finish procedural php project

Author: DevAbdulAlimRony

01-Basic.php

@@ -2,17 +2,17 @@
 /*== 1. Environment Setup ==*/
 // Web Server: Client - Server (Hardware) - Web Server (Apache/Nginx Software)
 // Ways to Install: Manual Installationin and Configuration in OS, XAMPP type Server(Preconfigured, Cant Run Multiple Version of PHP or Database, Not For Production), Virtual Machine/Docker (Better Alternative)
-// Run PHP Script in Command Line: cd directory - php index.php
+// Run PHP Script in Command Line: cd directory -> php index.php
 
 /*== 2. Basic Syntax ==*/
 echo 'PHP Print'; // If close php here, no need semicolon
 echo 'PHP', '', 'Print'; // Same Output as Above
 print 'PHP Print'; // Print has a return value 1, same Output of Echo
 echo print "PHP Print"; // Output: PHP Print1 , added 1 at last
 // Print could be used in expression like if(print()), echo cant: print echo will not work
-print('PHP Print'); // Same as print
 echo 'Abdul\'s'; // Escaping Quotes
-echo "Abdul's"; // Escaping Quotes
+echo "OK\"Nothing\\\\Tata\'\$"; // Escaping Characters
+$path = 'C:\\Program Files\\Test';
 $printR = array ('a' => 'apple', 'b' => 'banana', 'c' => array ('x', 'y', 'z')); // To Test
 print_r($printR); // Print Array in Human Readable Way
 // Not So Much Used: printf()- with format specifier like c programming, sprintf()
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
 $fname = 'Abdul';
 $lname = 'Alim';
 printf('Full Name: %2$s %1$s', $lname, $fname);
-echo "\n";
+echo "\n"; // Line Break
 // Variable Variables (Create Variable Dynamically)
 $foo = bar;
 $$foo = baz; // $$foo actually means $bar
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@
 echo PI; // Output: 3.14
 echo defined('PI'); // Output: 1, checking if any constant defined
 const STATUS_PAID = 'paid'; // Define constant using const keyword, will define at compile time.
-// So, we cant use const in controlled structure like loopor if-else, but can use define() in controlled structure
+// So, we cant use const into controlled structure like loop or if-else, but can use define() in controlled structure
 // When static data, can use const. When dynamic data, can use define(). Ex-
 define('STATUS_' . $x, 4);
 echo STATUS_1;
@@ -74,7 +74,8 @@
 // __TRAIT__, __METHOD__, __NAMESPACE__
 
 /*== 5. Data Types and Type Casting ==*/
-// Scalar Types: bool, int, float, string
+// Scalar Types: bool, int, float, string, has no dedicated 'double' but if we check float using gttype() it will show
+// double, because float and double same in php
 // Compound Types: array, object, callable, iterable
 // Special Types: resource, null. Scalar and Special types are primitive data types
 // Checking Type: gettype($var)- Only Data Type, var_dump($var) - Data Type with Value
@@ -102,7 +103,7 @@ function sum(int $x, int $y){
 // 05 will output to 5, 055 will output to 45. It is taking as octal
 // Prefix for Binary: 0b. 0b110 = 6
 $testInt2 = PHP_INT_MAX + 1; // When Maximum limit exceeds, it will auto converted to float
-// Casting: (int) or (integer)
+// Casting: (int) or (integer) or +$var
 $testInt2 = (int) 5.98; // Output: 5 (rounded auto, point will get removed)
 $testInt3 = (int) '5ABC'; // Output: 5
 $testInt4 = (int) 'ABC'; // Output: 0. Also null and false will be 0
@@ -111,30 +112,31 @@ function sum(int $x, int $y){
 is_int($testInt);
 
 /*== 7. Float Data Type: Positive or Negative Numbers with Decimal Points ==*/
-$testFloat = 13.5e3; // Output: 13500
+$testFloat = 13.5e3; // Output: 13500, floating-point number in scientific notation, equivalent to 13.5 × 10³
 $testFloat2 = 13.5e-3; // Output: 0.0135
 // Can use Underscore like Integer. PHP_FLOAT_MAX, PHP_FLOAT_MIN
 echo NAN; // Output: NAN, when calculation cant be done
 echo log(-1); // Output: NAN
 echo PHP_FLOAT_MAX * 2; // Output: INF (infinity)
-// Check: is_infinite(), is_finite(), is_nan()
+// Check: is_infinite(), is_finite(), is_nan(), is_float
 // Casting: (float), (floatval)
 
 /*== 7. Null(constant) Data Type: null or NULL ==*/
 // When null casted to string, it will empty string
 // Check: is_null or use ===
 // If variable not defined, it will throgh error but will get null
-// Cat to int: 0, to arrayL [], boolean: false
+// Cast to int: 0, to array: [], boolean: false
 
 /*== 8. Expression and Operators ==*/
 #Arithmetic Operator: + - * / % **
 $number = '10'; // string
 var_dump(+$number); // for having + operator, it will cast to integer
-var_dump(fdiv(10, 0)); // Output: 10 % 0- Infinity, if fdiv not used throgh error for dividing by 0
+var_dump(fdiv(10, 0)); // Output: 10 % 0- Infinity, if fdiv not used throgh error for 10 / 0
 // fmod(10, -3) , Output: 1 (10 % 3). Use when mod of floating number
-#Assignment IOperator: = += +- *- /= %= **=
+// fdiv and fmod works on floating point numbers to divide and modulus
+#Assignment Operator: = += +- *- /= %= **=
 #String Operator: . .=
-#Comparisn Operator: loose comparisn, strick comparisn, spaceship operator, conditional/ternary etc
+#Comparisn Operator: loose comparisn, strct comparisn, spaceship operator, conditional/ternary etc
 #Error Control Operator (@): Not Recommened to Use
 $errorControl = @file('foo.txt'); // As file not present it should throgh error, but it will not
 # Increment Decrement Operator (++ , --)
@@ -147,8 +149,8 @@ function sum(int $x, int $y){
 # (+ == === !== <> !===) Array Operators
     # Execution Operators
     # Type Operator (instanceof)
-    # Nullsafe Operator (?)
-
+    # Nullsafe Operator (??)
+    # Ternary Operator
     # Operator Precedence and Associativity
 
     /*== 9. String Data Type: When in Quote ==*/
@@ -157,7 +159,7 @@ function sum(int $x, int $y){
     echo $lastName;
     echo $firstName[0]; // Output: A
     $firstName[-2] = ''; // Converted to: Abul
-    // Declaration by Heredoc (treats that it is in double quote)
-    // $stringTest = three less than TEXT Line1 Lin2 TEXT; echo nl2br($stringTest). Use Case: like pre tag
+    // Declaration by Heredoc (treats that it is in double quote). Use Case: like pre tag, consider all white space
+    // $stringTest = three less than TEXT Line1 Lin2 TEXT; echo nl2br($stringTest).
     // Declaration by Nowdoc:
     //(treats that it is in single quote): three less than 'TEXT' - same just use sigle quote . Any space will render.

01-Project (Procedural PHP)/app/App.php

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types = 1);
+
+function getTransactionFiles(string $dirPath): array{
+    $file = [];
+
+    foreach(scandir($dirPath) as $file){
+        if(is_dir($file)){
+            continue; // Exclude Folder Dir, Just Take File
+        }
+        $files[] = $dirPath . $file;
+    }
+    return $files;
+}
+
+function getTransactions(string $fileName, ?callable $transactionHandler = null): array{
+    if(! file_exists($fileName)){
+         trigger_error('File ' . $fileName . ' does not exist', E_USER_ERROR);
+    }
+
+    $file = fopen($fileName, 'r');
+    fgetcsv($file); // Exclude the Header, First Line
+
+    $transactions = [];
+
+    while(($transaction = fgetcsv($file)) !== false){
+        if($transactionHandler !== null){
+            $transaction = $transactionHandler($transaction);
+        } // Here, we will use extractTransaction(). But we can have different row format in another file, so for flexibility, we took this formatting method as callback argument
+       $transactions[] = $transaction; 
+    }
+    return $transactions;
+}
+
+function extractTransaction(array $transactionRow): array{
+    [$date, $checkNumber, $description, $amount] = $transactionRow;
+    $amount = (float) str_replace(['$', ','], '', $amount);
+    
+    return [
+        'date' => $date,
+        'checkNumber' => $checkNumber,
+        'description' => $description,
+        'amount' => $amount,
+    ];
+}
+
+function calculateTotals(array $transactions): array{
+    $totals = ['netTotal' => 0, 'totalIncome' => 0, 'totalExpense' => 0];
+    foreach($transactions as $transaction){
+        $totals['netTotal'] += $transaction['amount'];
+        
+        if($transaction['amount'] >= 0){
+            $totals['totalIncome'] += $transaction['amount'];
+        }
+        else{
+            $totals['totalExpense'] += $transaction['amount'];
+        }
+    }
+    // we can use array_reduce or array_sum but it will get less performance
+    return $totals;
+}

01-Project (Procedural PHP)/app/helpers.php

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<?php
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+function formatDollarAmount(float $amount): string{
+    $isNegative = $amount < 0;
+    return ($isNegative ? '-' : '') . '$' . number_format(abs($amount), 2);
+}
+
+function formatDate(string $date): string{
+    return date('M j, Y', strtotime($date));
+}

01-Project (Procedural PHP)/public/index.php

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types = 1); //  strictly enforce types in function calls
+
+$root = dirname(__DIR__) . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR; 
+// dirname(__DIR__): Parent Directory of the Directory where current file Located (One Level Up from Current Directory)
+// DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR: / on Linux/macOS or \ on Windows, platform-independent code
+
+define('APP_PATH', $root . 'app' . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR); // Creates Constant APP_PATH - ./app/
+define('FILES_PATH', $root . 'transaction_files' . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR);
+define('VIEWS_PATH', $root . 'views' . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR);
+
+require APP_PATH . 'App.php';
+require APP_PATH . 'helpers.php';
+
+$files = getTransactionFiles(FILES_PATH);
+
+$transactions = [];
+foreach($files as $file){
+    $transactions = array_merge($transactions, getTransactions($file, 'extractTransaction'));
+}
+
+$totals = calculateTotals($transactions);
+
+require VIEWS_PATH . 'transactions.php';
+// Now, $transactions varible will be available within the view file

01-Project (Procedural PHP)/result.png

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+Date,Check #,Description,Amount
+01/04/2021,7777,Transaction 1,"$150.43"
+01/05/2021,,Transaction 2,"$700.25"
+01/06/2021,,Transaction 3,"-$1,303.97"
+01/07/2021,,Transaction 4,"$46.78"
+01/08/2021,,Transaction 5,"$816.87"
+01/11/2021,1934,Transaction 6,"-$1,002.53"
+01/12/2021,7307,Transaction 7,"$532.22"
+01/13/2021,1352,Transaction 8,"-$704.59"
+01/14/2021,,Transaction 9,"$98.04"
+01/15/2021,,Transaction 10,"-$204.56"
+01/25/2021,,Transaction 11,"$1,056.27"
+01/26/2021,,Transaction 12,"$550.10"
+01/27/2021,,Transaction 13,"-$825.77"
+01/28/2021,4250,Transaction 14,"$212.68"
+01/29/2021,,Transaction 15,"$195.68"
+02/02/2021,9915,Transaction 16,"-$463.75"
+02/03/2021,,Transaction 17,"$78.02"
+02/04/2021,,Transaction 18,"$268.81"
+02/05/2021,,Transaction 19,"$1,360.55"
+02/08/2021,,Transaction 20,"-$594.46"
+02/09/2021,9125,Transaction 21,"$467.39"
+02/10/2021,,Transaction 22,"$39.49"
+02/11/2021,7929,Transaction 23,"-$81.87"
+02/12/2021,,Transaction 24,"$255.64"
+02/12/2021,,Transaction 25,"$13.51"

01-Project (Procedural PHP)/transaction_files/sample_1.csv

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+
+<head>
+    <title>Transactions</title>
+    <style>
+    table {
+        width: 100%;
+        border-collapse: collapse;
+        text-align: center;
+    }
+
+    table tr th,
+    table tr td {
+        padding: 5px;
+        border: 1px #eee solid;
+    }
+
+    tfoot tr th,
+    tfoot tr td {
+        font-size: 20px;
+    }
+
+    tfoot tr th {
+        text-align: right;
+    }
+    </style>
+</head>
+
+<body>
+    <table>
+        <thead>
+            <tr>
+                <th>Date</th>
+                <th>Check #</th>
+                <th>Description</th>
+                <th>Amount</th>
+            </tr>
+        </thead>
+        <tbody>
+            <?php if(! empty($transactions)): ?>
+            <?php foreach($transactions as $transaction): ?>
+            <tr>
+                <td><?= formatDate($transaction['date']) ?></td>
+                <td><?= $transaction['checkNumber'] ?></td>
+                <td><?= $transaction['description'] ?></td>
+                <td>
+                    <?php if($transaction['amount'] < 0): ?>
+                    <span style="color: red;">
+                        <?= $transaction['amount'] ?>
+                    </span>
+                    <?php elseif($transaction['amount'] > 0): ?>
+                    <span style="color: green;">
+                        <?= $transaction['amount'] ?>
+                    </span>
+                    <?php else: ?>
+                    <?= $transaction['amount'] ?>
+                    <?php endif ?>
+                </td>
+            </tr>
+            <?php endforeach ?>
+            <?php endif ?>
+        </tbody>
+        <tfoot>
+            <tr>
+                <th colspan="3">Total Income:</th>
+                <td><?= formatDollarAmount($totals['totalIncome']) ?? 0 ?></td>
+            </tr>
+            <tr>
+                <th colspan="3">Total Expense:</th>
+                <td><?= formatDollarAmount($totals['totalExpense']) ?? 0 ?></td>
+            </tr>
+            <tr>
+                <th colspan="3">Net Total:</th>
+                <td><?= formatDollarAmount($totals['netTotal']) ?? 0 ?></td>
+            </tr>
+        </tfoot>
+    </table>
+</body>
+
+</html>

01-Project (Procedural PHP)/views/transactions.php

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?php
-/*== 1. Array Declaration ==*/
+/*== 1. Array Declaration and Checking ==*/
 $array1 = [1, 2, 3];
 $array2 = array(1, 2, 3);
 echo $array1[1]; // Output: 2 (at index 1)
@@ -18,6 +18,12 @@
 $newKey = 'Javascript';
 $array[$newKey] = 'ES6'; // Pushed a New Key Value into Array Dynamically
 
+$firstname = "Peter";
+$lastname = "Griffin";
+$age = "41";
+$result = compact("firstname", "lastname", "age"); // Create array containing variables and their values
+$number = range(0,5); // Creates array from 0 to 5
+
 $array4 = [0 => 'foo', 1 => 'bar', '1' => 'baz']; // Index 1's value will be baz, becaue it is overrode
 $array5 = [true => 'a', 1 => 'b', '1' => 'c', 1.8 => 'd', null => 'e'];
 print_r($array5); // Output: 1 => d, [] => e. 
@@ -33,25 +39,20 @@
 var_dump((array) $x); // Array Casting. Output: 0 => 3. 
 // Null will be an empty array if casted
 
-$firstname = "Peter";
-$lastname = "Griffin";
-$age = "41";
-$result = compact("firstname", "lastname", "age"); // Create array containing variables and their values
-$number = range(0,5); // Creates array from 0 to 5
-
 /*== 1. Array Functions ==*/
 $items = ['a' => 1, 'b' => 2, 'c' => 3, 'd' => 4, 'e' => 5];
-echo count($items); // Length of the Array
+echo count($items); // Length of the Array, or sizeof()
 array_push($array2, 4, 5); // Push as Last Items. Pass by Reference, It changed the original array
 array_pop($items); // Remove Last Element
 array_shift($items); // Remove First Element
+array_unshift($items, 4); // Add at first
 // After Removing, index will be reindexing auto. for array6, if we remove, then indexing will automatic not 50
 // But rather than 50, if it was a string, it will not be re-indexed
 // But, unset() dont reindex if we destroy any key using it
 array_key_exists('a', $items); // Check if key exists in an array
 array_chunk($items, 2); //  Array will be divided, 0 => [0 => 1, 1 => 2], 1 => []...
 array_chunk($items, 2, true); //  Key will be reserved, 0 => [a => 1, b => 2], 1 => []...
-array_combine($array1, $array2); // First Array's Value will be Key, Second's will be Value. Length must be same.
+array_combine($array1, $array2); // First Array's Value will be Key, Second's value will be Value. Length must be same.
 $even = array_filter($aray1, fn($number) => $number % 2 === 0); // $number performs filter operation on value and new array return
 $even2 = array_filter($aray1, fn($number) => $number % 2 === 0, ARRAY_FILTER_USE_KEY); // Now $number argument performs operation on key
 $even3 = array_filter($aray1, fn($number, $key) => $number % 2 === 0, ARRAY_FILTER_USE_BOTH); // Can use both key and value now
@@ -90,7 +91,7 @@
 // usort Remove Custom Keys, and Use Numeric Keys Instead
 
 // Array Destructuring (De structure array into separate variables)
-list($a, $b, $c) = $array1; // or, shorter version
+list($a, $b, $c) = $array1; // or, shorter version:
 [$a, $b, $c] = $array1;
 [$a, , $c] = $array1; // 2nd element is skipped
 // Destructing can be from nested array also: [$a, $b , [$c, $d]]
@@ -128,7 +129,7 @@
 // array_splice()	Removes and replaces specified elements of an array
 // array_sum()	Returns the sum of the values in an array
 // array_unique()	Removes duplicate values from an array
-// array_walk()	Applies a user function to every member of an array
+// array_walk()	Applies a user function to every member of an array, but on single array and change original array, no return value
 // current()	Returns the current element in an array
 // end()	Sets the internal pointer of an array to its last element
 // extract()	Imports variables into the current symbol table from an array