Add more docs and tests

Author: Keno

NEWS.md

@@ -17,6 +17,12 @@ Language changes
    may pave the way for inference to be able to intelligently re-use the old
    results, once the new method is deleted. ([#53415])
 
+ - Macro expansion will no longer eargerly recurse into into `Expr(:toplevel)`
+   expressions returned from macros. Instead, macro expansion of `:toplevel`
+   expressions will be delayed until evaluation time. This allows a later
+   expression within a given `:toplevel` expression to make use of macros
+   defined earlier in the same `:toplevel` expression. ([#53515])
+
 Compiler/Runtime improvements
 -----------------------------
 

base/docs/Docs.jl

@@ -446,6 +446,52 @@ more than one expression is marked then the same docstring is applied to each ex
     end
 
 `@__doc__` has no effect when a macro that uses it is not documented.
+
+!!! compat "Julia 1.12"
+
+    This section documents a very subtle corner case that is only relevant to
+    macros which themselves both define other macros and then attempt to use them
+    within the same expansion. Such macros were impossible to write prior to
+    Julia 1.12 and are still quite rare. If you are not writing such a macro,
+    you may ignore this note.
+
+    In versions prior to Julia 1.12, macroexpansion would recursively expand through
+    `Expr(:toplevel)` blocks. This behavior was changed in Julia 1.12 to allow
+    macros to recursively define other macros and use them in the same returned
+    expression. However, to preserve backwards compatibility with existing uses of
+    `@__doc__`, the doc system will still expand through `Expr(:toplevel)` blocks
+    when looking for `@__doc__` markers. As a result, macro-defining-macros will
+    have an observable behavior difference when annotated with a docstring:
+
+    ```julia
+    julia> macro macroception()
+        Expr(:toplevel, :(macro foo() 1 end), :(@foo))
+    end
+
+    julia> @macroception
+    1
+
+    julia> "Docstring" @macroception
+    ERROR: LoadError: UndefVarError: `@foo` not defined in `Main`
+    ```
+
+    The supported workaround is to manually expand the `@__doc__` macro in the
+    defining macro, which the docsystem will recognize and suppress the recursive
+    expansion:
+
+    ```julia
+    julia> macro macroception()
+        Expr(:toplevel,
+            macroexpand(__module__, :(@__doc__ macro foo() 1 end); recursive=false),
+            :(@foo))
+    end
+
+    julia> @macroception
+    1
+
+    julia> "Docstring" @macroception
+    1
+    ```
 """
 :(Core.@__doc__)
 

test/docs.jl

@@ -1562,3 +1562,15 @@ Base.@ccallable c51586_long()::Int = 3
     @test_broken isempty(undoc)
     @test undoc == [Symbol("@var")]
 end
+
+# Docing the macroception macro
+macro docmacroception()
+    Expr(:toplevel, macroexpand(__module__, :(@Base.__doc__ macro docmacrofoo() 1 end); recursive=false), :(@docmacrofoo))
+end
+
+"""
+This docmacroception has a docstring
+"""
+@docmacroception()
+
+@test Docs.hasdoc(@__MODULE__, :var"@docmacrofoo")