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KristofferCKristofferC
authoredFeb 17, 2022
Set VERSION to 1.9.0-DEV, move 1.8 NEWS to HISTORY, update SPDX (#44203)
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v1.11.4v1.9.0-alpha1
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‎HISTORY.md

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Julia v1.8 Release Notes
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========================
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New language features
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---------------------
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* Mutable struct fields may now be annotated as `const` to prevent changing them after construction,
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providing for greater clarity and optimization ability of these objects ([#43305]).
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* Type annotations can now be added to global variables to make accessing them type stable ([#43671]).
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* Empty n-dimensional arrays can now be created using multiple semicolons inside square brackets,
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e.g. `[;;;]` creates a 0×0×0 `Array` ([#41618]).
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* `try`-blocks can now optionally have an `else`-block which is executed right after the main body only if
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no errors were thrown ([#42211]).
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* `@inline` and `@noinline` annotations can now be placed within a function body ([#41312]).
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* `@inline` and `@noinline` annotations can now be applied to a function call site or block
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to enforce the involved function calls to be (or not to be) inlined ([#41312]).
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* `∀`, `∃`, and `∄` are now allowed as identifier characters ([#42314]).
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* Support for Unicode 14.0.0 ([#43443]).
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* `Module(:name, false, false)` can be used to create a `module` that contains no names
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(it does not import `Base` or `Core` and does not contain a reference to itself) ([#40110, #42154]).
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Language changes
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----------------
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* Newly-created Task objects (`@spawn`, `@async`, etc.) now adopt the world age for methods from their parent
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Task upon creation, instead of using the global latest world at start. This is done to enable inference to
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eventually optimize these calls. Places that wish for the old behavior may use `Base.invokelatest` ([#41449]).
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* Unbalanced Unicode bidirectional formatting directives are now disallowed within strings and comments,
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to mitigate the ["trojan source"](https://www.trojansource.codes) vulnerability ([#42918]).
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* `Base.ifelse` is now defined as a generic function rather than a builtin one, allowing packages to
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extend its definition ([#37343]).
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* Every assignment to a global variable now first goes through a call to `convert(Any, x)` (or `convert(T, x)`
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respectively if a type `T` has been declared for the global). This means great care should be taken
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to ensure the invariant `convert(Any, x) === x` always holds, as this change could otherwise lead to
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unexpected behavior ([#43671]).
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* Builtin functions are now a bit more like generic functions, and can be enumerated with `methods` ([#43865]).
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Compiler/Runtime improvements
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-----------------------------
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* Bootstrapping time has been improved by about 25% ([#41794]).
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* The LLVM-based compiler has been separated from the run-time library into a new library,
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`libjulia-codegen`. It is loaded by default, so normal usage should see no changes.
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In deployments that do not need the compiler (e.g. system images where all needed code
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is precompiled), this library (and its LLVM dependency) can simply be excluded ([#41936]).
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* Conditional type constraints can now be forwarded interprocedurally (i.e. propagated from caller to callee) ([#42529]).
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* Julia-level SROA (Scalar Replacement of Aggregates) has been improved: allowing elimination of
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`getfield` calls with constant global fields ([#42355]), enabling elimination of mutable structs with
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uninitialized fields ([#43208]), improving performance ([#43232]), and handling more nested `getfield`
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calls ([#43239]).
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* Abstract call sites can now be inlined or statically resolved as long as the call site has a single
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matching method ([#43113]).
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* Inference now tracks various effects such as side-effectful-ness and nothrow-ness on a per-specialization basis.
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Code heavily dependent on constant propagation should see significant compile-time performance improvements and
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certain cases (e.g. calls to uninlinable functions that are nevertheless effect free) should see runtime performance
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improvements. Effects may be overwritten manually with the `@Base.assume_effects` macro ([#43852]).
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Command-line option changes
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---------------------------
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* The default behavior of observing `@inbounds` declarations is now an option via `auto` in `--check-bounds=yes|no|auto` ([#41551]).
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* New option `--strip-metadata` to remove docstrings, source location information, and local
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variable names when building a system image ([#42513]).
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* New option `--strip-ir` to remove the compiler's IR (intermediate representation) of source
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code when building a system image. The resulting image will only work if `--compile=all` is
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used, or if all needed code is precompiled ([#42925]).
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* When the program file is `-` the code to be executed is read from standard in ([#43191]).
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Multi-threading changes
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-----------------------
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* `Threads.@threads` now defaults to a new `:dynamic` schedule option which is similar to the previous behavior except
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that iterations will be scheduled dynamically to available worker threads rather than pinned to each thread. This
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behavior is more composable with (possibly nested) `@spawn` and `@threads` loops ([#43919], [#44136]).
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Build system changes
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--------------------
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New library functions
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---------------------
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* New function `eachsplit(str)` for iteratively performing `split(str)` ([#39245]).
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* New function `allequal(itr)` for testing if all elements in an iterator are equal ([#43354]).
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* `hardlink(src, dst)` can be used to create hard links ([#41639]).
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* `setcpuaffinity(cmd, cpus)` can be used to set CPU affinity of sub-processes ([#42469]).
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* `diskstat(path=pwd())` can be used to return statistics about the disk ([#42248]).
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* New `@showtime` macro to show both the line being evaluated and the `@time` report ([#42431]).
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* The `LazyString` and the `lazy"str"` macro were added to support delayed construction of error messages in error paths ([#33711]).
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New library features
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--------------------
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* `@time` and `@timev` now take an optional description to allow annotating the source of time reports,
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e.g. `@time "Evaluating foo" foo()` ([#42431]).
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* `range` accepts either `stop` or `length` as a sole keyword argument ([#39241]).
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* `precision` and `setprecision` now accept a `base` keyword argument ([#42428]).
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* TCP socket objects now expose `closewrite` functionality and support half-open mode usage ([#40783]).
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* `extrema` now accepts an `init` keyword argument ([#36265], [#43604]).
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* `Iterators.countfrom` now accepts any type that defines `+` ([#37747]).
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Standard library changes
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------------------------
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* Keys with value `nothing` are now removed from the environment in `addenv` ([#43271]).
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* `Iterators.reverse` (and hence `last`) now supports `eachline` iterators ([#42225]).
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* The `length` function on certain ranges of certain element types no longer checks for integer
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overflow in most cases. The new function `checked_length` is now available, which will try to use checked
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arithmetic to error if the result may be wrapping. Or use a package such as SaferIntegers.jl when
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constructing the range ([#40382]).
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* Intersect returns a result with the eltype of the type-promoted eltypes of the two inputs ([#41769]).
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* Iterating an `Iterators.Reverse` now falls back on reversing the eachindex iterator, if possible ([#43110]).
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#### InteractiveUtils
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* New macro `@time_imports` for reporting any time spent importing packages and their dependencies ([#41612]).
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#### LinearAlgebra
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* The BLAS submodule now supports the level-2 BLAS subroutine `spr!` ([#42830]).
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* `cholesky[!]` now supports `LinearAlgebra.PivotingStrategy` (singleton type) values
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as its optional `pivot` argument: the default is `cholesky(A, NoPivot())` (vs.
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`cholesky(A, RowMaximum())`); the former `Val{true/false}`-based calls are deprecated ([#41640]).
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* The standard library `LinearAlgebra.jl` is now completely independent of `SparseArrays.jl`,
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both in terms of the source code as well as unit testing ([#43127]). As a consequence,
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sparse arrays are no longer (silently) returned by methods from `LinearAlgebra` applied
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to `Base` or `LinearAlgebra` objects. Specifically, this results in the following breaking
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changes:
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* Concatenations involving special "sparse" matrices (`*diagonal`) now return dense matrices;
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As a consequence, the `D1` and `D2` fields of `SVD` objects, constructed upon `getproperty`
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calls are now dense matrices.
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* 3-arg `similar(::SpecialSparseMatrix, ::Type, ::Dims)` returns a dense zero matrix.
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As a consequence, products of bi-, tri- and symmetric tridiagonal matrices with each
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other result in dense output. Moreover, constructing 3-arg similar matrices of special
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"sparse" matrices of (nonstatic) matrices now fails for the lack of `zero(::Type{Matrix{T}})`.
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#### Printf
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* Now uses `textwidth` for formatting `%s` and `%c` widths ([#41085]).
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#### Profile
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* CPU profiling now records sample metadata including thread and task. `Profile.print()` has a new `groupby` kwarg that allows
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grouping by thread, task, or nested thread/task, task/thread, and `threads` and `tasks` kwargs to allow filtering.
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Further, percent utilization is now reported as a total or per-thread, based on whether the thread is idle or not at
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each sample. `Profile.fetch()` includes the new metadata by default. For backwards compatibility with external
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profiling data consumers, it can be excluded by passing `include_meta=false` ([#41742]).
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* The new `Profile.Allocs` module allows memory allocations to be profiled. The stack trace, type, and size of each
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allocation is recorded, and a `sample_rate` argument allows a tunable amount of allocations to be skipped,
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reducing performance overhead ([#42768]).
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* A fixed duration cpu profile can now be triggered by the user during running tasks without `Profile` being loaded
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first and the report will show during execution. On MacOS & FreeBSD press `ctrl-t` or raise a `SIGINFO`.
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For other platforms raise a `SIGUSR1` i.e. `% kill -USR1 $julia_pid`. Not currently available on windows ([#43179]).
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#### REPL
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* `RadioMenu` now supports optional `keybindings` to directly select options ([#41576]).
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* ` ?(x, y` followed by TAB displays all methods that can be called
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with arguments `x, y, ...`. (The space at the beginning prevents entering help-mode.)
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`MyModule.?(x, y` limits the search to `MyModule`. TAB requires that at least one
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argument have a type more specific than `Any`; use SHIFT-TAB instead of TAB
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to allow any compatible methods ([#38791]).
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* New `err` global variable in `Main` set when an expression throws an exception, akin to `ans`. Typing `err` reprints
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the exception information ([#40642]).
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#### SparseArrays
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* The code for SparseArrays has been moved from the Julia repo to the external
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repo at https://github.com/JuliaSparse/SparseArrays.jl. This is only a code
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movement and does not impact any usage ([#43813]).
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* New sparse concatenation functions `sparse_hcat`, `sparse_vcat`, and `sparse_hvcat` return
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`SparseMatrixCSC` output independent from the types of the input arguments. They make
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concatenation behavior available, in which the presence of some special "sparse" matrix
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argument resulted in sparse output by multiple dispatch. This is no longer possible after
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making `LinearAlgebra.jl` independent from `SparseArrays.jl` ([#43127]).
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#### Logging
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* The standard log levels `BelowMinLevel`, `Debug`, `Info`, `Warn`, `Error`,
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and `AboveMaxLevel` are now exported from the Logging stdlib ([#40980]).
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#### Unicode
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* Added function `isequal_normalized` to check for Unicode equivalence without
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explicitly constructing normalized strings ([#42493]).
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* The `Unicode.normalize` function now accepts a `chartransform` keyword that can
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be used to supply custom character mappings, and a `Unicode.julia_chartransform`
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function is provided to reproduce the mapping used in identifier normalization
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by the Julia parser ([#42561]).
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#### Test
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* `@test_throws "some message" triggers_error()` can now be used to check whether the displayed error text
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contains "some message" regardless of the specific exception type.
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Regular expressions, lists of strings, and matching functions are also supported ([#41888]).
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* `@testset foo()` can now be used to create a test set from a given function. The name of the test set
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is the name of the called function. The called function can contain `@test` and other `@testset`
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definitions, including to other function calls, while recording all intermediate test results ([#42518]).
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* `TestLogger` and `LogRecord` are now exported from the Test stdlib ([#44080]).
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Deprecated or removed
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---------------------
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External dependencies
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---------------------
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Tooling Improvements
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---------------------
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* `GC.enable_logging(true)` can be used to log each garbage collection, with the
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time it took and the amount of memory that was collected ([#43511]).
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<!--- generated by NEWS-update.jl: -->
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[#33711]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/33711
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[#36265]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/36265
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[#37343]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/37343
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[#37747]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/37747
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[#38791]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/38791
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[#39241]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/39241
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[#39245]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/39245
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[#40382]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/40382
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[#40642]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/40642
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[#40783]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/40783
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[#40980]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/40980
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[#41085]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/41085
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[#41312]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/41312
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[#41449]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/41449
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[#41551]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/41551
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[#41576]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/41576
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[#41612]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/41612
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[#41618]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/41618
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[#41639]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/41639
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[#41640]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/41640
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[#41742]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/41742
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[#41769]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/41769
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[#41794]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/41794
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[#41888]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/41888
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[#41936]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/41936
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[#42211]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/42211
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[#42225]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/42225
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[#42248]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/42248
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[#42314]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/42314
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[#42355]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/42355
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[#42428]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/42428
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[#42431]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/42431
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[#42469]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/42469
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[#42493]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/42493
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[#42513]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/42513
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[#42518]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/42518
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[#42529]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/42529
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[#42561]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/42561
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[#42768]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/42768
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[#42830]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/42830
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[#42918]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/42918
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[#42925]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/42925
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[#43110]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/43110
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[#43113]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/43113
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[#43127]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/43127
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[#43179]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/43179
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[#43191]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/43191
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[#43208]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/43208
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[#43232]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/43232
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[#43239]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/43239
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[#43271]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/43271
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[#43305]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/43305
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[#43354]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/43354
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[#43443]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/43443
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[#43511]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/43511
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[#43604]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/43604
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[#43671]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/43671
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[#43813]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/43813
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[#43852]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/43852
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[#43865]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/43865
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[#43919]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/43919
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[#44080]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/44080
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[#44136]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/44136
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Julia v1.7 Release Notes
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========================
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