Merge branch 'main' into formatting-fixes

Author: mimkes

episodes/01-introduction.md

@@ -167,9 +167,9 @@ The main data types that are used in doaj-article-sample database are `INTEGER`
 Different database software/platforms have different names and sometimes different definitions of data types, so you'll need to understand the data types for any platform you are using. The following table explains some of the common data types and how they are represented in SQLite; [more details available on the SQLite website](https://www.sqlite.org/datatype3.html).
 
 | Data type              | Details                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         | Name in SQLite                                                                                                        | 
-| :--------------------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| :--------------------- |:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
 | boolean or binary      | this variable type is often used to represent variables that can only have two values: yes or no, true or false.                                                                                                                                                                | doesn't exist - need to use integer data type and values of 0 or 1.                                                   | 
-| integer                | sometimes called whole numbers or counting numbers.  Can be 1,2,3, etc., as well as 0 and negative whole numbers: -1,-2,-3, etc.                                                                                                                                                | INTEGER                                                                                                               | 
+| integer                | sometimes called whole numbers or counting numbers.  Can be 1, 2, 3, etc., as well as 0 and negative whole numbers: -1, -2, -3, etc.                                                                                                                                            | INTEGER                                                                                                               | 
 | float, real, or double | a decimal number or a floating point value.  The largest possible size of the number may be specified.                                                                                                                                                                          | REAL                                                                                                                  | 
 | text or string         | any combination of numbers, letters, symbols.  Platforms may have different data types: one for variables with a set number of characters - e.g., a zip code or postal code, and one for variables with an open number of characters, e.g., an address or description variable. | TEXT                                                                                                                  | 
 | date or datetime       | depending on the platform, may represent the date and time or the number of days since a specified date.  This field often has a specified format, e.g., YYYY-MM-DD                                                                                                             | doesn't exist - need to use built-in date and time functions and store dates in real, integer, or text formats.  See [Section 2.2 of SQLite documentation](https://www.sqlite.org/datatype3.html#date_and_time_datatype) for more details. | 

episodes/03-filtering.md

@@ -25,15 +25,15 @@ SQL is a powerful tool for filtering data in databases based on a set of conditi
 ```sql
 SELECT *
 FROM articles
-WHERE ISSNs='2056-9890';
+WHERE ISSNs = '2056-9890';
 ```
 
 We can add additional conditions by using `AND`, `OR`, and/or `NOT`. For example, suppose we want the data on *Acta Crystallographica* published after October:
 
 ```sql
 SELECT *
 FROM articles
-WHERE (ISSNs='2056-9890') AND (Month > 10);
+WHERE (ISSNs = '2056-9890') AND (Month > 10);
 ```
 
 Parentheses are used merely for readability in this case but can be required by the SQL interpreter in order to disambiguate formulas.

episodes/04-ordering-commenting.md

@@ -56,7 +56,8 @@ Consider the following query:
 ```sql
 SELECT *
 FROM articles
-WHERE (ISSNs = '2076-0787') OR (ISSNs = '2077-1444') OR (ISSNs = '2067-2764|2247-6202');
+WHERE (ISSNs = '2076-0787') OR (ISSNs = '2077-1444')
+      OR (ISSNs = '2067-2764|2247-6202');
 ```
 
 SQL offers the flexibility of iteratively adding new conditions but you may reach a point where the query is difficult to read and inefficient. For instance, we can use `IN` to improve the query and make it more readable:
@@ -79,7 +80,8 @@ join multiple tables because they represent a good example of using
 comments in SQL to explain more complex queries.*/
 
 -- First we mention all the fields we want to display
-SELECT articles.Title, articles.First_Author, journals.Journal_Title, publishers.Publisher
+SELECT articles.Title, articles.First_Author, journals.Journal_Title,
+       publishers.Publisher
 -- from the first table
 FROM articles
 -- and join it with the second table.

episodes/05-aggregating-calculating.md

@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ but only for the journals with 5 or more citations on average.
 SELECT ISSNs, AVG(Citation_Count)
 FROM articles
 GROUP BY ISSNs
-HAVING AVG(Citation_Count)>=5;
+HAVING AVG(Citation_Count) >= 5;
 ```
 
 :::::::::::::::::::::::::
@@ -106,9 +106,10 @@ HAVING AVG(Citation_Count)>=5;
 In SQL, we can also perform calculations as we query the database. Also known as computed columns, we can use expressions on a column or multiple columns to get new values during our query. For example, what if we wanted to calculate a new column called `CoAuthor_Count`:
 
 ```sql
-SELECT Title, ISSNs, Author_Count -1 as CoAuthor_Count
+SELECT Title, ISSNs, Author_Count - 1 as CoAuthor_Count
 FROM articles
 ORDER BY CoAuthor_Count DESC;
+
 ```
 
 In section [6\. Joins and aliases](06-joins-aliases.md) we are going to learn more about the SQL keyword `AS` and how to make use of aliases - in this example we simply used the calculation and `AS` to represent that the new column is different from the original SQL table data.

episodes/06-joins-aliases.md

@@ -54,7 +54,8 @@ We will cover [relational database design](08-database-design.md) in the next ep
 When joining tables, you can specify the columns you want by using `table.colname` instead of selecting all the columns using `*`. For example:
 
 ```sql
-SELECT articles.ISSNs, journals.Journal_Title, articles.Title, articles.First_Author, articles.Month, articles.Year
+SELECT articles.ISSNs, journals.Journal_Title, articles.Title,
+       articles.First_Author, articles.Month, articles.Year
 FROM articles
 JOIN journals
 ON articles.ISSNs = journals.ISSNs;
@@ -63,7 +64,8 @@ ON articles.ISSNs = journals.ISSNs;
 Joins can be combined with sorting, filtering, and aggregation.  So, if we wanted the average number of authors for articles on each journal, we can use the following query:
 
 ```sql
-SELECT articles.ISSNs, journals.Journal_Title, ROUND(AVG(articles.Author_Count), 2)
+SELECT articles.ISSNs, journals.Journal_Title,
+       ROUND(AVG(articles.Author_Count), 2)
 FROM articles
 JOIN journals
 ON articles.ISSNs = journals.ISSNs
@@ -142,16 +144,18 @@ We can alias both table names:
 ```sql
 SELECT ar.Title, ar.First_Author, jo.Journal_Title
 FROM articles AS ar
-JOIN journals  AS jo
+JOIN journals AS jo
 ON ar.ISSNs = jo.ISSNs;
 ```
 
 And column names:
 
 ```sql
-SELECT ar.title AS title, ar.first_author AS author, jo.journal_title AS journal
+SELECT ar.title AS title,
+       ar.first_author AS author,
+       jo.journal_title AS journal
 FROM articles AS ar
-JOIN journals  AS jo
+JOIN journals AS jo
 ON ar.issns = jo.issns;
 ```
 

episodes/09-create.md

@@ -54,10 +54,10 @@ For example, a better definition for the `journals` table would be:
 
 ```sql
 CREATE TABLE "journals" (
-	"id"	INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
-	"ISSN-L"	TEXT,
-	"ISSNs"	TEXT,
-	"PublisherId"	INTEGER,
+	"id"            INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+	"ISSN-L"        TEXT,
+	"ISSNs"	        TEXT,
+	"PublisherId"   INTEGER,
 	"Journal_Title"	TEXT,
 	CONSTRAINT "PublisherId" FOREIGN KEY("PublisherId") REFERENCES "publishers"("id") 
 );
@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@ CREATE TABLE "myjournals"(Journal_Title text, ISSNs text);
 INSERT INTO "myjournals" 
 SELECT Journal_Title, ISSNs 
 FROM journals;
+
 ```
 
 Modifying existing records is done using the `UPDATE` statement.

episodes/11-extra-challenges.md

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ How many `articles` are there from each `First_author`? Can you make an alias fo
 ## Solution 1
 
 ```sql
-SELECT First_Author, COUNT( * ) AS n_articles
+SELECT First_Author, COUNT(*) AS n_articles
 FROM articles
 GROUP BY First_Author
 ORDER BY n_articles DESC;
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ How many papers have a single author? How many have 2 authors? How many 3? etc?
 ## Solution 2
 
 ```sql
-SELECT Author_Count, COUNT( * )
+SELECT Author_Count, COUNT(*)
 FROM articles
 GROUP BY Author_Count;
 ```
@@ -77,10 +77,10 @@ language is unknown.
 ## Solution 3
 
 ```sql
-SELECT Language, COUNT( * )
+SELECT Language, COUNT(*)
 FROM articles
 JOIN languages
-ON articles.LanguageId=languages.id
+ON articles.LanguageId = languages.id
 WHERE Language != ''
 GROUP BY Language;
 ```
@@ -101,10 +101,10 @@ number of citations for that `Licence` type?
 ## Solution 4
 
 ```sql
-SELECT Licence, AVG( Citation_Count ), COUNT( * )
+SELECT Licence, AVG(Citation_Count), COUNT(*)
 FROM articles
 JOIN licences
-ON articles.LicenceId=licences.id
+ON articles.LicenceId = licences.id
 WHERE Licence != ''
 GROUP BY Licence;
 ```
@@ -124,12 +124,13 @@ Write a query that returns `Title, First_Author, Author_Count, Citation_Count, M
 ## Solution 5
 
 ```sql
-SELECT Title, First_Author, Author_Count, Citation_Count, Month, Year, Journal_Title, Publisher
+SELECT Title, First_Author, Author_Count, Citation_Count,
+       Month, Year, Journal_Title, Publisher
 FROM articles
 JOIN journals
-ON articles.issns=journals.ISSNs
+ON articles.issns = journals.ISSNs
 JOIN publishers
-ON publishers.id=journals.PublisherId;
+ON publishers.id = journals.PublisherId;
 ```
 
 :::::::::::::::::::::::::

episodes/Bonus_GoodStyle.md

@@ -40,7 +40,8 @@ SELECT articles.Title, articles.First_Author, journals.Journal_Title, publishers
 Into something that looks like this:
 
 ```sql
-SELECT articles.Title, articles.First_Author, journals.Journal_Title, publishers.Publisher
+SELECT articles.Title, articles.First_Author, journals.Journal_Title,
+       publishers.Publisher
 FROM articles
 JOIN journals
 ON articles.ISSNs = journals.ISSNs