diff --git a/src/NServiceBus.AcceptanceTesting/ScenarioWithContext.cs b/src/NServiceBus.AcceptanceTesting/ScenarioWithContext.cs
index d6862331ea..94b13875a5 100644
--- a/src/NServiceBus.AcceptanceTesting/ScenarioWithContext.cs
+++ b/src/NServiceBus.AcceptanceTesting/ScenarioWithContext.cs
@@ -171,7 +171,9 @@ public IScenarioWithEndpointBehavior<TContext> Done(Func<TContext, TaskCompletio
 
     readonly List<IComponentBehavior> behaviors = [];
     int componentCount = 0;
-    readonly IServiceCollection services = new ServiceCollection();
+    // The default service collection is not thread safe but the acceptance testing framework does concurrent starting of endpoints and service registration, so we need to use a thread safe collection here.
+    // In the future we probably want to change the framework to not allow concurrent modifications to the service collection, but for now this is a simpler change.
+    readonly IServiceCollection services = new ThreadSafeServiceCollection();
     Task? doneTask;
     readonly TaskCompletionSource<(TContext scenarioContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)> kickOffTcs = new(TaskCreationOptions.RunContinuationsAsynchronously);
     Func<TContext, TaskCompletionSource>? doneFunc;
diff --git a/src/NServiceBus.AcceptanceTesting/Support/ScenarioRunner.cs b/src/NServiceBus.AcceptanceTesting/Support/ScenarioRunner.cs
index ed7a15de83..474a64a293 100644
--- a/src/NServiceBus.AcceptanceTesting/Support/ScenarioRunner.cs
+++ b/src/NServiceBus.AcceptanceTesting/Support/ScenarioRunner.cs
@@ -49,7 +49,8 @@ async Task<RunResult> PerformTestRun(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
 
             runResult.ActiveEndpoints = [.. endpoints.Select(r => r.Name)];
 
-            runDescriptor.ServiceProvider = runDescriptor.Services.BuildServiceProvider(runDescriptor.Settings.Get<ServiceProviderOptions>());
+            var services = runDescriptor.Services is ThreadSafeServiceCollection safe ? safe.Unwrap() : runDescriptor.Services;
+            runDescriptor.ServiceProvider = services.BuildServiceProvider(runDescriptor.Settings.Get<ServiceProviderOptions>());
 
             await PerformScenarios(endpoints, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
 
diff --git a/src/NServiceBus.AcceptanceTesting/Support/ThreadSafeServiceCollection.cs b/src/NServiceBus.AcceptanceTesting/Support/ThreadSafeServiceCollection.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..79a1ca6772
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/NServiceBus.AcceptanceTesting/Support/ThreadSafeServiceCollection.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+namespace NServiceBus.AcceptanceTesting.Support;
+
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Threading;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.Extensions;
+
+sealed class ThreadSafeServiceCollection : IServiceCollection
+{
+    public int Count
+    {
+        get
+        {
+            using var _ = gate.EnterScope();
+            return inner.Count;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public bool IsReadOnly => inner.IsReadOnly;
+
+    public ServiceDescriptor this[int index]
+    {
+        get
+        {
+            using var _ = gate.EnterScope();
+            return inner[index];
+        }
+        set
+        {
+            using var _ = gate.EnterScope();
+            inner[index] = value;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void Add(ServiceDescriptor item)
+    {
+        using var _ = gate.EnterScope();
+        inner.Add(item);
+    }
+
+    public void Clear()
+    {
+        using var _ = gate.EnterScope();
+        inner.Clear();
+    }
+
+    public bool Contains(ServiceDescriptor item)
+    {
+        using var _ = gate.EnterScope();
+        return inner.Contains(item);
+    }
+
+    public void CopyTo(ServiceDescriptor[] array, int arrayIndex)
+    {
+        using var _ = gate.EnterScope();
+        inner.CopyTo(array, arrayIndex);
+    }
+
+    public bool Remove(ServiceDescriptor item)
+    {
+        using var _ = gate.EnterScope();
+        return inner.Remove(item);
+    }
+
+    public IEnumerator<ServiceDescriptor> GetEnumerator()
+    {
+        using var _ = gate.EnterScope();
+        IEnumerable<ServiceDescriptor> snapshot = [.. inner];
+        return snapshot.GetEnumerator();
+    }
+
+    public int IndexOf(ServiceDescriptor item)
+    {
+        using var _ = gate.EnterScope();
+        return inner.IndexOf(item);
+    }
+
+    public void Insert(int index, ServiceDescriptor item)
+    {
+        using var _ = gate.EnterScope();
+        inner.Insert(index, item);
+    }
+
+    public void RemoveAt(int index)
+    {
+        using var _ = gate.EnterScope();
+        inner.RemoveAt(index);
+    }
+
+    internal IServiceCollection Unwrap() => inner;
+
+    IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator() => GetEnumerator();
+
+    readonly ServiceCollection inner = [];
+    readonly Lock gate = new();
+}
\ No newline at end of file