diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 28629f02..ab0779eb 100755
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ test-make-var:
 	 echo "HOME: $(HOME)"; \
 	fi
 
-# 这两个测试文件都用 DEBUG mode
+# 这些测试文件都用 DEBUG mode
 test-xy: CFLAGS += $(CFLAGS_debug)
 test-xy:
 	@$(CC) test/xy.c $(CFLAGS) $(LDLIBS_win) -o xy
diff --git a/justfile b/justfile
index cb0e066c..8e174f7d 100644
--- a/justfile
+++ b/justfile
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ debug: build-in-debug-mode
 
 test: test-xy test-fw
 
-# 这两个测试文件都用 DEBUG mode
+# 这些测试文件都用 DEBUG mode
 test-xy:
 	@{{CC}} test/xy.c {{CFLAGS_debug_mode}} -o xy
 	@{{BIN_xy}}
diff --git a/lib/xy.h b/lib/xy.h
index bba59158..5bcdf6fc 100644
--- a/lib/xy.h
+++ b/lib/xy.h
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
  *               | AnonTokio    <anontokio@163.com>
  *               |
  * Created On    : <2023-08-28>
- * Last Modified : <2026-08-13>
+ * Last Modified : <2026-11-11>
  *
  *
  *                     xy: 襄阳、咸阳
@@ -56,8 +56,11 @@
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <dirent.h> // opendir() closedir()
+#ifndef _WIN32
+  #include <unistd.h>
+  #include <dirent.h> // opendir() closedir()
+  #include <sys/stat.h>
+#endif
 
 #if defined(__STDC__) && __STDC_VERSION__ >= 202311
   #define XY_Deprecate_This(msg) [[deprecated(msg)]]
@@ -108,6 +111,11 @@ xy =
 
 
 
+/**
+ * 平台判定约定：
+ *   1. 编译期 `#ifdef XY_Build_On_Windows` 仅用于包裹 Win32 SDK 专有头文件、类型与 API 调用
+ *   2. 运行期 `if (xy.on_windows)` 用于纯 C 跨平台分支逻辑，二者真值严格一致
+ */
 #ifdef _WIN32
   #define XY_Build_On_Windows 1
 
@@ -962,44 +970,6 @@ xy_file_remove (const char *path)
 }
 
 
-/**
- * @brief 路径是否存在（文件或目录）
- */
-static bool
-xy_path_exist (const char *path)
-{
-#ifdef XY_Build_On_Windows
-  wchar_t *wpath = xy_utf8_to_wstr (path);
-  bool exist = (NULL != wpath) && (INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES != GetFileAttributesW (wpath));
-  free (wpath);
-  return exist;
-#else
-  return 0 == access (path, 0);   /* F_OK */
-#endif
-}
-
-
-/**
- * @brief 路径是否为目录
- */
-static bool
-xy_path_is_dir (const char *path)
-{
-#ifdef XY_Build_On_Windows
-  wchar_t *wpath = xy_utf8_to_wstr (path);
-  DWORD attr = wpath ? GetFileAttributesW (wpath) : INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES;
-  free (wpath);
-  return (INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES != attr) && (attr & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY);
-#else
-  DIR *d = opendir (path);
-  if (!d)
-    return false;
-  closedir (d);
-  return true;
-#endif
-}
-
-
 /**
  * @brief 执行命令
  *
@@ -1022,7 +992,7 @@ xy_system (const char *cmd)
 /**
  * @brief 以管道执行命令
  *
- * @return 同 popen()，需要以 pclose() 关闭
+ * @return 同 popen()，需要以 xy_pclose() 关闭
  */
 static FILE *
 xy_popen (const char *cmd, const char *mode)
@@ -1040,6 +1010,17 @@ xy_popen (const char *cmd, const char *mode)
 }
 
 
+static int
+xy_pclose (FILE *stream)
+{
+#ifdef XY_Build_On_Windows
+  return _pclose (stream);
+#else
+  return pclose (stream);
+#endif
+}
+
+
 /**
  * @brief 读取环境变量
  *
@@ -1362,7 +1343,7 @@ xy_run_iter_lines (const char *cmd,  unsigned long n,  bool (*func) (const char
     }
 
   free (buf);
-  pclose (stream);
+  xy_pclose (stream);
   return ret;
 }
 
@@ -1438,7 +1419,7 @@ xy_run_get_stdout (const char *cmd, char **output)
     }
   buf[size] = '\0';
 
-  int status = pclose (stream);
+  int status = xy_pclose (stream);
 
   if (output)
     *output = buf;
@@ -1567,50 +1548,244 @@ _xy_win_powershellv5_profile ()
 #define xy_bashrc "~/.bashrc"
 #define xy_fishrc "~/.config/fish/config.fish"
 
+static char *
+xy_normalize_path (const char *path);
+
+
+enum _XyStat
+{
+  _XY_Path_Error,
+  _XY_Path_Missing,
+  _XY_Path_File,
+  _XY_Path_Dir,
+  _XY_Path_Other
+};
+
+
+enum XyStatError
+{
+  XY_Stat_Ok,
+  XY_Stat_Not_Found,
+  XY_Stat_Not_Directory,
+  XY_Stat_Not_File,
+  XY_Stat_Invalid_Path,
+  XY_Stat_Access_Denied,
+  XY_Stat_Link_Loop,
+  XY_Stat_Name_Too_Long,
+  XY_Stat_IO_Error,
+  XY_Stat_Busy,
+  XY_Stat_Resource_Limit,
+  XY_Stat_Query_Error
+};
+
+
+static enum XyStatError
+_xy_stat_error (unsigned long code)
+{
+  switch (code)
+    {
+#ifdef XY_Build_On_Windows
+    case ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND:
+    case ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND:       return XY_Stat_Not_Found;
+    case ERROR_DIRECTORY:           return XY_Stat_Not_Directory;
+    case ERROR_INVALID_NAME:
+    case ERROR_BAD_PATHNAME:
+    case ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER:
+    case ERROR_NO_UNICODE_TRANSLATION: return XY_Stat_Invalid_Path;
+    case ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED:
+    case ERROR_PRIVILEGE_NOT_HELD:   return XY_Stat_Access_Denied;
+    case ERROR_CANT_RESOLVE_FILENAME: return XY_Stat_Link_Loop;
+    case ERROR_FILENAME_EXCED_RANGE: return XY_Stat_Name_Too_Long;
+    case ERROR_IO_DEVICE:
+    case ERROR_READ_FAULT:
+    case ERROR_GEN_FAILURE:         return XY_Stat_IO_Error;
+    case ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION:
+    case ERROR_LOCK_VIOLATION:       return XY_Stat_Busy;
+    case ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY:
+    case ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY:
+    case ERROR_TOO_MANY_OPEN_FILES:  return XY_Stat_Resource_Limit;
+#else
+    case ENOENT:                    return XY_Stat_Not_Found;
+    case ENOTDIR:                   return XY_Stat_Not_Directory;
+    case EINVAL:                    return XY_Stat_Invalid_Path;
+    case EACCES:
+    case EPERM:                     return XY_Stat_Access_Denied;
+    case ELOOP:                     return XY_Stat_Link_Loop;
+    case ENAMETOOLONG:               return XY_Stat_Name_Too_Long;
+    case EIO:                       return XY_Stat_IO_Error;
+    case EBUSY:                     return XY_Stat_Busy;
+    case ENOMEM:
+    case EMFILE:
+    case ENFILE:                    return XY_Stat_Resource_Limit;
+#endif
+    default:                        return XY_Stat_Query_Error;
+    }
+}
+
+
 /**
- * @note Windows上，`path` 不要夹带变量名，因为最终不会帮你转换
+ * @internal 规范化路径后跟随链接查询目标类型，区分不存在与查询错误
  *
  * @memory SAFE
  */
-static bool
-xy_file_exist (const char *path)
+static enum _XyStat
+xy_stat (const char *path, enum XyStatError *error)
 {
-  char *expanded_path = NULL;
-  const char *check_path = path;
+  if (error)
+    *error = XY_Stat_Invalid_Path;
+  if (!path)
+    return _XY_Path_Error;
 
-  if (xy_str_start_with (path, "~"))
+  char *normalized_path = xy_normalize_path (path);
+  enum _XyStat result = _XY_Path_Error;
+  if (!normalized_path[0])
     {
-      expanded_path = xy_2strcat (xy_os_home, path + 1);
-      check_path = expanded_path;
+      free (normalized_path);
+      return result;
     }
 
-  bool result = xy_path_exist (check_path);
-  if (expanded_path) free (expanded_path);
+  enum XyStatError status = XY_Stat_Ok;
+#ifdef XY_Build_On_Windows
+  wchar_t *wpath = xy_utf8_to_wstr (normalized_path);
+  if (wpath)
+    {
+      /* 不请求读写权限；允许目录，且不使用 OPEN_REPARSE_POINT，以跟随链接和 junction。 */
+      HANDLE handle = CreateFileW (wpath, 0, FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE | FILE_SHARE_DELETE,
+                                   NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS, NULL);
+      if (INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == handle)
+        status = _xy_stat_error (GetLastError ());
+      else
+        {
+          BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION info;
+          if (GetFileInformationByHandle (handle, &info))
+            result = (info.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) ? _XY_Path_Dir : _XY_Path_File;
+          else
+            {
+              status = _xy_stat_error (GetLastError ());
+              SetLastError (ERROR_SUCCESS);
+              DWORD type = GetFileType (handle);
+              /* 磁盘元数据查询失败不能被后续成功的类型查询掩盖。 */
+              if (FILE_TYPE_DISK != type && (FILE_TYPE_UNKNOWN != type || ERROR_SUCCESS == GetLastError ()))
+                {
+                  result = _XY_Path_Other;
+                  status = XY_Stat_Ok;
+                }
+            }
+          CloseHandle (handle);
+        }
+      free (wpath);
+    }
+  else
+    status = XY_Stat_Invalid_Path;
+#else
+  struct stat info;
+  if (0 == stat (normalized_path, &info))
+    {
+      if (S_ISDIR (info.st_mode))
+        result = _XY_Path_Dir;
+      else if (S_ISREG (info.st_mode))
+        result = _XY_Path_File;
+      else
+        result = _XY_Path_Other;
+    }
+  else
+    status = _xy_stat_error (errno);
+#endif
+
+  if (XY_Stat_Not_Found == status || XY_Stat_Not_Directory == status)
+    result = _XY_Path_Missing;
+  if (error)
+    *error = status;
+  free (normalized_path);
   return result;
 }
 
+
 /**
- * @note `xy_file_exist()` 和 `xy_dir_exist()` 两个函数在所有平台默认都支持使用 '~'，
- *       但实现中都没有调用 `xy_normalize_path()`，以防万一，调用前可能需要用户手动调用它
+ * @brief 路径指向的对象是否存在，包括目录、普通文件及 socket 等特殊文件
+ *
+ * @note 先调用 xy_normalize_path()，再跟随符号链接（Windows 上包括 junction）查询目标。
+ *       断链、NULL 或规范化后的空路径返回 false。
+ *       权限不足等查询错误也可能返回 false；需要区分时可直接调用 xy_stat()。
+ *       本函数不保证目标可读、可写或可执行。
  *
  * @memory SAFE
  */
 static bool
-xy_dir_exist (const char *path)
+xy_path_exist (const char *path)
 {
-  char *allocated_dir = NULL;
-  const char *dir = path;
+  enum _XyStat type = xy_stat (path, NULL);
+  return _XY_Path_Error != type && _XY_Path_Missing != type;
+}
 
-  if (xy_str_start_with (path, "~"))
-    {
-      allocated_dir = xy_2strcat (xy_os_home, path + 1);
-      dir = allocated_dir;
-    }
 
-  bool result = xy_path_is_dir (dir);
+/**
+ * @brief 路径指向的对象是否为目录，仅判断类型，不检查目录能否读取或写入
+ *
+ * @param[out] error 可传 NULL；返回 true 时置为 XY_Stat_Ok，否则返回具体的 XyStatError。
+ *
+ * @note 先调用 xy_normalize_path()，再跟随符号链接（Windows 上包括 junction）查询目标。
+ *       不存在、类型不符或查询出错时返回 false；类型和错误信息来自同一次查询。
+ *
+ * @memory SAFE
+ */
+static bool
+xy_stat_is_dir (const char *path, enum XyStatError *error)
+{
+  enum _XyStat type = xy_stat (path, error);
+  if (error && (_XY_Path_File == type || _XY_Path_Other == type))
+    *error = XY_Stat_Not_Directory;
+  return _XY_Path_Dir == type;
+}
+
 
-  if (allocated_dir) free (allocated_dir);
-  return result;
+/**
+ * @brief 路径指向的对象是否为普通文件，仅判断类型，不检查文件能否读取、写入或执行
+ *
+ * @param[out] error 可传 NULL；错误语义同 xy_stat_is_dir()。
+ *
+ * @note 先调用 xy_normalize_path()，再跟随符号链接查询目标。
+ *       目录、socket、FIFO、设备等均不是普通文件。
+ *       不存在、类型不符或查询出错时返回 false；类型和错误信息来自同一次查询。
+ *
+ * @memory SAFE
+ */
+static bool
+xy_stat_is_file (const char *path, enum XyStatError *error)
+{
+  enum _XyStat type = xy_stat (path, error);
+  if (error && (_XY_Path_Dir == type || _XY_Path_Other == type))
+    *error = XY_Stat_Not_File;
+  return _XY_Path_File == type;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief xy_stat_is_file() 的语法糖，判断普通文件是否存在
+ *
+ * @note 一次查询同时确认存在性和类型，先规范化路径并跟随链接；目录和特殊文件返回 false。
+ *       权限不足等查询错误也可能返回 false；需要区分时可使用 xy_stat_is_file() 的 error 参数。
+ *
+ * @memory SAFE
+ */
+static bool
+xy_file_exist (const char *path)
+{
+  return xy_stat_is_file (path, NULL);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief xy_stat_is_dir() 的语法糖，先规范化路径并跟随链接，仅判断目标是否为目录
+ *
+ * @note 权限不足等查询错误也可能返回 false；需要区分时可使用 xy_stat_is_dir() 的 error 参数。
+ *
+ * @memory SAFE
+ */
+static bool
+xy_dir_exist (const char *path)
+{
+  return xy_stat_is_dir (path, NULL);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1620,8 +1795,9 @@ xy_dir_exist (const char *path)
  *   1. 删除路径左右两边多出来的空白符
  *      - 防止通过间接方式得到的路径包含了空白字符 (如 grep 出来的结果)
  *      - 防止维护者多写了空白字符
- *   2. 将 ~ 转换为绝对路径
- *   3. 在Windows上，使用标准的 \ 作为路径分隔符
+ *   2. 将开头的 ~ 转换为当前用户的 HOME/USERPROFILE
+ *   3. Windows 上展开 %NAME% 环境变量
+ *   4. 在Windows上，使用标准的 \ 作为路径分隔符
  *
  * @memory SAFE
  *   return caller-free
@@ -1631,17 +1807,44 @@ xy_normalize_path (const char *path)
 {
   char *new = xy_str_strip (path);
 
-  if (xy_str_start_with (new, "~"))
+  if ('~' == new[0] && ('\0' == new[1] || '/' == new[1] || '\\' == new[1]))
     {
-      char *tmp = xy_str_delete_prefix (new, "~");
-      char *joined = xy_2strcat (xy_os_home, tmp);
-      free (tmp);
-      xy_ptr_replace (&new, joined);
+      const char *home = xy_os_home;
+      if (home)
+        xy_ptr_replace (&new, xy_2strcat (home, new + 1));
     }
 
+#ifdef XY_Build_On_Windows
+  /* '%' 是 ASCII 字符，可直接在 UTF-8 中检查；普通路径无需进行编码转换。 */
+  if (strchr (new, '%'))
+    {
+      wchar_t *wpath = xy_utf8_to_wstr (new);
+      if (wpath)
+        {
+          DWORD needed = ExpandEnvironmentStringsW (wpath, NULL, 0);
+          if (needed > 0)
+            {
+              wchar_t *wexpanded = xy_malloc0 ((size_t) needed * sizeof (wchar_t));
+              DWORD written = ExpandEnvironmentStringsW (wpath, wexpanded, needed);
+              if (written > 0 && written <= needed)
+                {
+                  char *utf8 = xy_wstr_to_utf8 (wexpanded);
+                  if (utf8)
+                    xy_ptr_replace (&new, utf8);
+                }
+              free (wexpanded);
+            }
+          free (wpath);
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+
   if (xy.on_windows)
     {
-      xy_ptr_replace (&new, xy_str_gsub (new, "/", "\\"));
+      /* 分隔符替换不改变长度，直接复用规范化过程分配的缓冲区。 */
+      for (char *p = new; *p; p++)
+        if ('/' == *p)
+          *p = '\\';
     }
   return new;
 }
@@ -1720,29 +1923,24 @@ xy_parent_dir (const char *path)
 void
 _xy_detect_os ()
 {
+#ifdef XY_Build_On_Windows
   /**
-   * 首先判断是否为 Windows
-   *
-   * SystemDrive 为 C:
+   * Windows 原生编译目标 (_WIN32)
+   * 使运行期 xy.on_windows 与编译期 XY_Build_On_Windows 严格等价
    */
-  char *drive = getenv ("SystemDrive");
-  if (drive)
-    {
-      char path[256];
-      /**
-       * C:\Users 目录都可能不存在！
-       * https://github.com/RubyMetric/chsrc/issues/361
-       */
-      snprintf (path, sizeof (path), "%s\\Windows", drive);
-      DIR *d = opendir (path);
-      if (d)
-        {
-          xy.on_windows = true;
-          xy.os_family = "windows";
-          closedir (d);
-          return;
-        }
-    }
+  xy.on_windows = true;
+  xy.os_family = "windows";
+#else
+
+#if defined(__CYGWIN__) || defined(__MSYS__)
+  /**
+   * Cygwin / MSYS2 POSIX 运行时未定义 _WIN32，无 Win32 SDK 头与注册表约定，
+   * 归入 Unix 分支处理
+   */
+  xy.on_linux = true;
+  xy.os_family = "unix";
+  return;
+#endif
 
   /* 判断 Linux */
   FILE *fp = fopen ("/proc/version", "r");
@@ -1796,7 +1994,7 @@ _xy_detect_os ()
     {
       char buf[256];
       fgets (buf, sizeof (buf), fp);
-      pclose (fp);
+      xy_pclose (fp);
       if (strstr (buf, "BSD") != NULL)
         {
           xy.on_bsd = true;
@@ -1818,6 +2016,7 @@ _xy_detect_os ()
 
   if (!(xy.on_windows || xy.on_linux || xy.on_android || xy.on_macos || xy.on_bsd))
     xy_throw ("Unknown operating system");
+#endif
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/framework/OS.c b/src/framework/OS.c
index 23535664..6265e0f7 100644
--- a/src/framework/OS.c
+++ b/src/framework/OS.c
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
  *               | @NewbieXvwu
  *               |
  * Created On    : <2023-08-29>
- * Last Modified : <2026-08-19>
+ * Last Modified : <2026-10-28>
  *
  * chsrc OS operations
  * ------------------------------------------------------------*/
@@ -1227,7 +1227,7 @@ chsrc_get_cpuarch ()
   char *ret;
   char *msg;
 
-#if XY_Build_On_Windows
+#ifdef XY_Build_On_Windows
   SYSTEM_INFO info;
   GetNativeSystemInfo (&info);
   WORD num = info.wProcessorArchitecture;
@@ -1282,7 +1282,7 @@ chsrc_get_cpucore ()
 {
   int cores = 2;
 
-#if XY_Build_On_Windows
+#ifdef XY_Build_On_Windows
   SYSTEM_INFO info;
   GetSystemInfo (&info);
   DWORD num = info.dwNumberOfProcessors;
diff --git a/src/recipe/ware/Nix.c b/src/recipe/ware/Nix.c
index 982b0bef..bfb24281 100644
--- a/src/recipe/ware/Nix.c
+++ b/src/recipe/ware/Nix.c
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ def_dish(wr_nix, "nix");
 bool
 wr_nix_is_multi_user_installation_mode ()
 {
-  if (xy_file_exist ("/nix/var/nix/daemon-socket/socket"))
+  if (xy_path_exist ("/nix/var/nix/daemon-socket/socket"))
     {
      return true;
     }
diff --git a/test/xy.c b/test/xy.c
index 37b3ee98..659c2936 100644
--- a/test/xy.c
+++ b/test/xy.c
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
  * Test Authors  : 曾奥然       <ccmywish@qq.com>
  * Contributors  : Mikachu2333  <linkchou@yandex.com>
  * Created On    : <2023-08-30>
- * Last Modified : <2026-08-13>
+ * Last Modified : <2026-11-11>
  *
  * Test xy.h
  * ------------------------------------------------------------*/
@@ -130,6 +130,81 @@ main (int argc, char const *argv[])
 
   assert (xy_file_exist ("./doc/image/chsrc.png"));
   assert (xy_dir_exist ("~"));
+  assert (!xy_file_exist (NULL));
+  assert (!xy_dir_exist (NULL));
+  assert (!xy_path_exist (NULL));
+  assert (!xy_stat_is_file (NULL, NULL));
+  assert (!xy_stat_is_dir (NULL, NULL));
+
+  enum XyStatError error = XY_Stat_Ok;
+  assert (!xy_stat_is_file (NULL, &error) && XY_Stat_Invalid_Path == error);
+  assert (xy_stat_is_file ("./doc/image/chsrc.png", &error) && XY_Stat_Ok == error);
+  assert (!xy_stat_is_dir (NULL, &error) && XY_Stat_Invalid_Path == error);
+  assert (xy_stat_is_dir ("~", &error) && XY_Stat_Ok == error);
+
+  assert (!xy_stat_is_file ("~", &error) && XY_Stat_Not_File == error);
+  assert (!xy_stat_is_dir ("./doc/image/chsrc.png", &error) && XY_Stat_Not_Directory == error);
+  assert (xy_stat_is_file (" ./doc/image/chsrc.png \t", &error) && XY_Stat_Ok == error);
+  assert (!xy_stat_is_file ("~", NULL));
+  assert (!xy_stat_is_dir ("./doc/image/chsrc.png", NULL));
+
+  assert (!xy_stat_is_file ("", &error) && XY_Stat_Invalid_Path == error);
+  assert (!xy_stat_is_dir ("", &error) && XY_Stat_Invalid_Path == error);
+  assert (!xy_stat_is_file (" \t\n", &error) && XY_Stat_Invalid_Path == error);
+  assert (!xy_stat_is_dir (" \t\n", &error) && XY_Stat_Invalid_Path == error);
+  assert (!xy_stat_is_file ("./doc/image/xy-stat-nonexistent", &error) && XY_Stat_Not_Found == error);
+  assert (!xy_stat_is_dir ("./doc/image/xy-stat-nonexistent", &error) && XY_Stat_Not_Found == error);
+  assert (!xy_stat_is_file ("./doc/image/chsrc.png/missing", &error));
+#ifdef XY_Build_On_Windows
+  assert (XY_Stat_Not_Found == error || XY_Stat_Not_Directory == error);
+#else
+  assert (XY_Stat_Not_Directory == error);
+#endif
+  enum XyStatError component_error = error;
+  assert (!xy_stat_is_dir ("./doc/image/chsrc.png/missing", &error) && component_error == error);
+
+#ifdef XY_Build_On_Windows
+  assert (xy_path_exist ("NUL"));
+  assert (!xy_stat_is_file ("NUL", &error) && XY_Stat_Not_File == error);
+  assert (!xy_stat_is_dir ("NUL", &error) && XY_Stat_Not_Directory == error);
+  assert (!xy_stat_is_file ("invalid<path", &error) && XY_Stat_Invalid_Path == error);
+  assert (!xy_stat_is_dir ("invalid<path", &error) && XY_Stat_Invalid_Path == error);
+  assert (XY_Stat_Access_Denied == _xy_stat_error (ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED));
+  assert (XY_Stat_Link_Loop == _xy_stat_error (ERROR_CANT_RESOLVE_FILENAME));
+  assert (XY_Stat_Name_Too_Long == _xy_stat_error (ERROR_FILENAME_EXCED_RANGE));
+  assert (XY_Stat_IO_Error == _xy_stat_error (ERROR_IO_DEVICE));
+  assert (XY_Stat_Busy == _xy_stat_error (ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION));
+  assert (XY_Stat_Resource_Limit == _xy_stat_error (ERROR_TOO_MANY_OPEN_FILES));
+#else
+  assert (xy_path_exist ("/dev/null"));
+  assert (!xy_stat_is_file ("/dev/null", &error) && XY_Stat_Not_File == error);
+  assert (!xy_stat_is_dir ("/dev/null", &error) && XY_Stat_Not_Directory == error);
+  assert (XY_Stat_Access_Denied == _xy_stat_error (EACCES));
+  assert (XY_Stat_Link_Loop == _xy_stat_error (ELOOP));
+  assert (XY_Stat_Name_Too_Long == _xy_stat_error (ENAMETOOLONG));
+  assert (XY_Stat_IO_Error == _xy_stat_error (EIO));
+  assert (XY_Stat_Busy == _xy_stat_error (EBUSY));
+  assert (XY_Stat_Resource_Limit == _xy_stat_error (EMFILE));
+#endif
+  assert (XY_Stat_Query_Error == _xy_stat_error (ULONG_MAX));
+
+  char *home_path = xy_normalize_path ("~");
+  assert_str (home_path, xy_os_home);
+  free (home_path);
+
+#ifdef XY_Build_On_Windows
+  char *appdata = xy_env_get ("APPDATA");
+  if (appdata)
+    {
+      char *normal_appdata = xy_normalize_path (appdata);
+      char *expanded_appdata = xy_normalize_path ("%APPDATA%");
+      assert_str (expanded_appdata, normal_appdata);
+      assert (xy_dir_exist ("%APPDATA%") == xy_dir_exist (appdata));
+      free (expanded_appdata);
+      free (normal_appdata);
+      free (appdata);
+    }
+#endif
   if (xy.on_windows)
     {
       say (xy_normalize_path ("~"));