diff --git a/surfaces/gui/package-lock.json b/surfaces/gui/package-lock.json
index 56baf1e1..d4eb573b 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/package-lock.json
+++ b/surfaces/gui/package-lock.json
@@ -8,9 +8,11 @@
       "name": "openworker-gui",
       "version": "0.0.0",
       "dependencies": {
+        "i18next": "^26.3.6",
         "pdfjs-dist": "^4.10.38",
         "react": "^18.3.1",
         "react-dom": "^18.3.1",
+        "react-i18next": "^17.0.11",
         "react-markdown": "^10.1.0",
         "remark-gfm": "^4.0.1",
         "simple-icons": "^16.26.0",
@@ -98,6 +100,7 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-RgHBCvtjbOK2gXSNBNIkNoEc9qoVEtau3hj8gEqKQuL3HZAibKarWFEI3Lfm6EYKkLalOh8eSrj9b+ch9H/VBA==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
+      "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "@babel/code-frame": "^7.29.7",
         "@babel/generator": "^7.29.7",
@@ -305,7 +308,6 @@
       "version": "7.29.7",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/runtime/-/runtime-7.29.7.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-Nq8OhGWiZIZGV6hLHoyAKLLcJihP/xFeBMGJoUrxTX2psI8dCifzLhZISFb+VWS3wFMRDmCGw5R+dOySCqPLhw==",
-      "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=6.9.0"
@@ -447,6 +449,7 @@
         }
       ],
       "license": "MIT",
+      "peer": true,
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=18"
       },
@@ -470,6 +473,7 @@
         }
       ],
       "license": "MIT",
+      "peer": true,
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=18"
       }
@@ -1799,6 +1803,7 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-o4PXJQidqJl82ckFaXUeoAW+XysPLauYI43Abki5hABd853iMhitooc6znOnczgbTYmEP6U6/y1ZyKAIsvMKGg==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
+      "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "@babel/code-frame": "^7.10.4",
         "@babel/runtime": "^7.12.5",
@@ -1952,6 +1957,7 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/react/-/react-18.3.30.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-3ek6mwJL5/VBewBcY4S66cqlCtK3qi4WIq37Z0m/NHw1hjhI7274Mx1qz/+ggSzyBCOEf7eHjBN6INjPAWYfYw==",
       "license": "MIT",
+      "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "@types/prop-types": "*",
         "csstype": "^3.2.2"
@@ -1963,6 +1969,7 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-MEe3UeoENYVFXzoXEWsvcpg6ZvlrFNlOQ7EOsvhI3CfAXwzPfO8Qwuxd40nepsYKqyyVQnTdEfv68q91yLcKrQ==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
+      "peer": true,
       "peerDependencies": {
         "@types/react": "^18.0.0"
       }
@@ -2316,6 +2323,7 @@
         }
       ],
       "license": "MIT",
+      "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "baseline-browser-mapping": "^2.10.38",
         "caniuse-lite": "^1.0.30001799",
@@ -3204,6 +3212,15 @@
         "node": ">=18"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/html-parse-stringify": {
+      "version": "4.0.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/html-parse-stringify/-/html-parse-stringify-4.0.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-0zHsZJrK7S3K2aucXWL6ycoYJ/iNtIcFHC/nYQgFklPtrv5LpJctIiSCroWZWeuoXvuyFdzp6KzjJQ+OT5MfFw==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://locize.com"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/html-url-attributes": {
       "version": "3.0.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/html-url-attributes/-/html-url-attributes-3.0.1.tgz",
@@ -3242,6 +3259,35 @@
         "node": ">= 14"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/i18next": {
+      "version": "26.3.6",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/i18next/-/i18next-26.3.6.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Bu5Z2nAXgfVyM8xvW3jk9EKRIuX37PudsrBViThNFx7CR7aaYTpP01cxNB/E4c4UUzTDiAZRstEhsRfPOL/8xA==",
+      "funding": [
+        {
+          "type": "individual",
+          "url": "https://www.locize.com/i18next"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "individual",
+          "url": "https://www.i18next.com/how-to/faq#i18next-is-awesome.-how-can-i-support-the-project"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "individual",
+          "url": "https://www.locize.com"
+        }
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "peer": true,
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "typescript": "^5 || ^6 || ^7"
+      },
+      "peerDependenciesMeta": {
+        "typescript": {
+          "optional": true
+        }
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/iconv-lite": {
       "version": "0.6.3",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/iconv-lite/-/iconv-lite-0.6.3.tgz",
@@ -3392,6 +3438,7 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-/imKNG4EbWNrVjoNC/1H5/9GFy+tqjGBHCaSsN+P2RnPqjsLmv6UD3Ej+Kj8nBWaRAwyk7kK5ZUc+OEatnTR3A==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
+      "peer": true,
       "bin": {
         "jiti": "bin/jiti.js"
       }
@@ -3408,6 +3455,7 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-8i7LzZj7BF8uplX+ZyOlIz86V6TAsSs+np6m1kpW9u0JWi4z/1t+FzcK1aek+ybTnAC4KhBL4uXCNT0wcUIeCw==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
+      "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "cssstyle": "^4.1.0",
         "data-urls": "^5.0.0",
@@ -4713,6 +4761,7 @@
         }
       ],
       "license": "MIT",
+      "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "nanoid": "^3.3.12",
         "picocolors": "^1.1.1",
@@ -4917,6 +4966,7 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/react/-/react-18.3.1.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-wS+hAgJShR0KhEvPJArfuPVN1+Hz1t0Y6n5jLrGQbkb4urgPE/0Rve+1kMB1v/oWgHgm4WIcV+i7F2pTVj+2iQ==",
       "license": "MIT",
+      "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "loose-envify": "^1.1.0"
       },
@@ -4929,6 +4979,7 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/react-dom/-/react-dom-18.3.1.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-5m4nQKp+rZRb09LNH59GM4BxTh9251/ylbKIbpe7TpGxfJ+9kv6BLkLBXIjjspbgbnIBNqlI23tRnTWT0snUIw==",
       "license": "MIT",
+      "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "loose-envify": "^1.1.0",
         "scheduler": "^0.23.2"
@@ -4937,6 +4988,33 @@
         "react": "^18.3.1"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/react-i18next": {
+      "version": "17.0.11",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/react-i18next/-/react-i18next-17.0.11.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-cDtkXgxjuFTWUH6V+aQn1Ve5vDiUztCNPWW5GtSHDccsgRXO1nE6QFWCEmc1KAutrb3OUv87wFShJL5RhUwPXg==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@babel/runtime": "^7.29.2",
+        "html-parse-stringify": "^4.0.1",
+        "use-sync-external-store": "^1.6.0"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "i18next": ">= 26.2.0",
+        "react": ">= 16.8.0",
+        "typescript": "^5 || ^6 || ^7"
+      },
+      "peerDependenciesMeta": {
+        "react-dom": {
+          "optional": true
+        },
+        "react-native": {
+          "optional": true
+        },
+        "typescript": {
+          "optional": true
+        }
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/react-is": {
       "version": "17.0.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/react-is/-/react-is-17.0.2.tgz",
@@ -5481,6 +5559,7 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-QP88BAKvMam/3NxH6vj2o21R6MjxZUAd6nlwAS/pnGvN9IVLocLHxGYIzFhg6fUQ+5th6P4dv4eW9jX3DSIj7A==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
+      "peer": true,
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=12"
       },
@@ -5608,8 +5687,9 @@
       "version": "5.9.3",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/typescript/-/typescript-5.9.3.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-jl1vZzPDinLr9eUt3J/t7V6FgNEw9QjvBPdysz9KfQDD41fQrC2Y4vKQdiaUpFT4bXlb1RHhLpp8wtm6M5TgSw==",
-      "dev": true,
+      "devOptional": true,
       "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "peer": true,
       "bin": {
         "tsc": "bin/tsc",
         "tsserver": "bin/tsserver"
@@ -5736,6 +5816,15 @@
         "browserslist": ">= 4.21.0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/use-sync-external-store": {
+      "version": "1.6.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/use-sync-external-store/-/use-sync-external-store-1.6.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Pp6GSwGP/NrPIrxVFAIkOQeyw8lFenOHijQWkUTrDvrF4ALqylP2C/KCkeS9dpUM3KvYRQhna5vt7IL95+ZQ9w==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "react": "^16.8.0 || ^17.0.0 || ^18.0.0 || ^19.0.0"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/util-deprecate": {
       "version": "1.0.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/util-deprecate/-/util-deprecate-1.0.2.tgz",
@@ -5777,6 +5866,7 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-o5a9xKjbtuhY6Bi5S3+HvbRERmouabWbyUcpXXUA1u+GNUKoROi9byOJ8M0nHbHYHkYICiMlqxkg1KkYmm25Sw==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
+      "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "esbuild": "^0.21.3",
         "postcss": "^8.4.43",
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/package.json b/surfaces/gui/package.json
index c909514d..aeceff89 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/package.json
+++ b/surfaces/gui/package.json
@@ -14,9 +14,11 @@
     "tauri": "tauri"
   },
   "dependencies": {
+    "i18next": "^26.3.6",
     "pdfjs-dist": "^4.10.38",
     "react": "^18.3.1",
     "react-dom": "^18.3.1",
+    "react-i18next": "^17.0.11",
     "react-markdown": "^10.1.0",
     "remark-gfm": "^4.0.1",
     "simple-icons": "^16.26.0",
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/App.tsx b/surfaces/gui/src/App.tsx
index d18825cf..e81039e9 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/src/App.tsx
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/App.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useCallback, useEffect, useRef, useState, type PointerEvent } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import {
   announceInboxUnlock,
   finalizeAutomationRun,
@@ -69,12 +70,6 @@ import { WorkspaceTrustPrompt } from "./components/WorkspaceTrustPrompt";
 const newId = () =>
   (crypto as any).randomUUID ? crypto.randomUUID().slice(0, 12) : Math.random().toString(36).slice(2, 14);
 
-const SUGGESTIONS = [
-  { ico: "⚙", text: "Run the test suite and summarize any failures." },
-  { ico: "✦", text: "Read the project and give me a 5-bullet overview." },
-  { ico: "↻", text: "Find and fix the failing build." },
-];
-
 // Tools whose success means a new/changed file should show up under Artifacts right away.
 const FILE_WRITE_TOOLS = new Set(["write_file", "apply_patch", "apply_unified_diff", "replace_in_file"]);
 
@@ -153,6 +148,12 @@ function fallbackWorkspace(current: string | null, projects: RecentWorkspace[]):
 }
 
 export function App() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const SUGGESTIONS = [
+    { ico: "⚙", text: t("app.suggestion1") },
+    { ico: "✦", text: t("app.suggestion2") },
+    { ico: "↻", text: t("app.suggestion3") },
+  ];
   const [workspace, setWorkspace] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const [branch, setBranch] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const [showGate, setShowGate] = useState(false);
@@ -717,13 +718,13 @@ export function App() {
           break;
         case "turn_end":
           if (d.status === "max_iterations_exceeded")
-            setItems((p) => [...p, { kind: "notice", tone: "warn", text: "Stopped: max iterations reached." }]);
+            setItems((p) => [...p, { kind: "notice", tone: "warn", text: t("app.maxIterations") }]);
           break;
         case "model_changed":
           // Mid-session switch (server-applied): update the header fact and drop the
           // persisted marker into the live transcript (replay renders it from history).
           if (d.model) setModel(d.model);
-          setItems((p) => [...p, { kind: "notice", tone: "info", text: d.text || "Model switched" }]);
+          setItems((p) => [...p, { kind: "notice", tone: "info", text: d.text || t("app.modelSwitched") }]);
           break;
         case "compacting":
           setCompacting(true);
@@ -731,23 +732,23 @@ export function App() {
         case "compacted":
           // Auto-compaction marker (OPE-27): outbound-only — the transcript stays intact,
           // this divider just shows where the model's memory was summarized.
-          setItems((p) => [...p, { kind: "notice", tone: "info", text: d.text || "Context compacted" }]);
+          setItems((p) => [...p, { kind: "notice", tone: "info", text: d.text || t("app.contextCompacted") }]);
           break;
         case "interrupted":
           flushPartialStream();
-          setItems((p) => [...p, { kind: "notice", tone: "warn", text: "Interrupted." }]);
+          setItems((p) => [...p, { kind: "notice", tone: "warn", text: t("app.interrupted") }]);
           break;
         case "error":
           flushPartialStream();
           setItems((p) => [
             ...p,
-            { kind: "notice", tone: "warn", text: "Error: " + (d.error || "unknown"), retriable: true },
+            { kind: "notice", tone: "warn", text: t("error.generic", { error: d.error || t("common.unknown") }), retriable: true },
           ]);
           break;
         case "input_rejected":
           setItems((p) => [
             ...p,
-            { kind: "notice", tone: "warn", text: d.error || "That message was rejected." },
+            { kind: "notice", tone: "warn", text: d.error || t("app.inputRejected") },
           ]);
           break;
         case "turn_done":
@@ -958,7 +959,7 @@ export function App() {
       if (msg.type !== "automation_run_started") return;
       const d = (msg.data ?? {}) as Record<string, string>;
       setRunToast({
-        title: d.task_title || "Automation",
+        title: d.task_title || t("app.automation"),
         sessionId: d.session_id || "",
         workspace: d.workspace || "",
         agent: d.agent || "cowork",
@@ -1163,7 +1164,7 @@ export function App() {
   const subtitleParts = [modelDisplay];
   if (isProjectScoped(personaOf(agent)) && workspace) subtitleParts.push(baseName(workspace));
   const activeInfo = sessions.find((s) => s.session_id === sessionId);
-  const activeTitle = activeInfo?.title || "New session";
+  const activeTitle = activeInfo?.title || t("session.new");
 
   const desktop = isTauri();
   // Dev-only: `?overlay=1` simulates the desktop overlay layout in the browser (adds the
@@ -1187,7 +1188,7 @@ export function App() {
         {overlay && (
           <div className="titlebar-drag" data-tauri-drag-region>
             <span className="titlebar-brand brand-wordmark">
-              <Icon name="logo" size={13} className="mark" /> OpenWorker<span className="beta-tag">BETA</span>
+              <Icon name="logo" size={13} className="mark" /> OpenWorker<span className="beta-tag">{t("app.beta")}</span>
             </span>
           </div>
         )}
@@ -1202,8 +1203,8 @@ export function App() {
           <Icon name="logo" size={38} />
         </div>
         <div className="boot-text">
-          {resumedExisting ? "Restoring your session…" : "Starting OpenWorker…"}
-          <span className="beta-tag">BETA</span>
+          {resumedExisting ? t("app.restoring") : t("app.starting")}
+          <span className="beta-tag">{t("app.beta")}</span>
         </div>
       </div>
     );
@@ -1235,10 +1236,10 @@ export function App() {
         >
           <div className="flex items-center gap-2 text-[12.5px] font-semibold">
             <span className="w-[7px] h-[7px] rounded-full bg-faint toast-pulse" />
-            Automation started
+            {t("app.automationStarted")}
           </div>
           <div className="text-[12.5px] text-muted mt-0.5 ml-[15px] truncate">
-            {runToast.title} · {runToast.time} run
+            {t("app.automationToastSub", { title: runToast.title, time: runToast.time })}
           </div>
           <div className="flex items-center justify-between ml-[15px] mt-1.5">
             <button
@@ -1249,12 +1250,12 @@ export function App() {
                 setRunToast(null);
               }}
             >
-              View run ›
+              {t("app.viewRun")}
             </button>
             <button
               className="text-[12px] text-faint px-0.5"
               data-testid="toast-dismiss"
-              title="Dismiss"
+              title={t("app.dismiss")}
               onClick={() => setRunToast(null)}
             >
               ✕
@@ -1281,8 +1282,8 @@ export function App() {
           className="nav-reveal-btn"
           onClick={toggleNav}
           onMouseEnter={() => setNavPeek(true)}
-          title="Show sidebar (⌘B)"
-          aria-label="Show sidebar"
+          title={t("app.showSidebarShortcut")}
+          aria-label={t("app.showSidebar")}
         >
           <Icon name="sidebar" size={16} />
         </button>
@@ -1364,8 +1365,8 @@ export function App() {
             startNewSession();
             prefillComposer(
               description
-                ? `Build a new skill for me: ${description}`
-                : "Build a new skill for me: (describe what the skill should do)",
+                ? t("skills.buildForMe", { description })
+                : t("skills.buildForMeEmpty"),
             );
           }}
         />
@@ -1397,24 +1398,24 @@ export function App() {
                 <button
                   className="topbar-icon-btn"
                   onClick={toggleNav}
-                  aria-label="Show sidebar"
-                  title="Show sidebar (⌘B)"
+                  aria-label={t("app.showSidebar")}
+                  title={t("app.showSidebarShortcut")}
                 >
                   <Icon name="sidebar" size={16} />
                 </button>
                 <button
                   className="topbar-icon-btn"
                   onClick={() => startNewSession()}
-                  aria-label="New session"
-                  title="New session"
+                  aria-label={t("session.new")}
+                  title={t("session.new")}
                 >
                   <Icon name="plus" size={16} />
                 </button>
                 <button
                   className="topbar-icon-btn"
                   onClick={() => setSearchOpen(true)}
-                  aria-label="Search"
-                  title="Search"
+                  aria-label={t("common.search")}
+                  title={t("common.search")}
                 >
                   <Icon name="search" size={16} />
                 </button>
@@ -1450,10 +1451,10 @@ export function App() {
                 className="topbar-artifacts-btn"
                 onMouseDown={(e) => e.stopPropagation()}
                 onClick={() => setRailHidden(false)}
-                title="Show files this conversation produced"
+                title={t("app.showFiles")}
               >
                 <Icon name="file" size={14} />
-                <span>Artifacts</span>
+                <span>{t("app.artifacts")}</span>
                 <span className="topbar-artifacts-count">{artifactCount}</span>
               </button>
             )}
@@ -1464,8 +1465,8 @@ export function App() {
                 className="topbar-icon-btn"
                 onMouseDown={(e) => e.stopPropagation()}
                 onClick={() => setRailHidden((h) => !h)}
-                aria-label={railHidden ? "Show side panel" : "Hide side panel"}
-                title={railHidden ? "Show side panel" : "Hide side panel"}
+                aria-label={railHidden ? t("app.showSidePanel") : t("app.hideSidePanel")}
+                title={railHidden ? t("app.showSidePanel") : t("app.hideSidePanel")}
               >
                 <Icon name="sidebarRight" size={16} />
               </button>
@@ -1485,14 +1486,14 @@ export function App() {
               >
                 <Icon name="clock" size={14} className="text-accent shrink-0" />
                 <span className="truncate text-muted">
-                  Scheduled run
+                  {t("app.scheduledRun")}
                   {runContext?.title ? (
                     <>
                       {" — "}
                       <span className="text-ink font-medium">{runContext.title}</span>
                     </>
                   ) : null}{" "}
-                  · started by an automation
+                  {t("app.startedByAutomation")}
                 </span>
                 <button
                   className="ml-auto shrink-0 text-accent font-medium hover:underline"
@@ -1501,7 +1502,7 @@ export function App() {
                     setSurface("scheduled");
                   }}
                 >
-                  ← Back to runs
+                  {t("app.backToRuns")}
                 </button>
               </div>
             )}
@@ -1517,11 +1518,11 @@ export function App() {
                   <div className="hero">
                     <h1 className="greeting">
                       <span className="mark">✦</span>
-                      {agent === "chat" ? "How can I help?" : "Let's build something."}
+                      {agent === "chat" ? t("app.howCanIHelp") : t("app.letsBuild")}
                     </h1>
                     {needsWorkspace(agent) && (
                       <div className="suggestions">
-                        <div className="suggest-head">Try a task</div>
+                        <div className="suggest-head">{t("app.tryTask")}</div>
                         {SUGGESTIONS.map((s, i) => (
                           <div className="suggest" key={i} onClick={() => workspace && send(s.text)}>
                             <span className="ico">{s.ico}</span>
@@ -1554,7 +1555,7 @@ export function App() {
                   )}
                   {/* Compaction runs between provider turns (nothing streams during it), so
                       the transient takes over the waiting slot with a specific label. */}
-                  {running && compacting && <WaitingForAgent label="Compacting context…" />}
+                  {running && compacting && <WaitingForAgent label={t("app.compacting")} />}
                   {running &&
                     !compacting &&
                     !reasoningStream &&
@@ -1563,7 +1564,7 @@ export function App() {
                   {streaming && streamMode(streaming, items, running) === "answer" && (
                     <div className="transcript">
                       <div className="bubble-assistant">
-                        <div className="who">assistant</div>
+                        <div className="who">{t("app.assistant")}</div>
                         <Markdown text={streaming} />
                         <span className="stream-cursor">▍</span>
                       </div>
@@ -1584,7 +1585,7 @@ export function App() {
                   onClick={followLatest}
                 >
                   <Icon name="chevronDown" size={13} />
-                  Jump to latest
+                  {t("app.jumpToLatest")}
                 </button>
               </div>
             )}
@@ -1614,10 +1615,10 @@ export function App() {
               contextBar={contextBar}
               placeholder={
                 agent === "code"
-                  ? "Ask the coder to build, fix, or explain…  (drop or paste files)"
+                  ? t("app.placeholderCode")
                   : agent === "chat"
-                    ? "Ask anything…  (drop or paste files)"
-                    : "Ask the coworker…  (drop or paste files)"
+                    ? t("app.placeholderChat")
+                    : t("app.placeholderCowork")
               }
               approvalSlot={
                 // Live inline cards are for ATTENDED sessions only; when Unattended the prompt is
@@ -1725,11 +1726,12 @@ function lastItemIsAssistant(items: Item[]): boolean {
 }
 
 function WaitingForAgent({ label }: { label?: string }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   return (
     <div className="waiting-transcript">
       <div className="waiting-row" aria-live="polite">
         <span className="waiting-spinner" />
-        <span>{label || "Waiting for agent..."}</span>
+        <span>{label || t("app.waitingForAgent")}</span>
       </div>
     </div>
   );
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/components/AccessSection.tsx b/surfaces/gui/src/components/AccessSection.tsx
index 15faa6db..62dbf25b 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/src/components/AccessSection.tsx
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/components/AccessSection.tsx
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 // to expand it and scroll it into view.
 
 import { useCallback, useEffect, useRef, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import {
   CLOUD_CHANGED,
   getCloudStatus,
@@ -69,6 +70,7 @@ export function AccessSection({
   openKey?: number;
   onOpenIntegrations?: () => void;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [open, setOpen] = useState(false);
   const [conns, setConns] = useState<SessionConnections | null>(null);
   const [byName, setByName] = useState<ConnectorMap>({});
@@ -130,10 +132,10 @@ export function AccessSection({
     // listen for the sign-in broadcast so the pane flips the moment login lands.
     const load = () => getCloudStatus().then(setCloud).catch(() => {});
     load();
-    const t = setInterval(load, 5000);
+    const iv = setInterval(load, 5000);
     window.addEventListener(CLOUD_CHANGED, load);
     return () => {
-      clearInterval(t);
+      clearInterval(iv);
       window.removeEventListener(CLOUD_CHANGED, load);
     };
     // eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
@@ -173,7 +175,7 @@ export function AccessSection({
     const channel = raw.includes(":") || raw.startsWith("#") ? raw : `${channelsFor}:${raw}`;
     const r = await subscribeChannel(sessionId, channel);
     if (!r.ok) {
-      setAddErr(r.error || "Couldn't add that channel.");
+      setAddErr(r.error || t("access.couldNotAddChannel"));
       return;
     }
     setAddErr(null);
@@ -212,14 +214,14 @@ export function AccessSection({
   const names = live.map((c) => labelFor(c.connector, byName));
   const sourcesPart =
     names.length === 0
-      ? "no sources"
+      ? t("access.noSources")
       : names.length <= 2
         ? names.join(", ")
         : `${names.slice(0, 2).join(", ")} +${names.length - 2}`;
   const folderPart = projectScoped
     ? baseName(workspace || roots.find((r) => r.primary)?.path || "") || null
     : roots.length > 0
-      ? `${roots.length} folder${roots.length === 1 ? "" : "s"}`
+      ? t("access.folderCount", { count: roots.length })
       : null;
   const summary = [sourcesPart, folderPart].filter(Boolean).join(" · ");
 
@@ -228,7 +230,7 @@ export function AccessSection({
       <div className="rail-section-head">
         <button className="rail-section-toggle" onClick={() => setOpen((v) => !v)} data-testid="access-toggle">
           <Icon name={open ? "chevronDown" : "chevronRight"} size={14} className="rail-chev" />
-          <span>Access</span>
+          <span>{t("access.title")}</span>
           <span
             className="ml-auto min-w-0 truncate text-[11px] font-normal text-faint"
             data-testid="access-summary"
@@ -239,7 +241,7 @@ export function AccessSection({
         </button>
       </div>
       {open && (
-        <div className="rail-section-body" role="region" aria-label="Session access">
+        <div className="rail-section-body" role="region" aria-label={t("access.sessionAccess")}>
           {connectFor ? (
             <ConnectInline
               c={connectFor}
@@ -282,10 +284,10 @@ export function AccessSection({
             <div className="space-y-4">
               {/* Sources — each toggle is a per-session override (mute for THIS session only). */}
               <div>
-                <div className={`${SEC_H} mb-1.5`}>Sources</div>
+                <div className={`${SEC_H} mb-1.5`}>{t("access.sources")}</div>
                 {connected.length === 0 && (
                   <div className="text-[12px] text-faint py-0.5">
-                    No connectors enabled for this session.
+                    {t("access.noConnectors")}
                   </div>
                 )}
                 <div className="space-y-1">
@@ -305,7 +307,7 @@ export function AccessSection({
                               setChannelsFor(c.connector);
                             }}
                           >
-                            Channels · {channelsOf(c.connector).length}
+                            {t("access.channelsCount", { count: channelsOf(c.connector).length })}
                             <Icon name="chevronRight" size={10} />
                           </button>
                         )}
@@ -313,14 +315,15 @@ export function AccessSection({
                       <Toggle
                         checked={c.enabled}
                         onChange={(next) => toggleSession(c.connector, next)}
-                        title="Enabled for this session — tap to mute here"
+                        title={t("access.enabledForSession")}
                       />
                     </div>
                   ))}
                 </div>
                 {connected.length > 0 && (
                   <p className="text-[10.5px] text-faint mt-1 leading-snug">
-                    Off mutes it for <b>this session only</b> — the connector stays connected.
+                    {t("access.offMutesPrefix")} <b>{t("access.thisSessionOnly")}</b>
+                    {t("access.offMutesSuffix")}
                   </p>
                 )}
                 {/* §32 addendum (owner ask 2026-07-13; FB-012): the catalog's long tail,
@@ -330,7 +333,7 @@ export function AccessSection({
                   <div className="mt-1.5">
                     <input
                       className="w-full px-2.5 py-1.5 rounded-lg border border-line bg-panel text-[12.5px] outline-none focus:border-accent"
-                      placeholder="Search connectors…"
+                      placeholder={t("access.searchConnectors")}
                       value={query}
                       onChange={(e) => setQuery(e.target.value)}
                       onKeyDown={(e) => {
@@ -346,7 +349,7 @@ export function AccessSection({
                       // Also covers a failed/empty catalog fetch: an open picker must never
                       // be silently blank — point at the Connectors page either way.
                       <div className="text-[11.5px] text-faint mt-1.5 px-0.5">
-                        No match — see all on the Connectors page below.
+                        {t("access.noMatch")}
                       </div>
                     )}
                     <div className="mt-1 max-h-64 overflow-y-auto">
@@ -380,7 +383,7 @@ export function AccessSection({
                     onClick={() => setAdding(true)}
                     data-testid="access-add-source"
                   >
-                    + Add a source…
+                    {t("access.addSource")}
                   </button>
                 )}
                 {/* Lives with its list (tester ask 2026-07-26): each group's manage link sits
@@ -389,13 +392,13 @@ export function AccessSection({
                   className="mt-1.5 block text-[12px] text-accent font-medium hover:underline text-left"
                   onClick={() => onOpenIntegrations?.()}
                 >
-                  Manage all connectors (global) →
+                  {t("access.manageAllConnectors")}
                 </button>
               </div>
 
               {recommended.length > 0 && (
                 <div>
-                  <div className={`${SEC_H} mb-1.5`}>Recommended</div>
+                  <div className={`${SEC_H} mb-1.5`}>{t("access.recommended")}</div>
                   <div className="space-y-1">
                     {recommended.map((r) => (
                       <div className="flex items-center gap-2 py-1" key={r.connector}>
@@ -403,7 +406,7 @@ export function AccessSection({
                         <div className="min-w-0 flex-1">
                           <div className="flex items-center gap-1.5 text-[12.5px] font-medium leading-tight">
                             <span className="truncate">{labelFor(r.connector, byName)}</span>
-                            {r.tier === "core" && <span className={TAG_CORE}>core</span>}
+                            {r.tier === "core" && <span className={TAG_CORE}>{t("access.core")}</span>}
                           </div>
                           <div className="text-[11px] text-faint truncate" title={r.reason}>
                             {r.reason}
@@ -419,7 +422,7 @@ export function AccessSection({
                             else onOpenIntegrations?.();
                           }}
                         >
-                          Connect
+                          {t("access.connect")}
                         </button>
                       </div>
                     ))}
@@ -431,7 +434,7 @@ export function AccessSection({
                   a quiet "+" link, structurally identical to Sources (owner ask 2026-07-13:
                   the old drawer's card wrapper read too heavy in the rail). */}
               <div data-testid="drawer-directories">
-                <div className={`${SEC_H} mb-1.5`}>Folders</div>
+                <div className={`${SEC_H} mb-1.5`}>{t("access.folders")}</div>
                 <div className="-mx-1.5">
                   {roots.map((r) => (
                     <RootRow
@@ -459,7 +462,7 @@ export function AccessSection({
                     className="mt-1 text-[12px] text-accent hover:underline text-left"
                     onClick={() => setAddingFolder(true)}
                   >
-                    + Give access to a folder…
+                    {t("access.giveAccessFolder")}
                   </button>
                 )}
                 {rootsError && <div className="roots-err">{rootsError}</div>}
@@ -486,8 +489,9 @@ function ConnectInline({
   onDone: () => void;
   onBack: () => void;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   useEffect(() => {
-    const t = setInterval(async () => {
+    const iv = setInterval(async () => {
       try {
         const list = await getConnectors();
         if (list.find((x) => x.name === c.name)?.connected) onDone();
@@ -495,7 +499,7 @@ function ConnectInline({
         /* poll again */
       }
     }, 2500);
-    return () => clearInterval(t);
+    return () => clearInterval(iv);
   }, [c.name, onDone]);
 
   return (
@@ -503,9 +507,9 @@ function ConnectInline({
       <button
         className="inline-flex items-center gap-1 text-[12px] text-faint hover:text-ink mb-2"
         onClick={onBack}
-        aria-label="Back to sources"
+        aria-label={t("access.backToSources")}
       >
-        <Icon name="arrowLeft" size={13} /> Connect {c.title}
+        <Icon name="arrowLeft" size={13} /> {t("access.connectTitle", { title: c.title })}
       </button>
       {c.blurb && <p className="text-[12px] text-muted mb-1 leading-relaxed">{c.blurb}</p>}
       <div className="-mx-2">
@@ -514,8 +518,7 @@ function ConnectInline({
       {/* Scope semantics, stated once (owner ask 2026-07-13): connecting is account-level,
           the toggle above is what scopes it to a session. */}
       <p className="text-[10.5px] text-faint mt-2 leading-snug">
-        Connecting makes {c.title} available to all your coworkers — the toggle in this list
-        controls just this session.
+        {t("access.connectingMakes", { title: c.title })}
       </p>
     </div>
   );
@@ -544,19 +547,20 @@ function ChannelsInline({
   onRemove: (channel: string) => void;
   onBack: () => void;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   return (
     <div>
       <button
         className="inline-flex items-center gap-1 text-[12px] text-faint hover:text-ink mb-2"
         onClick={onBack}
-        aria-label="Back to sources"
+        aria-label={t("access.backToSources")}
       >
-        <Icon name="arrowLeft" size={13} /> {label} channels
+        <Icon name="arrowLeft" size={13} /> {t("access.channelsLabel", { label })}
       </button>
-      <div className={`${SEC_H} mb-1.5`}>Subscribed channels · {channels.length}</div>
+      <div className={`${SEC_H} mb-1.5`}>{t("access.subscribedChannels", { count: channels.length })}</div>
       {channels.length === 0 ? (
         <div className="text-[12px] text-faint py-0.5">
-          Not listening to any {label} channel yet.
+          {t("access.notListening", { label })}
         </div>
       ) : (
         <div className="space-y-1">
@@ -569,14 +573,14 @@ function ChannelsInline({
               {s.collision && (
                 <span
                   className="text-[10.5px] text-warnInk bg-warnSoft/70 border border-warnInk/15 rounded px-1 shrink-0"
-                  title="This channel is also this session's Inbox-routing target — inbound and outbound collide."
+                  title={t("access.collisionWarning")}
                 >
                   ⚠
                 </span>
               )}
               <button
                 className="w-5 h-5 grid place-items-center text-faint hover:text-danger shrink-0"
-                title="Stop listening"
+                title={t("access.stopListening")}
                 onClick={() => onRemove(s.channel)}
               >
                 ×
@@ -585,11 +589,11 @@ function ChannelsInline({
           ))}
         </div>
       )}
-      <div className={`${SEC_H} mt-3 mb-1.5`}>Add a channel</div>
+      <div className={`${SEC_H} mt-3 mb-1.5`}>{t("access.addChannel")}</div>
       <div className="flex items-center gap-1.5">
         <ChannelPicker value={draft} onChange={onDraft} recent={recent} onSubmit={onAdd} />
         <button className={BTN_ACCENT} disabled={!draft.trim()} onClick={onAdd}>
-          Add
+          {t("access.addChannelBtn")}
         </button>
       </div>
       {error && (
@@ -598,8 +602,7 @@ function ChannelsInline({
         </p>
       )}
       <p className="text-[10.5px] text-faint mt-1.5 leading-snug">
-        The agent receives messages posted to these channels. Removing one stops this session
-        from listening — the connector stays connected.
+        {t("access.channelHelp")}
       </p>
     </div>
   );
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/components/AddFolderForm.tsx b/surfaces/gui/src/components/AddFolderForm.tsx
index b7159a95..f4a1c94e 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/src/components/AddFolderForm.tsx
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/components/AddFolderForm.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import { chooseFolder } from "../tauri";
 import { Icon } from "./Icon";
 
@@ -20,6 +21,7 @@ export function AddFolderForm({
   startOpen?: boolean;
   onDismiss?: () => void;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [open, setOpen] = useState(!!startOpen);
   const [path, setPath] = useState("");
   const [writable, setWritable] = useState(false);
@@ -45,7 +47,7 @@ export function AddFolderForm({
   if (!open) {
     return (
       <button className={"addfolder-trigger" + (compact ? " compact" : "")} onClick={() => setOpen(true)}>
-        <Icon name="folderPlus" size={15} /> Give access to a folder
+        <Icon name="folderPlus" size={15} /> {t("addFolder.giveAccess")}
       </button>
     );
   }
@@ -56,7 +58,7 @@ export function AddFolderForm({
         <input
           className="addfolder-path"
           autoFocus
-          placeholder="Choose or paste a folder path…"
+          placeholder={t("dirReq.chooseOrPaste")}
           value={path}
           spellCheck={false}
           onChange={(e) => setPath(e.target.value)}
@@ -65,21 +67,21 @@ export function AddFolderForm({
             else if (e.key === "Escape") reset();
           }}
         />
-        <button className="btn icon-only" onClick={browse} title="Choose location" aria-label="Choose location">
+        <button className="btn icon-only" onClick={browse} title={t("dirReq.chooseLocation")} aria-label={t("dirReq.chooseLocation")}>
           <Icon name="folder" size={15} />
         </button>
       </div>
       <div className="addfolder-actions">
-        <label className="addfolder-write" title="Off = read-only. Tick to let the agent write here.">
+        <label className="addfolder-write" title={t("addFolder.writeHelp")}>
           <input type="checkbox" checked={writable} onChange={(e) => setWritable(e.target.checked)} />
-          Allow writes
+          {t("addFolder.allowWrites")}
         </label>
         <span className="spacer" />
         <button className="btn" onClick={reset}>
-          Cancel
+          {t("common.cancel")}
         </button>
         <button className="btn primary" disabled={busy || !path.trim()} onClick={submit}>
-          Add
+          {t("addFolder.add")}
         </button>
       </div>
     </div>
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/components/ApprovalCard.tsx b/surfaces/gui/src/components/ApprovalCard.tsx
index 8f2f2541..13bbde8f 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/src/components/ApprovalCard.tsx
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/components/ApprovalCard.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import type { ApprovalDecision, Item } from "../types";
 import { humanizeApprovalTitle, type HumanLine } from "../humanize";
 import { Icon } from "./Icon";
@@ -16,13 +17,13 @@ export function shortArgs(args: any): string {
 
 // Human verbs kept for the §25 grant lines (the card title now comes from humanize.ts).
 const TOOL_VERBS: Record<string, string> = {
-  write_file: "Write a file",
-  replace_in_file: "Edit a file",
-  apply_patch: "Apply a patch",
-  apply_unified_diff: "Apply a patch",
-  run_shell: "Run a command",
-  send_message: "Send a message",
-  send_file: "Send a file",
+  write_file: "approval.writeFile",
+  replace_in_file: "approval.editFile",
+  apply_patch: "approval.applyPatch",
+  apply_unified_diff: "approval.applyPatch",
+  run_shell: "approval.runCommand",
+  send_message: "approval.sendMessage",
+  send_file: "approval.sendFile",
 };
 
 // §35: routine workspace writes render as a compact ROW; everything else is a full card.
@@ -34,10 +35,13 @@ type ApprovalItem = Extract<Item, { kind: "approval" }>;
 
 // Per-tool button copy (§7): a skill proposal is an "add", not an "allow". Shared with the
 // parked Inbox card so both dialects match.
-export function approvalActionLabels(name?: string): { allow: string; deny: string } {
+export function approvalActionLabels(
+  t: (key: string, opts?: Record<string, unknown>) => string,
+  name?: string,
+): { allow: string; deny: string } {
   return name === "save_skill"
-    ? { allow: "Add to my skills", deny: "Not now" }
-    : { allow: "Allow once", deny: "Deny" };
+    ? { allow: t("approval.addToMySkills"), deny: t("approval.notNow") }
+    : { allow: t("approval.allowOnce"), deny: t("approval.deny") };
 }
 
 // save_skill's review surface (SKILLS-SPEC §5.2): description, the full instructions
@@ -45,6 +49,7 @@ export function approvalActionLabels(name?: string): { allow: string; deny: stri
 // answers "added WHERE, available WHEN". Shared verbatim with the parked Inbox card —
 // one decision, one dialect.
 export function SaveSkillPreview({ args }: { args: any }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   return (
     <>
       {args?.description && <div className="approval-with">{String(args.description)}</div>}
@@ -61,10 +66,7 @@ export function SaveSkillPreview({ args }: { args: any }) {
           ))}
         </div>
       )}
-      <div className="approval-with">
-        Approving adds it to your skills on this computer — usable in every conversation from
-        then on.
-      </div>
+      <div className="approval-with">{t("approval.addToSkillsNote")}</div>
     </>
   );
 }
@@ -98,21 +100,30 @@ export function TitleText({ line }: { line: HumanLine }) {
 // Plain-words scope note (replaces the "local action" badge): where does this act?
 // Shared with the parked-approval card (InboxItemCard) so both dialects match (§35).
 export function scopeNote(
+  t: (key: string, opts?: Record<string, unknown>) => string,
   name: string,
   args: any,
   category?: string,
 ): { text: string; external: boolean } {
   // save_skill's corner answers WHERE (SKILLS-SPEC §5.2): the exact place to find, edit,
   // or turn off the skill afterwards.
-  if (name === "save_skill") return { text: "saves to Settings ▸ Skills", external: false };
-  if (category === "connector") return { text: "acts on a connected service", external: true };
+  if (name === "save_skill") return { text: t("approval.savesToSkills"), external: false };
+  if (category === "connector") return { text: t("approval.actsOnConnectedService"), external: true };
   if (EXTERNAL.has(name)) {
     const platform = String(args?.target ?? "").split(":")[0];
     const names: Record<string, string> = { slack: "Slack", telegram: "Telegram" };
-    return { text: `leaves this computer → ${names[platform] || platform || "a connected chat"}`, external: true };
+    return {
+      text: t("approval.leavesMac", {
+        platform: names[platform] || platform || t("approval.connectedChat"),
+      }),
+      external: true,
+    };
   }
   const overwrite = name === "write_file" && args?.overwrite;
-  return { text: "stays on this computer" + (overwrite ? " · overwrites the existing file" : ""), external: false };
+  return {
+    text: t("approval.staysOnMac") + (overwrite ? t("approval.overwriteExisting") : ""),
+    external: false,
+  };
 }
 
 // The proposed content/command, straight from the tool call's ARGS — the file/action
@@ -123,6 +134,7 @@ const PREVIEW_LINES = 5;
 const PREVIEW_CHARS = 420;
 
 export function PreviewBlock({ text, mono = true }: { text: string; mono?: boolean }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [all, setAll] = useState(false);
   const lines = text.split("\n");
   const clipped = lines.length > PREVIEW_LINES || text.length > PREVIEW_CHARS;
@@ -137,10 +149,10 @@ export function PreviewBlock({ text, mono = true }: { text: string; mono?: boole
       {clipped && (
         <button className="approval-prev-more" onClick={() => setAll((v) => !v)}>
           {all
-            ? "show less"
+            ? t("approval.showLess")
             : lines.length > PREVIEW_LINES
-              ? `show all ${lines.length} lines`
-              : "show the full message"}
+              ? t("approval.showAllLines", { count: lines.length })
+              : t("approval.showFullMessage")}
         </button>
       )}
     </div>
@@ -165,7 +177,7 @@ function Buttons({
   onApprove,
   runTask,
   primaryLabel,
-  denyLabel = "Deny",
+  denyLabel,
 }: {
   item: ApprovalItem;
   onApprove: (decision: ApprovalDecision) => void;
@@ -173,6 +185,7 @@ function Buttons({
   primaryLabel: string;
   denyLabel?: string;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const connector = item.category === "connector";
   const offerStanding = !!(runTask && item.standingTarget);
   return (
@@ -183,10 +196,14 @@ function Buttons({
       {offerStanding && (
         <button
           className="btn"
-          title={`Always allow ${item.name} → ${item.standingTarget} for “${runTask?.title || "this automation"}” — revoke any time on its Automations page`}
+          title={t("approval.alwaysAllowTitle", {
+            name: item.name,
+            target: item.standingTarget,
+            title: runTask?.title || t("approval.thisAutomation"),
+          })}
           onClick={() => onApprove("always_task")}
         >
-          Allow every time
+          {t("approval.allowEveryTime")}
         </button>
       )}
       {/* In a run context the task-persistent grant replaces the session-scoped one —
@@ -199,20 +216,22 @@ function Buttons({
       {!connector && !offerStanding && item.name !== "run_shell" && item.name !== "save_skill" && (
         <button
           className="btn"
-          title={`Always allow ${TOOL_VERBS[item.name]?.toLowerCase() || item.name} for this session`}
+          title={t("approval.alwaysAllowToolTitle", {
+            verb: TOOL_VERBS[item.name] ? t(TOOL_VERBS[item.name]).toLowerCase() : item.name,
+          })}
           onClick={() => onApprove("always_tool")}
         >
-          Always allow
+          {t("approval.alwaysAllow")}
         </button>
       )}
       {item.name === "run_shell" && (
         <button className="btn" onClick={() => onApprove("always_command")}>
-          Always allow this command
+          {t("approval.alwaysAllowThisCommand")}
         </button>
       )}
       <span className="spacer" />
       <button className="btn quiet-deny" onClick={() => onApprove("deny")}>
-        {denyLabel}
+        {denyLabel ?? t("approval.deny")}
       </button>
     </div>
   );
@@ -232,8 +251,9 @@ export function ApprovalCard({
   compact?: boolean;
 }) {
   const [peek, setPeek] = useState(false);
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const title = humanizeApprovalTitle(item.name, item.args);
-  const scope = scopeNote(item.name, item.args, item.category);
+  const scope = scopeNote(t, item.name, item.args, item.category);
   const grants = item.name === "create_scheduled_task" ? permissionLines(item.args) : [];
   // "requires approval" is the engine's default boilerplate — only surface a real reason.
   const reason = item.reason && item.reason !== "requires approval" ? item.reason : "";
@@ -250,11 +270,11 @@ export function ApprovalCard({
           <TitleText line={title} />
           {content && (
             <button className="approval-peek" onClick={() => setPeek((v) => !v)}>
-              preview {peek ? "▴" : "▾"}
+              {t("approval.preview")} {peek ? "▴" : "▾"}
             </button>
           )}
           <span className="spacer" />
-          <Buttons item={item} onApprove={onApprove} runTask={runTask} primaryLabel="Allow" />
+          <Buttons item={item} onApprove={onApprove} runTask={runTask} primaryLabel={t("approval.allow")} />
         </div>
         {peek && content && <PreviewBlock text={content} />}
         {reason && <div className="approval-reason">{reason}</div>}
@@ -266,7 +286,7 @@ export function ApprovalCard({
     <div className={"approval" + (scope.external ? " approval-external" : "") + dock}>
       <div className="approval-top">
         <div className="approval-heading">
-          <span className="approval-ico" title={`Tool: ${item.name}`}>
+          <span className="approval-ico" title={t("approval.toolLabel", { name: item.name })}>
             <Icon name="shield" size={15} />
           </span>
           <TitleText line={title} />
@@ -285,11 +305,11 @@ export function ApprovalCard({
             <span className="ico">
               <Icon name="file" size={13} />
             </span>
-            {String(item.args?.path ?? "").split("/").pop() || "file"}
-            {item.args?.as_screenshot ? " · as a PNG screenshot" : ""}
+            {String(item.args?.path ?? "").split("/").pop() || t("approval.fileLabel")}
+            {item.args?.as_screenshot ? t("approval.asPngScreenshot") : ""}
           </span>
           {item.args?.comment && (
-            <MessagePreview text={String(item.args.comment)} label="With the message" />
+            <MessagePreview text={String(item.args.comment)} label={t("approval.withMessage")} />
           )}
         </>
       )}
@@ -307,9 +327,9 @@ export function ApprovalCard({
                 {g.access === "write" ? "✓" : "·"}
               </span>
               <span className="grant-line">
-                {TOOL_VERBS[g.tool] || g.tool} <code className="approval-tool">{g.target}</code>
+                {TOOL_VERBS[g.tool] ? t(TOOL_VERBS[g.tool]) : g.tool} <code className="approval-tool">{g.target}</code>
                 <span className="grant-note">
-                  {g.access === "write" ? " — always allowed once you approve" : " — read-only"}
+                  {g.access === "write" ? t("approval.grantNoteWrite") : t("approval.grantNoteRead")}
                 </span>
               </span>
             </div>
@@ -324,14 +344,16 @@ export function ApprovalCard({
       {reason && <div className="approval-reason">{reason}</div>}
 
       {item.resolved ? (
-        <div className="resolved">Approved: {item.resolved.replace("_", " ")}</div>
+        <div className="resolved">
+          {t("approval.approvedWith", { resolution: item.resolved.replace("_", " ") })}
+        </div>
       ) : (
         <Buttons
           item={item}
           onApprove={onApprove}
           runTask={runTask}
-          primaryLabel={approvalActionLabels(item.name).allow}
-          denyLabel={approvalActionLabels(item.name).deny}
+          primaryLabel={approvalActionLabels(t, item.name).allow}
+          denyLabel={approvalActionLabels(t, item.name).deny}
         />
       )}
     </div>
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/components/AuditView.tsx b/surfaces/gui/src/components/AuditView.tsx
index 02f4dcd0..00c1029c 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/src/components/AuditView.tsx
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/components/AuditView.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import { getAudit, type AuditEvent } from "../api";
 import { PanelHead } from "./IntegrationsView";
 
@@ -10,6 +11,7 @@ const INPUT = "px-3 py-1.5 rounded-lg border border-line bg-paper text-[13px] te
 const BTN_ACCENT = "text-[12.5px] px-3 py-1.5 rounded-lg bg-accent text-white shrink-0";
 
 export function AuditView() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [events, setEvents] = useState<AuditEvent[]>([]);
   const [sessionFilter, setSessionFilter] = useState("");
   const [connectorFilter, setConnectorFilter] = useState("");
@@ -34,21 +36,21 @@ export function AuditView() {
       <div className="flex-1 min-w-0 overflow-y-auto hairline-scroll">
         <div className="max-w-4xl mx-auto px-7 py-6">
           <PanelHead
-            title="Activity"
-            sub="Recent connector and browser tool activity. Arguments are sanitized before storage."
+            title={t("integrations.activity")}
+            sub={t("audit.subtitleDetail")}
           />
 
           <div className="flex items-center gap-2 flex-wrap mb-4">
-            <input className={INPUT} placeholder="session id" value={sessionFilter} onChange={(e) => setSessionFilter(e.target.value)} />
-            <input className={INPUT} placeholder="connector" value={connectorFilter} onChange={(e) => setConnectorFilter(e.target.value)} />
-            <input className={INPUT} placeholder="tool" value={toolFilter} onChange={(e) => setToolFilter(e.target.value)} />
+            <input className={INPUT} placeholder={t("audit.sessionId")} value={sessionFilter} onChange={(e) => setSessionFilter(e.target.value)} />
+            <input className={INPUT} placeholder={t("audit.connector")} value={connectorFilter} onChange={(e) => setConnectorFilter(e.target.value)} />
+            <input className={INPUT} placeholder={t("audit.tool")} value={toolFilter} onChange={(e) => setToolFilter(e.target.value)} />
             <button className={BTN_ACCENT} onClick={refresh}>
-              Filter
+              {t("common.filter")}
             </button>
           </div>
 
           {events.length === 0 ? (
-            <div className={CARD + " p-4 text-[13px] text-muted"}>No audit events yet.</div>
+            <div className={CARD + " p-4 text-[13px] text-muted"}>{t("audit.noEvents")}</div>
           ) : (
             <div className="space-y-2">
               {events.map((ev) => (
@@ -63,18 +65,19 @@ export function AuditView() {
 }
 
 function AuditRow({ ev }: { ev: AuditEvent }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   return (
     <div className={CARD + " p-3.5"}>
       <div className="flex items-center gap-2 flex-wrap">
         <span className="font-mono text-[12.5px] font-medium text-ink">{ev.tool}</span>
         <span className="text-[11.5px] text-faint">
-          {ev.connector || "tool"} · {ev.stage || ev.status || "event"} · {ev.timestamp}
+          {ev.connector || t("audit.fallbackTool")} · {ev.stage || ev.status || t("audit.fallbackEvent")} · {ev.timestamp}
         </span>
       </div>
       <div className="text-[11.5px] text-muted mt-0.5">
-        session {ev.session_id || "-"} {ev.approval ? `· ${ev.approval}` : ""} {ev.status ? `· ${ev.status}` : ""}
+        {t("audit.sessionLabel")} {ev.session_id || "-"} {ev.approval ? `· ${ev.approval}` : ""} {ev.status ? `· ${ev.status}` : ""}
       </div>
-      {ev.resource && <div className="text-[11.5px] text-faint mt-0.5">resource: {ev.resource}</div>}
+      {ev.resource && <div className="text-[11.5px] text-faint mt-0.5">{t("audit.resourceLabel")} {ev.resource}</div>}
       {ev.args && Object.keys(ev.args).length > 0 && (
         <div className="font-mono text-[11.5px] text-muted mt-1.5 break-words">{formatAuditArgs(ev.args)}</div>
       )}
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/components/AutomationQuickstart.tsx b/surfaces/gui/src/components/AutomationQuickstart.tsx
index 06184fe4..680946aa 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/src/components/AutomationQuickstart.tsx
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/components/AutomationQuickstart.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useEffect, useRef, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import {
   cloudLogin,
   connectManaged,
@@ -22,16 +23,16 @@ import { SelectMenu } from "./SelectMenu";
 // The `ob-*` testids moved here with the machinery.
 
 // "When" = day choice × free time (owner call 2026-07-11); the cron assembles from the two.
-const DAYS: Record<string, { label: string; dow: string }> = {
-  mon: { label: "Mondays", dow: "1" },
-  tue: { label: "Tuesdays", dow: "2" },
-  wed: { label: "Wednesdays", dow: "3" },
-  thu: { label: "Thursdays", dow: "4" },
-  fri: { label: "Fridays", dow: "5" },
-  sat: { label: "Saturdays", dow: "6" },
-  sun: { label: "Sundays", dow: "0" },
-  weekdays: { label: "Weekdays", dow: "1-5" },
-  daily: { label: "Every day", dow: "*" },
+const DAYS: Record<string, { labelKey: string; dow: string }> = {
+  mon: { labelKey: "scheduled.monday", dow: "1" },
+  tue: { labelKey: "scheduled.tuesday", dow: "2" },
+  wed: { labelKey: "scheduled.wednesday", dow: "3" },
+  thu: { labelKey: "scheduled.thursday", dow: "4" },
+  fri: { labelKey: "scheduled.friday", dow: "5" },
+  sat: { labelKey: "scheduled.saturday", dow: "6" },
+  sun: { labelKey: "scheduled.sunday", dow: "0" },
+  weekdays: { labelKey: "scheduled.weekdays", dow: "1-5" },
+  daily: { labelKey: "scheduled.everyDay", dow: "*" },
 };
 // §30 connect-state spinner (the app has no other spinner — waits elsewhere are label swaps).
 // Exported for Onboarding page 2's sign-in button (same states, same look).
@@ -46,10 +47,10 @@ const cronFor = (dayKey: string, hhmm: string) => {
 
 interface QuickTemplate {
   key: string;
-  title: string;
-  blurb: string;
-  cadence: string; // the card's footer label
-  conns: { name: string; why: string }[]; // [] = no connections needed
+  titleKey: string;
+  blurbKey: string;
+  cadenceKey: string; // the card's footer label
+  conns: { name: string; whyKey: string }[]; // [] = no connections needed
   needsRepo?: boolean;
   needsChannel?: boolean;
   consent?: boolean; // write recipes carry the §25 consent line; reads carry disclosure
@@ -62,12 +63,12 @@ interface QuickTemplate {
 const TEMPLATES: QuickTemplate[] = [
   {
     key: "github",
-    title: "GitHub digest",
-    blurb: "Merged PRs and commits, posted to your team's Slack.",
-    cadence: "Weekly",
+    titleKey: "quickstart.github.title",
+    blurbKey: "quickstart.github.blurb",
+    cadenceKey: "quickstart.github.cadence",
     conns: [
-      { name: "slack", why: "Where the digest posts" },
-      { name: "github", why: "What the digest summarizes" },
+      { name: "slack", whyKey: "quickstart.why.slack.digest" },
+      { name: "github", whyKey: "quickstart.why.github.digest" },
     ],
     needsRepo: true,
     needsChannel: true,
@@ -81,12 +82,12 @@ const TEMPLATES: QuickTemplate[] = [
   },
   {
     key: "pipeline",
-    title: "Pipeline digest",
-    blurb: "Deals that moved — and deals going quiet — posted to Slack.",
-    cadence: "Weekly",
+    titleKey: "quickstart.pipeline.title",
+    blurbKey: "quickstart.pipeline.blurb",
+    cadenceKey: "quickstart.pipeline.cadence",
     conns: [
-      { name: "slack", why: "Where the digest posts" },
-      { name: "hubspot", why: "Pipeline and deal activity" },
+      { name: "slack", whyKey: "quickstart.why.slack.pipeline" },
+      { name: "hubspot", whyKey: "quickstart.why.hubspot.pipeline" },
     ],
     needsChannel: true,
     consent: true,
@@ -99,12 +100,12 @@ const TEMPLATES: QuickTemplate[] = [
   },
   {
     key: "brief",
-    title: "Morning brief",
-    blurb: "Calendar and unread email, summarized before your day starts.",
-    cadence: "Daily",
+    titleKey: "quickstart.brief.title",
+    blurbKey: "quickstart.brief.blurb",
+    cadenceKey: "quickstart.brief.cadence",
     conns: [
-      { name: "google_calendar", why: "Today's meetings and gaps" },
-      { name: "gmail", why: "What arrived overnight" },
+      { name: "google_calendar", whyKey: "quickstart.why.google_calendar" },
+      { name: "gmail", whyKey: "quickstart.why.gmail.brief" },
     ],
     deliver: true,
     day: "daily",
@@ -116,9 +117,9 @@ const TEMPLATES: QuickTemplate[] = [
   },
   {
     key: "news",
-    title: "Morning news briefing",
-    blurb: "A 5-bullet tech & world news digest, saved as markdown.",
-    cadence: "Daily",
+    titleKey: "quickstart.news.title",
+    blurbKey: "quickstart.news.blurb",
+    cadenceKey: "quickstart.news.cadence",
     conns: [],
     day: "daily",
     time: "08:00",
@@ -128,19 +129,19 @@ const TEMPLATES: QuickTemplate[] = [
   },
   {
     key: "inboxdigest",
-    title: "Inbox digest",
-    blurb: "One short digest of your unread email.",
-    cadence: "Weekdays",
-    conns: [{ name: "gmail", why: "Your unread email" }],
+    titleKey: "quickstart.inboxdigest.title",
+    blurbKey: "quickstart.inboxdigest.blurb",
+    cadenceKey: "quickstart.inboxdigest.cadence",
+    conns: [{ name: "gmail", whyKey: "quickstart.why.gmail.inbox" }],
     day: "weekdays",
     time: "09:00",
     instructions: () => "Summarize my unread email into one short digest note.",
   },
   {
     key: "cleanup",
-    title: "Folder cleanup",
-    blurb: "Sort recent Downloads into tidy folders by type.",
-    cadence: "Weekly",
+    titleKey: "quickstart.cleanup.title",
+    blurbKey: "quickstart.cleanup.blurb",
+    cadenceKey: "quickstart.cleanup.cadence",
     conns: [],
     day: "fri",
     time: "17:30",
@@ -161,7 +162,8 @@ export function AutomationQuickstart({
   }) => void;
 }) {
   const [pickedKey, setPickedKey] = useState<string | null>(null);
-  const picked = TEMPLATES.find((t) => t.key === pickedKey) || null;
+  const picked = TEMPLATES.find((tpl) => tpl.key === pickedKey) || null;
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
 
   const [connectors, setConnectors] = useState<Connector[]>([]);
   const [cloud, setCloud] = useState<CloudStatus | null>(null);
@@ -280,7 +282,7 @@ export function AutomationQuickstart({
   const create = () => {
     if (!picked) return;
     onCreate({
-      title: picked.title,
+      title: t(picked.titleKey),
       instructions: picked.instructions({ repo, channel, deliver }),
       cron: cronFor(day, time),
       permissions:
@@ -291,12 +293,14 @@ export function AutomationQuickstart({
   };
 
   const gateHint = !allConnected
-    ? `Connect ${picked?.conns
-        .filter((c) => !connState(c.name)?.connected)
-        .map((c) => connState(c.name)?.title || c.name)
-        .join(" and ")} to continue`
+    ? t("quickstart.connectToContinue", {
+        names: picked?.conns
+          .filter((c) => !connState(c.name)?.connected)
+          .map((c) => connState(c.name)?.title || c.name)
+          .join(", "),
+      })
     : picked?.needsChannel && !channel
-      ? "Pick a channel to post to first"
+      ? t("quickstart.pickChannelFirst")
       : "";
 
   const label = "block text-[12px] text-muted mt-3 mb-1";
@@ -306,33 +310,33 @@ export function AutomationQuickstart({
   return (
     <div className="mb-4">
       <div className="text-[11px] uppercase tracking-[0.05em] text-faint mb-2.5">
-        Start from a template
+        {t("quickstart.startFromTemplate")}
       </div>
       {/* Equal-height cards (owner ask 2026-07-12): 1fr rows + h-full — <button> grid items
           don't stretch like divs. */}
       <div className="grid grid-cols-3 auto-rows-fr gap-3">
-        {TEMPLATES.map((t) => (
+        {TEMPLATES.map((tpl) => (
           <button
-            key={t.key}
-            data-testid={`qs-template-${t.key}`}
+            key={tpl.key}
+            data-testid={`qs-template-${tpl.key}`}
             className={
               "h-full text-left rounded-xl2 border bg-panel p-4 flex flex-col gap-1.5 " +
-              (pickedKey === t.key
+              (pickedKey === tpl.key
                 ? "border-accent ring-2 ring-accentSoft"
                 : "border-line hover:border-lineStrong")
             }
-            onClick={() => pick(t)}
+            onClick={() => pick(tpl)}
           >
-            <span className="text-[13.5px] font-semibold">{t.title}</span>
-            <span className="text-[12px] text-muted leading-relaxed flex-1">{t.blurb}</span>
+            <span className="text-[13.5px] font-semibold">{t(tpl.titleKey)}</span>
+            <span className="text-[12px] text-muted leading-relaxed flex-1">{t(tpl.blurbKey)}</span>
             <span className="flex items-center gap-1.5 mt-1">
-              {t.conns.map((c) => {
+              {tpl.conns.map((c) => {
                 const cs = connState(c.name);
                 const on = !!cs?.connected;
                 return (
                   <span
                     key={c.name}
-                    title={`${cs?.title || c.name} — ${on ? "connected" : "not connected yet"}`}
+                    title={`${cs?.title || c.name} — ${on ? t("quickstart.connectedState") : t("quickstart.notConnectedYet")}`}
                     style={on ? undefined : { filter: "grayscale(1)", opacity: 0.55 }}
                   >
                     {cs ? (
@@ -344,7 +348,9 @@ export function AutomationQuickstart({
                 );
               })}
               <span className="text-[11px] text-faint ml-0.5">
-                {t.conns.length === 0 ? `No connections needed · ${t.cadence}` : t.cadence}
+                {tpl.conns.length === 0
+                  ? `${t("quickstart.noConnectionsNeeded")} · ${t(tpl.cadenceKey)}`
+                  : t(tpl.cadenceKey)}
               </span>
             </span>
           </button>
@@ -360,15 +366,17 @@ export function AutomationQuickstart({
           {/* §30: the card names its template — without this it starts abruptly after the grid. */}
           <div className="flex items-baseline gap-2 pb-2.5 mb-1 border-b border-line">
             <span className="text-[11px] uppercase tracking-[0.05em] text-accent font-semibold">
-              Set up
+              {t("quickstart.setUp")}
             </span>
-            <span className="text-[14px] font-semibold">{picked.title}</span>
+            <span className="text-[14px] font-semibold">{t(picked.titleKey)}</span>
             <span className="ml-auto text-[12px] text-faint max-sm:hidden">
-              {picked.conns.length ? "Connections, delivery & schedule" : "Delivery & schedule"} ·{" "}
-              {picked.cadence}
+              {picked.conns.length
+                ? t("quickstart.connectionsDeliverySchedule")
+                : t("quickstart.deliverySchedule")} ·{" "}
+              {t(picked.cadenceKey)}
             </span>
           </div>
-          {picked.conns.map(({ name, why }) => {
+          {picked.conns.map(({ name, whyKey }) => {
             const c = connState(name);
             const flow = connFlow?.name === name ? connFlow : null;
             return (
@@ -377,16 +385,16 @@ export function AutomationQuickstart({
                   {c && <ConnectorBadge connector={c} size={26} title={c.title} />}
                   <span className="min-w-0 flex-1">
                     <span className="block text-[13.5px] font-medium">{c?.title || name}</span>
-                    <span className="block text-[11.5px] text-faint">{why}</span>
+                    <span className="block text-[11.5px] text-faint">{t(whyKey)}</span>
                   </span>
                   {c?.connected ? (
-                    <span className="text-[12.5px] text-ok">✓ Connected</span>
+                    <span className="text-[12.5px] text-ok">{t("quickstart.connected")}</span>
                   ) : flow ? (
                     <span className="inline-flex items-center gap-2 text-[12px] text-muted">
                       <Spinner />
                       {flow.phase === "opening"
-                        ? "Opening browser…"
-                        : `Waiting for ${c?.title || name}…`}
+                        ? t("quickstart.openingBrowser")
+                        : t("quickstart.waitingFor", { name: c?.title || name })}
                     </span>
                   ) : (
                     <button
@@ -394,7 +402,7 @@ export function AutomationQuickstart({
                       onClick={() => startConnect(name)}
                       data-testid={`ob-connect-${name}`}
                     >
-                      Connect
+                      {t("quickstart.connect")}
                     </button>
                   )}
                 </div>
@@ -408,16 +416,16 @@ export function AutomationQuickstart({
                     <span>↗</span>
                     <span className="flex-1 min-w-0">
                       <b className="text-ink font-medium">
-                        Finish connecting {c?.title || name} in your browser.
+                        {t("quickstart.finishConnecting", { name: c?.title || name })}
                       </b>{" "}
-                      Approve it there, then come back — this page updates by itself.
+                      {t("quickstart.approveAndComeBack")}
                     </span>
                     <button
                       className="text-faint underline hover:text-muted shrink-0"
                       onClick={() => setConnFlow(null)}
                       data-testid="ob-connect-cancel"
                     >
-                      Cancel
+                      {t("quickstart.cancel")}
                     </button>
                   </div>
                 )}
@@ -431,25 +439,27 @@ export function AutomationQuickstart({
               data-testid="ob-cloudpane"
             >
               <span className="block text-[13px] text-ink font-medium">
-                One sign-in unlocks every one-click connection
+                {t("quickstart.oneSigninUnlocksAll")}
               </span>
-              Connections are brokered by OpenWorker Cloud — your tokens stay on this computer.
+              {t("quickstart.brokeredByCloud")}
               <div className="flex items-center gap-3 mt-2">
                 {signinPhase ? (
                   <>
                     <span className="inline-flex items-center gap-2 text-[12px]">
                       <Spinner />
-                      {signinPhase === "opening" ? "Opening browser…" : "Waiting for sign-in…"}
+                      {signinPhase === "opening"
+                        ? t("quickstart.openingBrowser")
+                        : t("quickstart.waitingForSignin")}
                     </span>
                     {signinPhase === "waiting" && (
                       <span className="text-[11.5px] text-faint">
-                        Finish signing in in your browser — this page updates by itself.{" "}
+                        {t("quickstart.finishSigningIn")}{" "}
                         <button
                           className="underline hover:text-muted"
                           onClick={cancelSignin}
                           data-testid="ob-signin-cancel"
                         >
-                          Cancel
+                          {t("quickstart.cancel")}
                         </button>
                       </span>
                     )}
@@ -460,7 +470,7 @@ export function AutomationQuickstart({
                     onClick={signInThenConnect}
                     data-testid="ob-cloud-signin"
                   >
-                    Sign in to OpenWorker Cloud
+                    {t("cloud.signInCloud")}
                   </button>
                 )}
               </div>
@@ -471,10 +481,10 @@ export function AutomationQuickstart({
             <div className={picked.conns.length ? "bg-paper rounded-xl px-4 py-3.5 mt-3" : ""} data-testid="ob-recipe">
               {picked.needsRepo && (
                 <>
-                  <label className={label}>Repository</label>
+                  <label className={label}>{t("quickstart.repository")}</label>
                   <input
                     className={input}
-                    placeholder="owner/repo"
+                    placeholder={t("quickstart.repoPlaceholder")}
                     value={repo}
                     onChange={(e) => setRepo(e.target.value)}
                     data-testid="ob-repo"
@@ -483,7 +493,7 @@ export function AutomationQuickstart({
               )}
               {picked.needsChannel && (
                 <>
-                  <label className={label}>Post to channel</label>
+                  <label className={label}>{t("quickstart.postToChannel")}</label>
                   <div data-testid="ob-channel">
                     <ChannelPicker
                       value={channel}
@@ -494,38 +504,36 @@ export function AutomationQuickstart({
                       }
                     />
                   </div>
-                  <p className="text-[11px] text-warnInk mt-1">
-                    The bot must be a member of the channel — invite @OpenWorker in Slack if it isn't.
-                  </p>
+                  <p className="text-[11px] text-warnInk mt-1">{t("quickstart.botMustBeMember")}</p>
                 </>
               )}
-              <label className={label}>When</label>
+              <label className={label}>{t("quickstart.when")}</label>
               <div className="flex gap-2">
                 <div className="flex-1 min-w-0">
                   <SelectMenu
-                    ariaLabel="Day"
+                    ariaLabel={t("quickstart.day")}
                     value={day}
-                    options={Object.entries(DAYS).map(([k, v]) => ({ value: k, label: v.label }))}
+                    options={Object.entries(DAYS).map(([k, v]) => ({ value: k, label: t(v.labelKey) }))}
                     onChange={setDay}
                   />
                 </div>
                 <input
                   className="w-28 px-3 py-2 rounded-lg border border-line bg-panel text-[13.5px] outline-none focus:border-accent"
                   type="time"
-                  aria-label="Time"
+                  aria-label={t("quickstart.time")}
                   value={time}
                   onChange={(e) => setTime(e.target.value)}
                 />
               </div>
               {picked.deliver && (
                 <>
-                  <label className={label}>Deliver to</label>
+                  <label className={label}>{t("quickstart.deliverTo")}</label>
                   <SelectMenu
-                    ariaLabel="Deliver to"
+                    ariaLabel={t("quickstart.deliverTo")}
                     value={deliver}
                     options={[
-                      { value: "app", label: "In the app" },
-                      { value: "slack", label: "Slack DM (connect Slack later)" },
+                      { value: "app", label: t("quickstart.deliverApp") },
+                      { value: "slack", label: t("quickstart.deliverSlack") },
                     ]}
                     onChange={(v) => setDeliver(v as "app" | "slack")}
                   />
@@ -541,19 +549,16 @@ export function AutomationQuickstart({
                     data-testid="ob-consent"
                   />
                   <span>
-                    Allow this automation to post its digest to{" "}
+                    {t("quickstart.consentBefore")}
                     <b className="text-ink" title={channel || undefined}>
-                      {channelLabel || "the channel"}
+                      {channelLabel || t("quickstart.theChannel")}
                       {channelWorkspace ? ` (${channelWorkspace})` : ""}
-                    </b>{" "}
-                    without asking each time. Anything else still asks first.
+                    </b>
+                    {t("quickstart.consentAfter")}
                   </span>
                 </label>
               ) : picked.conns.length > 0 ? (
-                <p className="text-[12.5px] text-muted mt-3">
-                  This automation only <b className="text-ink">reads</b> on schedule — reading
-                  never needs approval.
-                </p>
+                <p className="text-[12.5px] text-muted mt-3">{t("quickstart.readsOnly")}</p>
               ) : null}
             </div>
           )}
@@ -563,7 +568,7 @@ export function AutomationQuickstart({
               className="text-[12.5px] text-faint hover:text-muted"
               onClick={() => setPickedKey(null)}
             >
-              Cancel
+              {t("quickstart.cancel")}
             </button>
             {/* A silently-disabled primary reads as a bug — always name the missing piece. */}
             {gateHint && (
@@ -580,7 +585,7 @@ export function AutomationQuickstart({
               onClick={create}
               data-testid="ob-create"
             >
-              {busy ? "Creating…" : "Create automation"}
+              {busy ? t("quickstart.creating") : t("quickstart.createAutomation")}
             </button>
           </div>
         </div>
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/components/Composer.tsx b/surfaces/gui/src/components/Composer.tsx
index 532c437d..25242428 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/src/components/Composer.tsx
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/components/Composer.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useEffect, useLayoutEffect, useRef, useState, type ReactNode } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import type { Attachment, SessionUsage } from "../types";
 import { isPdfFile, readFile } from "../attach";
 import { getSettings, inspectPdf, sessionSkills, type SessionSkillRow } from "../api";
@@ -20,11 +21,6 @@ import {
 // polished enough to ship, and Custom (config.toml auto-allow rules) is a power-user mode
 // with no in-app explanation. The server still honors both — a session already in one of
 // those modes keeps working; the picker just doesn't offer them.
-const PERMISSION_OPTIONS: Option[] = [
-  { value: "discuss", label: "Discuss", description: "Chat and explore — no edits or commands" },
-  { value: "interactive", label: "Ask for approval", description: "Ask before edits and commands" },
-  { value: "auto", label: "Full access", description: "Run everything without asking" },
-];
 
 // No hardcoded model fallback: until the server supplies the list (a few seconds after a
 // cold app boot), the picker renders a disabled "Loading models…" chip. A baked-in list
@@ -92,6 +88,7 @@ interface Props {
 }
 
 export function Composer(props: Props) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [text, setText] = useState("");
   const [attachments, setAttachments] = useState<Attachment[]>([]);
   // "/" force-run (SKILLS-SPEC §4.1 #3). The popup derives from the draft: it is open while
@@ -271,7 +268,11 @@ export function Composer(props: Props) {
     for (const file of list) {
       if (isPdfFile(file) && file.size > maxMb * 1024 * 1024) {
         showAttachNotice(
-          `${file.name} skipped — ${(file.size / 1024 / 1024).toFixed(1)} MB is over your ${maxMb} MB limit (Settings → Token savings)`,
+          t("composer.pdfTooBig", {
+            name: file.name,
+            size: (file.size / 1024 / 1024).toFixed(1),
+            max: maxMb,
+          }),
         );
         continue;
       }
@@ -284,12 +285,21 @@ export function Composer(props: Props) {
         const info = await inspectPdf(a.data_url).catch(() => null);
         if (info?.ok && (info.pages ?? 0) > maxPages) {
           showAttachNotice(
-            `${a.name} skipped — ${info.pages} pages is over your ${maxPages}-page limit (Settings → Token savings)`,
+            t("composer.pdfTooManyPages", {
+              name: a.name,
+              pages: info.pages,
+              max: maxPages,
+            }),
           );
           continue;
         }
         if (info && !info.ok) {
-          showAttachNotice(`${a.name} skipped — ${info.error || "could not read PDF"}`);
+          showAttachNotice(
+            t("composer.pdfSkipped", {
+              name: a.name,
+              error: info.error || t("composer.pdfReadError"),
+            }),
+          );
           continue;
         }
       }
@@ -315,9 +325,9 @@ export function Composer(props: Props) {
     // The visible "/name " prefix is UI state, not message text — strip it for the send;
     // the skill rides as its own field.
     const skill = prefixIntact ? pendingSkill!.name : undefined;
-    const t = (skill ? text.slice(skill.length + 1) : text).trim();
+    const msg = (skill ? text.slice(skill.length + 1) : text).trim();
     if (
-      (!t && attachments.length === 0 && !skill) ||
+      (!msg && attachments.length === 0 && !skill) ||
       props.running ||
       dictation?.recording ||
       dictationBusy
@@ -328,7 +338,7 @@ export function Composer(props: Props) {
       props.onConnectModel?.();
       return;
     }
-    props.onSend(t, attachments, skill);
+    props.onSend(msg, attachments, skill);
     setText("");
     setAttachments([]);
     setPendingSkill(null);
@@ -380,9 +390,9 @@ export function Composer(props: Props) {
     setDictationError(null);
     try {
       if (dictation?.recording) {
-        setDictationBusy("Transcribing…");
+        setDictationBusy(t("composer.transcribing"));
         const transcript = await stopDictation();
-        if (transcript === null) throw new Error("Could not transcribe your recording.");
+        if (transcript === null) throw new Error(t("composer.transcribeError"));
         if (transcript.trim()) {
           setText((draft) => (draft.trim() ? `${draft.trimEnd()} ${transcript.trim()}` : transcript.trim()));
         }
@@ -392,17 +402,17 @@ export function Composer(props: Props) {
       }
 
       const status = dictation || (await getDictationStatus());
-      if (!status) throw new Error("Voice dictation is unavailable.");
+      if (!status) throw new Error(t("composer.dictationUnavailable"));
       if (!status.supported || !status.model_verified || !status.test_passed) {
         props.onConfigureVoiceInput?.();
         return;
       }
-      setDictationBusy("Starting microphone…");
+      setDictationBusy(t("composer.startingMic"));
       const recording = await startDictation();
-      if (!recording?.recording) throw new Error("Could not start the microphone.");
+      if (!recording?.recording) throw new Error(t("composer.micError"));
       setDictation(recording);
     } catch (error) {
-      setDictationError(error instanceof Error ? error.message : "Voice dictation is unavailable.");
+      setDictationError(error instanceof Error ? error.message : t("composer.dictationUnavailable"));
       const status = await getDictationStatus();
       if (status) setDictation(status);
     } finally {
@@ -447,7 +457,7 @@ export function Composer(props: Props) {
           <button
             className="shrink-0 opacity-60 hover:opacity-100"
             onClick={() => setAttachNotice(null)}
-            title="Dismiss"
+            title={t("composer.dismiss")}
           >
             ✕
           </button>
@@ -482,11 +492,11 @@ export function Composer(props: Props) {
         {/* "/" force-run popup — in-flow above the textarea; rows are the session's
             effective menu only (muted/disabled skills never appear). */}
         {slashQuery !== null && (
-          <div className="px-2 pt-2" data-testid="skill-popup" role="listbox" aria-label="Skills">
+          <div className="px-2 pt-2" data-testid="skill-popup" role="listbox" aria-label={t("composer.skills")}>
             {slashSkills === null ? (
-              <div className="px-2 py-1.5 text-[12px] text-faint">Loading skills…</div>
+              <div className="px-2 py-1.5 text-[12px] text-faint">{t("composer.loadingSkills")}</div>
             ) : slashMatches.length === 0 ? (
-              <div className="px-2 py-1.5 text-[12px] text-faint">No matching skills.</div>
+              <div className="px-2 py-1.5 text-[12px] text-faint">{t("composer.noMatchingSkills")}</div>
             ) : (
               slashMatches.map((s, i) => (
                 <button
@@ -513,7 +523,7 @@ export function Composer(props: Props) {
         <textarea
           ref={textareaRef}
           className="w-full block px-3.5 pt-3.5 pb-1.5 text-[14.5px]"
-          placeholder={props.placeholder || "Ask the coworker…  (drop or paste files)"}
+          placeholder={props.placeholder || t("composer.placeholder")}
           value={text}
           onChange={(e) => setText(e.target.value)}
           onKeyDown={onKey}
@@ -527,8 +537,8 @@ export function Composer(props: Props) {
           <div className="relative">
             <button
               className={iconBtn + (attachMenuOpen ? " bg-paper text-ink" : "")}
-              title="Attach"
-              aria-label="Attach"
+              title={t("composer.attach")}
+              aria-label={t("composer.attach")}
               onClick={() => setAttachMenuOpen((v) => !v)}
             >
               <Icon name="plus" size={17} />
@@ -537,11 +547,11 @@ export function Composer(props: Props) {
               <>
                 <div className="fixed inset-0 z-30" onClick={() => setAttachMenuOpen(false)} />
                 <div className="absolute z-40 bottom-full mb-1 left-0 min-w-[180px] rounded-xl border border-line bg-panel shadow-2xl py-1.5">
-                  {attachItem("image", "Photo or image", () => pickFiles("image/*"))}
-                  {attachItem("file", "PDF", () => pickFiles("application/pdf,.pdf"))}
+                  {attachItem("image", t("composer.photoImage"), () => pickFiles("image/*"))}
+                  {attachItem("file", t("composer.pdf"), () => pickFiles("application/pdf,.pdf"))}
                   {attachItem(
                     "fileCode",
-                    "Other files",
+                    t("composer.otherFiles"),
                     () => pickFiles("text/*,.md,.csv,.json,.yaml,.yml,.log,.py,.ts,.tsx,.js,.rs,.go,.toml"),
                   )}
                 </div>
@@ -581,7 +591,7 @@ export function Composer(props: Props) {
             />
           ) : null}
 
-          {dictationBusy === "Transcribing…" && <span className="text-[11.5px] text-accent">Transcribing…</span>}
+          {dictationBusy === t("composer.transcribing") && <span className="text-[11.5px] text-accent">{t("composer.transcribing")}</span>}
 
           <span className="ml-auto" />
 
@@ -605,10 +615,10 @@ export function Composer(props: Props) {
             <button
               className="pill model-warn chip"
               onClick={() => props.onConnectModel?.()}
-              title="Connect a model"
-              aria-label="No model connected — connect a model"
+              title={t("composer.connectModel")}
+              aria-label={t("composer.noModelConnected")}
             >
-              <span className="pill-label">No model</span>
+              <span className="pill-label">{t("composer.noModel")}</span>
               <span className="model-warn-ico" aria-hidden>⚠</span>
             </button>
           ) : modelsLoaded ? (
@@ -618,9 +628,9 @@ export function Composer(props: Props) {
               className="pill chip text-faint cursor-default"
               disabled
               data-testid="models-loading"
-              title="Fetching the model list from the server"
+              title={t("composer.fetchingModels")}
             >
-              <span className="pill-label">Loading models…</span>
+              <span className="pill-label">{t("composer.loadingModels")}</span>
             </button>
           ))}
 
@@ -638,12 +648,12 @@ export function Composer(props: Props) {
               title={
                 dictationBusy ||
                 (dictation?.recording
-                  ? "Stop recording and transcribe"
+                  ? t("composer.stopRecordingTranscribe")
                   : voiceReady
-                    ? "Start local voice dictation"
-                    : "Configure Voice Input in Settings")
+                    ? t("composer.startVoiceDictation")
+                    : t("composer.configureVoice"))
               }
-              aria-label={dictation?.recording ? "Stop dictation" : voiceReady ? "Start dictation" : "Configure Voice Input in Settings"}
+              aria-label={dictation?.recording ? t("composer.stopDictation") : voiceReady ? t("composer.startDictation") : t("composer.configureVoice")}
               aria-disabled={!voiceReady && !dictation?.recording}
             >
               <Icon name={dictation?.recording ? "stop" : "mic"} size={16} />
@@ -653,7 +663,7 @@ export function Composer(props: Props) {
           {/* send / stop */}
           {props.running ? (
             <button className="btn danger" onClick={props.onInterrupt}>
-              ⏹ Stop
+              ⏹ {t("composer.stop")}
             </button>
           ) : (
             <button
@@ -665,8 +675,8 @@ export function Composer(props: Props) {
               }
               onClick={submit}
               disabled={!props.connected || !!dictation?.recording || !!dictationBusy}
-              title={needsModel ? "Connect a model to send" : undefined}
-              aria-label="Send"
+              title={needsModel ? t("composer.connectModelToSend") : undefined}
+              aria-label={t("composer.send")}
             >
               <svg width="15" height="15" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth={2} strokeLinecap="round" strokeLinejoin="round" aria-hidden="true">
                 <path d="M12 19V5M5 12l7-7 7 7" />
@@ -676,7 +686,7 @@ export function Composer(props: Props) {
         </div>
       </div>
       <span className="sr-only" role="status" aria-live="polite">
-        {dictation?.recording ? `Listening, ${recordingTime}` : dictationBusy || ""}
+        {dictation?.recording ? t("composer.listening", { time: recordingTime }) : dictationBusy || ""}
       </span>
     </div>
   );
@@ -699,6 +709,7 @@ function UsageChip({
   model: string;
   modelLabels?: Record<string, string>;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [open, setOpen] = useState(false);
   const total = totalTokens(usage);
   const pct = contextWindow
@@ -707,7 +718,7 @@ function UsageChip({
   // Settings can hide the bar; without a known window there is nothing to fill either.
   const showBar = pct !== null && contextBar === true;
   const labelFor = (id: string) =>
-    id === "unknown" ? "Unknown model" : modelLabels?.[id] || shortModel(id);
+    id === "unknown" ? t("composer.unknownModel") : modelLabels?.[id] || shortModel(id);
   // One field per line, session-summed (owner ask 2026-07-28). Values are cumulative
   // across the whole session, never just the last turn; "Input" is the fresh
   // (uncached) share — the cached share sits in the cache rows at its own price.
@@ -724,11 +735,11 @@ function UsageChip({
         onClick={() => setOpen((v) => !v)}
         aria-haspopup="menu"
         aria-expanded={open}
-        aria-label="Token usage"
+        aria-label={t("composer.tokenUsage")}
         title={
           showBar
-            ? `Context window ${pct}% full · ${formatTokens(total)} tokens this session`
-            : `Token usage this session: ${formatTokens(total)}`
+            ? t("composer.contextFullTitle", { pct, tokens: formatTokens(total) })
+            : t("composer.sessionTokensTitle", { tokens: formatTokens(total) })
         }
         data-testid="usage-chip"
       >
@@ -757,7 +768,7 @@ function UsageChip({
             {contextWindow ? (
               <div className="mb-2.5">
                 <div className="text-[10.5px] uppercase tracking-[0.06em] text-faint font-semibold mb-1">
-                  Context window
+                  {t("composer.contextWindow")}
                 </div>
                 <div className="h-1.5 rounded-full bg-line overflow-hidden">
                   <div
@@ -766,19 +777,19 @@ function UsageChip({
                   />
                 </div>
                 <div className="mt-1 text-[11.5px] text-muted tabular-nums">
-                  {formatTokens(usage.context)} of {formatTokens(contextWindow)} · {pct}%
+                  {t("composer.ofX", { fmt: formatTokens(usage.context), window: formatTokens(contextWindow), pct })}
                 </div>
               </div>
             ) : usage.context > 0 ? (
               <div className="mb-2.5 text-[11.5px] text-muted tabular-nums">
-                In context now: {formatTokens(usage.context)} tokens
+                {t("composer.inContextNow", { fmt: formatTokens(usage.context) })}
               </div>
             ) : null}
             <div className="text-[10.5px] uppercase tracking-[0.06em] text-faint font-semibold mb-1">
-              Session totals
+              {t("composer.sessionTotals")}
             </div>
             <div className="flex flex-col gap-1.5">
-              {Object.entries(usage.byModel).map(([id, t]) => (
+              {Object.entries(usage.byModel).map(([id, u]) => (
                 <div key={id}>
                   <div className="text-[12px] text-ink font-medium truncate" title={id}>
                     {labelFor(id)}
@@ -788,28 +799,28 @@ function UsageChip({
                       read as components: uncached + cache reads + cache writes = total.
                       Without one (Ollama, compat vendors), plain "Input" says it all. */}
                   <div className="mt-0.5 flex flex-col gap-0.5">
-                    {t.cache_read + t.cache_write > 0 ? (
+                    {u.cache_read + u.cache_write > 0 ? (
                       <>
-                        {stat("Uncached input", t.input)}
-                        {stat("Cache reads", t.cache_read)}
-                        {stat("Cache writes", t.cache_write)}
-                        {stat("Total input", t.input + t.cache_read + t.cache_write)}
+                        {stat(t("composer.uncachedInput"), u.input)}
+                        {stat(t("composer.cacheReads"), u.cache_read)}
+                        {stat(t("composer.cacheWrites"), u.cache_write)}
+                        {stat(t("composer.totalInput"), u.input + u.cache_read + u.cache_write)}
                       </>
                     ) : (
-                      stat("Input", t.input)
+                      stat(t("composer.input"), u.input)
                     )}
-                    {stat("Output", t.output)}
+                    {stat(t("composer.output"), u.output)}
                   </div>
                 </div>
               ))}
             </div>
             <div className="mt-2 pt-2 border-t border-line flex items-baseline justify-between text-[11.5px]">
-              <span className="text-faint">Total</span>
-              <span className="text-ink tabular-nums">{formatTokens(total)} tokens</span>
+              <span className="text-faint">{t("composer.total")}</span>
+              <span className="text-ink tabular-nums">{t("composer.xTokens", { fmt: formatTokens(total) })}</span>
             </div>
             {model && !modelLabels?.[model] && contextWindow === undefined && (
               <div className="mt-1 text-[10.5px] text-faint leading-snug">
-                Context meter unavailable for custom models.
+                {t("composer.contextMeterUnavailable")}
               </div>
             )}
           </div>
@@ -833,7 +844,13 @@ function ModeMenu({
   unattended?: boolean;
   onUnattendedChange?: (on: boolean) => void;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [open, setOpen] = useState(false);
+  const PERMISSION_OPTIONS: Option[] = [
+    { value: "discuss", label: t("composer.modeDiscuss"), description: t("composer.modeDiscussDesc") },
+    { value: "interactive", label: t("composer.modeApproval"), description: t("composer.modeApprovalDesc") },
+    { value: "auto", label: t("composer.modeAuto"), description: t("composer.modeAutoDesc") },
+  ];
   const current = PERMISSION_OPTIONS.find((o) => o.value === mode);
   return (
     <div className="relative">
@@ -845,10 +862,10 @@ function ModeMenu({
         onClick={() => setOpen((v) => !v)}
         aria-haspopup="menu"
         aria-expanded={open}
-        aria-label="Mode"
+        aria-label={t("composer.mode")}
         title={
-          `Mode: ${current?.label || mode}` +
-          (unattended ? " · approvals go to the Inbox" : "")
+          t("composer.modeTitle", { mode: current?.label || mode }) +
+          (unattended ? t("composer.modeInboxSuffix") : "")
         }
       >
         {current?.label || mode}
@@ -887,15 +904,15 @@ function ModeMenu({
                 <div className="my-1 border-t border-line" />
                 <div className="flex items-center gap-2 px-2.5 py-1.5">
                   <span className="flex-1 min-w-0">
-                    <span className="block text-[13px] text-ink">Send approvals to Inbox</span>
+                    <span className="block text-[13px] text-ink">{t("composer.sendApprovalsToInbox")}</span>
                     <span className="block text-[11px] text-faint leading-snug">
-                      Approvals &amp; questions go to the Inbox; the agent keeps working.
+                      {t("composer.sendApprovalsDesc")}
                     </span>
                   </span>
                   <Toggle
                     checked={!!unattended}
                     onChange={onUnattendedChange}
-                    title="Send approvals to the Inbox"
+                    title={t("composer.sendApprovalsToInboxTitle")}
                   />
                 </div>
               </>
@@ -920,6 +937,7 @@ function attachItem(icon: "image" | "file" | "fileCode", label: string, onClick:
 }
 
 function AttachChip({ a, onRemove }: { a: Attachment; onRemove: () => void }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   return (
     <div className={"attach-chip" + (a.kind === "image" ? " img" : "")}>
       {a.kind === "image" ? (
@@ -930,7 +948,7 @@ function AttachChip({ a, onRemove }: { a: Attachment; onRemove: () => void }) {
           <span className="attach-name">{a.name}</span>
         </>
       )}
-      <button className="attach-x" onClick={onRemove} title="Remove">
+      <button className="attach-x" onClick={onRemove} title={t("composer.remove")}>
         ✕
       </button>
     </div>
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/components/ConnectorMessageCard.tsx b/surfaces/gui/src/components/ConnectorMessageCard.tsx
index 9f3026b5..e53af959 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/src/components/ConnectorMessageCard.tsx
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/components/ConnectorMessageCard.tsx
@@ -14,23 +14,24 @@
 // for keyboard focus too; the ids are also mirrored into the header `title` for quick reference.
 
 import { useState, type CSSProperties } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import type { MessageSource } from "../api";
 import { ConnectorBadge, hexToRgba, NEUTRAL } from "../connectors/ConnectorIcon";
 import { resolveConnector } from "../connectors/registry";
 
 /** Coarse relative time from epoch seconds: "just now" / "5m ago" / "2h ago" / "3d ago" / a date. */
-function relativeTime(tsSeconds: number): string {
+function relativeTime(t: (s: string, o?: Record<string, unknown>) => string, tsSeconds: number): string {
   if (!tsSeconds || !isFinite(tsSeconds)) return "";
   const then = tsSeconds * 1000;
   const diff = Date.now() - then;
-  if (diff < 0) return "just now";
-  if (diff < 45_000) return "just now";
+  if (diff < 0) return t("time.justNow");
+  if (diff < 45_000) return t("time.justNow");
   const mins = Math.round(diff / 60_000);
-  if (mins < 60) return `${mins}m ago`;
+  if (mins < 60) return t("time.minAgo", { count: mins });
   const hrs = Math.round(diff / 3_600_000);
-  if (hrs < 24) return `${hrs}h ago`;
+  if (hrs < 24) return t("time.hourAgo", { count: hrs });
   const days = Math.round(diff / 86_400_000);
-  if (days < 7) return `${days}d ago`;
+  if (days < 7) return t("time.dayAgo", { count: days });
   return new Date(then).toLocaleDateString();
 }
 
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@ export function ConnectorMessageCard({
   source: MessageSource;
   brandColor?: string;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [showIds, setShowIds] = useState(false);
   const { key, entry } = resolveConnector(source.connector);
   const color = (brandColor || "").trim() || NEUTRAL;
@@ -85,11 +87,11 @@ export function ConnectorMessageCard({
             </span>
             <span className="text-faint">·</span>
             <span className="text-[12.5px] font-medium">{source.sender_name}</span>
-            <span className="text-[11px] text-faint ml-0.5">via {entry.label}</span>
+            <span className="text-[11px] text-faint ml-0.5">{t("connectorCard.via", { label: entry.label })}</span>
           </>
         )}
         <time className="ml-auto text-[11px] text-faint whitespace-nowrap" title={clockTime(source.ts)}>
-          {relativeTime(source.ts)}
+          {relativeTime(t, source.ts)}
         </time>
       </header>
       <div className="px-3.5 py-2.5 text-[14.5px] leading-relaxed whitespace-pre-wrap">{source.text}</div>
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/components/DirectoryRequestCard.tsx b/surfaces/gui/src/components/DirectoryRequestCard.tsx
index 7003f7a6..e5c7a05a 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/src/components/DirectoryRequestCard.tsx
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/components/DirectoryRequestCard.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import type { Item } from "../types";
 import { chooseFolder } from "../tauri";
 import { Icon } from "./Icon";
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@ export function DirectoryRequestCard({
   item: DirReqItem;
   onRespond: (granted: boolean, path?: string, writable?: boolean) => void;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [path, setPath] = useState(item.path || "");
   const [writable, setWritable] = useState(!!item.writable);
 
@@ -26,31 +28,31 @@ export function DirectoryRequestCard({
     <div className="dirreq-card">
       <div className="dirreq-head">
         <Icon name="folderPlus" size={16} className="ico" />
-        <span>The agent is requesting access to a folder</span>
+        <span>{t("dirReq.requestingAccess")}</span>
       </div>
       {item.reason && <div className="dirreq-reason">“{item.reason}”</div>}
       <div className="dirreq-pathrow">
         <input
           className="dirreq-path"
-          placeholder="Choose or paste a folder path…"
+          placeholder={t("dirReq.chooseOrPaste")}
           value={path}
           onChange={(e) => setPath(e.target.value)}
         />
-        <button className="btn icon-only" onClick={browse} title="Choose location" aria-label="Choose location">
+        <button className="btn icon-only" onClick={browse} title={t("dirReq.chooseLocation")} aria-label={t("dirReq.chooseLocation")}>
           <Icon name="folder" size={15} />
         </button>
       </div>
       <div className="dirreq-actions">
         <label className="dirreq-access">
           <input type="checkbox" checked={writable} onChange={(e) => setWritable(e.target.checked)} />
-          Allow writing (read-write)
+          {t("dirReq.allowWriting")}
         </label>
         <span className="spacer" />
         <button className="btn" onClick={() => onRespond(false)}>
-          Decline
+          {t("dirReq.decline")}
         </button>
         <button className="btn primary" disabled={!path.trim()} onClick={() => onRespond(true, path.trim(), writable)}>
-          Grant access
+          {t("dirReq.grantAccess")}
         </button>
       </div>
     </div>
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/components/FolderGate.tsx b/surfaces/gui/src/components/FolderGate.tsx
index 6533c392..64a55fa2 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/src/components/FolderGate.tsx
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/components/FolderGate.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import { getRecentWorkspaces, openWorkspace, type RecentWorkspace } from "../api";
 import { chooseFolder } from "../tauri";
 
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@ interface Props {
 }
 
 export function FolderGate({ onChoose, onCancel, create }: Props) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [recents, setRecents] = useState<RecentWorkspace[]>([]);
   const [path, setPath] = useState("");
   const [error, setError] = useState("");
@@ -25,7 +27,7 @@ export function FolderGate({ onChoose, onCancel, create }: Props) {
     setError("");
     const res = await openWorkspace(p.trim(), doCreate);
     if (res.ok) onChoose(res.path, res.git_branch);
-    else setError(res.error || "could not open that folder");
+    else setError(res.error || t("folderGate.couldNotOpen"));
   };
 
   const browse = async () => {
@@ -40,33 +42,31 @@ export function FolderGate({ onChoose, onCancel, create }: Props) {
     <div className="gate-overlay">
       <div className="gate">
         <div className="gate-mark">✦</div>
-        <h2>{create ? "New project" : "Choose a project folder"}</h2>
+        <h2>{create ? t("folderGate.newProject") : t("folderGate.chooseProjectFolder")}</h2>
         <p className="gate-sub">
-          {create
-            ? "Pick a folder or enter a path. If the path doesn't exist, it will be created."
-            : "This coworker needs a workspace to read, edit, and run in."}
+          {create ? t("folderGate.createDesc") : t("folderGate.needsWorkspace")}
         </p>
 
         <div className="gate-input">
           <input
-            placeholder="/path/to/your/project"
+            placeholder={t("folderGate.pathPlaceholder")}
             value={path}
             onChange={(e) => setPath(e.target.value)}
             onKeyDown={(e) => e.key === "Enter" && open(path, create)}
             autoFocus
           />
-          <button className="btn" onClick={browse} title="Pick a folder">
-            Browse…
+          <button className="btn" onClick={browse} title={t("folderGate.title")}>
+            {t("folderGate.browse")}
           </button>
           <button className="btn primary" onClick={() => open(path, create)} disabled={!path.trim()}>
-            {create ? "Create" : "Open"}
+            {create ? t("folderGate.create") : t("common.open")}
           </button>
         </div>
         {error && <div className="gate-error">{error}</div>}
 
         {recents.length > 0 && (
           <>
-            <div className="gate-label">Recent</div>
+            <div className="gate-label">{t("folderGate.recent")}</div>
             <div className="gate-recents">
               {recents.map((w) => (
                 <div className="gate-recent" key={w.path} onClick={() => open(w.path)} title={w.path}>
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ export function FolderGate({ onChoose, onCancel, create }: Props) {
         {onCancel && (
           <div className="gate-foot">
             <button className="btn gate-cancel" onClick={onCancel}>
-              Cancel
+              {t("folderGate.cancel")}
             </button>
           </div>
         )}
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/components/GalleryModal.tsx b/surfaces/gui/src/components/GalleryModal.tsx
index dbb36ed8..30420c07 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/src/components/GalleryModal.tsx
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/components/GalleryModal.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import {
   cloudLogin,
   getCloudGallery,
@@ -52,6 +53,7 @@ export function GalleryModal({
   onClose: () => void;
   onInstalled?: () => void;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [cloud, setCloud] = useState<CloudStatus | null>(null);
   const [cards, setCards] = useState<GalleryPersona[]>([]);
   const [installed, setInstalled] = useState<Set<string>>(new Set());
@@ -112,7 +114,7 @@ export function GalleryModal({
     setMsg(null);
     setJustInstalled(false);
     const d = await getCloudGalleryDetail(slug).catch(() => null);
-    setDetail(d ?? { ok: false, error: "could not load details" });
+    setDetail(d ?? { ok: false, error: t("gallery.couldNotLoadDetails") });
   };
 
   const install = async (slug: string) => {
@@ -121,7 +123,7 @@ export function GalleryModal({
     const r = await installPersona({ gallery_slug: slug });
     setBusy(false);
     if (!r.ok) {
-      setMsg(r.error || "install failed");
+      setMsg(r.error || t("gallery.installFailed"));
       return;
     }
     setInstalled((s) => new Set(s).add(slug));
@@ -143,9 +145,9 @@ export function GalleryModal({
       <div className="flex items-center gap-2 mb-4">
         {(
           [
-            ["all", "All"],
-            ["openworker", "From OpenWorker"],
-            ["team", "From your team"],
+            ["all", t("gallery.all")],
+            ["openworker", t("gallery.fromOpenWorker")],
+            ["team", t("gallery.fromTeam")],
           ] as [Source, string][]
         ).map(([key, label]) => (
           <button
@@ -165,14 +167,14 @@ export function GalleryModal({
 
       {unavailable && cloud?.signed_in && (
         <div className="text-[12.5px] text-muted">
-          The gallery is unreachable right now — try again in a moment.
+          {t("gallery.unreachable")}
         </div>
       )}
 
       {featured.length > 0 && (
         <>
           <div className="text-[11px] uppercase tracking-[0.05em] text-faint font-semibold mb-2">
-            Featured
+            {t("gallery.featured")}
           </div>
           <div className="flex gap-3 overflow-x-auto hairline-scroll pb-2 mb-5" data-testid="gallery-featured">
             {featured.map((p) => (
@@ -198,7 +200,7 @@ export function GalleryModal({
       )}
 
       <div className="text-[11px] uppercase tracking-[0.05em] text-faint font-semibold mb-2">
-        All personas
+        {t("gallery.allPersonas")}
       </div>
       <div className="space-y-2">
         {visible.map((p) => {
@@ -229,9 +231,9 @@ export function GalleryModal({
               </div>
               <div className="shrink-0 flex items-center">
                 {isInstalled ? (
-                  <span className="text-[12px] text-muted">Installed</span>
+                  <span className="text-[12px] text-muted">{t("gallery.installed")}</span>
                 ) : (
-                  <span className="text-[12.5px] text-accent">View & install →</span>
+                  <span className="text-[12.5px] text-accent">{t("gallery.viewAndInstall")}</span>
                 )}
               </div>
             </div>
@@ -240,17 +242,17 @@ export function GalleryModal({
         {visible.length === 0 && !unavailable && (
           <div className="text-[12.5px] text-muted py-4">
             {source === "team"
-              ? "Nothing shared with your team yet."
+              ? t("gallery.nothingShared")
               : q
-              ? "No personas match your search."
-              : "No personas published yet."}
+              ? t("gallery.noMatch")
+              : t("gallery.noPersonasPublished")}
           </div>
         )}
       </div>
 
       {source !== "team" && teamCount === 0 && (
         <div className="mt-5 pt-3 border-t border-line text-[12px] text-faint" data-testid="gallery-team-teaser">
-          From your team — nothing shared yet. Publishing a persona to your teammates is coming soon.
+          {t("gallery.teamTeaser")}
         </div>
       )}
     </div>
@@ -264,12 +266,12 @@ export function GalleryModal({
         className="text-[12.5px] text-muted hover:text-ink mb-3"
         onClick={() => setDetailSlug(null)}
       >
-        ← Gallery
+        {t("gallery.backToGallery")}
       </button>
       {!detail ? (
-        <div className="text-[12.5px] text-muted">Loading…</div>
+        <div className="text-[12.5px] text-muted">{t("common.loading")}</div>
       ) : !detail.ok || !card ? (
-        <div className="text-[12.5px] text-danger">{detail.error || "could not load details"}</div>
+        <div className="text-[12.5px] text-danger">{detail.error || t("gallery.couldNotLoadDetails")}</div>
       ) : (
         <div className="space-y-4">
           <div className="flex items-start gap-4">
@@ -285,10 +287,10 @@ export function GalleryModal({
             </div>
             <div className="shrink-0">
               {installed.has(detailSlug) ? (
-                <span className="text-[12.5px] text-muted">Installed</span>
+                <span className="text-[12.5px] text-muted">{t("gallery.installed")}</span>
               ) : (
                 <button className={BTN_ACCENT} onClick={() => install(detailSlug)} disabled={busy}>
-                  {busy ? "Installing…" : "Install"}
+                  {busy ? t("gallery.installing") : t("common.install")}
                 </button>
               )}
             </div>
@@ -298,10 +300,10 @@ export function GalleryModal({
           {justInstalled && (
             <div className="rounded-lg border border-okLine bg-okSoft px-3.5 py-2.5 flex items-center gap-3">
               <span className="flex-1 text-[12.5px] text-ok">
-                Installed — it&rsquo;s waiting in Personas, disabled until you approve and enable it.
+                {t("gallery.installedWaiting")}
               </span>
               <button className={BTN_ACCENT} onClick={onClose}>
-                Done
+                {t("common.done")}
               </button>
             </div>
           )}
@@ -317,44 +319,42 @@ export function GalleryModal({
           {caps && (
             <div className={CARD + " p-4"} data-testid="gallery-capabilities">
               <div className="text-[13px] font-semibold mb-2">
-                What it can do — verified from its manifest
+                {t("gallery.whatItCanDo")}
               </div>
               <div className="text-[12px] text-faint mb-3">
-                Read by this app&rsquo;s own parser, so it matches exactly what the install
-                consent will ask you to approve. No executable code is installed.
+                {t("gallery.readByParser")}
               </div>
               <div className="space-y-2 text-[12.5px]">
                 <div>
-                  <span className="text-muted">Tools: </span>
-                  {caps.tools.join(", ") || "none"}
+                  <span className="text-muted">{t("gallery.tools")}</span>
+                  {caps.tools.join(", ") || t("common.none")}
                   {caps.risk.length > 0 && (
-                    <span className="text-faint"> · risk: {caps.risk.join(", ")}</span>
+                    <span className="text-faint">{t("gallery.riskList", { list: caps.risk.join(", ") })}</span>
                   )}
                 </div>
                 <div>
-                  <span className="text-muted">Permissions: </span>
-                  {caps.recommended_mode} mode
-                  {caps.messaging ? " · can use messaging" : ""}
-                  {caps.mcp.length > 0 ? ` · MCP: ${caps.mcp.join(", ")}` : ""}
+                  <span className="text-muted">{t("gallery.permissions")}</span>
+                  {caps.recommended_mode} {t("gallery.mode")}
+                  {caps.messaging ? t("gallery.canUseMessaging") : ""}
+                  {caps.mcp.length > 0 ? t("gallery.mcpList", { list: caps.mcp.join(", ") }) : ""}
                 </div>
                 {(detail.recommends?.length ?? 0) > 0 && (
                   <div>
-                    <div className="text-muted mb-1.5">Works with these connections:</div>
+                    <div className="text-muted mb-1.5">{t("gallery.worksWith")}</div>
                     <div className="space-y-1.5">
                       {detail.recommends!.map((r) => (
                         <div key={r.kind + r.ref} className="flex items-baseline gap-2">
                           <span className={CHIP + " inline-flex items-center gap-1 shrink-0"}>
                             <BrandIcon name={r.ref} size={12} />
                             {r.ref}
-                            {r.tier === "core" ? " · core" : ""}
+                            {r.tier === "core" ? t("gallery.coreSuffix") : ""}
                           </span>
                           <span className="text-[12px] text-faint">{r.reason}</span>
                         </div>
                       ))}
                     </div>
                     <div className="text-[11.5px] text-faint mt-2">
-                      You connect these yourself (one click when signed in) — installing the
-                      coworker grants it nothing until you do.
+                      {t("gallery.connectYourself")}
                     </div>
                   </div>
                 )}
@@ -372,23 +372,23 @@ export function GalleryModal({
       <div className="absolute left-1/2 top-[6vh] -translate-x-1/2 w-[720px] max-w-[94vw] max-h-[88vh] rounded-xl2 border border-line bg-panel shadow-2xl overflow-hidden flex flex-col">
         <div className="px-5 pt-4 pb-3 border-b border-line flex items-center gap-3 shrink-0">
           <div className="min-w-0 flex-1">
-            <div className="text-[15px] font-semibold">Persona Gallery</div>
+            <div className="text-[15px] font-semibold">{t("gallery.title")}</div>
             <div className="text-[12px] text-muted">
-              Curated coworkers · installs stay disabled until you approve them
+              {t("gallery.subtitle")}
             </div>
           </div>
           {cloud?.signed_in && !detailSlug && (
             <input
               value={query}
               onChange={(e) => setQuery(e.target.value)}
-              placeholder="Search personas"
+              placeholder={t("gallery.searchPersonas")}
               className="w-[180px] px-3 py-1.5 rounded-lg border border-line bg-paper text-[12.5px] text-ink outline-none focus:border-accent"
             />
           )}
           <button
             className="text-faint hover:text-ink shrink-0"
             onClick={onClose}
-            aria-label="Close gallery"
+            aria-label={t("gallery.closeGallery")}
             data-testid="gallery-close"
           >
             <Icon name="x" size={16} />
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ export function GalleryModal({
         <div className="overflow-y-auto hairline-scroll p-5">
           {loading ? (
             <div className="space-y-2" data-testid="gallery-loading" aria-busy="true">
-              <div className="text-[12.5px] text-muted mb-3">Loading the gallery…</div>
+              <div className="text-[12.5px] text-muted mb-3">{t("gallery.loadingGallery")}</div>
               {[0, 1, 2].map((i) => (
                 <div key={i} className={CARD + " p-3.5 animate-pulse"}>
                   <div className="h-3.5 w-44 rounded bg-line mb-2.5" />
@@ -409,15 +409,13 @@ export function GalleryModal({
           ) : cloud && !cloud.signed_in ? (
             <div className={CARD + " p-5 flex items-center gap-4"} data-testid="gallery-signin">
               <div className="min-w-0 flex-1">
-                <div className="font-semibold text-[14px] mb-1">Sign in to browse the Gallery</div>
+                <div className="font-semibold text-[14px] mb-1">{t("gallery.signInToBrowse")}</div>
                 <div className="text-[12.5px] text-muted leading-relaxed">
-                  The Gallery is a curated set of coworkers from OpenWorker Cloud and needs a
-                  (free) cloud sign-in. Installing personas from a folder or Git URL — on the
-                  Personas page — always works without an account.
+                  {t("gallery.signInDesc")}
                 </div>
               </div>
               <button className={BTN_ACCENT} onClick={signIn} disabled={signingIn}>
-                {signingIn ? "Check your browser…" : "Sign in"}
+                {signingIn ? t("cloud.checkBrowser") : t("setup.signIn")}
               </button>
             </div>
           ) : detailSlug ? (
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/components/InboxConfigure.tsx b/surfaces/gui/src/components/InboxConfigure.tsx
index 86f23e4b..f18c4169 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/src/components/InboxConfigure.tsx
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/components/InboxConfigure.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import {
   getConnectors,
   getDmRoute,
@@ -30,6 +31,7 @@ const SELECT = "px-2.5 py-1.5 rounded-lg border border-line bg-paper text-[13px]
 const BTN_ACCENT_SM = "text-[12px] px-2.5 py-1 rounded-md bg-accent text-white disabled:opacity-50";
 
 export function InboxConfigure() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   return (
     <div data-testid="inbox-configure">
       <div className="grid grid-cols-2 gap-4 mb-4">
@@ -40,11 +42,8 @@ export function InboxConfigure() {
       {/* Unrouted = delivery FAILURES ("messages that never reached you"), so it lives with
           the Inbox now (§28; previously with routing under Connectors, §26). */}
       <div className="mt-6" data-testid="unrouted-section">
-        <h3 className="text-[14px] font-semibold mb-1">Unrouted</h3>
-        <p className="text-[12.5px] text-muted mb-3">
-          Inbound messages and background-turn failures nothing claimed — nothing vanishes
-          silently.
-        </p>
+        <h3 className="text-[14px] font-semibold mb-1">{t("inboxConfig.unrouted")}</h3>
+        <p className="text-[12.5px] text-muted mb-3">{t("inboxConfig.unroutedDesc")}</p>
         <UnroutedTable />
       </div>
     </div>
@@ -54,6 +53,7 @@ export function InboxConfigure() {
 // Where an Unattended session's approvals/questions get mirrored as interactive buttons. Targets
 // the "default" route (sessions fall back to it); pick a channel separate from any you subscribe to.
 function InboxRoutingCard() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [recent, setRecent] = useState<RecentChannel[]>([]);
   const [connectors, setConnectors] = useState<Connector[]>([]);
   const [target, setTarget] = useState(""); // current default-binding address, e.g. "slack:C0123"
@@ -72,8 +72,8 @@ function InboxRoutingCard() {
   };
   useEffect(() => {
     load();
-    const t = setInterval(load, 5000);
-    return () => clearInterval(t);
+    const iv = setInterval(load, 5000);
+    return () => clearInterval(iv);
   }, []);
 
   const save = async () => {
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ function InboxRoutingCard() {
     const [platform, id] = addr.includes(":") ? addr.split(":", 2) : ["slack", addr];
     const result = await setInboxBinding("default", platform, id);
     if (!result.ok) {
-      setError(result.error || "Could not update Inbox routing.");
+      setError(result.error || t("inboxConfig.couldNotUpdate"));
       return;
     }
     setError(null);
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ function InboxRoutingCard() {
   const clear = async () => {
     const result = await setInboxBinding("default", null, "");
     if (!result.ok) {
-      setError(result.error || "Could not clear Inbox routing.");
+      setError(result.error || t("inboxConfig.couldNotClear"));
       return;
     }
     setError(null);
@@ -123,13 +123,13 @@ function InboxRoutingCard() {
 
   return (
     <div className={CARD + " p-4"} data-testid="inbox-mirror-card">
-      <div className="font-semibold text-[13.5px] mb-1">Unattended approvals</div>
+      <div className="font-semibold text-[13.5px] mb-1">{t("inboxConfig.unattendedApprovals")}</div>
       <p className="text-[12px] text-muted mb-3">
-        Channel where an Unattended session posts Approve/Deny buttons. Currently mirroring to{" "}
+        {t("inboxConfig.mirrorDesc")}{" "}
         <strong className="text-ink font-medium" title={target || undefined}>
-          {known ? `#${known}` : target || "in-app Inbox only"}
+          {known ? `#${known}` : target || t("inboxConfig.inAppInboxOnly")}
         </strong>
-        .
+        {t("inboxConfig.mirrorDescSuffix")}
       </p>
       <div className="flex items-center gap-2 flex-wrap">
         <span className="text-muted shrink-0">
@@ -141,18 +141,16 @@ function InboxRoutingCard() {
           disabled={!draft.trim() || missingSlackOwner}
           onClick={save}
         >
-          Set
+          {t("inboxConfig.set")}
         </button>
         {target && (
           <button className="text-[12px] text-danger/80 hover:text-danger" onClick={clear}>
-            clear
+            {t("inboxConfig.clear")}
           </button>
         )}
       </div>
       {missingSlackOwner && (
-        <p className="text-[11.5px] text-warnInk mt-2">
-          Choose an approval owner under Integrations → Slack before routing approvals here.
-        </p>
+        <p className="text-[11.5px] text-warnInk mt-2">{t("inboxConfig.chooseApprovalOwner")}</p>
       )}
       {error && <p className="text-[11.5px] text-warnInk mt-2">{error}</p>}
     </div>
@@ -161,6 +159,7 @@ function InboxRoutingCard() {
 
 // Which session handles incoming DMs to the bot. None → DMs park in the Unrouted section below.
 function DmRouteCard() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [sessions, setSessions] = useState<SessionInfo[]>([]);
   const [dm, setDm] = useState<string>("");
 
@@ -170,8 +169,8 @@ function DmRouteCard() {
   };
   useEffect(() => {
     load();
-    const t = setInterval(load, 5000);
-    return () => clearInterval(t);
+    const iv = setInterval(load, 5000);
+    return () => clearInterval(iv);
   }, []);
 
   const real = sessions.filter((s) => !s.session_id.startsWith("__"));
@@ -183,16 +182,14 @@ function DmRouteCard() {
 
   return (
     <div className={CARD + " p-4"}>
-      <div className="font-semibold text-[13.5px] mb-1">Direct messages</div>
-      <p className="text-[12px] text-muted mb-3">
-        Session that handles DMs to the bot. With none, DMs park under Unrouted below.
-      </p>
+      <div className="font-semibold text-[13.5px] mb-1">{t("inboxConfig.directMessages")}</div>
+      <p className="text-[12px] text-muted mb-3">{t("inboxConfig.dmDesc")}</p>
       <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
         <span className="text-muted shrink-0">
           <Icon name="chat" size={16} />
         </span>
         <select className={"flex-1 " + SELECT} value={dm} onChange={(e) => choose(e.target.value)}>
-          <option value="">No session — park DMs</option>
+          <option value="">{t("inboxConfig.noSessionParkDms")}</option>
           {real.map((s) => (
             <option key={s.session_id} value={s.session_id}>
               {s.title || s.session_id}
@@ -207,6 +204,7 @@ function DmRouteCard() {
 // Which sessions listen to which channels (inbound), and where each routes its Inbox (outbound).
 // Subscriptions can be created by the agent (it asks you via ask_user) or added here directly.
 function SubscriptionsCard() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [subs, setSubs] = useState<Subscription[] | null>(null);
   const [sessions, setSessions] = useState<SessionInfo[]>([]);
   const [recent, setRecent] = useState<RecentChannel[]>([]);
@@ -220,8 +218,8 @@ function SubscriptionsCard() {
   };
   useEffect(() => {
     load();
-    const t = setInterval(load, 5000);
-    return () => clearInterval(t);
+    const iv = setInterval(load, 5000);
+    return () => clearInterval(iv);
   }, []);
 
   const real = sessions.filter((s) => !s.session_id.startsWith("__"));
@@ -242,17 +240,17 @@ function SubscriptionsCard() {
         <span className="text-muted shrink-0">
           <Icon name="plug" size={15} />
         </span>
-        <span className="font-semibold text-[13.5px]">Channel subscriptions</span>
-        <span className="text-[12px] text-muted">— sessions that listen to a channel (inbound)</span>
+        <span className="font-semibold text-[13.5px]">{t("inboxConfig.channelSubscriptions")}</span>
+        <span className="text-[12px] text-muted">{t("inboxConfig.sessionsListen")}</span>
       </div>
 
       {subs && subs.length > 0 ? (
         <table className="w-full text-[13px]">
           <thead className="text-[11px] uppercase tracking-[0.04em] text-faint">
             <tr className="text-left">
-              <th className="font-medium px-4 py-2">Session</th>
-              <th className="font-medium px-4 py-2">Listens to</th>
-              <th className="font-medium px-4 py-2">Inbox routes to</th>
+              <th className="font-medium px-4 py-2">{t("inboxConfig.sessionColumn")}</th>
+              <th className="font-medium px-4 py-2">{t("inboxConfig.listensTo")}</th>
+              <th className="font-medium px-4 py-2">{t("inboxConfig.inboxRoutesTo")}</th>
               <th className="px-4 py-2" />
             </tr>
           </thead>
@@ -275,9 +273,9 @@ function SubscriptionsCard() {
                   {s.collision && (
                     <span
                       className="ml-1.5 text-[11px] text-warnInk bg-warnSoft/70 border border-warnInk/15 rounded px-1.5 py-0.5"
-                      title="This channel is also your Inbox-routing target — inbound and outbound on one channel conflate broadcast with request/reply."
+                      title={t("inboxConfig.collisionTitle")}
                     >
-                      ⚠ collides
+                      {t("inboxConfig.collides")}
                     </span>
                   )}
                 </td>
@@ -285,7 +283,7 @@ function SubscriptionsCard() {
                 <td className="px-4 py-2.5 text-right">
                   <button
                     className="text-faint hover:text-danger"
-                    title="Unsubscribe"
+                    title={t("subscriptions.unsubscribe")}
                     onClick={() => remove(s.session_id, s.channel)}
                   >
                     ×
@@ -296,9 +294,7 @@ function SubscriptionsCard() {
           </tbody>
         </table>
       ) : (
-        <div className="px-4 py-3 text-[12.5px] text-muted">
-          No channel subscriptions yet — add one below or ask a coworker to watch a channel.
-        </div>
+        <div className="px-4 py-3 text-[12.5px] text-muted">{t("inboxConfig.noSubscriptions")}</div>
       )}
 
       <div className="border-t border-line px-4 py-3 flex items-center gap-2 flex-wrap">
@@ -307,7 +303,7 @@ function SubscriptionsCard() {
           value={addSession}
           onChange={(e) => setAddSession(e.target.value)}
         >
-          <option value="">Choose a session…</option>
+          <option value="">{t("inboxConfig.chooseSession")}</option>
           {real.map((s) => (
             <option key={s.session_id} value={s.session_id}>
               {s.title || s.session_id}
@@ -316,7 +312,7 @@ function SubscriptionsCard() {
         </select>
         <ChannelPicker value={addChannel} onChange={setAddChannel} recent={recent} onSubmit={add} />
         <button className={BTN_ACCENT_SM} disabled={!addSession || !addChannel.trim()} onClick={add}>
-          + Subscribe
+          {t("inboxConfig.subscribe")}
         </button>
       </div>
     </div>
@@ -326,20 +322,19 @@ function SubscriptionsCard() {
 // Dead-letter view: inbound messages that had no destination (e.g. a DM with no session designated)
 // and background turns that failed (e.g. a dead model). Read-only — for visibility/debugging.
 function UnroutedTable() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [items, setItems] = useState<UnroutedItem[] | null>(null);
 
   useEffect(() => {
     const load = () => getUnrouted().then(setItems).catch(() => setItems([]));
     load();
-    const t = setInterval(load, 5000);
-    return () => clearInterval(t);
+    const iv = setInterval(load, 5000);
+    return () => clearInterval(iv);
   }, []);
 
   if (items && items.length === 0)
     return (
-      <div className={CARD + " p-4 text-[13px] text-muted"}>
-        Nothing here — no dropped messages or failed turns.
-      </div>
+      <div className={CARD + " p-4 text-[13px] text-muted"}>{t("inboxConfig.nothingHere")}</div>
     );
 
   return (
@@ -347,10 +342,10 @@ function UnroutedTable() {
       <table className="w-full text-[13px]">
         <thead className="text-[11px] uppercase tracking-[0.04em] text-faint">
           <tr className="text-left">
-            <th className="font-medium px-4 py-2">When</th>
-            <th className="font-medium px-4 py-2">Source</th>
-            <th className="font-medium px-4 py-2">Reason</th>
-            <th className="font-medium px-4 py-2">Message</th>
+            <th className="font-medium px-4 py-2">{t("inboxConfig.when")}</th>
+            <th className="font-medium px-4 py-2">{t("inboxConfig.source")}</th>
+            <th className="font-medium px-4 py-2">{t("inboxConfig.reason")}</th>
+            <th className="font-medium px-4 py-2">{t("inboxConfig.message")}</th>
           </tr>
         </thead>
         <tbody>
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/components/InboxItemCard.tsx b/surfaces/gui/src/components/InboxItemCard.tsx
index a4075636..03e76735 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/src/components/InboxItemCard.tsx
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/components/InboxItemCard.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useState, type ReactNode } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import type { InboxItem } from "../api";
 import { humanizeApprovalTitle } from "../humanize";
 import {
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ export function InboxItemCard({
 }) {
   const [answer, setAnswer] = useState("");
   const [selected, setSelected] = useState<string[]>([]);
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const options = item.options || [];
   const multi = !!item.multi;
   const allowText = item.allow_text !== false;
@@ -60,7 +62,7 @@ export function InboxItemCard({
         }}
       />
       <button className={BTN_PRIMARY} disabled={!answer.trim()} onClick={() => onResolve(item.id, answer)}>
-        Send
+        {t("inboxItem.send")}
       </button>
     </div>
   );
@@ -80,7 +82,7 @@ export function InboxItemCard({
         <div className="flex items-center justify-between gap-3">
           <TitleText line={humanizeApprovalTitle(item.data.tool, item.data.arguments)} />
           {(() => {
-            const s = scopeNote(item.data.tool, item.data.arguments);
+            const s = scopeNote(t, item.data.tool, item.data.arguments);
             return (
               <span className={"text-[11px] whitespace-nowrap pt-0.5 " + (s.external ? "text-warnInk" : "text-faint")}>
                 {s.text}
@@ -111,7 +113,7 @@ export function InboxItemCard({
             className={item.data?.tool ? BTN_ACCENT : BTN_PRIMARY}
             onClick={() => onResolve(item.id, "allow")}
           >
-            {item.data?.tool ? approvalActionLabels(item.data.tool).allow : "Approve"}
+            {item.data?.tool ? approvalActionLabels(t, item.data.tool).allow : t("approval.approve")}
           </button>
           {/* Task-persistent standing grant (§25) — present only when the approval was
               raised inside an automation run AND the call can carry a tool+target rule.
@@ -119,17 +121,20 @@ export function InboxItemCard({
           {item.data?.task_id && item.data?.standing_target && (
             <button
               className={BTN_BORDERED}
-              title={`Always allow against ${item.data.standing_target} for “${item.data.task_title || "this automation"}” — revoke any time on its Automations page`}
+              title={t("inboxItem.alwaysAllowTarget", {
+                target: item.data.standing_target,
+                title: item.data.task_title || t("inboxItem.thisAutomation"),
+              })}
               onClick={() => onResolve(item.id, "always_task")}
             >
-              Allow every time
+              {t("approval.allowEveryTime")}
             </button>
           )}
           <button
             className={item.data?.tool ? BTN_QUIET : BTN_BORDERED}
             onClick={() => onResolve(item.id, "deny")}
           >
-            {item.data?.tool ? approvalActionLabels(item.data.tool).deny : "Deny"}
+            {item.data?.tool ? approvalActionLabels(t, item.data.tool).deny : t("approval.deny")}
           </button>
         </div>
       ) : item.kind === "question" ? (
@@ -162,19 +167,20 @@ export function InboxItemCard({
                 disabled={!selected.length}
                 onClick={() => onResolve(item.id, selected.join(", "))}
               >
-                Send{selected.length ? ` (${selected.length})` : ""}
+                {t("inboxItem.send")}
+                {selected.length ? ` (${selected.length})` : ""}
               </button>
             </div>
           )}
           {(allowText || options.length === 0) &&
-            textRow(options.length ? "Or type your own answer…" : "Your answer…")}
+            textRow(options.length ? t("inboxItem.orTypeYourOwn") : t("inboxItem.yourAnswer"))}
         </>
       ) : item.kind === "directory" ? (
         <div className="flex items-center gap-2 mt-2.5">
           <button
             className={BTN_PRIMARY}
             disabled={!item.data?.path}
-            title={item.data?.path || "No folder was suggested"}
+            title={item.data?.path || t("inboxItem.noFolderSuggested")}
             onClick={() =>
               onResolve(
                 item.id,
@@ -182,10 +188,10 @@ export function InboxItemCard({
               )
             }
           >
-            {item.data?.path ? "Grant" : "Grant (no folder)"}
+            {item.data?.path ? t("inbox.grant") : t("inboxItem.grantNoFolder")}
           </button>
           <button className={BTN_BORDERED} onClick={() => onResolve(item.id, JSON.stringify({ granted: false }))}>
-            Deny
+            {t("approval.deny")}
           </button>
         </div>
       ) : item.kind === "plan" ? (
@@ -194,19 +200,19 @@ export function InboxItemCard({
             className={BTN_PRIMARY}
             onClick={() => onResolve(item.id, JSON.stringify({ approved: true, mode: "interactive" }))}
           >
-            Approve
+            {t("approval.approve")}
           </button>
           <button
             className={BTN_BORDERED}
             onClick={() => onResolve(item.id, JSON.stringify({ approved: false, feedback: "" }))}
           >
-            Reject
+            {t("inboxItem.reject")}
           </button>
         </div>
       ) : (
         <div className="flex items-center gap-2 mt-2.5">
           <button className={BTN_BORDERED} onClick={() => onResolve(item.id, "seen")}>
-            Dismiss
+            {t("common.dismiss")}
           </button>
         </div>
       )}
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/components/InboxView.tsx b/surfaces/gui/src/components/InboxView.tsx
index 896f0cb7..a7c9db8c 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/src/components/InboxView.tsx
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/components/InboxView.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useEffect, useMemo, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import {
   getConnectors,
   getInbox,
@@ -23,10 +24,10 @@ const ICON_FOR: Record<string, "diamond" | "chat" | "code"> = {
   code: "code",
 };
 
-const KIND_TABS: { key: string; label: string }[] = [
-  { key: "all", label: "All" },
-  { key: "approval", label: "Approvals" },
-  { key: "question", label: "Questions" },
+const KIND_TABS: { key: string; labelKey: string }[] = [
+  { key: "all", labelKey: "common.all" },
+  { key: "approval", labelKey: "inbox.kindApprovals" },
+  { key: "question", labelKey: "inbox.kindQuestions" },
 ];
 
 const CHIP = (active: boolean) =>
@@ -57,6 +58,7 @@ export function InboxView({
   onOpenSession: (sessionId: string, workspace: string, agent: string) => void;
 }) {
   const [tab, setTab] = useState<"pending" | "configure">("pending");
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [items, setItems] = useState<InboxItem[]>([]);
   const [personas, setPersonas] = useState<Persona[] | null>(null);
   const [routing, setRouting] = useState<string | null>(null); // e.g. "slack:C0123" or null
@@ -85,11 +87,11 @@ export function InboxView({
       .then((cs) => setSlackConnected(!!cs.find((c) => c.name === "slack" && c.connected)))
       .catch(() => {});
     getRecentChannels().then(setRecent).catch(() => setRecent([]));
-    const t = setInterval(() => {
+    const iv = setInterval(() => {
       load();
       loadRouting(); // edits happen on the Configure tab; keep Pending's status line honest
     }, 4000);
-    return () => clearInterval(t);
+    return () => clearInterval(iv);
   }, []);
 
   const resolve = async (id: string, resolution: string) => {
@@ -122,7 +124,7 @@ export function InboxView({
     return (
       <button
         className="inbox-session-chip"
-        title={exists ? `Open “${label}”` : "Session unavailable"}
+        title={exists ? t("inbox.openLabel", { label }) : t("inbox.sessionUnavailable")}
         disabled={!exists}
         onClick={() =>
           exists && onOpenSession(it.session_id, it.session_workspace || "", it.session_agent || "cowork")
@@ -145,8 +147,8 @@ export function InboxView({
       <div className="flex-1 min-w-0 overflow-y-auto hairline-scroll">
         <div className="max-w-4xl mx-auto px-7 py-6">
           <PanelHead
-            title="Inbox"
-            sub="Approvals, questions, and notifications from your coworkers — including sessions running unattended."
+            title={t("inbox.title")}
+            sub={t("inbox.subtitleDetail")}
           />
 
           <div className="flex gap-5 border-b border-line mb-4">
@@ -161,7 +163,7 @@ export function InboxView({
                 load();
               }}
             >
-              Pending
+              {t("inbox.tabPending")}
               {items.length > 0 && (
                 <span className="text-[11px] px-1.5 rounded-full bg-accentSoft text-accent leading-4">
                   {items.length}
@@ -173,7 +175,7 @@ export function InboxView({
               data-testid="inbox-tab-configure"
               onClick={() => setTab("configure")}
             >
-              Configure
+              {t("inbox.tabConfigure")}
               {unroutedCount > 0 && (
                 <span className="text-[11px] px-1.5 rounded-full bg-warnSoft text-warnInk leading-4">
                   ⚠ {unroutedCount}
@@ -189,18 +191,17 @@ export function InboxView({
               <div className="text-[12px] text-faint -mt-1 mb-4" data-testid="inbox-routing">
                 {routing ? (
                   <span>
-                    Also delivered to{" "}
+                    {t("inbox.alsoDeliveredTo")}{" "}
                     <span className="text-muted" title={routing}>
                       {routingLabel}
                     </span>{" "}
-                    — replies there resolve items here.{" "}
+                    {t("inbox.repliesResolve")}{" "}
                   </span>
                 ) : slackConnected ? (
-                  <span>Delivered here only. </span>
+                  <span>{t("inbox.deliveredHereOnly")} </span>
                 ) : (
                   <span>
-                    Delivered here only. Connect Slack (Connectors page) to also get these in a
-                    channel — more platforms later.{" "}
+                    {t("inbox.connectSlack")}{" "}
                   </span>
                 )}
                 <button
@@ -208,14 +209,14 @@ export function InboxView({
                   data-testid="inbox-route-configure"
                   onClick={() => setTab("configure")}
                 >
-                  Configure ›
+                  {t("inbox.configureRoute")}
                 </button>
               </div>
 
               <div className="flex items-center gap-2 flex-wrap mb-4" data-testid="inbox-filters">
-                {KIND_TABS.map((t) => (
-                  <button key={t.key} className={CHIP(kind === t.key)} onClick={() => setKind(t.key)}>
-                    {t.label}
+                {KIND_TABS.map((kt) => (
+                  <button key={kt.key} className={CHIP(kind === kt.key)} onClick={() => setKind(kt.key)}>
+                    {t(kt.labelKey)}
                   </button>
                 ))}
                 {personasWithItems.length > 1 && (
@@ -225,7 +226,7 @@ export function InboxView({
                       className={CHIP(personaFilter === "all")}
                       onClick={() => setPersonaFilter("all")}
                     >
-                      All coworkers
+                      {t("inbox.allCoworkers")}
                     </button>
                     {personasWithItems.map((p) => (
                       <button
@@ -242,7 +243,7 @@ export function InboxView({
 
               {visible.length === 0 ? (
                 <div className="manage-empty">
-                  {items.length === 0 ? "Nothing pending." : "Nothing pending for this filter."}
+                  {items.length === 0 ? t("inbox.nothingPending") : t("inbox.nothingFilter")}
                 </div>
               ) : null}
 
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/components/IntegrationsView.tsx b/surfaces/gui/src/components/IntegrationsView.tsx
index d1674b3f..0fd149aa 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/src/components/IntegrationsView.tsx
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/components/IntegrationsView.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import { getConnectors } from "../api";
 import { McpTab } from "./ManageTabs";
 import { ConnectorsSection } from "./connectors/ConnectorsSection";
@@ -13,12 +14,13 @@ type IntTab = "connectors" | "mcp";
 
 // Fixed sub-nav (UX-DECISIONS §21): connector detail lives as a SUBPAGE under
 // Connectors, never as a nav item — the nav must not grow per connector.
-const INT_TABS: { key: IntTab; label: string; icon: "plug" | "code" }[] = [
-  { key: "connectors", label: "Connectors", icon: "plug" },
-  { key: "mcp", label: "MCP servers", icon: "code" },
+const INT_TABS: { key: IntTab; labelKey: string; icon: "plug" | "code" }[] = [
+  { key: "connectors", labelKey: "integrations.connectors", icon: "plug" },
+  { key: "mcp", labelKey: "integrations.mcpServers", icon: "code" },
 ];
 
 export function IntegrationsView() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [tab, setTab] = useState<IntTab>("connectors");
   // Sub-nav count: how many connectors exist. Polled so the badge stays live.
   const [connCount, setConnCount] = useState<number | null>(null);
@@ -28,33 +30,33 @@ export function IntegrationsView() {
       getConnectors().then((cs) => setConnCount(cs.length)).catch(() => {});
     };
     load();
-    const t = setInterval(load, 5000);
-    return () => clearInterval(t);
+    const iv = setInterval(load, 5000);
+    return () => clearInterval(iv);
   }, []);
 
   return (
     <main className="flex-1 min-w-0 flex bg-paper">
       <nav className="page-subnav w-[208px] shrink-0 border-r border-line bg-panel/40 px-3 py-4">
         <div className="px-2 text-[13.5px] font-semibold mb-3 flex items-center gap-2">
-          <Icon name="plug" size={16} /> Connectors
+          <Icon name="plug" size={16} /> {t("integrations.connectors")}
         </div>
-        {INT_TABS.map((t) => {
-          const active = tab === t.key;
+        {INT_TABS.map((tabItem) => {
+          const active = tab === tabItem.key;
           return (
             <button
-              key={t.key}
+              key={tabItem.key}
               className={
                 "w-full text-left px-2.5 py-2 rounded-lg text-[13px] flex items-center justify-between " +
                 (active
                   ? "bg-paper text-accent font-medium"
                   : "text-muted hover:bg-paper hover:text-ink")
               }
-              onClick={() => setTab(t.key)}
+              onClick={() => setTab(tabItem.key)}
             >
               <span className="flex items-center gap-2 min-w-0">
-                <Icon name={t.icon} size={15} /> {t.label}
+                <Icon name={tabItem.icon} size={15} /> {t(tabItem.labelKey)}
               </span>
-              {t.key === "connectors" && connCount != null && (
+              {tabItem.key === "connectors" && connCount != null && (
                 <span className={"text-[11px] shrink-0 " + (active ? "text-accent" : "text-faint")}>
                   {connCount}
                 </span>
@@ -69,16 +71,16 @@ export function IntegrationsView() {
           {tab === "connectors" ? (
             <section>
               <PanelHead
-                title="Connectors"
-                sub="Apps and tools your coworkers can use. Connected ones come first."
+                title={t("integrations.connectors")}
+                sub={t("integrations.connectorsSub")}
               />
               <ConnectorsSection />
             </section>
           ) : (
             <section>
               <PanelHead
-                title="MCP servers"
-                sub="External tool servers (stdio or HTTP), shared across all agents."
+                title={t("integrations.mcpServers")}
+                sub={t("integrations.mcpSub")}
               />
               <McpTab />
             </section>
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/components/ManageTabs.tsx b/surfaces/gui/src/components/ManageTabs.tsx
index f9ab2992..d0159cd9 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/src/components/ManageTabs.tsx
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/components/ManageTabs.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import {
   addMcpServer,
   allowUser,
@@ -33,15 +34,15 @@ import { ProviderCards, ProviderForm, useProviderSetup } from "../providers/Prov
 import { Toggle } from "./Toggle";
 
 // "2h ago"-style label for the providers' Last-used line (null when never used).
-const relTime = (epoch?: number | null): string | null => {
+const relTime = (t: (s: string, o?: Record<string, unknown>) => string, epoch?: number | null): string | null => {
   if (!epoch) return null;
   const secs = Math.max(0, Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000 - epoch));
-  if (secs < 90) return "just now";
+  if (secs < 90) return t("time.justNow");
   const mins = Math.floor(secs / 60);
-  if (mins < 60) return `${mins}m ago`;
+  if (mins < 60) return t("time.minAgo", { count: mins });
   const hrs = Math.floor(mins / 60);
-  if (hrs < 48) return `${hrs}h ago`;
-  return `${Math.floor(hrs / 24)}d ago`;
+  if (hrs < 48) return t("time.hourAgo", { count: hrs });
+  return t("time.dayAgo", { count: Math.floor(hrs / 24) });
 };
 
 // Shared tab bodies for the Settings and Integrations pages (the old top-tab ManageModal was retired
@@ -76,6 +77,7 @@ const EXAMPLE = `{
 // key…" affordance, the global composer-picker card (gallery view), and the
 // per-provider ModelChecklist / read-only model preview (form view).
 export function ModelsTab() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [settings, setSettings] = useState<ModelSettings | null>(null);
   const refreshSettings = () => getSettings().then(setSettings).catch(() => setSettings(null));
   const ps = useProviderSetup({ onSaved: refreshSettings });
@@ -83,7 +85,7 @@ export function ModelsTab() {
     refreshSettings();
   }, []);
 
-  if (!settings) return <div className="text-[13px] text-muted">Loading…</div>;
+  if (!settings) return <div className="text-[13px] text-muted">{t("common.loading")}</div>;
 
   const info = ps.info;
   const knownNames = ps.providers.map((p) => p.name);
@@ -108,10 +110,10 @@ export function ModelsTab() {
               className="text-[12.5px] text-danger/80 hover:text-danger hover:underline underline-offset-2"
               data-testid="set-remove-key"
               onClick={() => {
-                if (window.confirm(`Remove the ${info?.title} key from this computer?`)) ps.removeKey();
+                if (window.confirm(t("manageTabs.removeKeyConfirm", { name: info?.title }))) ps.removeKey();
               }}
             >
-              Remove key…
+              {t("manageTabs.removeKey")}
             </button>
           ) : null
         }
@@ -119,17 +121,17 @@ export function ModelsTab() {
 
       {ps.sel === "openai" && settings.source === "env" && (
         <p className="text-[12px] text-muted mt-3 leading-relaxed">
-          A key is set via <code>OPENAI_API_KEY</code> in this server's environment. You can override
-          it above; the stored key is used only when the environment variable is absent.
+          {t("manageTabs.envKeyBefore")}
+          <code>OPENAI_API_KEY</code>
+          {t("manageTabs.envKeyAfter")}
         </p>
       )}
 
       {info?.configured ? (
         <div className="mt-6">
-          <div className={SEC_H + " mb-1.5"}>Models</div>
+          <div className={SEC_H + " mb-1.5"}>{t("models.title")}</div>
           <p className="text-[12px] text-muted mb-2.5 leading-relaxed">
-            Ticked models show in the composer's picker; the black badge marks the default for new
-            sessions.
+            {t("manageTabs.modelsTickedHelp")}
           </p>
           <ModelChecklist
             provider={ps.sel}
@@ -146,9 +148,9 @@ export function ModelsTab() {
         // key unlocks is part of deciding to get one at all (owner ask, 2026-07-04).
         (info?.suggested_models?.length || 0) > 0 && (
           <div className="mt-6" data-testid="model-preview">
-            <div className={SEC_H + " mb-1.5"}>Included models</div>
+            <div className={SEC_H + " mb-1.5"}>{t("manageTabs.includedModels")}</div>
             <p className="text-[12px] text-muted mb-2.5 leading-relaxed">
-              Curated, agent-capable models this provider serves — add your key above to enable them.
+              {t("manageTabs.curatedModelsHelp")}
             </p>
             <div className="space-y-1">
               {(info?.suggested_models || []).map((m) => {
@@ -183,6 +185,7 @@ function ComposerPickerCard({
   providers: ProviderInfo[];
   onChanged: () => void;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const names = providers.map((p) => p.name);
   const provOf = (id: string) => {
     const i = id.indexOf(":");
@@ -194,10 +197,9 @@ function ComposerPickerCard({
   };
   return (
     <div className="mt-6" data-testid="composer-picker">
-      <div className={SEC_H + " mb-1.5"}>In the composer's picker</div>
+      <div className={SEC_H + " mb-1.5"}>{t("manageTabs.inComposerPicker")}</div>
       <p className="text-[12px] text-muted mb-2.5 leading-relaxed">
-        The models offered when starting a session; the black badge marks the default. Add more
-        from a provider's card above.
+        {t("manageTabs.composerPickerHelp")}
       </p>
       <div className="mlist">
         {settings.models.map((id) => {
@@ -209,7 +211,7 @@ function ComposerPickerCard({
                   type="checkbox"
                   checked
                   disabled={isDefault}
-                  title={isDefault ? "The default model is always shown — make another model default first" : "Remove from the picker"}
+                  title={isDefault ? t("modelChecklist.defaultModelAlwaysShown") : t("manageTabs.removeFromPicker")}
                   onChange={() => removeModel(id).then((r) => r.ok && onChanged())}
                 />
                 <span className="mlist-name" title={id}>
@@ -218,10 +220,10 @@ function ComposerPickerCard({
               </label>
               <span className="text-[11px] text-faint mr-2 shrink-0">{tag(id)}</span>
               {isDefault ? (
-                <span className="mlist-default">default</span>
+                <span className="mlist-default">{t("modelChecklist.default")}</span>
               ) : (
                 <button className="mlist-make" onClick={() => setDefaultModel(id).then(() => onChanged())}>
-                  Make default
+                  {t("modelChecklist.makeDefault")}
                 </button>
               )}
             </div>
@@ -234,16 +236,17 @@ function ComposerPickerCard({
 
 // Curated OAuth quick-adds: remote MCP servers with browser sign-in (OAuth 2.1 + DCR) —
 // no keys to paste, tokens stay in the local secret store. First: Granola.
-const MCP_PRESETS: { name: string; label: string; blurb: string; config: Record<string, any> }[] = [
+const MCP_PRESETS: { name: string; label: string; blurbKey: string; config: Record<string, any> }[] = [
   {
     name: "granola",
     label: "Granola",
-    blurb: "Meeting notes & transcripts — sign in with your Granola account.",
+    blurbKey: "manageTabs.granolaBlurb",
     config: { type: "http", url: "https://mcp.granola.ai/mcp", auth: "oauth" },
   },
 ];
 
 export function McpTab() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [servers, setServers] = useState<McpServer[]>([]);
   const [adding, setAdding] = useState(false);
   const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
@@ -274,22 +277,21 @@ export function McpTab() {
   return (
     <div className="space-y-3">
       <p className="text-[12.5px] text-muted leading-relaxed">
-        External tool servers (stdio or HTTP), shared across all agents. Enabled servers' tools are
-        permission-gated. Changes apply to new sessions —{" "}
+        {t("manageTabs.mcpIntro")}
         <button
           className="text-accent font-medium hover:underline"
           onClick={() => reloadMcp().then(refresh)}
         >
-          reload now
+          {t("manageTabs.reloadNow")}
         </button>
         .
       </p>
 
       {servers.length === 0 && !adding ? (
         <div className={CARD + " p-4 text-[13px] text-muted"}>
-          No MCP servers configured.{" "}
+          {t("manageTabs.noMcpServers")}{" "}
           <button className="text-accent font-medium" onClick={() => setAdding(true)}>
-            Add a server
+            {t("manageTabs.addServer")}
           </button>
         </div>
       ) : (
@@ -311,7 +313,7 @@ export function McpTab() {
         <div key={p.name} className={CARD + " p-3.5 flex items-center gap-3"} data-testid={`mcp-preset-${p.name}`}>
           <div className="flex-1 min-w-0">
             <div className="text-[14px] font-medium">{p.label}</div>
-            <div className="text-[11.5px] text-faint">{p.blurb}</div>
+            <div className="text-[11.5px] text-faint">{t(p.blurbKey)}</div>
           </div>
           <button
             className={BTN_ACCENT}
@@ -321,7 +323,7 @@ export function McpTab() {
               refresh();
             }}
           >
-            Connect
+            {t("manageTabs.connect")}
           </button>
         </div>
       ))}
@@ -341,7 +343,7 @@ export function McpTab() {
         />
       ) : servers.length > 0 ? (
         <button className={BTN_ACCENT} onClick={() => setAdding(true)}>
-          + Add server
+          {t("manageTabs.addServerPlus")}
         </button>
       ) : null}
       {error && <div className="text-[12.5px] text-danger">{error}</div>}
@@ -360,6 +362,7 @@ function McpRow({
   onRemove: () => void;
   onRefresh: () => void;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [tools, setTools] = useState<{ name: string; description: string }[] | null>(null);
   const [busy, setBusy] = useState(false);
   const [toolErr, setToolErr] = useState<string | null>(null);
@@ -385,36 +388,36 @@ function McpRow({
     const res = await getMcpTools(server.name);
     setBusy(false);
     if (res.ok) setTools(res.tools);
-    else setToolErr(res.error || "failed to connect");
+    else setToolErr(res.error || t("manageTabs.failedToConnect"));
   };
 
   return (
     <div className={CARD + " p-3.5"}>
       <div className="flex items-center gap-3">
-        <Toggle checked={server.enabled} onChange={onToggle} title="Enable this server" />
+        <Toggle checked={server.enabled} onChange={onToggle} title={t("manageTabs.enableServer")} />
         <div className="flex-1 min-w-0">
           <div className="text-[14px] font-medium">{server.name}</div>
           <div className="text-[11.5px] text-faint">
-            {server.transport} · {authorizing ? "signing in…" : server.status.replace("_", " ")}
-            {server.tool_count != null ? ` · ${server.tool_count} tools` : ""}
-            {server.requires_approval ? " · asks" : ""}
-            {isOauth ? " · oauth" : ""}
+            {server.transport} · {authorizing ? t("manageTabs.signingIn") : server.status.replace("_", " ")}
+            {server.tool_count != null ? t("manageTabs.toolCount", { count: server.tool_count }) : ""}
+            {server.requires_approval ? t("manageTabs.asksSuffix") : ""}
+            {isOauth ? t("manageTabs.oauthSuffix") : ""}
           </div>
         </div>
         {isOauth &&
           (server.status === "needs_auth" ? (
             <button className={BTN_ACCENT} onClick={signIn} data-testid={`mcp-signin-${server.name}`}>
-              Sign in
+              {t("setup.signIn")}
             </button>
           ) : authorizing ? (
-            <span className="text-[12px] text-muted shrink-0">waiting for browser…</span>
+            <span className="text-[12px] text-muted shrink-0">{t("manageTabs.waitingForBrowser")}</span>
           ) : server.status === "connected" ? (
             <button
               className="text-[12px] text-muted hover:text-ink shrink-0"
               onClick={signOut}
               data-testid={`mcp-signout-${server.name}`}
             >
-              sign out
+              {t("manageTabs.signOut")}
             </button>
           ) : null)}
         <button
@@ -422,10 +425,10 @@ function McpRow({
           onClick={loadTools}
           disabled={busy}
         >
-          {busy ? "…" : tools ? "hide tools" : "tools"}
+          {busy ? "…" : tools ? t("manageTabs.hideTools") : t("manageTabs.tools")}
         </button>
         <button className={BTN_DANGER} onClick={onRemove}>
-          remove
+          {t("manageTabs.remove")}
         </button>
       </div>
       {server.last_error && server.status !== "connected" && (
@@ -434,7 +437,7 @@ function McpRow({
       {toolErr && <div className="text-[12.5px] text-danger mt-1.5">{toolErr}</div>}
       {tools && (
         <div className="mt-2.5 pt-2.5 border-t border-line flex flex-wrap gap-1.5">
-          {tools.length === 0 && <div className="text-[12px] text-faint">No tools.</div>}
+          {tools.length === 0 && <div className="text-[12px] text-faint">{t("manageTabs.noTools")}</div>}
           {tools.map((t) => (
             <span
               key={t.name}
@@ -459,6 +462,7 @@ function AddForm({
   onAdded: () => void;
   onError: (e: string | null) => void;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [text, setText] = useState(EXAMPLE);
 
   const save = async () => {
@@ -467,7 +471,7 @@ function AddForm({
     try {
       parsed = JSON.parse(text);
     } catch (e: any) {
-      onError("Invalid JSON: " + e.message);
+      onError(t("manageTabs.invalidJson", { error: e.message }));
       return;
     }
     // Accept either {mcpServers:{...}}, {name:{...}}, or a single bare config.
@@ -477,7 +481,7 @@ function AddForm({
         ? Object.entries(map)
         : null;
     if (!entries || entries.length === 0) {
-      onError('Paste a `{ "<name>": { … } }` object (or a full mcpServers block).');
+      onError(t("manageTabs.pasteObjectHint"));
       return;
     }
     for (const [name, config] of entries) {
@@ -488,7 +492,7 @@ function AddForm({
 
   return (
     <div className="space-y-2">
-      <div className="text-[12.5px] text-muted">Paste server JSON (name → config):</div>
+      <div className="text-[12.5px] text-muted">{t("manageTabs.pasteServerJson")}</div>
       <textarea
         value={text}
         onChange={(e) => setText(e.target.value)}
@@ -498,10 +502,10 @@ function AddForm({
       />
       <div className="flex items-center gap-3">
         <button className={BTN_ACCENT} onClick={save}>
-          Add
+          {t("manageTabs.add")}
         </button>
         <button className="text-[12.5px] text-muted hover:text-ink" onClick={onCancel}>
-          cancel
+          {t("manageTabs.cancel")}
         </button>
       </div>
     </div>
@@ -528,6 +532,7 @@ export function UnauthorizedBlock({
   onChanged: () => void;
   teamId?: string;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const items = (c.unauthorized ?? []).filter(
     (m) => teamId === undefined || m.team_id === teamId,
   );
@@ -542,41 +547,41 @@ export function UnauthorizedBlock({
       data-testid={teamId ? `unauthorized-${c.name}-${teamId}` : `unauthorized-${c.name}`}
     >
       <div className={SEC_H + " mb-2"}>
-        Messages from senders you haven't allowed · {items.length}
+        {t("manageTabs.messagesNotAllowed", { count: items.length })}
       </div>
       <div className="space-y-2">
         {items.map((m) => (
           <div key={m.id} className="rounded-xl border border-line bg-paper p-2.5">
             <div className="flex items-center gap-2 text-[12px] text-muted">
               <span className="font-medium text-ink">{m.user_name || m.user_id}</span>
-              <span>in {m.chat_name || m.chat_id}</span>
-              <span className="ml-auto shrink-0">{relTime(m.ts) || ""}</span>
+              <span>{t("manageTabs.inChannel", { channel: m.chat_name || m.chat_id })}</span>
+              <span className="ml-auto shrink-0">{relTime(t, m.ts) || ""}</span>
             </div>
             <div className="text-[12.5px] mt-1 break-words">{m.text}</div>
             <div className="flex items-center gap-1.5 mt-2">
               <button
                 className="text-[11.5px] px-2 py-1 rounded-md bg-accent text-white"
                 data-testid={`parked-allow-deliver-${m.id}`}
-                title="Add the sender to the allow-list and deliver this message now"
+                title={t("manageTabs.allowDeliverTitle")}
                 onClick={() => act(m.id, "allow_deliver")}
               >
-                Allow & deliver
+                {t("manageTabs.allowAndDeliver")}
               </button>
               <button
                 className={BTN_BORDERED}
                 data-testid={`parked-allow-${m.id}`}
-                title="Add the sender to the allow-list; this message is discarded"
+                title={t("manageTabs.allowOnlyTitle")}
                 onClick={() => act(m.id, "allow")}
               >
-                Allow only
+                {t("manageTabs.allowOnly")}
               </button>
               <button
                 className="text-[11.5px] px-2 py-1 rounded-md text-faint hover:text-danger"
                 data-testid={`parked-dismiss-${m.id}`}
-                title="Throw this message away"
+                title={t("manageTabs.dismissTitle")}
                 onClick={() => act(m.id, "dismiss")}
               >
-                Dismiss
+                {t("manageTabs.dismiss")}
               </button>
             </div>
           </div>
@@ -590,6 +595,7 @@ export function UnauthorizedBlock({
 // Channel-subscriptions table (Integrations ▸ Messaging routing). Subscribing happens from a
 // session's Sources ▸ Channels panel; here the owner can see and revoke.
 export function ListeningSessionsBlock({ c }: { c: Connector }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [subs, setSubs] = useState<Subscription[] | null>(null);
   const load = () => getSubscriptions().then(setSubs).catch(() => setSubs([]));
   useEffect(() => {
@@ -600,10 +606,12 @@ export function ListeningSessionsBlock({ c }: { c: Connector }) {
   const mine = (subs ?? []).filter((s) => platformOf(s.channel) === c.name);
   return (
     <div className="border-t border-line px-3.5 py-3" data-testid={`listening-${c.name}`}>
-      <div className={SEC_H + " mb-2"}>Sessions listening to {c.title} channels · {mine.length}</div>
+      <div className={SEC_H + " mb-2"}>
+        {t("manageTabs.sessionsListening", { channel: c.title, count: mine.length })}
+      </div>
       {mine.length === 0 ? (
         <div className="text-[12px] text-faint">
-          None yet — open a session's Sources ▸ Channels to subscribe it to a channel.
+          {t("manageTabs.noListeningSessions")}
         </div>
       ) : (
         <div className="space-y-1.5">
@@ -618,7 +626,7 @@ export function ListeningSessionsBlock({ c }: { c: Connector }) {
               </span>
               <button
                 className="ml-auto text-faint hover:text-danger shrink-0"
-                title="Unsubscribe this session"
+                title={t("manageTabs.unsubscribeSession")}
                 onClick={async () => {
                   await unsubscribeChannel(s.session_id, s.channel);
                   load();
@@ -651,6 +659,7 @@ export function AllowlistBlock({
   allowed?: string[];
   allowedNames?: Record<string, string | null>;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const allowedUsers = allowed ?? c.allowed_users;
   const names = allowedNames ?? c.allowed_user_names;
   const recent = (c.recent ?? []).filter(
@@ -661,16 +670,16 @@ export function AllowlistBlock({
   return (
     <div className="border-t border-line px-3.5 py-3 grid grid-cols-2 gap-5">
       <div>
-        <div className={SEC_H + " mb-2"}>Allowed to message</div>
+        <div className={SEC_H + " mb-2"}>{t("manageTabs.allowedToMessage")}</div>
         <div className="flex flex-wrap gap-1.5">
           {allowedUsers.length === 0 && (
-            <span className="text-[12px] text-faint">nobody yet — Allow a recent sender →</span>
+            <span className="text-[12px] text-faint">{t("manageTabs.nobodyYet")}</span>
           )}
           {allowedUsers.map((u) => (
             <span
               key={u}
               className="inline-flex items-center gap-1.5 pl-2 pr-1 py-1 rounded-full bg-paper border border-line text-[12px]"
-              title={`id ${u}`}
+              title={t("manageTabs.idTitle", { id: u })}
             >
               <span className="w-4 h-4 rounded-full bg-accentSoft text-accent grid place-items-center text-[9px] font-bold">
                 {initials(names?.[u] || u)}
@@ -678,7 +687,7 @@ export function AllowlistBlock({
               {names?.[u] || u}
               <button
                 className="w-4 h-4 grid place-items-center text-faint hover:text-danger"
-                title="remove"
+                title={t("manageTabs.removeTitle")}
                 onClick={async () => {
                   await disallowUser(c.name, u, teamId);
                   onChanged();
@@ -691,9 +700,9 @@ export function AllowlistBlock({
         </div>
       </div>
       <div>
-        <div className={SEC_H + " mb-2"}>Recent senders</div>
+        <div className={SEC_H + " mb-2"}>{t("manageTabs.recentSenders")}</div>
         {unknownRecent.length === 0 ? (
-          <div className="text-[12px] text-faint">None yet. Message the bot once and it'll show here.</div>
+          <div className="text-[12px] text-faint">{t("manageTabs.noRecentSenders")}</div>
         ) : (
           <div className="space-y-1.5">
             {unknownRecent.map((r) => (
@@ -701,8 +710,8 @@ export function AllowlistBlock({
                 <span className="w-5 h-5 rounded-full bg-paper border border-line grid place-items-center text-[9px] font-bold text-muted shrink-0">
                   {initials(r.user_name || "?")}
                 </span>
-                <span className="min-w-0 truncate" title={`id ${r.user_id}`}>
-                  {r.user_name || "unknown"} <span className="text-faint">· {r.chat_type}</span>
+                <span className="min-w-0 truncate" title={t("manageTabs.idTitle", { id: r.user_id })}>
+                  {r.user_name || t("common.unknown")} <span className="text-faint">· {r.chat_type}</span>
                 </span>
                 <button
                   className="ml-auto text-[11.5px] px-2 py-0.5 rounded-md bg-accent text-white shrink-0"
@@ -711,7 +720,7 @@ export function AllowlistBlock({
                     onChanged();
                   }}
                 >
-                  Allow
+                  {t("approval.allow")}
                 </button>
               </div>
             ))}
@@ -723,6 +732,7 @@ export function AllowlistBlock({
 }
 
 export function ConnectorTools({ c, onChanged }: { c: Connector; onChanged: () => void }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const toggle = async (toolName: string, enabled: boolean) => {
     await updateConnectorTools(c.name, { [toolName]: enabled });
     onChanged();
@@ -730,12 +740,12 @@ export function ConnectorTools({ c, onChanged }: { c: Connector; onChanged: () =
   if (!c.tools?.length)
     return (
       <div className="border-t border-line px-3.5 py-3 text-[12.5px] text-muted">
-        No tools for this connector yet.
+        {t("manageTabs.noConnectorTools")}
       </div>
     );
   return (
     <div className="border-t border-line px-3.5 py-3">
-      <div className={SEC_H + " mb-2"}>Tools exposed to OpenWorker</div>
+      <div className={SEC_H + " mb-2"}>{t("manageTabs.toolsExposed")}</div>
       <div className="space-y-1.5">
         {c.tools.map((tool) => (
           <label
@@ -751,7 +761,7 @@ export function ConnectorTools({ c, onChanged }: { c: Connector; onChanged: () =
             <span className="min-w-0">
               <span className="block text-[13px]">{tool.label}</span>
               <span className="block text-[11.5px] text-faint">
-                {tool.name} · {tool.kind} · asks approval
+                {t("manageTabs.toolAsksApproval", { name: tool.name, kind: tool.kind })}
               </span>
               <span className="block text-[11.5px] text-faint">{tool.description}</span>
             </span>
@@ -777,6 +787,7 @@ export function ConnectSetup({
   // pill, so don't render the managed block again here.
   manualOnly?: boolean;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [values, setValues] = useState<Record<string, string>>({});
   const [busy, setBusy] = useState(false);
   const [waiting, setWaiting] = useState(false); // managed flow: browser is open
@@ -788,7 +799,7 @@ export function ConnectSetup({
     const res = await connectConnector(c.name, values);
     setBusy(false);
     if (res.ok) onConnected();
-    else setError(res.error || "could not connect");
+    else setError(res.error || t("manageTabs.couldNotConnect"));
   };
 
   const oneClick = async () => {
@@ -797,7 +808,7 @@ export function ConnectSetup({
     // Completion arrives via the tab's poll: the broker form-POSTs the profile
     // to the sidecar, the connector flips to connected, this card closes itself.
     if (res.ok) setWaiting(true);
-    else setError(res.error || "could not start managed connect");
+    else setError(res.error || t("manageTabs.couldNotStartManaged"));
   };
 
   const mcpOneClick = async () => {
@@ -806,7 +817,7 @@ export function ConnectSetup({
     // Completion likewise arrives via the poll — the sidecar flips the connector
     // to connected once the local OAuth flow lands.
     if (res.ok) setWaiting(true);
-    else setError(res.error || "could not start the connect");
+    else setError(res.error || t("manageTabs.couldNotStartConnect"));
   };
 
   return (
@@ -815,10 +826,10 @@ export function ConnectSetup({
         /* MCP-backed one-click needs no cloud sign-in — the OAuth flow is local. */
         <div className="space-y-2" data-testid="mcp-connect">
           <button className={BTN_ACCENT} onClick={mcpOneClick} disabled={waiting}>
-            {waiting ? "Check your browser…" : `Connect ${c.title} with one click`}
+            {waiting ? t("cloud.checkBrowser") : t("manageTabs.connectWithOneClick", { title: c.title })}
           </button>
           {c.fields.length > 0 && (
-            <div className="text-[11.5px] text-faint">or connect manually:</div>
+            <div className="text-[11.5px] text-faint">{t("manageTabs.orConnectManually")}</div>
           )}
         </div>
       )}
@@ -829,22 +840,22 @@ export function ConnectSetup({
             // a visibly-parked button, and the manual path below stays fully live.
             <>
               <button className={BTN_ACCENT + " opacity-50"} disabled data-testid="managed-coming-soon">
-                {`Connect ${c.title} with one click`}
+                {t("manageTabs.connectWithOneClick", { title: c.title })}
                 <span className="ml-2 text-[11px] font-medium px-1.5 py-0.5 rounded-full bg-white/25">
-                  Coming soon
+                  {t("toolRows.comingSoon")}
                 </span>
               </button>
               <div className="text-[11.5px] text-faint">
-                One-click sign-in is coming soon — connect manually below for now:
+                {t("manageTabs.oneClickComingSoon")}
               </div>
             </>
           ) : cloud?.signed_in ? (
             <button className={BTN_ACCENT} onClick={oneClick} disabled={waiting}>
-              {waiting ? "Check your browser…" : `Connect ${c.title} with one click`}
+              {waiting ? t("cloud.checkBrowser") : t("manageTabs.connectWithOneClick", { title: c.title })}
             </button>
           ) : cloud ? (
             <CloudSignInInline
-              blurb={`Sign-in unlocks the one-click ${c.title} connect — or connect manually below.`}
+              blurb={t("manageTabs.signInUnlocksOneClick", { title: c.title })}
             />
           ) : (
             // Status unknown (fetch pending/failed): never show the sign-in ask to a
@@ -852,7 +863,7 @@ export function ConnectSetup({
             <CloudStatusPending />
           )}
           {!c.managed_paused && cloud?.signed_in && (
-            <div className="text-[11.5px] text-faint">or connect manually:</div>
+            <div className="text-[11.5px] text-faint">{t("manageTabs.orConnectManually")}</div>
           )}
         </div>
       )}
@@ -867,7 +878,7 @@ export function ConnectSetup({
         <label className="conn-field" key={f.key}>
           <span className="conn-field-label">
             {f.label}
-            {!f.required && <em> (optional)</em>}
+            {!f.required && <em> {t("manageTabs.optional")}</em>}
           </span>
           <input
             type={f.secret ? "password" : "text"}
@@ -881,7 +892,7 @@ export function ConnectSetup({
       ))}
       <div>
         <button className={BTN_ACCENT} onClick={submit} disabled={busy}>
-          {busy ? "Validating…" : "Connect"}
+          {busy ? t("manageTabs.validating") : t("manageTabs.connect")}
         </button>
       </div>
       {error && <div className="text-[12.5px] text-danger">{error}</div>}
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/components/ModelChecklist.tsx b/surfaces/gui/src/components/ModelChecklist.tsx
index 6c501979..6623116a 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/src/components/ModelChecklist.tsx
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/components/ModelChecklist.tsx
@@ -1,19 +1,20 @@
 import { useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import { addModel, getSettings, removeModel, setDefaultModel } from "../api";
 
 // Cloud-account providers dispatch by a family segment baked into the model id
 // (`bedrock:claude/…`, `vertex:openweight/…`). The add-model row shows a dropdown so
 // users pick the family instead of memorizing the prefix; curated matrix ids already
 // carry theirs.
-const MODEL_FAMILIES: Record<string, { value: string; label: string }[]> = {
+const MODEL_FAMILIES: Record<string, { value: string; labelKey: string }[]> = {
   bedrock: [
-    { value: "claude", label: "Claude family" },
-    { value: "other", label: "Other models" },
+    { value: "claude", labelKey: "modelChecklist.claudeFamily" },
+    { value: "other", labelKey: "modelChecklist.otherModels" },
   ],
   vertex: [
-    { value: "gemini", label: "Gemini family" },
-    { value: "claude", label: "Claude family" },
-    { value: "openweight", label: "Open-weight" },
+    { value: "gemini", labelKey: "modelChecklist.geminiFamily" },
+    { value: "claude", labelKey: "modelChecklist.claudeFamily" },
+    { value: "openweight", labelKey: "modelChecklist.openWeight" },
   ],
 };
 
@@ -38,6 +39,7 @@ export function ModelChecklist({
   labels?: Record<string, string>; // curated display names (full id → label); raw id when absent
   onChanged: (next: { models: string[]; model: string }) => void;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [draft, setDraft] = useState("");
   const families = MODEL_FAMILIES[provider];
   const [family, setFamily] = useState(families?.[0]?.value || "");
@@ -94,7 +96,7 @@ export function ModelChecklist({
                 type="checkbox"
                 checked={checked(id)}
                 disabled={isDefault}
-                title={isDefault ? "The default model is always shown — make another model default first" : undefined}
+                title={isDefault ? t("modelChecklist.defaultModelAlwaysShown") : undefined}
                 onChange={(e) => tick(id, e.target.checked)}
               />
               <span className="mlist-name" title={id}>
@@ -102,10 +104,10 @@ export function ModelChecklist({
               </span>
             </label>
             {isDefault ? (
-              <span className="mlist-default">default</span>
+              <span className="mlist-default">{t("modelChecklist.default")}</span>
             ) : (
               <button className="mlist-make" onClick={() => makeDefault(id)}>
-                Make default
+                {t("modelChecklist.makeDefault")}
               </button>
             )}
           </div>
@@ -116,18 +118,18 @@ export function ModelChecklist({
           <select
             value={family}
             onChange={(e) => setFamily(e.target.value)}
-            aria-label="Model family"
+            aria-label={t("modelChecklist.modelFamily")}
             data-testid="mlist-family"
           >
             {families.map((f) => (
               <option key={f.value} value={f.value}>
-                {f.label}
+                {t(f.labelKey)}
               </option>
             ))}
           </select>
         )}
         <input
-          placeholder="Add another model…"
+          placeholder={t("modelChecklist.addAnotherModel")}
           value={draft}
           spellCheck={false}
           autoComplete="off"
@@ -135,7 +137,7 @@ export function ModelChecklist({
           onKeyDown={(e) => e.key === "Enter" && add()}
         />
         <button className="btn-primary sm" onClick={add} disabled={!draft.trim()}>
-          Add
+          {t("modelChecklist.add")}
         </button>
       </div>
     </div>
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/components/Onboarding.tsx b/surfaces/gui/src/components/Onboarding.tsx
index a7df6f5f..a8ccd682 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/src/components/Onboarding.tsx
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/components/Onboarding.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import {
   cloudLogin,
   connectManaged,
@@ -28,16 +29,17 @@ import { Spinner } from "./AutomationQuickstart";
 // combined grayed "Coming soon" row — both ride the same Google app, gated on
 // Google verification/CASA; give them rows when it lands.
 const TOOL_ROWS = [
-  { name: "outlook", benefit: "Stay on top of email", detail: "Outlook — triage mail, draft replies, run your calendar." },
-  { name: "slack", benefit: "Keep up with Slack", detail: "Slack — catch up, answer mentions, post updates." },
-  { name: "github", benefit: "Ship code", detail: "GitHub — review PRs, watch issues, reply to @mentions." },
-  { name: "notion", benefit: "Keep your notes in reach", detail: "Notion — search pages, query databases, draft docs." },
-  { name: "hubspot", benefit: "Keep the CRM current", detail: "HubSpot — update deals, log notes, prep calls." },
-  { name: "attio", benefit: "Track every relationship", detail: "Attio — search records, read timelines, log notes." },
+  { name: "outlook", benefit: "toolRows.outlook", detail: "toolRows.outlookDetail" },
+  { name: "slack", benefit: "toolRows.slack", detail: "toolRows.slackDetail" },
+  { name: "github", benefit: "toolRows.github", detail: "toolRows.githubDetail" },
+  { name: "notion", benefit: "toolRows.notion", detail: "toolRows.notionDetail" },
+  { name: "hubspot", benefit: "toolRows.hubspot", detail: "toolRows.hubspotDetail" },
+  { name: "attio", benefit: "toolRows.attio", detail: "toolRows.attioDetail" },
 ];
 const TOOLS_SOON = ["gmail", "google_calendar"];
 
 export function Onboarding({ onDone }: { onDone: (next?: "work" | "gallery" | "automations") => void }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [step, setStep] = useState(0);
 
   // -- step 1: model (provider gallery ⇄ key form, shared machinery) ---------------
@@ -119,10 +121,9 @@ export function Onboarding({ onDone }: { onDone: (next?: "work" | "gallery" | "a
         {step === 0 && (
           <section data-testid="ob-step-model" className="flex-1 min-h-0 flex flex-col">
             {/* Persistent header — stays put while the region below swaps (§39). */}
-            <h1 className="text-[19px] font-semibold">Welcome to OpenWorker<span className="beta-tag">BETA</span></h1>
+            <h1 className="text-[19px] font-semibold">{t("welcome.title")}<span className="beta-tag">{t("app.beta")}</span></h1>
             <p className="text-[13px] text-muted mt-0.5 mb-4">
-              Pick a model provider to get started — OpenWorker runs on your own key, and your
-              key and your data stay on this computer.
+              {t("welcome.subtitle")}
             </p>
 
             {!ps.sel ? (
@@ -141,13 +142,13 @@ export function Onboarding({ onDone }: { onDone: (next?: "work" | "gallery" | "a
             <div className="flex items-center gap-3 pt-5">
               {!skipConfirm ? (
                 <button className="text-[12.5px] text-faint hover:text-muted" onClick={() => setSkipConfirm(true)}>
-                  Skip setup
+                  {t("setup.skip")}
                 </button>
               ) : (
                 <span className="text-[12.5px] text-muted">
-                  Nothing works without a model —{" "}
+                  {t("setup.skipConfirm")}{" "}
                   <button className="text-accent" onClick={() => finish()}>
-                    skip anyway
+                    {t("setup.skipAnyway")}
                   </button>
                 </span>
               )}
@@ -157,11 +158,11 @@ export function Onboarding({ onDone }: { onDone: (next?: "work" | "gallery" | "a
                 onClick={advance}
                 data-testid="ob-continue"
               >
-                {ps.verify.state === "testing" ? "Checking…" : "Next"}
+                {ps.verify.state === "testing" ? t("setup.checking") : t("setup.next")}
               </button>
             </div>
             <p className="text-[11px] text-faint mt-3">
-              Models can be enabled or hidden anytime in Settings ▸ Models.
+              {t("welcome.modelsCanBeEnabled")}
             </p>
           </section>
         )}
@@ -173,9 +174,9 @@ export function Onboarding({ onDone }: { onDone: (next?: "work" | "gallery" | "a
              slot keeps its place but flips to a green congrats, and every row grows a quiet
              Connect pill. The gated Google pair is ONE combined grayed row. */
           <section data-testid="ob-step-tools" className="flex-1 min-h-0 flex flex-col">
-            <h1 className="text-[19px] font-semibold">Connect your everyday tools</h1>
+            <h1 className="text-[19px] font-semibold">{t("onboarding.connectTools")}</h1>
             <p className="text-[13px] text-muted mt-0.5 mb-3">
-              Chat can only advise. Connected, your coworker does the actual work:
+              {t("onboarding.toolsSub")}
             </p>
 
             <div className="flex-1 min-h-0 overflow-y-auto pr-1" data-testid="ob-tool-gallery">
@@ -190,20 +191,20 @@ export function Onboarding({ onDone }: { onDone: (next?: "work" | "gallery" | "a
                   >
                     <ConnectorBadge connector={c} size={34} title={c.title} />
                     <span className="min-w-0 flex-1">
-                      <span className="block text-[13.5px] font-semibold leading-tight">{benefit}</span>
-                      <span className="block text-[12px] text-muted truncate">{detail}</span>
+                      <span className="block text-[13.5px] font-semibold leading-tight">{t(benefit)}</span>
+                      <span className="block text-[12px] text-muted truncate">{t(detail)}</span>
                     </span>
                     {cloud?.signed_in &&
                       (c.connected ? (
-                        <span className="text-[12px] text-ok font-medium shrink-0">✓ Connected</span>
+                        <span className="text-[12px] text-ok font-medium shrink-0">✓ {t("setup.connected")}</span>
                       ) : pendingTool === name ? (
-                        <span className="text-[12px] text-muted shrink-0">Check your browser…</span>
+                        <span className="text-[12px] text-muted shrink-0">{t("cloud.checkBrowser")}</span>
                       ) : (
                         <button
                           className="shrink-0 rounded-full border border-line px-4 py-1.5 text-[12.5px] font-medium hover:border-lineStrong"
                           onClick={() => startTool(name)}
                         >
-                          Connect
+                          {t("setup.connect")}
                         </button>
                       ))}
                   </div>
@@ -219,13 +220,13 @@ export function Onboarding({ onDone }: { onDone: (next?: "work" | "gallery" | "a
                 </span>
                 <span className="min-w-0 flex-1">
                   <span className="block text-[13.5px] font-semibold leading-tight text-faint">
-                    Gmail &amp; Google Calendar
+                    {t("toolRows.gmailCalendar")}
                   </span>
                   <span className="block text-[12px] text-faint truncate">
-                    Coming soon — pending Google&rsquo;s app verification.
+                    {t("toolRows.gmailCalendarDetail")}
                   </span>
                 </span>
-                {cloud?.signed_in && <span className="text-[11.5px] text-faint shrink-0">Coming soon</span>}
+                {cloud?.signed_in && <span className="text-[11.5px] text-faint shrink-0">{t("toolRows.comingSoon")}</span>}
               </div>
             </div>
 
@@ -236,25 +237,24 @@ export function Onboarding({ onDone }: { onDone: (next?: "work" | "gallery" | "a
               <div className="mt-3.5 rounded-xl border border-line bg-paper px-4 py-3 flex items-center gap-3.5 shrink-0">
                 <span className="flex-1 text-[12.5px] text-muted leading-snug">
                   <span className="block text-[13px] font-semibold text-ink mb-0.5">
-                    Sign in for one-click connections
+                    {t("setup.signInForConnections")}
                   </span>
-                  OpenWorker handles the OAuth for 20+ tools — no dev consoles, no pasted keys.
-                  Tokens stay on this computer.
+                  {t("setup.signInDesc")}
                 </span>
                 {signinPhase ? (
                   <span className="inline-flex items-center gap-2 text-[12.5px] text-muted shrink-0">
                     <Spinner />
                     {signinPhase === "opening" ? (
-                      "Opening browser…"
+                      t("setup.openingBrowser")
                     ) : (
                       <>
-                        Waiting…{" "}
+                        {t("setup.waiting")}{" "}
                         <button
                           className="underline hover:text-ink"
                           onClick={() => setSigninPhase(null)}
                           data-testid="ob-signin-cancel"
                         >
-                          Cancel
+                          {t("setup.cancel")}
                         </button>
                       </>
                     )}
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ export function Onboarding({ onDone }: { onDone: (next?: "work" | "gallery" | "a
                     }}
                     data-testid="ob-cloud-signin"
                   >
-                    Sign in
+                    {t("setup.signIn")}
                   </button>
                 )}
               </div>
@@ -279,11 +279,10 @@ export function Onboarding({ onDone }: { onDone: (next?: "work" | "gallery" | "a
                 data-testid="ob-tools-signedin"
               >
                 <span className="block text-[13px] font-semibold text-ok mb-0.5">
-                  🎉 You&rsquo;re signed in{cloud.account ? ` as ${cloud.account}` : ""}
+                  🎉 {cloud.account ? t("setup.youAreSignedInAs", { account: cloud.account }) : t("setup.youAreSignedIn")}
                 </span>
                 <span className="block text-[12.5px] text-muted">
-                  Connect a tool above with one click — or add them anytime later from the
-                  Connectors page.
+                  {t("setup.toolsConnected")}
                 </span>
               </div>
             )}
@@ -296,7 +295,7 @@ export function Onboarding({ onDone }: { onDone: (next?: "work" | "gallery" | "a
                   onClick={() => setStep(2)}
                   data-testid="ob-continue-tools"
                 >
-                  Next
+                  {t("setup.next")}
                 </button>
               ) : (
                 <button
@@ -304,13 +303,12 @@ export function Onboarding({ onDone }: { onDone: (next?: "work" | "gallery" | "a
                   onClick={() => setStep(2)}
                   data-testid="ob-tools-skip"
                 >
-                  Continue without sign-in
+                  {t("setup.continueWithoutSignin")}
                 </button>
               )}
             </div>
             <p className="text-[11px] text-faint mt-3">
-              30+ more tools on the Connectors page — add or remove anytime. Tokens stay on
-              this computer.
+              {t("setup.toolsNotSignedIn")}
             </p>
           </section>
         )}
@@ -321,8 +319,8 @@ export function Onboarding({ onDone }: { onDone: (next?: "work" | "gallery" | "a
               <div className="w-12 h-12 rounded-full bg-okSoft text-ok grid place-items-center mx-auto mb-3 text-[22px]">
                 ✓
               </div>
-              <h1 className="text-[19px] font-semibold mb-1">You're set up</h1>
-              <p className="text-[13px] text-muted mb-5">Two good ways to start:</p>
+              <h1 className="text-[19px] font-semibold mb-1">{t("setup.doneTitle")}</h1>
+              <p className="text-[13px] text-muted mb-5">{t("setup.doneSubtitle")}</p>
             </div>
 
             <button
@@ -334,9 +332,9 @@ export function Onboarding({ onDone }: { onDone: (next?: "work" | "gallery" | "a
                 ◷
               </span>
               <span className="flex-1 min-w-0 text-left">
-                <b className="block text-[13.5px]">Create your first automation</b>
+                <b className="block text-[13.5px]">{t("setup.createAutomation")}</b>
                 <span className="text-[12px] text-muted">
-                  A weekly digest, a morning brief — pick a template, running in two minutes.
+                  {t("setup.createAutomationDesc")}
                 </span>
               </span>
               <span className="text-faint self-center">›</span>
@@ -350,9 +348,9 @@ export function Onboarding({ onDone }: { onDone: (next?: "work" | "gallery" | "a
                 ✦
               </span>
               <span className="flex-1 min-w-0 text-left">
-                <b className="block text-[13.5px]">Start working with Coworker</b>
+                <b className="block text-[13.5px]">{t("setup.startWorking")}</b>
                 <span className="text-[12px] text-muted">
-                  Open a session and just ask — analyze files, draft, research, build.
+                  {t("setup.startWorkingDesc")}
                 </span>
               </span>
               <span className="text-faint self-center">›</span>
@@ -362,7 +360,7 @@ export function Onboarding({ onDone }: { onDone: (next?: "work" | "gallery" | "a
                 (owner call 2026-07-12); the finish("gallery") plumbing remains for their return. */}
 
             <p className="text-[11px] text-faint text-center mt-auto pt-5">
-              Replay this setup anytime: Settings ▸ Appearance ▸ Run setup again.
+              {t("setup.replaySetup")}
             </p>
           </section>
         )}
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/components/PersonaHero.tsx b/surfaces/gui/src/components/PersonaHero.tsx
index 483bca9e..fc89afd0 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/src/components/PersonaHero.tsx
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/components/PersonaHero.tsx
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 // same everywhere but no two look alike. Rendered as an image, so it deliberately
 // keeps its own colors in dark mode (like a photo would).
 
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+
 function hueOf(slug: string): number {
   let h = 0;
   for (let i = 0; i < slug.length; i++) h = (h * 31 + slug.charCodeAt(i)) % 3600;
@@ -19,6 +21,7 @@ export function PersonaHero({
   height?: number;
   className?: string;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const h = hueOf(slug);
   const bg = `hsl(${h} 42% 91%)`;
   const deep = `hsl(${h} 45% 42%)`;
@@ -31,7 +34,7 @@ export function PersonaHero({
       viewBox="0 0 400 120"
       preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid slice"
       role="img"
-      aria-label={`${slug} artwork`}
+      aria-label={t("personasTab.artwork", { slug })}
     >
       <rect width="400" height="120" rx="12" fill={bg} />
       {/* orbit rings around a central agent spark, with satellite nodes */}
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/components/PersonaView.tsx b/surfaces/gui/src/components/PersonaView.tsx
index 74e7b577..bfefdd76 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/src/components/PersonaView.tsx
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/components/PersonaView.tsx
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 // Enabling/disabling POSTs /v1/personas/{id}/enable.
 
 import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import {
   getConnectors,
   getPersonaDetail,
@@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ export function PersonaView({
   onBack?: () => void;
   onOpenIntegrations?: () => void;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [detail, setDetail] = useState<PersonaDetail | null>(null);
   const [byName, setByName] = useState<ConnectorMap>({});
   const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
@@ -51,7 +53,7 @@ export function PersonaView({
     setError(null);
     getPersonaDetail(personaId)
       .then((d) => live && setDetail(d))
-      .catch(() => live && setError("Could not load this persona."));
+      .catch(() => live && setError(t("personaView.couldNotLoad")));
     getConnectors()
       .then((list) => live && setByName(indexConnectors(list)))
       .catch(() => {});
@@ -83,12 +85,12 @@ export function PersonaView({
             className="inline-flex items-center gap-1 text-[12.5px] text-muted hover:text-ink"
             onClick={onBack}
           >
-            <Icon name="arrowLeft" size={15} /> Back
+            <Icon name="arrowLeft" size={15} /> {t("common.back")}
           </button>
           <span className="text-faint">·</span>
         </>
       )}
-      <span className="text-[13px] font-semibold">Persona</span>
+      <span className="text-[13px] font-semibold">{t("personaView.title")}</span>
     </div>
   );
 
@@ -96,7 +98,7 @@ export function PersonaView({
     return (
       <main className="flex-1 min-w-0 flex flex-col bg-paper">
         {header}
-        <div className="p-12 text-center text-faint text-[13px]">{error || "Loading…"}</div>
+        <div className="p-12 text-center text-faint text-[13px]">{error || t("common.loading")}</div>
       </main>
     );
   }
@@ -118,15 +120,15 @@ export function PersonaView({
               <p className="text-[13px] text-muted mt-0.5">{detail.tagline}</p>
             </div>
             <div className="ml-auto flex items-center gap-2">
-              <span className="text-[12px] text-muted">{detail.enabled ? "Enabled" : "Disabled"}</span>
-              <Toggle checked={detail.enabled} onChange={toggleEnabled} title="Enable this persona" />
+              <span className="text-[12px] text-muted">{detail.enabled ? t("common.enabled") : t("common.disabled")}</span>
+              <Toggle checked={detail.enabled} onChange={toggleEnabled} title={t("personaView.enablePersona")} />
             </div>
           </header>
 
           {/* about */}
           {detail.description && (
             <section>
-              <div className={`${SEC_H} mb-1.5`}>About</div>
+              <div className={`${SEC_H} mb-1.5`}>{t("personaView.about")}</div>
               <p className="text-[14px] leading-relaxed text-ink/90">{detail.description}</p>
             </section>
           )}
@@ -134,7 +136,7 @@ export function PersonaView({
           {/* tools */}
           {detail.tools.length > 0 && (
             <section>
-              <div className={`${SEC_H} mb-2`}>Built-in capabilities</div>
+              <div className={`${SEC_H} mb-2`}>{t("personaView.builtInCapabilities")}</div>
               <div className="flex flex-wrap gap-1.5">
                 {detail.tools.map((t) => (
                   <span
@@ -151,10 +153,9 @@ export function PersonaView({
           {/* connections for full benefit (manifest recommends) */}
           {detail.recommends.length > 0 && (
             <section>
-              <div className={`${SEC_H} mb-1`}>Connections for full benefit</div>
+              <div className={`${SEC_H} mb-1`}>{t("personaView.connectionsForFullBenefit")}</div>
               <p className="text-[12.5px] text-muted mb-2.5">
-                Declared by the persona — wire {shortPersonaName(detail.name, personaId)} into these
-                to unlock its full workflow.
+                {t("personaView.connectionsHelp", { name: shortPersonaName(detail.name, personaId) })}
               </p>
               <div className="rounded-xl2 border border-line overflow-hidden">
                 {detail.recommends.map((r, i) => {
@@ -173,7 +174,7 @@ export function PersonaView({
                           {isMcp ? (
                             <span className={TAG_MCP}>MCP</span>
                           ) : r.tier === "core" ? (
-                            <span className={TAG_CORE}>core</span>
+                            <span className={TAG_CORE}>{t("access.core")}</span>
                           ) : null}
                         </div>
                         <div className="text-[12px] text-muted">{r.reason}</div>
@@ -181,14 +182,14 @@ export function PersonaView({
                       {r.connected ? (
                         <span className="inline-flex items-center gap-1 text-[11.5px] text-ok shrink-0">
                           <span className="w-1.5 h-1.5 rounded-full bg-ok" />
-                          connected
+                          {t("quickstart.connectedState")}
                         </span>
                       ) : (
                         <button
                           className={r.tier === "core" && !isMcp ? BTN_ACCENT : BTN_BORDERED}
                           onClick={onOpenIntegrations}
                         >
-                          {isMcp ? "Add" : "Connect"}
+                          {isMcp ? t("addFolder.add") : t("access.connect")}
                         </button>
                       )}
                     </div>
@@ -201,10 +202,9 @@ export function PersonaView({
           {/* persona-default connections (persona → session default) */}
           {detail.default_connections.length > 0 && (
             <section>
-              <div className={`${SEC_H} mb-1`}>New sessions get by default</div>
+              <div className={`${SEC_H} mb-1`}>{t("personaView.newSessionsDefault")}</div>
               <p className="text-[12.5px] text-muted mb-2.5">
-                When you start a {shortPersonaName(detail.name, personaId)} session these are enabled
-                automatically. You can still mute any of them per session.
+                {t("personaView.defaultConnectionsHelp", { name: shortPersonaName(detail.name, personaId) })}
               </p>
               <div className="space-y-1.5">
                 {detail.default_connections.map((c) => (
@@ -219,14 +219,14 @@ export function PersonaView({
                     <div className="flex-1 text-[13px] font-medium">
                       {labelFor(c.connector, byName)}
                       {!c.connected && (
-                        <span className="text-[11px] text-faint font-normal"> · connect to enable</span>
+                        <span className="text-[11px] text-faint font-normal">{t("personaView.connectToEnable")}</span>
                       )}
                     </div>
                     <Toggle
                       checked={c.enabled}
                       disabled={!c.connected}
                       onChange={(next) => toggleDefault(c.connector, next)}
-                      title={c.connected ? "On by default for new sessions" : "Connect this first"}
+                      title={c.connected ? t("personaView.onByDefault") : t("personaView.connectFirst")}
                     />
                   </div>
                 ))}
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ export function PersonaView({
           <section className="flex flex-wrap gap-x-8 gap-y-2 text-[12.5px]">
             {detail.recommended_models.length > 0 && (
               <div>
-                <span className="text-faint">Models</span> ·{" "}
+                <span className="text-faint">{t("models.title")}</span> ·{" "}
                 {detail.recommended_models.map((m, i) => (
                   <span key={m}>
                     <span className="font-mono">{m}</span>
@@ -249,12 +249,12 @@ export function PersonaView({
             )}
             {detail.default_permission_mode && (
               <div>
-                <span className="text-faint">Default mode</span> · {detail.default_permission_mode}
+                <span className="text-faint">{t("personaView.defaultMode")}</span> · {detail.default_permission_mode}
               </div>
             )}
             {detail.workspace && (
               <div>
-                <span className="text-faint">Workspace</span> · {detail.workspace}
+                <span className="text-faint">{t("personaView.workspace")}</span> · {detail.workspace}
               </div>
             )}
           </section>
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/components/PersonasTab.tsx b/surfaces/gui/src/components/PersonasTab.tsx
index a16df8c9..8121554c 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/src/components/PersonasTab.tsx
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/components/PersonasTab.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import {
   deletePersona,
   getPersonas,
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ const BTN_BORDERED =
   "text-[12.5px] px-2.5 py-1.5 rounded-lg border border-line bg-paper hover:border-lineStrong shrink-0 disabled:opacity-40 disabled:hover:border-line";
 
 export function PersonasTab({ onOpenPersona }: { onOpenPersona?: (id: string) => void }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [personas, setPersonas] = useState<Persona[]>([]);
   const [mode, setMode] = useState<"git" | "dir">("git");
   const [src, setSrc] = useState("");
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ export function PersonasTab({ onOpenPersona }: { onOpenPersona?: (id: string) =>
     setConfirmDel(null);
     const r = await deletePersona(id);
     if (!r.ok) {
-      setMsg(r.error || "delete failed");
+      setMsg(r.error || t("personasTab.deleteFailed"));
       return;
     }
     if (r.personas) setPersonas(r.personas);
@@ -85,20 +87,19 @@ export function PersonasTab({ onOpenPersona }: { onOpenPersona?: (id: string) =>
     );
     setBusy(false);
     if (!r.ok) {
-      setMsg(r.error || "install failed");
+      setMsg(r.error || t("personasTab.installFailed"));
       return;
     }
     setConsent(r.consent || []);
     if (r.personas) setPersonas(r.personas);
-    setMsg(`Installed ${(r.consent || []).length} persona(s) — review and enable below.`);
+    setMsg(t("personasTab.installed", { count: (r.consent || []).length }));
     setSrc("");
   };
 
   return (
     <div>
       <p className="text-[12.5px] text-muted mb-3 leading-relaxed">
-        Enable a coworker, then choose whether it appears in the new-session picker. The starred persona
-        is the default for new sessions.
+        {t("personasTab.intro")}
       </p>
 
       <div className={CARD + " divide-y divide-line mb-6"}>
@@ -108,8 +109,8 @@ export function PersonasTab({ onOpenPersona }: { onOpenPersona?: (id: string) =>
             <div className="min-w-0 flex-1">
               <div className="text-[13.5px] font-medium flex items-center gap-1.5">
                 <span className="truncate">{p.name}</span>
-                {p.default && <span className="text-accent" title="Default for new sessions">★</span>}
-                {p.builtin && <span className="text-[11px] text-faint font-normal">· built-in</span>}
+                {p.default && <span className="text-accent" title={t("personasTab.defaultForNewSessions")}>★</span>}
+                {p.builtin && <span className="text-[11px] text-faint font-normal">{t("personasTab.builtIn")}</span>}
               </div>
               <div className="text-[12px] text-muted truncate">{p.tagline}</div>
             </div>
@@ -121,7 +122,7 @@ export function PersonasTab({ onOpenPersona }: { onOpenPersona?: (id: string) =>
                   e.target.checked ? toggle(p.id, { enabled: true }) : requestDisable(p)
                 }
               />
-              Enabled
+              {t("common.enabled")}
             </label>
             <label className={CHECK + (p.enabled ? "" : " opacity-40")}>
               <input
@@ -130,20 +131,20 @@ export function PersonasTab({ onOpenPersona }: { onOpenPersona?: (id: string) =>
                 disabled={!p.enabled}
                 onChange={(e) => toggle(p.id, { surfaced: e.target.checked })}
               />
-              In picker
+              {t("personasTab.inPicker")}
             </label>
             <button
               className={BTN_BORDERED}
               disabled={p.default || !p.enabled}
               onClick={() => toggle(p.id, { default: true })}
             >
-              Set default
+              {t("personasTab.setDefault")}
             </button>
             {onOpenPersona && (
               <button
                 className="text-faint hover:text-ink shrink-0 p-1"
-                title={`Configure ${p.name}`}
-                aria-label={`Configure ${p.name}`}
+                title={t("personasTab.configurePersona", { name: p.name })}
+                aria-label={t("personasTab.configurePersona", { name: p.name })}
                 data-testid={`persona-configure-${p.id}`}
                 onClick={() => onOpenPersona(p.id)}
               >
@@ -158,17 +159,17 @@ export function PersonasTab({ onOpenPersona }: { onOpenPersona?: (id: string) =>
                     data-testid={`persona-delete-confirm-${p.id}`}
                     onClick={() => remove(p.id)}
                   >
-                    Delete
+                    {t("common.delete")}
                   </button>
                   <button className={BTN_BORDERED} onClick={() => setConfirmDel(null)}>
-                    Keep
+                    {t("personasTab.keep")}
                   </button>
                 </span>
               ) : (
                 <button
                   className="text-faint hover:text-danger shrink-0 p-1"
-                  title="Delete this persona"
-                  aria-label={`Delete ${p.name}`}
+                  title={t("personasTab.deletePersonaTitle")}
+                  aria-label={t("personasTab.deletePersona", { name: p.name })}
                   data-testid={`persona-delete-${p.id}`}
                   onClick={() => setConfirmDel(p.id)}
                 >
@@ -182,9 +183,7 @@ export function PersonasTab({ onOpenPersona }: { onOpenPersona?: (id: string) =>
                 data-testid={`persona-disable-warning-${p.id}`}
               >
                 <span className="min-w-0">
-                  Disabling archives its {liveCount(p.id)} conversation
-                  {liveCount(p.id) === 1 ? "" : "s"} — they stay available under “Show
-                  archived”.
+                  {t("personasTab.disableArchives", { count: liveCount(p.id) })}
                 </span>
                 <button
                   className="text-[12px] px-2.5 py-1.5 rounded-lg bg-accent text-white shrink-0"
@@ -194,10 +193,10 @@ export function PersonasTab({ onOpenPersona }: { onOpenPersona?: (id: string) =>
                     toggle(p.id, { enabled: false });
                   }}
                 >
-                  Disable
+                  {t("common.disable")}
                 </button>
                 <button className={BTN_BORDERED} onClick={() => setConfirmOff(null)}>
-                  Keep enabled
+                  {t("personasTab.keepEnabled")}
                 </button>
               </div>
             )}
@@ -205,26 +204,24 @@ export function PersonasTab({ onOpenPersona }: { onOpenPersona?: (id: string) =>
         ))}
       </div>
 
-      <div className={SEC_H + " mb-1.5"}>Add personas</div>
+      <div className={SEC_H + " mb-1.5"}>{t("personasTab.addPersonas")}</div>
       <p className="text-[12px] text-muted mb-3 leading-relaxed">
-        Load from a local directory or a public GitHub repo. Files are copied into a managed area (a
-        snapshot), so the persona stays stable even if the source changes. No code runs — a persona only
-        composes vetted tools.
+        {t("personasTab.addHelp")}
       </p>
       <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
         <select className={SELECT} value={mode} onChange={(e) => setMode(e.target.value as "git" | "dir")}>
-          <option value="git">GitHub URL</option>
-          <option value="dir">Local directory</option>
+          <option value="git">{t("personasTab.gitHubUrl")}</option>
+          <option value="dir">{t("personasTab.localDirectory")}</option>
         </select>
         <input
           className={INPUT}
-          placeholder={mode === "git" ? "https://github.com/acme/ops-persona" : "/path/to/personas"}
+          placeholder={mode === "git" ? t("personasTab.gitPlaceholder") : t("personasTab.dirPlaceholder")}
           value={src}
           onChange={(e) => setSrc(e.target.value)}
           onKeyDown={(e) => e.key === "Enter" && install()}
         />
         <button className={BTN_ACCENT} disabled={busy || !src.trim()} onClick={install}>
-          {busy ? "Installing…" : "Install"}
+          {busy ? t("personasTab.installing") : t("common.install")}
         </button>
       </div>
       {msg && <div className="text-[12.5px] text-muted mt-2.5">{msg}</div>}
@@ -235,15 +232,17 @@ export function PersonasTab({ onOpenPersona }: { onOpenPersona?: (id: string) =>
             <div key={c.id} className={CARD + " p-3.5"}>
               <div className="text-[13.5px] font-medium">{c.name}</div>
               <div className="text-[12px] text-muted mt-0.5 mb-2">{c.description}</div>
-              <div className="text-[12px] text-ink">Tools: {c.tools.join(", ") || "—"}</div>
               <div className="text-[12px] text-ink">
-                Risk: {c.risk.join(", ") || "read"}
-                {c.connectors ? " · connectors" : ""}
-                {c.messaging ? " · messaging" : ""}
-                {c.mcp.length ? ` · mcp: ${c.mcp.join(", ")}` : ""}
+                {t("personasTab.tools", { list: c.tools.join(", ") || "—" })}
+              </div>
+              <div className="text-[12px] text-ink">
+                {t("personasTab.risk", { list: c.risk.join(", ") || t("personasTab.riskRead") })}
+                {c.connectors ? t("personasTab.connectorsSuffix") : ""}
+                {c.messaging ? t("personasTab.messagingSuffix") : ""}
+                {c.mcp.length ? t("personasTab.mcpSuffix", { list: c.mcp.join(", ") }) : ""}
               </div>
               <div className="text-[12px] text-faint mt-1">
-                Recommended mode: {c.recommended_mode}. Enable it above to use it.
+                {t("personasTab.recommendedMode", { mode: c.recommended_mode })}
               </div>
             </div>
           ))}
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/components/PlanCard.tsx b/surfaces/gui/src/components/PlanCard.tsx
index cb32120a..0910eee2 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/src/components/PlanCard.tsx
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/components/PlanCard.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import type { Item } from "../types";
 import { Icon } from "./Icon";
 import { Markdown } from "./Markdown";
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@ export function PlanCard({
   item: PlanItem;
   onRespond: (approved: boolean, mode?: string, feedback?: string) => void;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [rejecting, setRejecting] = useState(false);
   const [feedback, setFeedback] = useState("");
 
@@ -22,7 +24,7 @@ export function PlanCard({
     <div className="dirreq-card plan-card">
       <div className="dirreq-head">
         <Icon name="sparkle" size={16} className="ico" />
-        <span>The agent proposed a plan</span>
+        <span>{t("planCard.agentProposedPlan")}</span>
       </div>
       <div className="plan-body">
         <Markdown text={item.plan} />
@@ -31,7 +33,7 @@ export function PlanCard({
         <div className="dirreq-actions">
           <input
             className="dirreq-path"
-            placeholder="What should change about the plan?"
+            placeholder={t("planCard.whatShouldChange")}
             value={feedback}
             autoFocus
             onChange={(e) => setFeedback(e.target.value)}
@@ -40,27 +42,27 @@ export function PlanCard({
             }}
           />
           <button className="btn" onClick={() => setRejecting(false)}>
-            Back
+            {t("planCard.back")}
           </button>
           <button
             className="btn primary"
             disabled={!feedback.trim()}
             onClick={() => onRespond(false, undefined, feedback.trim())}
           >
-            Send feedback
+            {t("planCard.sendFeedback")}
           </button>
         </div>
       ) : (
         <div className="dirreq-actions">
           <button className="btn" onClick={() => setRejecting(true)}>
-            Request changes
+            {t("planCard.requestChanges")}
           </button>
           <span className="spacer" />
           <button className="btn" onClick={() => onRespond(true, "interactive")}>
-            Approve — ask per step
+            {t("planCard.approveAskPerStep")}
           </button>
           <button className="btn primary" onClick={() => onRespond(true, "auto")}>
-            Approve & run
+            {t("planCard.approveAndRun")}
           </button>
         </div>
       )}
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/components/RightRail.tsx b/surfaces/gui/src/components/RightRail.tsx
index ac3ea669..629a50ab 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/src/components/RightRail.tsx
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/components/RightRail.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useEffect, useRef, useState, type ReactNode } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 // Emits the asset URL only; the worker itself loads lazily with the pdfjs chunk.
 import pdfWorkerUrl from "pdfjs-dist/build/pdf.worker.min.mjs?url";
 import {
@@ -76,6 +77,7 @@ export function RightRail({
   openAccessKey = 0,
   onOpenIntegrations,
 }: Props) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [open, setOpen] = useState<Record<Panel, boolean>>({
     progress: true,
     artifacts: true,
@@ -171,13 +173,13 @@ export function RightRail({
         />
       ) : (
         <>
-          <RailSection title="Progress" open={open.progress} onToggle={() => setOpen({ ...open, progress: !open.progress })}>
+          <RailSection title={t("rightrail.progress")} open={open.progress} onToggle={() => setOpen({ ...open, progress: !open.progress })}>
             <ProgressSummary running={running} toolNames={toolNames} todo={todo} />
           </RailSection>
 
           {showArtifacts && (
           <RailSection
-            title={`Artifacts${artifacts.length ? ` (${artifacts.length})` : ""}`}
+            title={t(artifacts.length ? "rightrail.artifactsCount" : "rightrail.artifacts", { count: artifacts.length })}
             open={open.artifacts}
             onToggle={() => setOpen({ ...open, artifacts: !open.artifacts })}
             action={
@@ -186,17 +188,17 @@ export function RightRail({
                   <button
                     className="rail-mini-btn"
                     onClick={(e) => { e.stopPropagation(); revealArtifact(sessionId, artifacts[0].path, "reveal"); }}
-                    title="Show the folder where these files are saved"
+                    title={t("rightrail.showFolder")}
                   >
                     <Icon name="folder" size={13} />
                   </button>
                 )}
-                <button className="rail-mini-btn" onClick={(e) => { e.stopPropagation(); refreshArtifacts(); }} title="Refresh artifacts"><Icon name="refresh" size={13} /></button>
+                <button className="rail-mini-btn" onClick={(e) => { e.stopPropagation(); refreshArtifacts(); }} title={t("rightrail.refreshArtifacts")}><Icon name="refresh" size={13} /></button>
               </>
             }
           >
             {artifacts.length === 0 ? (
-              <div className="rail-muted">No previewable files yet.</div>
+              <div className="rail-muted">{t("rightrail.noPreviewable")}</div>
             ) : (
               <div className="artifact-list">
                 {artifacts.slice(0, 16).map((a) => (
@@ -208,7 +210,7 @@ export function RightRail({
                       {a.name}
                       <span className="artifact-row-meta">{formatBytes(a.size)} · {formatTime(a.modified_at)}</span>
                     </span>
-                    <span className="artifact-open">Open</span>
+                    <span className="artifact-open">{t("common.open")}</span>
                   </button>
                 ))}
               </div>
@@ -236,6 +238,7 @@ export function RightRail({
 }
 
 function ProgressSummary({ running, toolNames, todo }: { running: boolean; toolNames: string[]; todo: TodoItem[] }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   if (todo.length) {
     return (
       <div className="rail-todo-list">
@@ -247,7 +250,7 @@ function ProgressSummary({ running, toolNames, todo }: { running: boolean; toolN
         ))}
         {running && (
           <div className="rail-muted">
-            {toolNames.length ? `${toolNames.length} tool call${toolNames.length === 1 ? "" : "s"} so far.` : "Working..."}
+            {toolNames.length ? t("rightrail.toolCallsSoFar", { count: toolNames.length }) : t("rightrail.working")}
           </div>
         )}
       </div>
@@ -256,13 +259,13 @@ function ProgressSummary({ running, toolNames, todo }: { running: boolean; toolN
   if (running) {
     return (
       <div className="rail-muted">
-        Working on this task{toolNames.length ? ` with ${toolNames.length} tool call${toolNames.length === 1 ? "" : "s"} so far.` : "."}
+        {toolNames.length ? t("rightrail.workingOnTaskWith", { count: toolNames.length }) : t("rightrail.workingOnTask")}
       </div>
     );
   }
   return (
     <div className="rail-muted">
-      For longer multi-step tasks, progress will appear here while OpenWorker plans, uses tools, waits for approval, and produces artifacts.
+      {t("rightrail.progressPlaceholder")}
     </div>
   );
 }
@@ -310,6 +313,7 @@ function ArtifactViewer({
   // Folder listings: open a child entry in the viewer (files and subfolders alike).
   onOpenEntry?: (path: string) => void;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [reloadKey, setReloadKey] = useState(0);
   const isHtml = content?.kind === "html" && !content.error;
   // Best viewed in a real app: spreadsheets, PDFs, and Office docs (pptx/docx can't preview inline)
@@ -318,11 +322,11 @@ function ArtifactViewer({
   return (
     <div className="artifact-viewer">
       <div className="artifact-head">
-        <button className="artifact-icon-btn" onClick={onBack} aria-label="Back to artifacts" title="Back">
+        <button className="artifact-icon-btn" onClick={onBack} aria-label={t("rightrail.backToArtifacts")} title={t("common.back")}>
           <Icon name="arrowLeft" size={16} />
         </button>
         <div className="artifact-heading">
-          <div className="artifact-title"><span>Artifacts</span><span className="artifact-sep">/</span><span>{artifact.name}</span></div>
+          <div className="artifact-title"><span>{t("rightrail.artifacts")}</span><span className="artifact-sep">/</span><span>{artifact.name}</span></div>
           <div className="artifact-path">{artifact.path}</div>
         </div>
         <div className="rail-actions">
@@ -333,8 +337,8 @@ function ArtifactViewer({
                 await onReload();
                 setReloadKey((k) => k + 1);
               }}
-              aria-label="Reload preview"
-              title="Reload"
+              aria-label={t("rightrail.reloadPreview")}
+              title={t("rightrail.reload")}
             >
               <Icon name="refresh" size={16} />
             </button>
@@ -343,8 +347,8 @@ function ArtifactViewer({
             <button
               className="artifact-icon-btn"
               onClick={() => revealArtifact(sessionId, artifact.path, "open")}
-              aria-label="Open in default app"
-              title="Open in default app"
+              aria-label={t("rightrail.openInDefaultApp")}
+              title={t("rightrail.openInDefaultApp")}
             >
               <Icon name="panelOpen" size={16} />
             </button>
@@ -354,16 +358,16 @@ function ArtifactViewer({
           <button
             className="artifact-icon-btn"
             onClick={() => navigator.clipboard?.writeText(artifact.abs_path || artifact.path)}
-            aria-label="Copy path"
-            title="Copy full path"
+            aria-label={t("common.copyPath")}
+            title={t("rightrail.copyFullPath")}
           >
             <Icon name="copy" size={16} />
           </button>
           <button
             className="artifact-icon-btn"
             onClick={() => revealArtifact(sessionId, artifact.path, "reveal")}
-            aria-label="Show in folder"
-            title="Show in folder"
+            aria-label={t("rightrail.showInFolder")}
+            title={t("rightrail.showInFolder")}
           >
             <Icon name="folder" size={16} />
           </button>
@@ -371,7 +375,7 @@ function ArtifactViewer({
       </div>
       <div className="artifact-preview">
         {!content ? (
-          <div className="rail-muted">Loading...</div>
+          <div className="rail-muted">{t("common.loading")}</div>
         ) : content.error ? (
           <div className="rail-error">{content.error}</div>
         ) : content.kind === "html" ? (
@@ -407,14 +411,14 @@ function ArtifactViewer({
                 {!e.dir && <span className="artifact-folder-size">{formatBytes(e.size)}</span>}
               </button>
             ))}
-            {!content.entries?.length && <div className="rail-muted">This folder is empty.</div>}
+            {!content.entries?.length && <div className="rail-muted">{t("rightrail.folderEmpty")}</div>}
           </div>
         ) : content.kind === "office" ? (
           <div className="artifact-open-prompt">
             <Icon name="panelOpen" size={28} />
-            <p>This {/\.pptx?$/i.test(artifact.name) ? "PowerPoint" : "Word"} file can’t be previewed here.</p>
+            <p>{t("rightrail.cantPreview", { type: /\.pptx?$/i.test(artifact.name) ? t("rightrail.powerpoint") : t("rightrail.word") })}</p>
             <button className="btn sm" onClick={() => revealArtifact(sessionId, artifact.path, "open")}>
-              Open in default app
+              {t("rightrail.openInDefaultApp")}
             </button>
           </div>
         ) : (
@@ -428,6 +432,7 @@ function ArtifactViewer({
 const MAX_TABLE_ROWS = 500;
 
 function GridTable({ rows, note }: { rows: unknown[][]; note?: string }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [head, ...body] = rows;
   return (
     <div className="artifact-tablewrap">
@@ -446,7 +451,7 @@ function GridTable({ rows, note }: { rows: unknown[][]; note?: string }) {
       {(note || body.length > MAX_TABLE_ROWS) && (
         <div className="rail-muted artifact-table-note">
           {note}
-          {body.length > MAX_TABLE_ROWS ? ` Showing first ${MAX_TABLE_ROWS} of ${body.length} rows.` : ""}
+          {body.length > MAX_TABLE_ROWS ? t("rightrail.showingFirst", { max: MAX_TABLE_ROWS, total: body.length }) : ""}
         </div>
       )}
     </div>
@@ -489,8 +494,9 @@ function parseCsv(text: string): string[][] {
 }
 
 function CsvTable({ text }: { text: string }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const rows = parseCsv(text);
-  if (!rows.length) return <div className="rail-muted artifact-table-note">Empty file.</div>;
+  if (!rows.length) return <div className="rail-muted artifact-table-note">{t("rightrail.emptyFile")}</div>;
   return <GridTable rows={rows} />;
 }
 
@@ -499,6 +505,7 @@ function CsvTable({ text }: { text: string }) {
 // WKWebView has no inline PDF plugin (<embed> shows a gray pane in the Tauri shell), so we
 // rasterize pages with pdf.js onto stacked canvases — same lazy-chunk pattern as SheetViewer.
 function PdfViewer({ dataUrl }: { dataUrl: string }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [error, setError] = useState("");
   const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);
   const holder = useRef<HTMLDivElement | null>(null);
@@ -538,16 +545,17 @@ function PdfViewer({ dataUrl }: { dataUrl: string }) {
     };
   }, [dataUrl]);
 
-  if (error) return <div className="rail-error artifact-table-note">Could not render PDF: {error}</div>;
+  if (error) return <div className="rail-error artifact-table-note">{t("rightrail.couldNotRenderPdf", { error })}</div>;
   return (
     <div className="artifact-pdfjs">
-      {loading && <div className="rail-muted artifact-table-note">Rendering PDF…</div>}
+      {loading && <div className="rail-muted artifact-table-note">{t("rightrail.renderingPdf")}</div>}
       <div ref={holder} />
     </div>
   );
 }
 
 function SheetViewer({ dataUrl }: { dataUrl: string }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [sheets, setSheets] = useState<{ name: string; rows: unknown[][] }[] | null>(null);
   const [error, setError] = useState("");
   const [active, setActive] = useState(0);
@@ -575,8 +583,8 @@ function SheetViewer({ dataUrl }: { dataUrl: string }) {
     };
   }, [dataUrl]);
 
-  if (error) return <div className="rail-error artifact-table-note">Could not parse spreadsheet: {error}</div>;
-  if (!sheets) return <div className="rail-muted artifact-table-note">Parsing spreadsheet…</div>;
+  if (error) return <div className="rail-error artifact-table-note">{t("rightrail.couldNotParseSpreadsheet", { error })}</div>;
+  if (!sheets) return <div className="rail-muted artifact-table-note">{t("rightrail.parsingSpreadsheet")}</div>;
   const sheet = sheets[active];
   return (
     <div className="sheet-viewer">
@@ -589,7 +597,7 @@ function SheetViewer({ dataUrl }: { dataUrl: string }) {
           ))}
         </div>
       )}
-      {sheet.rows.length ? <GridTable rows={sheet.rows} /> : <div className="rail-muted artifact-table-note">Empty sheet.</div>}
+      {sheet.rows.length ? <GridTable rows={sheet.rows} /> : <div className="rail-muted artifact-table-note">{t("rightrail.emptySheet")}</div>}
     </div>
   );
 }
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/components/RootRow.tsx b/surfaces/gui/src/components/RootRow.tsx
index 69d5d083..c640131a 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/src/components/RootRow.tsx
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/components/RootRow.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import type { RootInfo } from "../api";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import { Icon } from "./Icon";
 import { baseName } from "../paths";
 
@@ -21,9 +22,10 @@ export function RootRow({
   onToggle: (r: RootInfo) => void;
   onRemove: (path: string) => void;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const label = root.primary
     ? scratchPrimary
-      ? "Temporary space"
+      ? t("rootRow.temporarySpace")
       : baseName(root.path)
     : root.label;
   return (
@@ -32,7 +34,7 @@ export function RootRow({
       <span className="root-text" title={root.path}>
         <span className="root-label">
           {label}
-          {root.primary && !scratchPrimary && <span className="root-tag"> main</span>}
+          {root.primary && !scratchPrimary && <span className="root-tag"> {t("rootRow.main")}</span>}
           {branch && (
             <span className="root-tag root-branch">
               {" "}
@@ -42,17 +44,17 @@ export function RootRow({
         </span>
         <span className="root-path">{root.path}</span>
       </span>
-      {!root.exists && <span className="root-tag warn">missing</span>}
+      {!root.exists && <span className="root-tag warn">{t("rootRow.missing")}</span>}
       <button
         className={"root-access" + (root.writable ? " rw" : " ro")}
         onClick={() => onToggle(root)}
         disabled={busy || root.primary}
-        title={root.primary ? "The main workspace is always read-write" : "Toggle read-only / read-write"}
+        title={root.primary ? t("rootRow.alwaysReadWrite") : t("rootRow.toggleAccess")}
       >
-        {root.writable ? "Read-write" : "Read-only"}
+        {root.writable ? t("rootRow.readWrite") : t("rootRow.readOnly")}
       </button>
       {!root.primary && (
-        <button className="root-x" onClick={() => onRemove(root.path)} disabled={busy} title="Remove">
+        <button className="root-x" onClick={() => onRemove(root.path)} disabled={busy} title={t("rootRow.remove")}>
           ×
         </button>
       )}
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/components/ScheduledView.tsx b/surfaces/gui/src/components/ScheduledView.tsx
index 6c557349..6449c8c7 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/src/components/ScheduledView.tsx
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/components/ScheduledView.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import {
   createAutomation,
   deleteAutomation,
@@ -64,6 +65,7 @@ interface Props {
 }
 
 export function ScheduledView({ onOpenRun, onRunNow, initialOpenId }: Props) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [tasks, setTasks] = useState<Automation[]>([]);
   const [openId, setOpenId] = useState<string | null>(initialOpenId ?? null);
   const [showForm, setShowForm] = useState(false);
@@ -123,22 +125,19 @@ export function ScheduledView({ onOpenRun, onRunNow, initialOpenId }: Props) {
     <Shell>
       <div className="flex items-start gap-3">
         <div className="flex-1 min-w-0">
-          <PanelHead title="Automations" sub="Recurring tasks OpenWorker runs on a schedule." />
+          <PanelHead title={t("scheduled.title")} sub={t("scheduled.subtitleDetail")} />
         </div>
         <button
           className="text-[12.5px] px-3 py-1.5 rounded-lg border border-lineStrong bg-panel hover:border-accent hover:text-accent shrink-0"
           onClick={() => setShowForm((v) => !v)}
         >
-          + New automation
+          + {t("scheduled.newAutomation")}
         </button>
       </div>
 
       <div className="text-[12px] text-faint flex gap-1.5 mb-4">
         <span aria-hidden>ⓘ</span>
-        <span>
-          Runs only while openworker-server is up — a missed schedule catches up once when it next
-          starts.
-        </span>
+        <span>{t("scheduled.runsOnlyWhenUp")}</span>
       </div>
 
       {showForm && (
@@ -156,27 +155,28 @@ export function ScheduledView({ onOpenRun, onRunNow, initialOpenId }: Props) {
       {empty ? (
         !showForm && (
           <div className={CARD + " p-4 text-[12.5px] text-muted"}>
-            No scheduled tasks yet — use a template above, click <strong>+ New automation</strong>,
-            or just ask OpenWorker in a session.
+            {t("scheduled.noTasksBefore")}
+            <strong>+ {t("scheduled.newAutomation")}</strong>
+            {t("scheduled.noTasksAfter")}
           </div>
         )
       ) : (
         <div className="flex flex-col gap-2.5">
-          {tasks.map((t) => (
+          {tasks.map((task) => (
             <div
               className={CARD + " sched-card px-4 py-3 cursor-pointer hover:border-lineStrong transition-colors"}
-              key={t.id}
-              onClick={() => setOpenId(t.id)}
+              key={task.id}
+              onClick={() => setOpenId(task.id)}
             >
               <div className="flex items-center justify-between gap-2.5 mb-1">
-                <span className="text-[13.5px] font-semibold truncate">{t.title}</span>
+                <span className="text-[13.5px] font-semibold truncate">{task.title}</span>
                 <button
                   className="sched-card-del"
-                  title="Delete automation"
-                  aria-label={`Delete ${t.title}`}
+                  title={t("scheduled.deleteTitle")}
+                  aria-label={t("scheduled.deleteLabel", { title: task.title })}
                   onClick={async (e) => {
                     e.stopPropagation();
-                    await deleteAutomation(t.id);
+                    await deleteAutomation(task.id);
                     refresh();
                   }}
                 >
@@ -185,8 +185,10 @@ export function ScheduledView({ onOpenRun, onRunNow, initialOpenId }: Props) {
               </div>
               <div className="flex items-center gap-1.5 text-[12px] text-muted">
                 <Icon name="clock" size={13} className="text-faint shrink-0" />
-                {t.enabled ? t.schedule : "Paused"} · next {fmt(t.next_run)} · {t.run_count} run{t.run_count === 1 ? "" : "s"}
-                {t.last_status ? ` · last ${t.last_status}` : ""}
+                {task.enabled ? task.schedule : t("scheduled.paused")} ·{" "}
+                {t("scheduled.nextLabel")} {fmt(task.next_run)} ·{" "}
+                {t("scheduled.runCount", { count: task.run_count })}
+                {task.last_status ? ` · ${t("scheduled.lastLabel")} ${task.last_status}` : ""}
               </div>
             </div>
           ))}
@@ -209,29 +211,30 @@ function NewAutomationForm({
   const [instructions, setInstructions] = useState("");
   const [time, setTime] = useState("09:00");
   const [freq, setFreq] = useState("daily");
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
 
   const valid = title.trim() && instructions.trim();
 
   return (
     <div className={CARD + " tmpl-form p-4 mb-4"}>
       <div className="text-[11px] uppercase tracking-[0.05em] text-faint mb-2.5">
-        New automation
+        {t("scheduled.newAutomation")}
       </div>
       <input
         className="tmpl-input"
-        placeholder="Title (e.g. Daily standup notes)"
+        placeholder={t("scheduled.titleExample")}
         value={title}
         onChange={(e) => setTitle(e.target.value)}
       />
       <textarea
         className="tmpl-input tmpl-textarea"
-        placeholder="What should it do each run? (e.g. Summarize today's calendar and open tasks.)"
+        placeholder={t("scheduled.instructionsExample")}
         value={instructions}
         onChange={(e) => setInstructions(e.target.value)}
       />
       <div className="tmpl-sched">
         <label className="tmpl-field">
-          <span>At</span>
+          <span>{t("scheduled.at")}</span>
           <input
             type="time"
             className="tmpl-input tmpl-time"
@@ -240,15 +243,15 @@ function NewAutomationForm({
           />
         </label>
         <label className="tmpl-field">
-          <span>Repeat</span>
+          <span>{t("scheduled.repeat")}</span>
           <select
             className="tmpl-input tmpl-select"
             value={freq}
             onChange={(e) => setFreq(e.target.value)}
           >
-            <option value="daily">Every day</option>
-            <option value="weekdays">Weekdays</option>
-            <option value="weekends">Weekends</option>
+            <option value="daily">{t("scheduled.everyDay")}</option>
+            <option value="weekdays">{t("scheduled.weekdays")}</option>
+            <option value="weekends">{t("scheduled.weekends")}</option>
           </select>
         </label>
       </div>
@@ -264,9 +267,9 @@ function NewAutomationForm({
             })
           }
         >
-          {busy ? "Creating…" : "Create automation"}
+          {busy ? t("scheduled.creating") : t("scheduled.createAutomation")}
         </button>
-        <button className="link" onClick={onCancel}>cancel</button>
+        <button className="link" onClick={onCancel}>{t("common.cancel")}</button>
       </div>
     </div>
   );
@@ -296,6 +299,7 @@ function TaskDetail({
   const [time, setTime] = useState("09:00");
   const [freq, setFreq] = useState("daily");
   const [saving, setSaving] = useState(false);
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
 
   // The seen mark AS OF opening — the "new" pills compare against this frozen value
   // while mark-seen advances the stored one (badge clears; highlights survive).
@@ -328,7 +332,7 @@ function TaskDetail({
   if (!task)
     return (
       <Shell>
-        <div className="text-[13px] text-muted">Loading…</div>
+        <div className="text-[13px] text-muted">{t("common.loading")}</div>
       </Shell>
     );
 
@@ -367,7 +371,7 @@ function TaskDetail({
   return (
     <Shell>
       <button className="text-[13px] text-muted hover:text-ink mb-3" onClick={onBack}>
-        ← Automations
+        {t("scheduled.backToAutomations")}
       </button>
       <div className="sched-detail">
         <div className="sched-detail-head">
@@ -376,7 +380,7 @@ function TaskDetail({
               className="tmpl-input sched-edit-title"
               value={title}
               onChange={(e) => setTitle(e.target.value)}
-              placeholder="Title"
+              placeholder={t("scheduled.titleLabel")}
             />
           ) : (
             <h2 className="text-[18px] font-semibold tracking-tight">{task.title}</h2>
@@ -385,18 +389,18 @@ function TaskDetail({
             {editing ? (
               <>
                 <button className="btn-primary sm" disabled={saving || !title.trim() || !instructions.trim()} onClick={saveEdit}>
-                  {saving ? "Saving…" : "Save"}
+                  {saving ? t("scheduled.saving") : t("scheduled.save")}
                 </button>
-                <button className="link" onClick={() => setEditing(false)}>cancel</button>
+                <button className="link" onClick={() => setEditing(false)}>{t("common.cancel")}</button>
               </>
             ) : (
               <>
                 <button className="btn-primary sm" onClick={() => onRunNow(id, task.title)}>
-                  ▶ Run now
+                  ▶ {t("scheduled.runNow")}
                 </button>
-                <button className="btn sm" onClick={startEdit}>Edit</button>
+                <button className="btn sm" onClick={startEdit}>{t("scheduled.edit")}</button>
                 <button className="btn sm danger-btn" onClick={remove}>
-                  <Icon name="trash" size={14} /> Delete
+                  <Icon name="trash" size={14} /> {t("scheduled.delete")}
                 </button>
               </>
             )}
@@ -406,15 +410,15 @@ function TaskDetail({
         {editing ? (
           <div className="tmpl-sched sched-edit-sched">
             <label className="tmpl-field">
-              <span>At</span>
+              <span>{t("scheduled.at")}</span>
               <input type="time" className="tmpl-input tmpl-time" value={time} onChange={(e) => setTime(e.target.value)} />
             </label>
             <label className="tmpl-field">
-              <span>Repeat</span>
+              <span>{t("scheduled.repeat")}</span>
               <select className="tmpl-input tmpl-select" value={freq} onChange={(e) => setFreq(e.target.value)}>
-                <option value="daily">Every day</option>
-                <option value="weekdays">Weekdays</option>
-                <option value="weekends">Weekends</option>
+                <option value="daily">{t("scheduled.everyDay")}</option>
+                <option value="weekdays">{t("scheduled.weekdays")}</option>
+                <option value="weekends">{t("scheduled.weekends")}</option>
               </select>
             </label>
           </div>
@@ -424,11 +428,13 @@ function TaskDetail({
               <input type="checkbox" checked={task.enabled} onChange={toggle} />
               <span className="slider" />
             </label>{" "}
-            {task.enabled ? `Active · next ${fmt(task.next_run)}` : "Paused"} · {task.schedule}
+            {task.enabled
+              ? `${t("scheduled.active")} · ${t("scheduled.nextLabel")} ${fmt(task.next_run)}`
+              : t("scheduled.paused")} · {task.schedule}
           </div>
         )}
 
-        <div className="sa-sub">Instructions</div>
+        <div className="sa-sub">{t("scheduled.instructions")}</div>
         {editing ? (
           <textarea
             className="tmpl-input tmpl-textarea sched-edit-instr"
@@ -441,9 +447,9 @@ function TaskDetail({
 
         {(task.always_allowed || []).length > 0 && (
           <>
-            <div className="sa-sub">Allowed without asking</div>
+            <div className="sa-sub">{t("scheduled.allowedWithoutAsking")}</div>
             <div className="dim" style={{ marginBottom: 8, fontSize: 12.5 }}>
-              Standing approvals this automation may use — everything else still asks first.
+              {t("scheduled.allowedDescDetail")}
             </div>
             <div className="sched-grants" data-testid="task-grants">
               {(task.always_allowed || []).map((rule) => (
@@ -454,13 +460,13 @@ function TaskDetail({
                   </span>
                   <button
                     className="link"
-                    title="This automation will ask for approval again"
+                    title={t("scheduled.revokeTooltipDetail")}
                     onClick={async () => {
                       await updateAutomation(id, { revoke: rule.entry });
                       refresh();
                     }}
                   >
-                    Revoke
+                    {t("scheduled.revoke")}
                   </button>
                 </div>
               ))}
@@ -468,11 +474,11 @@ function TaskDetail({
           </>
         )}
 
-        <div className="sa-sub">Runs</div>
+        <div className="sa-sub">{t("scheduled.runs")}</div>
         <div className="dim" style={{ marginBottom: 8, fontSize: 12.5 }}>
-          Each run is a live conversation — open one to see what the agent did and ask a follow-up.
+          {t("scheduled.runsDescDetail")}
         </div>
-        {runs.length === 0 && <div className="dim">No runs yet.</div>}
+        {runs.length === 0 && <div className="dim">{t("scheduled.noRuns")}</div>}
         {runs.map((r) => (
           <div
             className="sched-run open"
@@ -484,18 +490,20 @@ function TaskDetail({
                 title: task.title,
               })
             }
-            title="Open this run's conversation"
+            title={t("scheduled.openRunTooltipDetail")}
           >
             <div className="sched-run-row">
               <span>
                 {seenMark !== null && r.started_at > seenMark && (
-                  <span className="run-new-pill" data-testid="run-new">new</span>
+                  <span className="run-new-pill" data-testid="run-new">{t("scheduled.new")}</span>
                 )}
                 {fmt(r.started_at)} · <span className={"run-" + r.status}>{r.status}</span> · {r.trigger}
-                {r.artifacts.length > 0 && <span className="dim"> · {r.artifacts.length} file(s)</span>}
+                {r.artifacts.length > 0 && (
+                  <span className="dim"> · {t("scheduled.fileCount", { count: r.artifacts.length })}</span>
+                )}
               </span>
               <span className="sched-run-go" aria-hidden>
-                Open ›
+                {t("scheduled.open")} ›
               </span>
             </div>
             {r.result_text && <div className="sched-run-peek">{r.result_text}</div>}
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/components/SearchModal.tsx b/surfaces/gui/src/components/SearchModal.tsx
index ebb59d95..f97009db 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/src/components/SearchModal.tsx
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/components/SearchModal.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useEffect, useRef, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import type { Persona } from "../api";
 import type { SessionInfo } from "../types";
 import { isProjectScoped, shortPersonaName } from "../personaScope";
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ export function SearchModal({
   const [query, setQuery] = useState("");
   const [active, setActive] = useState(0);
   const inputRef = useRef<HTMLInputElement>(null);
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
 
   useEffect(() => {
     inputRef.current?.focus();
@@ -119,22 +121,22 @@ export function SearchModal({
             ref={inputRef}
             value={query}
             onChange={(e) => setQuery(e.target.value)}
-            placeholder="Search chats"
+            placeholder={t("search.searchChats")}
             className="flex-1 bg-transparent outline-none text-[15px] text-ink placeholder:text-faint"
           />
           <kbd className="text-[10.5px] text-faint bg-paper border border-line rounded px-1.5 py-0.5 font-sans">
-            Esc
+            {t("search.esc")}
           </kbd>
         </div>
         <div className="max-h-[52vh] overflow-y-auto hairline-scroll py-2">
           {ordered.length === 0 ? (
-            <div className="px-4 py-8 text-center text-[13px] text-faint">No chats found.</div>
+            <div className="px-4 py-8 text-center text-[13px] text-faint">{t("search.noChatsFound")}</div>
           ) : (
             <>
               {pinned.length > 0 && (
                 <div className="px-2">
                   <div className="px-2 py-1 text-[11px] uppercase tracking-[0.05em] text-faint font-semibold">
-                    Pinned chats
+                    {t("search.pinnedChats")}
                   </div>
                   {pinned.map((s, i) => row(s, i))}
                 </div>
@@ -142,7 +144,7 @@ export function SearchModal({
               {recent.length > 0 && (
                 <div className="px-2 mt-1">
                   <div className="px-2 py-1 text-[11px] uppercase tracking-[0.05em] text-faint font-semibold">
-                    Recent chats
+                    {t("search.recentChats")}
                   </div>
                   {recent.map((s, i) => row(s, pinned.length + i))}
                 </div>
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/components/SessionIntro.tsx b/surfaces/gui/src/components/SessionIntro.tsx
index 144b9d6f..464fa1e6 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/src/components/SessionIntro.tsx
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/components/SessionIntro.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import { getConnectors, getSessionConnections } from "../api";
 import type { Attachment } from "../types";
 import { ConnectorIcon } from "../connectors/ConnectorIcon";
@@ -14,12 +15,6 @@ import { AddFolderForm } from "./AddFolderForm";
 // composer. Not ready → "Configure ›" always visible (for a gated row the setup action IS the
 // row's meaning), opening the §23 Session settings drawer — no second setup surface here.
 
-const FOLDER_PROMPT = "Analyze the files in this folder and summarize what matters.";
-const HUBSPOT_PROMPT =
-  "Create a report on my recent HubSpot leads: sources, stages, and who needs follow-up.";
-const GH_SLACK_PROMPT =
-  "Set up a weekly progress report: summarize activity in my GitHub repos and post it to Slack every Friday morning.";
-
 export function SessionIntro({
   sessionId,
   onOpenSessionSettings,
@@ -31,10 +26,15 @@ export function SessionIntro({
   onPrefill: (text: string, attachments?: Attachment[]) => void;
 }) {
   const { roots, busy, error, addRoot } = useRoots(sessionId);
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [live, setLive] = useState<Set<string>>(new Set());
   const [byName, setByName] = useState<ConnectorMap>({});
   const [addingFolder, setAddingFolder] = useState(false);
 
+  const folderPrompt = t("intro.folderPrompt");
+  const hubspotPrompt = t("intro.hubspotPrompt");
+  const ghSlackPrompt = t("intro.githubSlackPrompt");
+
   useEffect(() => {
     // Live = what this session can touch right now (connected AND not muted here) — the same
     // truth the §23 glance renders, so the dots here can never disagree with the row above.
@@ -58,27 +58,24 @@ export function SessionIntro({
 
   const pickFolder = () => {
     // A shared folder already exists → straight to the prompt; otherwise share one first.
-    if (shared.length > 0) onPrefill(FOLDER_PROMPT);
+    if (shared.length > 0) onPrefill(folderPrompt);
     else setAddingFolder((v) => !v);
   };
 
   return (
     <div className="intro">
       <h1 className="greeting">
-        <span className="mark">✦</span> What should we produce?
+        <span className="mark">✦</span> {t("intro.whatProduce")}
       </h1>
-      <p className="intro-lede">
-        Pick a task to start — I'll do the work and save the result. Or just type what you need
-        below.
-      </p>
+      <p className="intro-lede">{t("intro.pickTask")}</p>
 
       <div className="intro-tasks">
         <button className="task-card" data-testid="intro-task-folder" onClick={pickFolder}>
           <span className="task-card-body">
-            <span className="task-card-title">Analyze the files in a directory</span>
-            <span className="task-card-sub">I'll read them and summarize what matters</span>
+            <span className="task-card-title">{t("intro.analyzeDir")}</span>
+            <span className="task-card-sub">{t("intro.analyzeDirSub")}</span>
           </span>
-          <span className="task-card-act">Pick a folder →</span>
+          <span className="task-card-act">{t("intro.pickFolder")}</span>
         </button>
         {addingFolder && (
           <div className="intro-addfolder">
@@ -87,7 +84,7 @@ export function SessionIntro({
               busy={busy}
               onAdd={async (path, writable) => {
                 const ok = await addRoot(path, writable);
-                if (ok !== false) onPrefill(FOLDER_PROMPT);
+                if (ok !== false) onPrefill(folderPrompt);
                 return ok;
               }}
               onDismiss={() => setAddingFolder(false)}
@@ -99,32 +96,36 @@ export function SessionIntro({
         <button
           className={"task-card" + (hubspotReady ? "" : " gated")}
           data-testid="intro-task-hubspot"
-          onClick={() => (hubspotReady ? onPrefill(HUBSPOT_PROMPT) : onOpenSessionSettings())}
+          onClick={() => (hubspotReady ? onPrefill(hubspotPrompt) : onOpenSessionSettings())}
         >
           <span className="task-card-body">
-            <span className="task-card-title">Create a report from my HubSpot leads</span>
+            <span className="task-card-title">{t("intro.hubspotReport")}</span>
             <span className="task-card-sub">
               {dot("hubspot", hubspotReady)}
-              Sources, stages, and who needs follow-up
+              {t("intro.hubspotReportSub")}
             </span>
           </span>
-          <span className="task-card-act">{hubspotReady ? "Start →" : "Configure ›"}</span>
+          <span className="task-card-act">
+            {hubspotReady ? t("intro.start") : t("intro.configure")}
+          </span>
         </button>
 
         <button
           className={"task-card" + (ghSlackReady ? "" : " gated")}
           data-testid="intro-task-github-slack"
-          onClick={() => (ghSlackReady ? onPrefill(GH_SLACK_PROMPT) : onOpenSessionSettings())}
+          onClick={() => (ghSlackReady ? onPrefill(ghSlackPrompt) : onOpenSessionSettings())}
         >
           <span className="task-card-body">
-            <span className="task-card-title">Automate a weekly GitHub progress report to Slack</span>
+            <span className="task-card-title">{t("intro.githubSlackReport")}</span>
             <span className="task-card-sub">
               {dot("github", live.has("github"))}
               {dot("slack", live.has("slack"))}
-              Repo activity, summarized and posted every Friday
+              {t("intro.githubSlackReportSub")}
             </span>
           </span>
-          <span className="task-card-act">{ghSlackReady ? "Start →" : "Configure ›"}</span>
+          <span className="task-card-act">
+            {ghSlackReady ? t("intro.start") : t("intro.configure")}
+          </span>
         </button>
       </div>
     </div>
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/components/SettingsView.tsx b/surfaces/gui/src/components/SettingsView.tsx
index 8a722f12..b7541230 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/src/components/SettingsView.tsx
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/components/SettingsView.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import type { TFunction } from "i18next";
 import {
   getSettings,
   getTrustedWorkspaces,
@@ -62,14 +64,6 @@ const BTN_ACCENT = "text-[12.5px] px-3 py-2 rounded-lg bg-accent text-white shri
 const BTN_BORDERED =
   "text-[12.5px] px-3 py-2 rounded-lg border border-line bg-paper hover:border-lineStrong shrink-0";
 
-const SET_TABS: { key: SetTab; label: string; icon: "sliders" | "code" | "mic" | "sparkle" | "book" }[] = [
-  { key: "appearance", label: "General", icon: "sliders" },
-  { key: "models", label: "Models", icon: "code" },
-  { key: "skills", label: "Skills", icon: "book" },
-  { key: "voice", label: "Voice input", icon: "mic" },
-  { key: "personas", label: "Personas", icon: "sparkle" },
-];
-
 export function SettingsView({
   initialTab,
   onOpenPersona,
@@ -81,6 +75,14 @@ export function SettingsView({
   // prefilled — the worker builds the skill and proposes it via save_skill.
   onCreateSkill?: (description: string) => void;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const SET_TABS: { key: SetTab; label: string; icon: "sliders" | "code" | "mic" | "sparkle" | "book" }[] = [
+    { key: "appearance", label: t("settings.general"), icon: "sliders" },
+    { key: "models", label: t("settings.models"), icon: "code" },
+    { key: "skills", label: t("settings.skills"), icon: "book" },
+    { key: "voice", label: t("settings.voice"), icon: "mic" },
+    { key: "personas", label: t("settings.personas"), icon: "sparkle" },
+  ];
   // Personas is flag-gated (hidden for launch) — filter the tab AND coerce a stale
   // deep-link to it (openSettings("personas") callers) so the page never opens on a
   // section with no nav entry.
@@ -93,20 +95,20 @@ export function SettingsView({
     <main className="flex-1 min-w-0 flex bg-paper">
       <nav className="page-subnav w-[208px] shrink-0 border-r border-line bg-panel/40 px-3 py-4">
         <div className="px-2 text-[13.5px] font-semibold mb-3 flex items-center gap-2">
-          <Icon name="gear" size={16} /> Settings
+          <Icon name="gear" size={16} /> {t("settings.title")}
         </div>
-        {tabs.map((t) => {
-          const active = tab === t.key;
+        {tabs.map((tabItem) => {
+          const active = tab === tabItem.key;
           return (
             <button
-              key={t.key}
+              key={tabItem.key}
               className={
                 "w-full text-left px-2.5 py-2 rounded-lg text-[13px] flex items-center gap-2 " +
                 (active ? "bg-paper text-accent font-medium" : "text-muted hover:bg-paper hover:text-ink")
               }
-              onClick={() => setTab(t.key)}
+              onClick={() => setTab(tabItem.key)}
             >
-              <Icon name={t.icon} size={15} /> {t.label}
+              <Icon name={tabItem.icon} size={15} /> {tabItem.label}
             </button>
           );
         })}
@@ -119,8 +121,8 @@ export function SettingsView({
           ) : tab === "models" ? (
             <section>
               <PanelHead
-                title="Models"
-                sub="Providers and the models offered in the composer's picker. Keys are stored only on this computer."
+                title={t("models.title")}
+                sub={t("models.subtitle")}
               />
               <ModelsTab />
               {/* Token savings is model-spend behavior, so it lives here (UX-021),
@@ -144,8 +146,8 @@ export function SettingsView({
 }
 
 // -- Voice input: deliberate model provisioning + compatibility + microphone test (§37) --------
-const voiceError = (error: unknown) =>
-  error instanceof Error ? error.message : typeof error === "string" ? error : "Voice Input could not complete that action.";
+const voiceError = (error: unknown, t: TFunction) =>
+  error instanceof Error ? error.message : typeof error === "string" ? error : t("settings.voiceGenericError");
 
 const formatBytes = (bytes: number) => {
   if (!bytes) return "0 MiB";
@@ -153,6 +155,7 @@ const formatBytes = (bytes: number) => {
 };
 
 function VoiceInputSection() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [status, setStatus] = useState<DictationStatus | null>(null);
   const [progress, setProgress] = useState<DictationDownloadProgress | null>(null);
   const [phase, setPhase] = useState<"idle" | "downloading" | "verifying" | "testing" | "transcribing">("idle");
@@ -184,7 +187,7 @@ function VoiceInputSection() {
           const verified = await verifyDictationModel();
           if (active) publish(verified);
         } catch (verifyError) {
-          if (active) setError(voiceError(verifyError));
+          if (active) setError(voiceError(verifyError, t));
         } finally {
           if (active) setPhase("idle");
         }
@@ -204,7 +207,7 @@ function VoiceInputSection() {
     try {
       publish(await downloadDictationModel());
     } catch (downloadError) {
-      setError(voiceError(downloadError));
+      setError(voiceError(downloadError, t));
       const latest = await getDictationStatus();
       if (latest) publish(latest);
     } finally {
@@ -222,19 +225,19 @@ function VoiceInputSection() {
       publish(await deleteDictationModel());
       await download();
     } catch (repairError) {
-      setError(voiceError(repairError));
+      setError(voiceError(repairError, t));
     }
   };
 
   const remove = async () => {
-    if (!window.confirm("Delete the local Whisper model and disable Voice Input?")) return;
+    if (!window.confirm(t("settings.voiceDeleteConfirm"))) return;
     setError(null);
     try {
       publish(await deleteDictationModel());
       setTestTranscript("");
       setProgress(null);
     } catch (deleteError) {
-      setError(voiceError(deleteError));
+      setError(voiceError(deleteError, t));
     }
   };
 
@@ -246,7 +249,7 @@ function VoiceInputSection() {
         setPhase("transcribing");
         const transcript = (await stopDictation()).trim();
         setTestTranscript(transcript);
-        if (!transcript) throw new Error("No speech was detected. Try again and speak for a little longer.");
+        if (!transcript) throw new Error(t("settings.voiceNoSpeech"));
         publish(await markDictationTestPassed());
       } else {
         setTestTranscript("");
@@ -254,7 +257,7 @@ function VoiceInputSection() {
         publish(await startDictation());
       }
     } catch (testError) {
-      setError(voiceError(testError));
+      setError(voiceError(testError, t));
       const latest = await getDictationStatus();
       if (latest) publish(latest);
     } finally {
@@ -270,37 +273,37 @@ function VoiceInputSection() {
   return (
     <section>
       <PanelHead
-        title="Voice input"
-        sub="Speak naturally in the composer. Recordings and transcripts stay on this device."
+        title={t("settings.voiceInput")}
+        sub={t("settings.voiceInputSub")}
       />
 
       {!desktop ? (
-        <div className={CARD + " p-4 text-[13px] text-muted"}>Voice Input setup is available in the OpenWorker desktop app.</div>
+        <div className={CARD + " p-4 text-[13px] text-muted"}>{t("settings.voiceDesktopOnly")}</div>
       ) : (
         <div className="space-y-4">
           <div className="rounded-xl border border-green-200 bg-green-50/70 px-4 py-3 text-[12.5px] text-green-800">
-            <span className="font-medium">Private by design.</span> Audio is held in memory only while you record and is transcribed locally.
+            <span className="font-medium">{t("settings.voicePrivateTitle")}</span> {t("settings.voicePrivateDesc")}
           </div>
 
           <div className={CARD}>
             <div className="p-4 flex items-start gap-3">
               <Icon name="code" size={18} className="text-accent mt-0.5" />
               <div className="min-w-0 flex-1">
-                <div className="text-[13.5px] font-medium">This device</div>
-                <div className="text-[12px] text-muted mt-1">{status?.device_summary || "Checking compatibility…"}</div>
+                <div className="text-[13.5px] font-medium">{t("settings.voiceThisDevice")}</div>
+                <div className="text-[12px] text-muted mt-1">{status?.device_summary || t("settings.voiceChecking")}</div>
                 {status?.compatibility_reason && <div className="text-[12px] text-red-600 mt-1.5">{status.compatibility_reason}</div>}
               </div>
               {status && (
                 <span className={"text-[11.5px] px-2 py-1 rounded-full " + (status.supported ? "bg-green-50 text-green-700" : "bg-red-50 text-red-600")}>
-                  {status.supported ? "● Compatible" : "Unsupported"}
+                  {status.supported ? t("settings.voiceCompatible") : t("settings.voiceUnsupported")}
                 </span>
               )}
             </div>
             <div className="border-t border-line bg-paper/50 px-4 py-3 grid grid-cols-2 gap-3 text-[12px] text-muted">
-              <div><span className="block text-ink font-medium">Mac</span>macOS 12+ · Apple Silicon M1+</div>
-              <div><span className="block text-ink font-medium">Windows</span>Windows 10 22H2/11 · x64</div>
-              <div><span className="block text-ink font-medium">Memory</span>8 GB recommended</div>
-              <div><span className="block text-ink font-medium">Processor</span>4 CPU cores recommended</div>
+              <div><span className="block text-ink font-medium">{t("settings.voiceRequirementsMac")}</span>{t("settings.voiceRequirementsMacDesc")}</div>
+              <div><span className="block text-ink font-medium">{t("settings.voiceRequirementsWindows")}</span>{t("settings.voiceRequirementsWindowsDesc")}</div>
+              <div><span className="block text-ink font-medium">{t("settings.voiceRequirementsMemory")}</span>{t("settings.voiceRequirementsMemoryDesc")}</div>
+              <div><span className="block text-ink font-medium">{t("settings.voiceRequirementsProcessor")}</span>{t("settings.voiceRequirementsProcessorDesc")}</div>
             </div>
           </div>
 
@@ -308,23 +311,23 @@ function VoiceInputSection() {
             <div className="p-4 flex items-center gap-3">
               <div className="w-9 h-9 rounded-lg bg-accentSoft text-accent grid place-items-center font-semibold">W</div>
               <div className="min-w-0 flex-1">
-                <div className="text-[13.5px] font-medium">Whisper Base · English</div>
+                <div className="text-[13.5px] font-medium">{t("settings.voiceModel")}</div>
                 <div className="text-[12px] text-muted mt-0.5">
-                  {status?.model_verified ? `Installed and verified · ${formatBytes(status.model_bytes)}` : `Local voice model · ${formatBytes(status?.model_bytes || 147_964_211)}`}
+                  {status?.model_verified ? t("settings.voiceModelInstalled", { size: formatBytes(status.model_bytes) }) : t("settings.voiceModelNotInstalled", { size: formatBytes(status?.model_bytes || 147_964_211) })}
                 </div>
               </div>
               {status?.model_verified ? (
                 <>
-                  <span className="text-[11.5px] px-2 py-1 rounded-full bg-green-50 text-green-700">Verified</span>
-                  <button className={BTN_BORDERED} onClick={() => void repair()}>Repair</button>
-                  <button className="text-[12px] text-red-600 px-2 py-2" onClick={() => void remove()}>Delete</button>
+                  <span className="text-[11.5px] px-2 py-1 rounded-full bg-green-50 text-green-700">{t("settings.voiceModelVerified")}</span>
+                  <button className={BTN_BORDERED} onClick={() => void repair()}>{t("settings.voiceModelRepair")}</button>
+                  <button className="text-[12px] text-red-600 px-2 py-2" onClick={() => void remove()}>{t("settings.voiceModelDelete")}</button>
                 </>
               ) : downloading ? (
-                <button className={BTN_BORDERED} onClick={() => void cancelDownload()}>Cancel</button>
+                <button className={BTN_BORDERED} onClick={() => void cancelDownload()}>{t("settings.voiceModelCancel")}</button>
               ) : phase === "verifying" ? (
-                <span className="text-[12px] text-muted">Verifying…</span>
+                <span className="text-[12px] text-muted">{t("settings.voiceModelVerifying")}</span>
               ) : (
-                <button className={BTN_ACCENT} disabled={!status?.supported} onClick={() => void download()}>Download model</button>
+                <button className={BTN_ACCENT} disabled={!status?.supported} onClick={() => void download()}>{t("settings.voiceModelDownload")}</button>
               )}
             </div>
             {downloading && (
@@ -339,18 +342,18 @@ function VoiceInputSection() {
             <div className="p-4 flex items-center gap-3">
               <Icon name="mic" size={18} className={ready ? "text-green-600" : "text-muted"} />
               <div className="min-w-0 flex-1">
-                <div className="text-[13.5px] font-medium">Microphone test</div>
+                <div className="text-[13.5px] font-medium">{t("settings.voiceMicTest")}</div>
                 <div className="text-[12px] text-muted mt-0.5">
-                  {ready ? "Your microphone and local transcription engine are working." : "Record a short phrase to enable the composer microphone."}
+                  {ready ? t("settings.voiceMicTestReady") : t("settings.voiceMicTestNotReady")}
                 </div>
               </div>
-              {ready && <span className="text-[11.5px] px-2 py-1 rounded-full bg-green-50 text-green-700">● Ready</span>}
+              {ready && <span className="text-[11.5px] px-2 py-1 rounded-full bg-green-50 text-green-700">{t("settings.voiceMicTestReadyBadge")}</span>}
               <button className={BTN_BORDERED} disabled={!status?.supported || !status?.model_verified || phase === "transcribing"} onClick={() => void toggleTest()}>
-                {status?.recording ? "Stop and check" : phase === "transcribing" ? "Transcribing…" : ready ? "Test again" : "Test microphone"}
+                {status?.recording ? t("settings.voiceMicTestStop") : phase === "transcribing" ? t("settings.voiceMicTestTranscribing") : ready ? t("settings.voiceMicTestTestAgain") : t("settings.voiceMicTestButton")}
               </button>
             </div>
-            {status?.recording && <div className="border-t border-line px-4 py-3 text-[12px] text-accent" role="status">● Listening… speak a short phrase, then stop.</div>}
-            {testTranscript && <div className="border-t border-line bg-paper/50 px-4 py-3 text-[13px]">“{testTranscript}”</div>}
+            {status?.recording && <div className="border-t border-line px-4 py-3 text-[12px] text-accent" role="status">{t("settings.voiceMicListening")}</div>}
+            {testTranscript && <div className="border-t border-line bg-paper/50 px-4 py-3 text-[13px]">{t("settings.voiceTranscriptPrefix", { transcript: testTranscript })}</div>}
           </div>
 
           {error && <div role="alert" className="rounded-lg border border-red-200 bg-red-50 px-3 py-2.5 text-[12px] text-red-700">{error}</div>}
@@ -364,14 +367,15 @@ function VoiceInputSection() {
 // entry point to the Persona Gallery (a screen-sized modal — installs finish back
 // here, disabled pending consent; a gallery install re-mounts the list in place).
 function PersonasSection({ onOpenPersona }: { onOpenPersona?: (id: string) => void }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [galleryBump, setGalleryBump] = useState(0);
   const [galleryOpen, setGalleryOpen] = useState(false);
 
   return (
     <section>
       <PanelHead
-        title="Personas"
-        sub="Which coworkers are enabled and shown in the picker, plus installing new persona bundles."
+        title={t("settings.personas")}
+        sub={t("settings.personasSub")}
       />
       <PersonasTab key={galleryBump} onOpenPersona={onOpenPersona} />
       <button
@@ -381,12 +385,12 @@ function PersonasSection({ onOpenPersona }: { onOpenPersona?: (id: string) => vo
       >
         <Icon name="sparkle" size={16} className="text-accent shrink-0" />
         <span className="min-w-0 flex-1">
-          <span className="block text-[13.5px] font-medium">Browse the Persona Gallery</span>
+          <span className="block text-[13.5px] font-medium">{t("settings.personasBrowseGallery")}</span>
           <span className="block text-[12px] text-muted">
-            Curated coworkers from the OpenWorker team — see what each can do before installing.
+            {t("settings.personasBrowseGalleryDesc")}
           </span>
         </span>
-        <span className="text-[12.5px] text-accent shrink-0">Open →</span>
+        <span className="text-[12.5px] text-accent shrink-0">{t("settings.personasOpen")}</span>
       </button>
       {galleryOpen && (
         <GalleryModal
@@ -400,6 +404,7 @@ function PersonasSection({ onOpenPersona }: { onOpenPersona?: (id: string) => vo
 
 // -- Appearance + app behaviour ------------------------------------------------
 function AppearanceSection() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [theme, setTheme] = useThemePref();
   const [autostart, setAuto] = useState(false);
   const [keepAwake, setKeep] = useState(false);
@@ -421,18 +426,18 @@ function AppearanceSection() {
 
   return (
     <section>
-      <PanelHead title="General" sub="How OpenWorker looks and behaves on this machine." />
+      <PanelHead title={t("settings.general")} sub={t("settings.generalSub")} />
 
       <div className={CARD + " p-4 mb-4"}>
-        <div className={FIELD_LABEL}>Theme</div>
-        <div className="seg mt-2.5" role="radiogroup" aria-label="Appearance">
+        <div className={FIELD_LABEL}>{t("settings.theme")}</div>
+        <div className="seg mt-2.5" role="radiogroup" aria-label={t("settings.appearance")}>
           {(["light", "dark", "auto"] as const).map((p) => (
             <button key={p} className={p === theme ? "active" : ""} onClick={() => setTheme(p)}>
-              {p === "light" ? "Light" : p === "dark" ? "Dark" : "Auto"}
+              {p === "light" ? t("settings.themeLight") : p === "dark" ? t("settings.themeDark") : t("settings.themeAuto")}
             </button>
           ))}
         </div>
-        <div className={FIELD_HELP}>Auto follows your Mac&rsquo;s appearance.</div>
+        <div className={FIELD_HELP}>{t("settings.themeAutoDesc")}</div>
       </div>
 
       <SidebarCard />
@@ -445,19 +450,19 @@ function AppearanceSection() {
 
       {desktop && (
         <div className={CARD + " p-4"}>
-          <div className={FIELD_LABEL + " mb-2.5"}>Always-on</div>
+          <div className={FIELD_LABEL + " mb-2.5"}>{t("settings.alwaysOn")}</div>
           <label className="flex items-start gap-3 py-2">
             <input type="checkbox" className="mt-0.5" checked={autostart} onChange={(e) => toggleAuto(e.target.checked)} />
             <span>
-              <span className="block text-[13px] text-ink">Open at login</span>
-              <span className="block text-[12px] text-muted">Launch OpenWorker automatically when you sign in.</span>
+              <span className="block text-[13px] text-ink">{t("settings.openAtLogin")}</span>
+              <span className="block text-[12px] text-muted">{t("settings.openAtLoginDesc")}</span>
             </span>
           </label>
           <label className="flex items-start gap-3 py-2">
             <input type="checkbox" className="mt-0.5" checked={keepAwake} onChange={(e) => toggleKeep(e.target.checked)} />
             <span>
-              <span className="block text-[13px] text-ink">Keep this system awake</span>
-              <span className="block text-[12px] text-muted">Prevent idle sleep so scheduled tasks fire on time.</span>
+              <span className="block text-[13px] text-ink">{t("settings.keepAwake")}</span>
+              <span className="block text-[12px] text-muted">{t("settings.keepAwakeDesc")}</span>
             </span>
           </label>
         </div>
@@ -467,20 +472,21 @@ function AppearanceSection() {
           every build, the browser dev shell runs the same first-run flow) and, on
           desktop, the manual update check (launch also checks automatically). */}
       <div className={CARD + " p-4 mt-4"}>
-        <div className={FIELD_LABEL + " mb-2"}>Setup &amp; updates</div>
+        <div className={FIELD_LABEL + " mb-2"}>{t("settings.setupUpdates")}</div>
         <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
           <button className={BTN_BORDERED} onClick={runSetupAgain}>
-            Run setup again
+            {t("settings.runSetupAgain")}
           </button>
           {desktop && <UpdateInline />}
         </div>
-        <div className={FIELD_HELP}>Replays the first-run setup: model, first automation, tips.</div>
+        <div className={FIELD_HELP}>{t("settings.runSetupAgainHelp")}</div>
       </div>
     </section>
   );
 }
 
 function TrustedWorkspacesCard() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [workspaces, setWorkspaces] = useState<WorkspaceCommandTrust[] | null>(null);
 
   const refresh = () =>
@@ -493,21 +499,21 @@ function TrustedWorkspacesCard() {
   }, []);
 
   const revoke = async (path: string) => {
-    if (!window.confirm(`Revoke command trust for ${path}?`)) return;
+    if (!window.confirm(t("settings.trustedRevokeConfirm", { path }))) return;
     await setWorkspaceTrusted(path, false);
     refresh();
   };
 
   return (
     <div className={CARD + " p-4 mb-4"} data-testid="trusted-workspaces-card">
-      <div className={FIELD_LABEL}>Trusted workspaces</div>
+      <div className={FIELD_LABEL}>{t("settings.trustedWorkspaces")}</div>
       <div className={FIELD_HELP}>
-        Trusted projects may manage their command allowances in .coworker/config.toml.
+        {t("settings.trustedWorkspacesHelp")}
       </div>
       {workspaces === null ? (
-        <div className="text-[12px] text-muted mt-3">Loading…</div>
+        <div className="text-[12px] text-muted mt-3">{t("settings.trustedWorkspacesLoading")}</div>
       ) : workspaces.length === 0 ? (
-        <div className="text-[12px] text-muted mt-3">No workspaces are trusted.</div>
+        <div className="text-[12px] text-muted mt-3">{t("settings.trustedWorkspacesNone")}</div>
       ) : (
         <div className="mt-3 divide-y divide-line">
           {workspaces.map((workspace) => (
@@ -516,16 +522,16 @@ function TrustedWorkspacesCard() {
                 <div className="text-[12.5px] text-ink break-all">{workspace.workspace}</div>
                 <div className="text-[11.5px] text-muted mt-0.5">
                   {workspace.requested_commands.length
-                    ? `${workspace.requested_commands.length} project command allowance${workspace.requested_commands.length === 1 ? "" : "s"}`
-                    : "No project command allowances currently declared"}
-                  {!workspace.exists ? " · Folder unavailable" : ""}
+                    ? t("settings.trustedWorkspacesCommands", { count: workspace.requested_commands.length })
+                    : t("settings.trustedWorkspacesNoCommands")}
+                  {!workspace.exists ? t("settings.trustedWorkspacesUnavailable") : ""}
                 </div>
               </div>
               <button
                 className="text-[12px] text-red-600 px-2 py-1"
                 onClick={() => void revoke(workspace.workspace)}
               >
-                Revoke
+                {t("settings.trustedWorkspacesRevoke")}
               </button>
             </div>
           ))}
@@ -536,6 +542,7 @@ function TrustedWorkspacesCard() {
 }
 
 function UpdateInline() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [state, setState] = useState<"idle" | "checking" | "none" | "found" | "installing" | "error">("idle");
   const [version, setVersion] = useState("");
 
@@ -567,7 +574,7 @@ function UpdateInline() {
     <span className="inline-flex items-center gap-2.5">
       {state === "found" ? (
         <button className={BTN_BORDERED} onClick={install} data-testid="settings-update-install">
-          Update to v{version} and restart
+          {t("settings.updateFound", { version })}
         </button>
       ) : (
         <button
@@ -576,16 +583,16 @@ function UpdateInline() {
           disabled={state === "checking" || state === "installing"}
           data-testid="settings-update-check"
         >
-          {state === "checking" ? "Checking…" : "Check for updates"}
+          {state === "checking" ? t("settings.checking") : t("settings.checkForUpdates")}
         </button>
       )}
       {(state === "none" || state === "error" || state === "installing") && (
         <span className="text-[12px] text-muted">
           {state === "none"
-            ? "You're on the latest version."
+            ? t("settings.upToDate")
             : state === "error"
-              ? "Couldn't check right now — try again later."
-              : "Downloading — OpenWorker restarts by itself when it's ready."}
+              ? t("settings.updateError")
+              : t("settings.updating")}
         </span>
       )}
     </span>
@@ -602,6 +609,7 @@ function UpdateInline() {
 // without native PDF support. (Long-history spend is handled by auto-compaction —
 // the CompactionCard below, OPE-27.)
 function TokenSavingsCard() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [pdf, setPdf] = useState<PdfSettings | null>(null);
 
   useEffect(() => {
@@ -624,36 +632,33 @@ function TokenSavingsCard() {
   if (!pdf) return null;
   return (
     <div className={CARD + " p-4 mb-4"} data-testid="token-savings-card">
-      <div className={FIELD_LABEL}>Token savings</div>
+      <div className={FIELD_LABEL}>{t("settings.tokenSavings")}</div>
       <div className={FIELD_HELP}>
-        PDF attachments travel with every turn of a conversation, so large documents multiply
-        what you spend on tokens.
+        {t("settings.tokenSavingsHelp")}
       </div>
 
-      <div className="mt-3 text-[13px] text-ink">PDFs on models without native PDF support</div>
-      <div className="seg mt-2" role="radiogroup" aria-label="PDF fallback" data-testid="pdf-fallback">
+      <div className="mt-3 text-[13px] text-ink">{t("settings.pdfFallback")}</div>
+      <div className="seg mt-2" role="radiogroup" aria-label={t("settings.pdfFallback")} data-testid="pdf-fallback">
         <button
           className={pdf.pdf_fallback === "text" ? "active" : ""}
           onClick={() => save({ pdf_fallback: "text" })}
         >
-          Extract text
+          {t("settings.pdfFallbackText")}
         </button>
         <button
           className={pdf.pdf_fallback === "images" ? "active" : ""}
           onClick={() => save({ pdf_fallback: "images" })}
         >
-          Send page images
+          {t("settings.pdfFallbackImages")}
         </button>
       </div>
       <div className={FIELD_HELP}>
-        Claude, GPT and Gemini read PDFs natively — this only applies to models that
-        don&rsquo;t (GLM, Kimi, DeepSeek, local models…). Text extraction is cheapest; page
-        images cost more tokens and need a vision-capable model.
+        {t("settings.pdfFallbackHelp")}
       </div>
 
       <div className="mt-3 flex items-center gap-5">
         <label className="flex items-center gap-2.5">
-          <span className="text-[13px] text-ink">Max pages</span>
+          <span className="text-[13px] text-ink">{t("settings.pdfMaxPages")}</span>
           <input
             type="number"
             min={1}
@@ -665,7 +670,7 @@ function TokenSavingsCard() {
           />
         </label>
         <label className="flex items-center gap-2.5">
-          <span className="text-[13px] text-ink">Max size</span>
+          <span className="text-[13px] text-ink">{t("settings.pdfMaxMb")}</span>
           <input
             type="number"
             min={1}
@@ -675,12 +680,11 @@ function TokenSavingsCard() {
             className="w-16 px-2 py-1.5 rounded-lg border border-line bg-paper text-[13px] text-ink outline-none focus:border-accent"
             onChange={(e) => save({ pdf_max_mb: Math.max(1, Math.min(Number(e.target.value) || 10, 10)) })}
           />
-          <span className="text-[12.5px] text-muted">MB</span>
+          <span className="text-[12.5px] text-muted">{t("settings.pdfMaxMbUnit")}</span>
         </label>
       </div>
       <div className={FIELD_HELP}>
-        PDFs over these limits are not attached — you&rsquo;ll see a notice in the composer
-        instead.
+        {t("settings.pdfLimitsHelp")}
       </div>
     </div>
   );
@@ -691,6 +695,7 @@ function TokenSavingsCard() {
 // limit, so work continues instead of hitting a raw provider error. Two spec'd
 // overrides (trigger % + token cap) and the summarizer-model pin — nothing more.
 function CompactionCard() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [cfg, setCfg] = useState<CompactionSettings | null>(null);
   const [models, setModels] = useState<string[]>([]);
   const [labels, setLabels] = useState<Record<string, string>>({});
@@ -724,16 +729,14 @@ function CompactionCard() {
   const modelLabel = (id: string) => labels[id]?.split(" · ")[0] || id;
   return (
     <div className={CARD + " p-4 mb-4"} data-testid="compaction-card">
-      <div className={FIELD_LABEL}>Context compaction</div>
+      <div className={FIELD_LABEL}>{t("settings.contextCompaction")}</div>
       <div className={FIELD_HELP}>
-        Long sessions are compacted automatically: older turns are summarized so the
-        coworker keeps working instead of running out of context. Your visible transcript
-        is never changed — a small marker shows where compaction happened.
+        {t("settings.contextCompactionHelp")}
       </div>
 
       <div className="mt-3 flex items-center gap-5 flex-wrap">
         <label className="flex items-center gap-2.5">
-          <span className="text-[13px] text-ink">Compact at</span>
+          <span className="text-[13px] text-ink">{t("settings.compactAt")}</span>
           <input
             type="number"
             min={10}
@@ -748,10 +751,10 @@ function CompactionCard() {
               })
             }
           />
-          <span className="text-[12.5px] text-muted">% of the context window</span>
+          <span className="text-[12.5px] text-muted">{t("settings.compactThresholdUnit")}</span>
         </label>
         <label className="flex items-center gap-2.5">
-          <span className="text-[13px] text-ink">or at</span>
+          <span className="text-[13px] text-ink">{t("settings.compactOrAt")}</span>
           <input
             type="number"
             min={10_000}
@@ -769,23 +772,22 @@ function CompactionCard() {
               })
             }
           />
-          <span className="text-[12.5px] text-muted">tokens, whichever is smaller</span>
+          <span className="text-[12.5px] text-muted">{t("settings.compactCapUnit")}</span>
         </label>
       </div>
       <div className={FIELD_HELP}>
-        The cap makes very-large-context models compact early — quality and speed degrade
-        well before their nominal limit.
+        {t("settings.compactCapHelp")}
       </div>
 
       <div className="mt-3 flex items-center gap-2.5">
-        <span className="text-[13px] text-ink">Summarizer model</span>
+        <span className="text-[13px] text-ink">{t("settings.summarizerModel")}</span>
         <select
           value={cfg.compaction_model}
           data-testid="compaction-model"
           className="px-2 py-1.5 rounded-lg border border-line bg-paper text-[13px] text-ink outline-none focus:border-accent"
           onChange={(e) => save({ compaction_model: e.target.value })}
         >
-          <option value="">Session&rsquo;s own model (default)</option>
+          <option value="">{t("settings.sessionOwnModel")}</option>
           {models.map((m) => (
             <option key={m} value={m}>
               {modelLabel(m)}
@@ -794,8 +796,7 @@ function CompactionCard() {
         </select>
       </div>
       <div className={FIELD_HELP}>
-        The summary is written by this model. The default follows whatever model the
-        session is using.
+        {t("settings.summarizerModelHelp")}
       </div>
     </div>
   );
@@ -805,6 +806,7 @@ function CompactionCard() {
 // The chip's bar is context-window occupancy; the session total (unbounded) lives in
 // the popover. Some people would rather not watch a meter at all, hence the toggle.
 function ContextBarCard() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [shown, setShown] = useState<boolean | null>(null);
 
   useEffect(() => {
@@ -821,7 +823,7 @@ function ContextBarCard() {
   if (shown === null) return null;
   return (
     <div className={CARD + " p-4 mb-4"} data-testid="context-bar-card">
-      <div className={FIELD_LABEL}>Composer</div>
+      <div className={FIELD_LABEL}>{t("settings.composer")}</div>
       <label className="flex items-start gap-3 py-2">
         <input
           type="checkbox"
@@ -831,11 +833,9 @@ function ContextBarCard() {
           onChange={(e) => save(e.target.checked)}
         />
         <span>
-          <span className="block text-[13px] text-ink">Show the context window bar</span>
+          <span className="block text-[13px] text-ink">{t("settings.contextBarToggle")}</span>
           <span className="block text-[12px] text-muted">
-            A small meter showing how full the model&rsquo;s context window is. Turn it off
-            to show this session&rsquo;s token total instead; either way the full breakdown
-            is one click away.
+            {t("settings.contextBarHelp")}
           </span>
         </span>
       </label>
@@ -844,6 +844,7 @@ function ContextBarCard() {
 }
 
 function SidebarCard() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [peek, setPeek] = useState<number | null>(null);
 
   useEffect(() => {
@@ -861,9 +862,9 @@ function SidebarCard() {
   if (peek === null) return null;
   return (
     <div className={CARD + " p-4 mb-4"}>
-      <div className={FIELD_LABEL}>Sidebar</div>
+      <div className={FIELD_LABEL}>{t("settings.sidebar")}</div>
       <label className="flex items-center gap-3 mt-2.5">
-        <span className="text-[13px] text-ink">Conversations shown per coworker</span>
+        <span className="text-[13px] text-ink">{t("settings.sidebarConversationsPerCoworker")}</span>
         <input
           type="number"
           min={1}
@@ -874,7 +875,7 @@ function SidebarCard() {
         />
       </label>
       <div className={FIELD_HELP}>
-        Longer lists collapse behind &ldquo;Show more&rdquo;. Applies per coworker and per project.
+        {t("settings.sidebarConversationsPerCoworkerHelp")}
       </div>
     </div>
   );
@@ -883,6 +884,7 @@ function SidebarCard() {
 // -- Files (scratch location) — one card inside General (UX-021: a single option
 // doesn't earn its own tab) -----------------------------------------------------
 function FilesCard() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [settings, setSettings] = useState<ModelSettings | null>(null);
   const [scratchDraft, setScratchDraft] = useState("");
   const [scratchMsg, setScratchMsg] = useState<string | null>(null);
@@ -903,10 +905,10 @@ function FilesCard() {
     setScratchMsg(null);
     const res = await setScratchBase(scratchDraft.trim());
     if (res.ok) {
-      setScratchMsg("Saved. New conversations will use this location.");
+      setScratchMsg(t("settings.filesSaved"));
       refresh();
     } else {
-      setScratchMsg(res.error || "Could not use that location.");
+      setScratchMsg(res.error || t("settings.filesError"));
     }
   };
   const browseScratch = async () => {
@@ -918,12 +920,12 @@ function FilesCard() {
 
   return (
     <div className={CARD + " p-4 mb-4"}>
-      <div className={FIELD_LABEL}>Files</div>
+      <div className={FIELD_LABEL}>{t("settings.files")}</div>
         <div className="flex items-center gap-2 mt-2.5">
           <input
             className={INPUT}
             type="text"
-            placeholder="~/OpenWorker"
+            placeholder={t("settings.filesPlaceholder")}
             value={scratchDraft}
             spellCheck={false}
             autoComplete="off"
@@ -931,17 +933,16 @@ function FilesCard() {
             onKeyDown={(e) => e.key === "Enter" && saveScratch()}
           />
           {desktop && (
-            <button className={BTN_BORDERED} onClick={browseScratch} title="Pick a folder">
-              Browse
+            <button className={BTN_BORDERED} onClick={browseScratch} title={t("settings.filesPickFolder")}>
+              {t("settings.filesBrowse")}
             </button>
           )}
           <button className={BTN_ACCENT} onClick={saveScratch} disabled={!scratchDraft.trim()}>
-            Save
+            {t("settings.filesSave")}
           </button>
         </div>
       <div className={FIELD_HELP}>
-        Each conversation gets its own folder under this location. Existing conversations keep their current
-        folder; you can grant access to more folders inside any conversation.
+        {t("settings.filesHelp")}
       </div>
       {scratchMsg && <div className="text-[12.5px] text-muted mt-2.5">{scratchMsg}</div>}
     </div>
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/components/Sidebar.tsx b/surfaces/gui/src/components/Sidebar.tsx
index 9f0215dd..d9efc80d 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/src/components/Sidebar.tsx
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/components/Sidebar.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useEffect, useMemo, useState, type ReactNode } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import {
   announceCloudChanged,
   AUTOMATIONS_CHANGED,
@@ -27,6 +28,7 @@ import { PersonaGlyph, personaGlyph } from "./personaIcon";
 import { SearchModal } from "./SearchModal";
 import { baseName } from "../paths";
 import { showPersonas } from "../flags";
+import i18n from "../i18n";
 
 // Session surfaces shown as accordions, in display order. The surfaced personas drive this list
 // (so third-party / Ops personas appear); the hardcoded set is the fallback before personas load.
@@ -46,11 +48,12 @@ const surfaceFromPersona = (p: Persona) => ({
 // Attention = Inbox items awaiting a session (an accent count that bubbles session → persona →
 // footer Inbox — all views of the one Inbox queue, never a second list).
 function AttnBadge({ n }: { n: number }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   if (!n) return null;
   return (
     <span
       className="text-[10px] font-semibold text-ink bg-faint/30 rounded-full px-1.5 leading-[15px] shrink-0"
-      title={`${n} awaiting your attention`}
+      title={t("sidebar.attentionBadge", { count: n })}
     >
       {n > 99 ? "99+" : n}
     </span>
@@ -61,11 +64,16 @@ function AttnBadge({ n }: { n: number }) {
 // treatment as the attention badge; failure only colors the tooltip's words, not the
 // sidebar (owner call 2026-07-20: no color, and the entry alone carries the count).
 function UnseenBadge({ n, failed }: { n: number; failed?: boolean }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   if (!n) return null;
   return (
     <span
       className="text-[10px] font-semibold text-ink bg-faint/30 rounded-full px-1.5 leading-[15px] shrink-0"
-      title={failed ? `${n} new run${n > 1 ? "s" : ""} — the latest failed` : `${n} new run${n > 1 ? "s" : ""}`}
+      title={
+        failed
+          ? t("automations.unseenRunsFailed", { count: n })
+          : t("automations.unseenRuns", { count: n })
+      }
     >
       {n > 99 ? "99+" : n}
     </span>
@@ -75,13 +83,14 @@ function UnseenBadge({ n, failed }: { n: number; failed?: boolean }) {
 // Liveness = working (in-flight turn) / sleeping (a self-wake is pending). A count-less dot that
 // never bubbles — it says "this is alive", not "this needs you".
 function LiveDot({ state }: { state?: "working" | "sleeping" | "idle" }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   if (state !== "working" && state !== "sleeping") return null;
   return state === "working" ? (
-    <span className="w-1.5 h-1.5 rounded-full bg-accent animate-pulse shrink-0" title="Working now" />
+    <span className="w-1.5 h-1.5 rounded-full bg-accent animate-pulse shrink-0" title={t("sidebar.liveWorking")} />
   ) : (
     <span
       className="w-1.5 h-1.5 rounded-full bg-faint/60 shrink-0"
-      title="Sleeping (will wake itself)"
+      title={t("sidebar.liveSleeping")}
     />
   );
 }
@@ -89,12 +98,13 @@ function LiveDot({ state }: { state?: "working" | "sleeping" | "idle" }) {
 // §31: a session spawned by a platform mention wears its platform's logo, right-aligned beside
 // the title cluster (owner call 2026-07-13). Slack today; the origin key is the platform id.
 function OriginIcon({ s }: { s: SessionInfo }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   if (s.origin !== "slack") return null;
   return (
     <ConnectorIcon
       connector={{ logo: "slack", brand_color: "#611f69" }}
       size={12}
-      title={s.origin_label || "From Slack"}
+      title={s.origin_label || t("sidebar.originSlack")}
     />
   );
 }
@@ -154,7 +164,7 @@ const compactAge = (iso?: string | null): string => {
   const then = Date.parse(iso);
   if (Number.isNaN(then)) return "";
   const secs = Math.max(0, Math.floor((Date.now() - then) / 1000));
-  if (secs < 60) return "now";
+  if (secs < 60) return i18n.t("time.now");
   const mins = Math.floor(secs / 60);
   if (mins < 60) return `${mins}m`;
   const hrs = Math.floor(mins / 60);
@@ -171,6 +181,7 @@ const compactAge = (iso?: string | null): string => {
 // Sessions shown per group before "Show more" comes from Settings (sessions_peek, default 5).
 
 export function Sidebar(props: Props) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [searchModalOpen, setSearchModalOpen] = useState(false);
   const [appMenuOpen, setAppMenuOpen] = useState(false);
   // The account row (§26): cloud sign-in status drives the avatar/name/dot; refreshed on
@@ -453,8 +464,8 @@ export function Sidebar(props: Props) {
         onClick={(e) => e.stopPropagation()}
       >
         <button
-          title="Session actions"
-          aria-label="Session actions"
+          title={t("sidebar.sessionActions")}
+          aria-label={t("sidebar.sessionActions")}
           aria-haspopup="menu"
           aria-expanded={menuOpen}
           data-testid="row-menu"
@@ -475,20 +486,20 @@ export function Sidebar(props: Props) {
               style={{ top: rowMenu!.top, left: rowMenu!.left }}
               role="menu"
             >
-              {item("row-menu-rename", "pencil", "Rename", () => {
+              {item("row-menu-rename", "pencil", t("session.rename"), () => {
                 setEditingId(s.session_id);
                 setEditValue(title);
               })}
-              {item("row-menu-pin", "pin", s.pinned ? "Unpin" : "Pin", () =>
+              {item("row-menu-pin", "pin", s.pinned ? t("session.unpin") : t("session.pin"), () =>
                 props.onTogglePin(s.session_id, !s.pinned),
               )}
-              {item("row-menu-archive", "archive", s.archived ? "Unarchive" : "Archive", () =>
+              {item("row-menu-archive", "archive", s.archived ? t("session.unarchive") : t("session.archive"), () =>
                 props.onArchiveSession(s.session_id, !s.archived),
               )}
               <div className="h-px bg-line my-1 mx-2" />
               {confirmDelId === s.session_id ? (
                 <button
-                  title="Click again to permanently delete"
+                  title={t("sidebar.clickAgainDelete")}
                   className="w-full flex items-center gap-2 px-2.5 py-1.5 text-[12.5px] text-left font-medium text-danger hover:bg-paper"
                   data-testid="row-menu-delete"
                   role="menuitem"
@@ -498,7 +509,7 @@ export function Sidebar(props: Props) {
                   }}
                 >
                   <Icon name="trash" size={13} className="shrink-0" />
-                  <span className="flex-1">Delete?</span>
+                  <span className="flex-1">{t("session.deleteConfirm")}</span>
                 </button>
               ) : (
                 <button
@@ -508,7 +519,7 @@ export function Sidebar(props: Props) {
                   onClick={() => setConfirmDelId(s.session_id)}
                 >
                   <Icon name="trash" size={13} className="shrink-0" />
-                  <span className="flex-1">Delete</span>
+                  <span className="flex-1">{t("session.delete")}</span>
                 </button>
               )}
             </div>
@@ -660,7 +671,7 @@ export function Sidebar(props: Props) {
     pinnedSessions.length > 0 ? (
       <div>
         <div className="px-1.5 text-[10.5px] uppercase tracking-[0.07em] text-faint font-semibold mb-1">
-          Pinned
+          {t("sidebar.pinned")}
         </div>
         <div className="space-y-0.5">
           {pinnedSessions.map((s) => cardRow(s))}
@@ -675,7 +686,7 @@ export function Sidebar(props: Props) {
     automations.length > 0 ? (
       <div data-testid="scheduled-band">
         <div className="px-1.5 text-[10.5px] uppercase tracking-[0.07em] text-faint font-semibold mb-1">
-          Scheduled
+          {t("sidebar.scheduled")}
         </div>
         <div className="space-y-0.5">
           {automations.map((a) => (
@@ -707,12 +718,12 @@ export function Sidebar(props: Props) {
     return (
     <div className="relative flex items-center justify-between px-1.5 mb-1" data-testid="recent-header">
       <span className="text-[10.5px] uppercase tracking-[0.07em] text-faint font-semibold">
-        Recent
+        {t("sidebar.recent")}
       </span>
       <button
         className="w-6 h-6 grid place-items-center rounded-md text-faint hover:text-ink hover:bg-paper -mr-1"
-        title="Group & filter conversations"
-        aria-label="Group and filter conversations"
+        title={t("sidebar.groupFilter")}
+        aria-label={t("sidebar.groupFilter")}
         onClick={() => setGroupMenuOpen((v) => !v)}
       >
         <Icon name="sliders" size={14} />
@@ -726,9 +737,9 @@ export function Sidebar(props: Props) {
             data-testid="group-filter-menu"
           >
             <div className="px-2 pt-1 pb-1 text-[10.5px] uppercase tracking-[0.06em] text-faint font-semibold">
-              Group by
+              {t("sidebar.groupBy")}
             </div>
-            {([["grouped", "Persona"], ["flat", "Chronological"]] as ["flat" | "grouped", string][]).map(
+            {([["grouped", t("sidebar.groupByPersona")], ["flat", t("sidebar.groupByChronological")]] as ["flat" | "grouped", string][]).map(
               ([key, label]) => (
                 <button
                   key={key}
@@ -745,11 +756,11 @@ export function Sidebar(props: Props) {
                 <div className="my-1 border-t border-line" />
                 <div className="px-2 pt-1 pb-1 flex items-center justify-between">
                   <span className="text-[10.5px] uppercase tracking-[0.06em] text-faint font-semibold">
-                    Filter by coworker
+                    {t("sidebar.filterByCoworker")}
                   </span>
                   {filterPersonas.size > 0 && (
                     <button className="text-[11px] text-accent" onClick={() => setFilterPersonas(new Set())}>
-                      Clear
+                      {t("sidebar.clearFilter")}
                     </button>
                   )}
                 </div>
@@ -776,7 +787,7 @@ export function Sidebar(props: Props) {
                   })}
                 </div>
                 <div className="px-2 pt-1 pb-0.5 text-[11px] text-faint leading-snug">
-                  None checked shows all.
+                  {t("sidebar.noneCheckedShowsAll")}
                 </div>
               </>
             )}
@@ -860,12 +871,12 @@ export function Sidebar(props: Props) {
                 rows carry a right-aligned compact age and truncate to PROJECT_PEEK + "Show more". */}
             <div className="flex items-center justify-between px-1.5 pt-1">
               <span className="text-[10.5px] uppercase tracking-[0.07em] text-faint font-semibold">
-                Projects
+                {t("sidebar.projects")}
               </span>
               <button
                 className="w-5 h-5 grid place-items-center rounded text-faint hover:text-ink hover:bg-panel"
-                title="New project"
-                aria-label="New project"
+                title={t("sidebar.newProject")}
+                aria-label={t("sidebar.newProject")}
                 onClick={() => props.onNewProject(browseKey)}
               >
                 <Icon name="folderPlus" size={14} />
@@ -874,7 +885,7 @@ export function Sidebar(props: Props) {
             <div className="space-y-0.5">
               {projectOrder.length === 0 && (
                 <div className="px-2 py-1.5 text-[12px] text-faint leading-snug">
-                  No projects yet — start one with the + above.
+                  {t("sidebar.noProjects")}
                 </div>
               )}
               {projectOrder.map((proj) => {
@@ -924,13 +935,13 @@ export function Sidebar(props: Props) {
                               className="px-2 py-1 text-[12px] text-faint hover:text-muted"
                               onClick={() => setProjShowAll((s) => toggleSet(s, proj))}
                             >
-                              Show more ({list.length - peek})
+                              {t("sidebar.showMore", { count: list.length - peek })}
                             </button>
                           )}
                         </div>
                       ) : (
                         <div className="px-2 py-1.5 pl-[19px] text-[12px] text-faint leading-snug">
-                          No conversations in this project yet.
+                          {t("sidebar.noConversationsInProject")}
                         </div>
                       ))}
                   </div>
@@ -942,7 +953,7 @@ export function Sidebar(props: Props) {
           <div className="space-y-0.5">
             {mine.filter(matches).length === 0 ? (
               <div className="px-2 py-1.5 text-[12px] text-faint leading-snug">
-                {normalizedQuery ? "No matching conversations." : "No conversations yet."}
+                {normalizedQuery ? t("sidebar.noMatching") : t("sidebar.noConversations")}
               </div>
             ) : (
               <>
@@ -955,7 +966,7 @@ export function Sidebar(props: Props) {
                     className="px-2 py-1 text-[12px] text-faint hover:text-muted"
                     onClick={() => setPersonaShowAll((s) => toggleSet(s, browseKey))}
                   >
-                    Show more ({mine.filter(matches).length - peek})
+                    {t("sidebar.showMore", { count: mine.filter(matches).length - peek })}
                   </button>
                 )}
               </>
@@ -970,7 +981,7 @@ export function Sidebar(props: Props) {
               onClick={() => setShowArchived((v) => !v)}
             >
               <Icon name={showArchived ? "chevronDown" : "chevronRight"} size={13} className="shrink-0" />
-              Archived ({archived.length})
+              {t("sidebar.archived", { count: archived.length })}
             </button>
             {showArchived && (
               <div className="space-y-0.5 mt-0.5">{archived.filter(matches).map((s) => sessionRow(s))}</div>
@@ -995,14 +1006,14 @@ export function Sidebar(props: Props) {
         {props.onCollapse && (
           <button
             className="nav-pin-btn w-7 h-7 grid place-items-center rounded-md text-faint hover:text-ink hover:bg-paper shrink-0"
-            title={props.collapsed ? "Dock sidebar (⌘B)" : "Collapse sidebar (⌘B)"}
-            aria-label={props.collapsed ? "Dock sidebar" : "Collapse sidebar"}
+            title={props.collapsed ? t("sidebar.dockShortcut") : t("sidebar.collapseShortcut")}
+            aria-label={props.collapsed ? t("sidebar.dock") : t("sidebar.collapse")}
             onClick={props.onCollapse}
           >
             <Icon name="sidebar" size={16} />
           </button>
         )}
-        <div className="brand-wordmark text-[15px]">OpenWorker<span className="beta-tag">BETA</span></div>
+        <div className="brand-wordmark text-[15px]">OpenWorker<span className="beta-tag">{t("app.beta")}</span></div>
       </div>
 
       {/* New session: split button — primary starts the last-used persona; ▾ picks a specific one. */}
@@ -1020,7 +1031,7 @@ export function Sidebar(props: Props) {
           className="w-full flex items-center gap-2.5 px-2.5 py-2 rounded-lg text-[13px] text-left text-muted hover:bg-paper hover:text-ink"
           onClick={() => setSearchModalOpen(true)}
         >
-          <Icon name="search" size={15} className="shrink-0" /> Search
+          <Icon name="search" size={15} className="shrink-0" /> {t("sidebar.search")}
         </button>
       </div>
 
@@ -1036,7 +1047,7 @@ export function Sidebar(props: Props) {
           onClick={props.onOpenScheduled}
         >
           <Icon name="clock" size={15} className="shrink-0" />
-          <span className="flex-1">Automations</span>
+          <span className="flex-1">{t("sidebar.automations")}</span>
         </button>
       </div>
 
@@ -1097,7 +1108,7 @@ export function Sidebar(props: Props) {
             <div className="space-y-0.5">
               {recentSessions.length === 0 ? (
                 <div className="px-2 py-1.5 text-[12px] text-faint leading-snug">
-                  {normalizedQuery ? "No matching conversations." : "No conversations yet."}
+                  {normalizedQuery ? t("sidebar.noMatching") : t("sidebar.noConversations")}
                 </div>
               ) : (
                 <>
@@ -1111,8 +1122,8 @@ export function Sidebar(props: Props) {
                       onClick={() => setRecentExpanded((v) => !v)}
                     >
                       {recentExpanded
-                        ? "Show less"
-                        : `Show ${recentSessions.length - RECENT_PEEK} more`}
+                        ? t("sidebar.showLess")
+                        : t("sidebar.showMore", { count: recentSessions.length - RECENT_PEEK })}
                     </button>
                   )}
                 </>
@@ -1139,14 +1150,14 @@ export function Sidebar(props: Props) {
                 {cloud?.signed_in ? (
                   <div
                     className="px-3 py-1.5 mb-1 text-[11px] text-faint truncate border-b border-line"
-                    title={`${accountEmail} · OpenWorker Cloud`}
+                    title={t("sidebar.accountMenuSignedInAs", { email: accountEmail })}
                   >
-                    {accountEmail} · OpenWorker Cloud
+                    {t("sidebar.accountMenuSignedInAs", { email: accountEmail })}
                   </div>
                 ) : (
                   <>
                     <div className="px-3 py-1.5 text-[11px] text-faint border-b border-line">
-                      Not signed in — one-click connections need OpenWorker Cloud
+                      {t("sidebar.accountMenuNotSignedIn")}
                     </div>
                     <button
                       className="w-full flex items-center gap-2.5 px-3 py-1.5 mb-1 text-[13px] text-left text-accent hover:bg-paper"
@@ -1164,33 +1175,32 @@ export function Sidebar(props: Props) {
                         });
                       }}
                     >
-                      <Icon name="plug" size={15} className="shrink-0" /> Sign in to OpenWorker
-                      Cloud
+                      <Icon name="plug" size={15} className="shrink-0" /> {t("sidebar.signInCloud")}
                     </button>
                   </>
                 )}
                 {appMenuItem(
                   "inbox",
-                  "Inbox",
+                  t("sidebar.accountMenuInbox"),
                   props.onOpenInbox,
                   props.inboxActive,
                   <AttnBadge n={totalAttention} />,
                 )}
-                {appMenuItem("plug", "Connectors", props.onOpenIntegrations, props.integrationsActive)}
+                {appMenuItem("plug", t("sidebar.accountMenuConnectors"), props.onOpenIntegrations, props.integrationsActive)}
                 <div className="h-px bg-line my-1 mx-2" />
                 {appMenuItem(
                   "gear",
-                  "Settings",
+                  t("sidebar.accountMenuSettings"),
                   props.onManage,
                   false,
                   <span className="text-[11px] text-faint">⌘ ,</span>,
                 )}
-                {appMenuItem("clock", "Automations", props.onOpenScheduled, props.scheduledActive)}
-                {appMenuItem("audit", "Activity", props.onOpenAudit, props.auditActive)}
+                {appMenuItem("clock", t("sidebar.automations"), props.onOpenScheduled, props.scheduledActive)}
+                {appMenuItem("audit", t("sidebar.activity"), props.onOpenAudit, props.auditActive)}
                 {cloud?.signed_in && (
                   <>
                     <div className="h-px bg-line my-1 mx-2" />
-                    {appMenuItem("signOut", "Sign out", async () => {
+                    {appMenuItem("signOut", t("sidebar.signOut"), async () => {
                       await cloudLogout().catch(() => {});
                       announceCloudChanged();
                     })}
@@ -1212,7 +1222,7 @@ export function Sidebar(props: Props) {
             }}
             aria-haspopup="menu"
             aria-expanded={appMenuOpen}
-            aria-label={cloud?.signed_in ? `Account: ${accountEmail}` : "Account: not signed in"}
+            aria-label={cloud?.signed_in ? t("sidebar.accountLabel", { email: accountEmail }) : t("sidebar.accountNotSignedIn")}
           >
             <span
               className={
@@ -1226,12 +1236,12 @@ export function Sidebar(props: Props) {
               {cloud?.signed_in ? accountName.slice(0, 1).toUpperCase() : "?"}
             </span>
             <span className={"truncate " + (cloud?.signed_in ? "" : "text-muted")}>
-              {cloud?.signed_in ? accountName : "Not signed in"}
+              {cloud?.signed_in ? accountName : t("sidebar.notSignedIn")}
             </span>
             {cloud?.signed_in && (
               <span
                 className="w-[7px] h-[7px] rounded-full bg-ok shrink-0"
-                title="Signed in to OpenWorker Cloud"
+                title={t("sidebar.signedInCloud")}
                 aria-hidden
               />
             )}
@@ -1247,9 +1257,9 @@ export function Sidebar(props: Props) {
                 data-testid="inbox-chip"
                 role="button"
                 aria-label={
-                  totalAttention > 0 ? `Inbox — ${totalAttention} items need you` : "Inbox"
+                  totalAttention > 0 ? t("sidebar.inboxItemsNeedYou", { count: totalAttention }) : t("sidebar.inbox")
                 }
-                title={totalAttention > 0 ? `Inbox — ${totalAttention} items need you` : "Inbox"}
+                title={totalAttention > 0 ? t("sidebar.inboxItemsNeedYou", { count: totalAttention }) : t("sidebar.inbox")}
                 onClick={(e) => {
                   // The chip goes STRAIGHT to Inbox — the menu is the row's target, not the chip's.
                   e.stopPropagation();
@@ -1299,6 +1309,7 @@ function NewSessionSplit({
   onNew: (agent: string) => void;
   onManage: () => void;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [open, setOpen] = useState(false);
   const enabled = (personas || []).filter((p) => p.enabled);
   // With a single enabled persona there is nothing to pick — the split collapses to a plain
@@ -1315,13 +1326,13 @@ function NewSessionSplit({
           }
           onClick={() => onNew(solo && enabled.length === 1 ? enabled[0].id : current)}
         >
-          <Icon name="plus" size={15} className="shrink-0" /> New session
+          <Icon name="plus" size={15} className="shrink-0" /> {t("sidebar.newSession")}
         </button>
         {!solo && (
           <button
             className="px-2.5 rounded-r-lg bg-accent text-white border-l border-white/25 hover:opacity-95 flex items-center"
-            title="Start with a specific persona"
-            aria-label="Choose a persona"
+            title={t("sidebar.startWithPersona")}
+            aria-label={t("sidebar.choosePersona")}
             onClick={() => setOpen((v) => !v)}
           >
             <Icon name="chevronDown" size={13} />
@@ -1333,7 +1344,7 @@ function NewSessionSplit({
           <div className="fixed inset-0 z-20" onClick={() => setOpen(false)} />
           <div className="newsplit-menu absolute left-3 right-3 mt-1 z-30 bg-panel border border-line rounded-xl2 shadow-xl p-1">
             <div className="px-2 py-1 text-[10.5px] uppercase tracking-[0.06em] text-faint font-semibold">
-              Start a session as
+              {t("sidebar.startAs")}
             </div>
             {enabled.map((p) => (
               <button
@@ -1366,7 +1377,7 @@ function NewSessionSplit({
                     onManage();
                   }}
                 >
-                  Manage personas…
+                  {t("sidebar.managePersonas")}
                 </button>
               </div>
             )}
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/components/SkillsTab.tsx b/surfaces/gui/src/components/SkillsTab.tsx
index 6849ffcf..f905db07 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/src/components/SkillsTab.tsx
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/components/SkillsTab.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { useRef, useState } from "react";
 import { useEffect } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import {
   createSkill,
   deleteSkill,
@@ -73,6 +74,7 @@ export function SkillsTab({
   // prefilled in the composer — the worker builds the skill and proposes it via save_skill.
   onCreateSkill?: (description: string) => void;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [rows, setRows] = useState<SkillRow[]>([]);
   const [editor, setEditor] = useState<Editor | null>(null);
   const [upload, setUpload] = useState<SkillUploadPreview | null>(null);
@@ -91,11 +93,9 @@ export function SkillsTab({
   // model will be told…") or engineering timing ("from the next message") — owner-driver
   // review rounds, 2026-07-27. The engine countermands disabled-but-loaded skills silently;
   // the copy promises only the guaranteed part.
-  const CONFIRMATION = "— the worker can now use it in every conversation.";
-  const OFF_NOTE =
-    "turned off everywhere. If a conversation already used it, start a new one for a completely clean slate.";
-  const DELETE_NOTE =
-    "removed. If a conversation already used it, start a new one for a completely clean slate.";
+  const CONFIRMATION = t("skills.confirmation");
+  const OFF_NOTE = t("skills.offNote");
+  const DELETE_NOTE = t("skills.deleteNote");
 
   const refresh = () => listSkills().then(setRows);
   useEffect(() => {
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ export function SkillsTab({
   const fail = (res: { ok?: boolean; error?: string }) => {
     setNotice(null);
     if (res.ok === false) {
-      setError(res.error || "Something went wrong.");
+      setError(res.error || t("skills.somethingWentWrong"));
       return true;
     }
     setError("");
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ export function SkillsTab({
     const res = await confirmSkillUpload(upload.token);
     if (fail(res)) return;
     setUpload(null);
-    setNotice({ name: upload.name || "Skill", text: CONFIRMATION, tone: "ok" });
+    setNotice({ name: upload.name || t("skills.skillDefault"), text: CONFIRMATION, tone: "ok" });
     refresh();
   };
 
@@ -164,10 +164,9 @@ export function SkillsTab({
     <section>
       <div className="flex items-start justify-between gap-3 mb-4">
         <div>
-          <h2 className="text-[16px] font-semibold">Skills</h2>
+          <h2 className="text-[16px] font-semibold">{t("skills.title")}</h2>
           <p className="text-[12.5px] text-muted mt-1 leading-relaxed">
-            Reusable instructions the worker can follow in every conversation. Off here means
-            off everywhere.
+            {t("skills.subtitle")}
           </p>
         </div>
         {/* One add-action, three doors behind it (SKILLS-SPEC §5): the list is the page. */}
@@ -179,7 +178,7 @@ export function SkillsTab({
             onClick={() => setAddOpen((v) => !v)}
           >
             <span className="inline-flex items-center gap-1.5">
-              <Icon name="plus" size={13} /> Add skill
+              <Icon name="plus" size={13} /> {t("skills.addSkill")}
             </span>
           </button>
           {addOpen ? (
@@ -198,9 +197,9 @@ export function SkillsTab({
                     setEditor(emptyEditor());
                   }}
                 >
-                  <div className="text-[13px] font-medium">Write it myself</div>
+                  <div className="text-[13px] font-medium">{t("skills.writeItMyself")}</div>
                   <div className="text-[11.5px] text-muted">
-                    A name, a description, and the instructions
+                    {t("skills.writeItMyselfDesc")}
                   </div>
                 </button>
                 <button
@@ -211,9 +210,9 @@ export function SkillsTab({
                     fileInput.current?.click();
                   }}
                 >
-                  <div className="text-[13px] font-medium">Import a file</div>
+                  <div className="text-[13px] font-medium">{t("skills.importFile")}</div>
                   <div className="text-[11.5px] text-muted">
-                    A .zip or SKILL.md someone shared — you review before it installs
+                    {t("skills.importFileDesc")}
                   </div>
                 </button>
                 <button
@@ -225,10 +224,9 @@ export function SkillsTab({
                     onCreateSkill?.("");
                   }}
                 >
-                  <div className="text-[13px] font-medium">Create with OpenWorker</div>
+                  <div className="text-[13px] font-medium">{t("skills.createWithOpenWorker")}</div>
                   <div className="text-[11.5px] text-muted">
-                    Starts a conversation — the worker builds it and asks before adding it to
-                    your skills
+                    {t("skills.createWithOpenWorkerDesc")}
                   </div>
                 </button>
               </div>
@@ -241,7 +239,7 @@ export function SkillsTab({
         type="file"
         accept=".zip,.md"
         className="hidden"
-        aria-label="Upload a skill archive"
+        aria-label={t("skills.uploadArchive")}
         onChange={(e) => {
           onPickFile(e.target.files?.[0]);
           e.target.value = "";
@@ -268,7 +266,7 @@ export function SkillsTab({
           </span>
           <button
             className="ml-auto shrink-0 opacity-60 hover:opacity-100"
-            aria-label="Dismiss"
+            aria-label={t("common.dismiss")}
             onClick={() => setNotice(null)}
           >
             ✕
@@ -278,28 +276,28 @@ export function SkillsTab({
 
       {upload ? (
         <div className={`${CARD} p-4 mb-4`}>
-          <div className="text-[13px] font-medium mb-1">Review before installing</div>
+          <div className="text-[13px] font-medium mb-1">{t("skills.reviewBeforeInstalling")}</div>
           <p className="text-[12.5px] text-muted mb-3">
-            Read the instructions — installing a skill means the worker will follow them.
+            {t("skills.reviewHelp")}
           </p>
           <div className="text-[13px] mb-1">
             <span className="font-medium">{upload.name}</span>
-            <span className="text-muted"> — {upload.description || "no description"}</span>
+            <span className="text-muted"> — {upload.description || t("skills.noDescription")}</span>
           </div>
           <pre className="text-[12px] bg-paper border border-line rounded-lg p-3 whitespace-pre-wrap max-h-64 overflow-y-auto mb-2">
             {upload.instructions}
           </pre>
           {upload.files?.length ? (
             <div className="text-[12px] text-muted mb-2">
-              Bundled files: {upload.files.join(", ")}
+              {t("skills.bundledFiles", { list: upload.files.join(", ") })}
             </div>
           ) : null}
           <div className="flex gap-2 mt-3">
             <button className={BTN_ACCENT} onClick={confirmUpload}>
-              Install skill
+              {t("skills.installSkill")}
             </button>
             <button className={BTN_BORDERED} onClick={() => setUpload(null)}>
-              Cancel
+              {t("common.cancel")}
             </button>
           </div>
         </div>
@@ -308,37 +306,37 @@ export function SkillsTab({
       {editor ? (
         <div className={`${CARD} p-4 mb-4`}>
           <div className="text-[13px] font-medium mb-3">
-            {editor.mode === "new" ? "New skill" : `Edit ${editor.name}`}
+            {editor.mode === "new" ? t("skills.newSkill") : t("skills.editSkill", { name: editor.name })}
           </div>
           <label className={FIELD_LABEL} htmlFor="skill-name">
-            Name
+            {t("skills.name")}
           </label>
           <input
             id="skill-name"
             className={`${INPUT} mt-1 mb-3`}
             value={editor.name}
             disabled={editor.mode === "edit"}
-            placeholder="weekly-report"
+            placeholder={t("skills.namePlaceholder")}
             onChange={(e) => setEditor({ ...editor, name: e.target.value })}
           />
           <label className={FIELD_LABEL} htmlFor="skill-desc">
-            Description
+            {t("skills.description")}
           </label>
           <input
             id="skill-desc"
             className={`${INPUT} mt-1 mb-3`}
             value={editor.description}
-            placeholder="One line the worker uses to decide when this applies"
+            placeholder={t("skills.descriptionPlaceholder")}
             onChange={(e) => setEditor({ ...editor, description: e.target.value })}
           />
           <label className={FIELD_LABEL} htmlFor="skill-instructions">
-            Instructions
+            {t("skills.instructions")}
           </label>
           <textarea
             id="skill-instructions"
             className={`${INPUT} mt-1 mb-3 min-h-[140px] font-mono`}
             value={editor.instructions}
-            placeholder={"1. Gather last week's updates\n2. Write the report, under 300 words"}
+            placeholder={t("skills.instructionsPlaceholder")}
             onChange={(e) => setEditor({ ...editor, instructions: e.target.value })}
           />
           <div className="flex gap-2 mt-3">
@@ -347,10 +345,10 @@ export function SkillsTab({
               disabled={!editor.name.trim() || !editor.instructions.trim()}
               onClick={save}
             >
-              Save skill
+              {t("skills.saveSkill")}
             </button>
             <button className={BTN_BORDERED} onClick={() => setEditor(null)}>
-              Cancel
+              {t("common.cancel")}
             </button>
           </div>
         </div>
@@ -359,8 +357,9 @@ export function SkillsTab({
       <div className={`${CARD} divide-y divide-line`}>
         {rows.length === 0 && !editor ? (
           <div className="p-5 text-[13px] text-muted">
-            No skills yet — <b>Add skill</b> teaches your worker its first one, like
-            “prepare my Monday status report”.
+            {t("skills.emptyBefore")}
+            <b>{t("skills.addSkill")}</b>
+            {t("skills.emptyAfter")}
           </div>
         ) : null}
         {rows.map((row) => (
@@ -377,10 +376,10 @@ export function SkillsTab({
                 {row.files ? (
                   <button
                     className="inline-flex items-center gap-1 text-[11px] px-1.5 py-0.5 rounded-md border border-line bg-paper text-muted hover:text-ink hover:border-lineStrong shrink-0"
-                    title="Show folder"
+                    title={t("skills.showFolder")}
                     onClick={() => revealSkill(row.name)}
                   >
-                    <Icon name="folder" size={11} /> {row.files} file{row.files === 1 ? "" : "s"}
+                    <Icon name="folder" size={11} /> {t("skills.fileCount", { count: row.files })}
                   </button>
                 ) : null}
               </div>
@@ -390,7 +389,7 @@ export function SkillsTab({
             </div>
             <button
               className={BTN_BORDERED}
-              title="Edit"
+              title={t("common.edit")}
               onClick={() =>
                 setEditor({
                   mode: "edit",
@@ -404,17 +403,17 @@ export function SkillsTab({
             </button>
             <button
               className={BTN_BORDERED}
-              aria-label={`Delete ${row.name}`}
+              aria-label={t("skills.deleteSkill", { name: row.name })}
               onClick={() => remove(row)}
               onBlur={() => setArmedDelete(null)}
             >
-              {armedDelete === row.name ? "Confirm delete" : <Icon name="trash" size={13} />}
+              {armedDelete === row.name ? t("skills.confirmDelete") : <Icon name="trash" size={13} />}
             </button>
             <label className="inline-flex items-center gap-1.5 text-[12px] text-muted">
               <input
                 type="checkbox"
                 role="switch"
-                aria-label={`${row.name} enabled`}
+                aria-label={t("skills.enabledState", { name: row.name })}
                 checked={row.enabled}
                 onChange={(e) => {
                   const on = e.target.checked;
@@ -429,7 +428,7 @@ export function SkillsTab({
                   });
                 }}
               />
-              On
+              {t("common.on")}
             </label>
           </div>
         ))}
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/components/SubscriptionsChip.tsx b/surfaces/gui/src/components/SubscriptionsChip.tsx
index 8548917c..4ea7e1fe 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/src/components/SubscriptionsChip.tsx
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/components/SubscriptionsChip.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useEffect, useRef, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import {
   getConnectors,
   getRecentChannels,
@@ -38,6 +39,7 @@ export function ChannelPicker({
   // human name (+ workspace) wherever they show the target (§25 consent line, summaries).
   onPickName?: (address: string, name: string, workspace?: string) => void;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [open, setOpen] = useState(false);
   const wrap = useRef<HTMLDivElement | null>(null);
   useEffect(() => {
@@ -143,7 +145,7 @@ export function ChannelPicker({
       <input
         ref={inputRef}
         className="chan-input w-full"
-        placeholder="slack:C0123 or channel link"
+        placeholder={t("channelPicker.placeholderLink")}
         value={display}
         title={value || undefined}
         onChange={(e) => {
@@ -205,7 +207,7 @@ export function ChannelPicker({
               className="px-3 py-1.5 text-[12px] text-faint"
               data-testid="roster-searching"
             >
-              searching your workspace’s channels…
+              {t("channelPicker.searching")}
             </div>
           )}
           {/* Live workspace-roster hits: type the NAME, we resolved the id. */}
@@ -235,7 +237,7 @@ export function ChannelPicker({
               )}
               {!r.is_member && (
                 <span className="block text-[11px] text-warnInk">
-                  invite @ocw to this channel in Slack so it can listen
+                  {t("channelPicker.inviteFull")}
                 </span>
               )}
             </button>
@@ -257,6 +259,7 @@ export function SubscriptionsChip({
   channels: string[];
   onChanged: () => void;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [open, setOpen] = useState(false);
   const [recent, setRecent] = useState<RecentChannel[]>([]);
   const [draft, setDraft] = useState("");
@@ -288,23 +291,23 @@ export function SubscriptionsChip({
     <div className="sub-chip-wrap" ref={ref}>
       <button
         className={"wschip sub-chip" + (open ? " active" : "")}
-        title="Channels this session listens to"
+        title={t("subscriptions.sessionTitle")}
         onClick={() => setOpen((v) => !v)}
       >
         <Icon name="plug" size={12} /> {channels.length || "+"}
       </button>
       {open && (
         <div className="sub-pop" onMouseDown={(e) => e.stopPropagation()}>
-          <div className="sub-pop-head">Channels this session listens to</div>
+          <div className="sub-pop-head">{t("subscriptions.sessionTitle")}</div>
           {channels.length === 0 ? (
-            <div className="dim sub-pop-empty">Not subscribed to any channel.</div>
+            <div className="dim sub-pop-empty">{t("subscriptions.empty")}</div>
           ) : (
             channels.map((c) => {
               const nm = recent.find((r) => r.channel === c)?.name;
               return (
               <div className="sub-pop-row" key={c}>
                 <span className="sub-pop-chan" title={c}>{nm ? `#${nm}` : c}</span>
-                <button className="sub-pop-x" title="Unsubscribe" onClick={() => remove(c)}>
+                <button className="sub-pop-x" title={t("subscriptions.unsubscribe")} onClick={() => remove(c)}>
                   ×
                 </button>
               </div>
@@ -314,7 +317,7 @@ export function SubscriptionsChip({
           <div className="sub-pop-add">
             <ChannelPicker value={draft} onChange={setDraft} recent={recent} onSubmit={add} />
             <button className="btn-primary sm" disabled={!draft.trim()} onClick={add}>
-              Add
+              {t("subscriptions.add")}
             </button>
           </div>
         </div>
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/components/TodoPanel.tsx b/surfaces/gui/src/components/TodoPanel.tsx
index 3ba974f3..ccc5a9b0 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/src/components/TodoPanel.tsx
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/components/TodoPanel.tsx
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 import type { TodoItem } from "../types";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 
 export function TodoPanel({ items }: { items: TodoItem[] }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   if (!items || items.length === 0) return null;
   const box = (s: string) => (s === "done" ? "☑" : s === "in_progress" ? "◉" : "☐");
   return (
     <div className="todo">
-      <h4>Tasks</h4>
+      <h4>{t("todo.tasks")}</h4>
       {items.map((it, i) => (
         <div className="item" key={i}>
           <span className="box">{box(it.status)}</span>
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/components/Transcript.tsx b/surfaces/gui/src/components/Transcript.tsx
index effc60f1..4c84fe3e 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/src/components/Transcript.tsx
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/components/Transcript.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 import { useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import type { TFunction } from "i18next";
 import type { ApprovalDecision, Item } from "../types";
 import { shortArgs } from "./ApprovalCard";
 import { humanizeAsk, humanizeTool, type HumanLine } from "../humanize";
@@ -12,6 +14,7 @@ import { Icon } from "./Icon";
 const USER_CLAMP_CHARS = 1200;
 
 function ClampedUserText({ text }: { text: string }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [open, setOpen] = useState(false);
   if (text.length <= USER_CLAMP_CHARS) return <>{text}</>;
   return (
@@ -22,7 +25,7 @@ function ClampedUserText({ text }: { text: string }) {
         onClick={() => setOpen((o) => !o)}
         className="block ml-auto mt-1.5 text-[12.5px] font-medium opacity-75 hover:opacity-100"
       >
-        {open ? "less…" : "more…"}
+        {open ? t("transcript.less") : t("transcript.more")}
       </button>
     </>
   );
@@ -33,6 +36,7 @@ function ClampedUserText({ text }: { text: string }) {
 // so revealing it on group-hover never shifts the layout. `ts` is unix seconds — canonical
 // messages carry it, pre-stamp history doesn't, so the time simply omits itself when absent.
 function BubbleMeta({ text, ts, align }: { text: string; ts?: number; align: "left" | "right" }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [copied, setCopied] = useState(false);
   const when = typeof ts === "number" ? new Date(ts * 1000) : null;
   const copy = () => {
@@ -57,10 +61,10 @@ function BubbleMeta({ text, ts, align }: { text: string; ts?: number; align: "le
         <button
           className="flex items-center cursor-pointer hover:text-muted"
           data-testid="bubble-copy"
-          title="Copy message"
+          title={t("transcript.copyMessage")}
           onClick={copy}
         >
-          {copied ? "Copied" : <Icon name="copy" size={11} />}
+          {copied ? t("transcript.copied") : <Icon name="copy" size={11} />}
         </button>
         {when && (
           <span data-testid="bubble-ts" title={when.toLocaleString()}>
@@ -76,6 +80,7 @@ function BubbleMeta({ text, ts, align }: { text: string; ts?: number; align: "le
 // collapsed by default, the trace one click away. `live` = still streaming (pulsing label);
 // App renders that variant above the transcript, this one rides a finalized assistant item.
 export function ThinkingBlock({ text, live }: { text: string; live?: boolean }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [open, setOpen] = useState(false);
   return (
     <div className="thinking">
@@ -86,7 +91,7 @@ export function ThinkingBlock({ text, live }: { text: string; live?: boolean })
       >
         <Icon name="chevronDown" size={12} className={"thinking-caret" + (open ? " open" : "")} />
         <span className={live ? "thinking-live" : undefined}>
-          {live ? "Thinking…" : "Thought process"}
+          {live ? t("transcript.thinking") : t("transcript.thoughtProcess")}
         </span>
       </button>
       {open && (
@@ -154,15 +159,15 @@ function buildRows(items: TurnItem[]): TurnRow[] {
   return rows;
 }
 
-function approvalChip(resolved: ApprovalDecision | undefined) {
+function approvalChip(resolved: ApprovalDecision | undefined, t: TFunction) {
   if (resolved === "deny")
-    return <span className="text-[10.5px] px-1.5 rounded-full bg-dangerSoft text-danger shrink-0">✕ declined</span>;
+    return <span className="text-[10.5px] px-1.5 rounded-full bg-dangerSoft text-danger shrink-0">✕ {t("transcript.declined")}</span>;
   return (
     <span
       className="text-[10.5px] px-1.5 rounded-full bg-okSoft text-ok shrink-0"
-      title={resolved ? `approved · ${resolved.replace(/_/g, " ")}` : "approved"}
+      title={resolved ? t("transcript.approvedWith", { detail: resolved.replace(/_/g, " ") }) : t("transcript.approved")}
     >
-      ✓ approved
+      ✓ {t("transcript.approved")}
     </span>
   );
 }
@@ -178,6 +183,7 @@ function LineText({ line }: { line: HumanLine }) {
 }
 
 function StepRow({ tool, approval }: { tool: ToolItem; approval?: ApprovalItem }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [raw, setRaw] = useState(false);
   const running = tool.status === "…";
   const failed = tool.status !== "ok" && !running;
@@ -192,27 +198,27 @@ function StepRow({ tool, approval }: { tool: ToolItem; approval?: ApprovalItem }
             // A refused load must not read as a success — "Used skill:" is the trust line
             // (SKILLS-SPEC §4.1 #4), so a blocked attempt gets honest wording instead.
             tool.name === "load_skill" && tool.preview?.includes('"error"')
-              ? { pre: "Tried skill: ", obj: String(tool.args?.name ?? ""), post: " — not available" }
+              ? { pre: t("transcript.triedSkill"), obj: String(tool.args?.name ?? ""), post: t("transcript.notAvailable") }
               : humanizeTool(tool.name, tool.args)
           }
         />
-        {approval && approvalChip(approval.resolved)}
+        {approval && approvalChip(approval.resolved, t)}
         {!!tool.standingRule && (
           <span
             className="text-[10.5px] px-1.5 rounded-full bg-tealSoft text-tealInk shrink-0"
             data-testid="tool-standing-rule"
-            title={`Auto-allowed by this automation's standing approval: ${tool.standingRule}. Revoke on its Automations page.`}
+            title={t("transcript.autoAllowedTitle", { rule: tool.standingRule })}
           >
-            auto-allowed
+            {t("transcript.autoAllowed")}
           </span>
         )}
         {!!tool.hidden && (
           <span
             className="text-[11px] text-warnInk shrink-0"
             data-testid="tool-hidden-count"
-            title="Removed by your privacy filters before the agent saw the results — agents get no trace of these."
+            title={t("transcript.hiddenTitle")}
           >
-            {tool.hidden} hidden
+            {t("transcript.hiddenCount", { count: tool.hidden })}
           </span>
         )}
         {failed && <span className="text-[11px] text-danger shrink-0">{tool.status}</span>}
@@ -221,7 +227,7 @@ function StepRow({ tool, approval }: { tool: ToolItem; approval?: ApprovalItem }
             className="ml-auto shrink-0 text-[11px] text-faint opacity-0 group-hover:opacity-100 cursor-pointer"
             onClick={() => setRaw((v) => !v)}
           >
-            raw
+            {t("transcript.raw")}
           </button>
         )}
       </div>
@@ -248,6 +254,7 @@ function TurnGroup({
 }) {
   // Turns start COLLAPSED, running or not (owner call 2026-07-14) — the header's live
   // line is the pulse; expanding is opt-in.
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const rows = buildRows(items);
   const tools = items.filter((it): it is ToolItem => it.kind === "tool");
   const running = live || tools.some((t) => t.status === "…");
@@ -259,7 +266,7 @@ function TurnGroup({
   const nSteps = rows.filter((r) => r.type !== "narr").length;
   const declined = items.filter((it) => it.kind === "approval" && it.resolved === "deny").length;
   const hiddenTotal = tools.reduce((n, t) => n + (t.hidden || 0), 0);
-  const stepsLabel = `${nSteps} step${nSteps === 1 ? "" : "s"}`;
+  const stepsLabel = t("transcript.steps", { count: nSteps });
 
   return (
     <details className="stepgroup" open={open}>
@@ -272,12 +279,12 @@ function TurnGroup({
       >
         <span className={"chev inline-block transition-transform" + (open ? " rotate-90" : "")}>›</span>
         <span>
-          <span>{running ? `Running ${stepsLabel}…` : stepsLabel}</span>
+          <span>{running ? t("transcript.runningSteps", { count: nSteps }) : stepsLabel}</span>
           {declined > 0 && (
             <>
               {" · "}
               <span className="text-danger" data-testid="stepgroup-declined">
-                {declined} declined
+                {t("transcript.declinedCount", { count: declined })}
               </span>
             </>
           )}
@@ -285,7 +292,7 @@ function TurnGroup({
             <>
               {" · "}
               <span className="text-warnInk" data-testid="stepgroup-hidden">
-                {hiddenTotal} hidden by your filters
+                {t("transcript.hiddenByFilters", { count: hiddenTotal })}
               </span>
             </>
           )}
@@ -307,7 +314,7 @@ function TurnGroup({
               <div className="flex items-baseline gap-2 px-2 py-0.5" key={i} data-testid="turn-ask">
                 <span className={"w-3.5 text-center text-[10px] shrink-0 " + (row.approval.resolved === "deny" ? "text-danger" : "text-ok")}>●</span>
                 <LineText line={humanizeAsk(row.approval.name, row.approval.args)} />
-                {approvalChip(row.approval.resolved)}
+                {approvalChip(row.approval.resolved, t)}
               </div>
             ) : (
               <StepRow tool={row.tool} approval={row.approval} key={i} />
@@ -357,6 +364,7 @@ export function retryAnchor(items: Item[]): number {
 }
 
 export function Transcript({ items, running, streamingText, onRetry }: Props) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   // §33 grouping: a turn = the maximal run of assistant/tool/resolved-approval items between
   // breakers (user, connector, notices, plan/dir requests…). Trailing assistant texts are the
   // ANSWER and render as bubbles after the group; interior assistant texts are narration and
@@ -443,7 +451,7 @@ export function Transcript({ items, running, streamingText, onRetry }: Props) {
               );
             return (
               <div className="group bubble-assistant" key={bi}>
-                <div className="who">assistant</div>
+                <div className="who">{t("app.assistant")}</div>
                 {item.reasoning && <ThinkingBlock text={item.reasoning} />}
                 <Markdown text={item.text} />
                 <BubbleMeta text={item.text} ts={item.ts} align="left" />
@@ -456,7 +464,7 @@ export function Transcript({ items, running, streamingText, onRetry }: Props) {
                 <span className={"status " + (item.resolved === "granted" ? "ok" : "denied")}>
                   {item.resolved === "granted" ? "✓" : "✕"}
                 </span>
-                <span>{item.resolved === "granted" ? "Granted folder access" : "Declined folder access"}</span>
+                <span>{item.resolved === "granted" ? t("transcript.grantedFolderAccess") : t("transcript.declinedFolderAccess")}</span>
                 {item.path && <span className="dim">{item.path}</span>}
               </div>
             );
@@ -464,13 +472,13 @@ export function Transcript({ items, running, streamingText, onRetry }: Props) {
             if (!item.resolved) return null; // pending plan renders in the composer head
             return (
               <div className="bubble-assistant" key={bi}>
-                <div className="who">proposed plan</div>
+                <div className="who">{t("transcript.proposedPlan")}</div>
                 <Markdown text={item.plan} />
                 <div className="approval-inline">
                   <span className={"status " + (item.resolved === "approved" ? "ok" : "denied")}>
                     {item.resolved === "approved" ? "✓" : "✕"}
                   </span>
-                  <span>{item.resolved === "approved" ? "Plan approved" : "Sent back with feedback"}</span>
+                  <span>{item.resolved === "approved" ? t("transcript.planApproved") : t("transcript.sentBackWithFeedback")}</span>
                 </div>
               </div>
             );
@@ -480,7 +488,7 @@ export function Transcript({ items, running, streamingText, onRetry }: Props) {
                 {item.text}
                 {item.retriable && !running && onRetry && block.i === retryAnchor(items) && (
                   <button className="btn ml-2" data-testid="notice-retry" onClick={onRetry}>
-                    Retry
+                    {t("common.retry")}
                   </button>
                 )}
               </div>
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/components/UpdateBanner.tsx b/surfaces/gui/src/components/UpdateBanner.tsx
index 4aa6b705..ef4d1447 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/src/components/UpdateBanner.tsx
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/components/UpdateBanner.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useEffect, useRef, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import {
   checkForUpdate,
   clearPendingUpdate,
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@ const RECHECK_MS = 30 * 60_000;
 type Phase = "downloading" | "ready" | "fallback" | "installing" | "error";
 
 export function UpdateBanner() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [update, setUpdate] = useState<UpdateInfo | null>(null);
   const [phase, setPhase] = useState<Phase>("downloading");
   // Per-run, per-version dismissal — no localStorage, so a restart re-offers, and a
@@ -88,13 +90,13 @@ export function UpdateBanner() {
       role="status"
       data-testid="update-banner"
     >
-      <div className="text-[13px] font-semibold">Update available</div>
+      <div className="text-[13px] font-semibold">{t("common.updateAvailable")}</div>
       <div className="text-[12px] text-muted mt-0.5">
-        OpenWorker v{update.version} is ready to install.
+        {t("updateBanner.readyToInstall", { version: update.version })}
       </div>
       {phase === "error" && (
         <div className="text-[11.5px] text-warnInk mt-1.5">
-          The update couldn't be installed — it will be offered again next launch.
+          {t("updateBanner.couldNotInstall")}
         </div>
       )}
       <div className="flex items-center gap-2 mt-2.5">
@@ -104,7 +106,7 @@ export function UpdateBanner() {
           disabled={busy}
           data-testid="update-install"
         >
-          {busy ? "Downloading…" : "Restart to update"}
+          {busy ? t("updateBanner.downloading") : t("updateBanner.restartToUpdate")}
         </button>
         <button
           className="px-2 py-1.5 text-[12.5px] text-faint hover:text-muted"
@@ -119,7 +121,7 @@ export function UpdateBanner() {
           disabled={phase === "installing"}
           data-testid="update-later"
         >
-          Later
+          {t("updateBanner.later")}
         </button>
       </div>
     </div>
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/components/WorkspaceTrustPrompt.tsx b/surfaces/gui/src/components/WorkspaceTrustPrompt.tsx
index f2ac6edb..64fa6874 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/src/components/WorkspaceTrustPrompt.tsx
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/components/WorkspaceTrustPrompt.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import { setWorkspaceTrusted, type WorkspaceCommandTrust } from "../api";
 
 export function WorkspaceTrustPrompt({
@@ -8,6 +9,7 @@ export function WorkspaceTrustPrompt({
   request: WorkspaceCommandTrust;
   onClose: () => void;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [saving, setSaving] = useState(false);
   const [error, setError] = useState("");
 
@@ -17,7 +19,7 @@ export function WorkspaceTrustPrompt({
     const result = await setWorkspaceTrusted(request.workspace, true).catch(() => null);
     setSaving(false);
     if (!result?.ok) {
-      setError(result?.error || "Could not save workspace trust.");
+      setError(result?.error || t("workspaceTrust.couldNotSave"));
       return;
     }
     onClose();
@@ -27,12 +29,8 @@ export function WorkspaceTrustPrompt({
     <div className="gate-overlay" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="workspace-trust-title">
       <div className="gate max-w-[560px]">
         <div className="gate-mark">✦</div>
-        <h2 id="workspace-trust-title">Trust this workspace&rsquo;s commands?</h2>
-        <p className="gate-sub">
-          This project asks OpenWorker to run the commands below without individual approval.
-          Trust applies to future configuration changes at this exact folder until you revoke it
-          in Settings.
-        </p>
+        <h2 id="workspace-trust-title">{t("workspaceTrust.trustCommands")}</h2>
+        <p className="gate-sub">{t("workspaceTrust.description")}</p>
         <div className="rounded-lg border border-line bg-paper px-3 py-2.5 max-h-48 overflow-y-auto">
           {request.requested_commands.map((command) => (
             <code key={command} className="block text-[12.5px] py-1 text-ink">
@@ -44,10 +42,10 @@ export function WorkspaceTrustPrompt({
         {error && <div className="gate-error">{error}</div>}
         <div className="gate-foot justify-end gap-2">
           <button className="btn" onClick={onClose} disabled={saving}>
-            Keep asking
+            {t("workspaceTrust.keepAsking")}
           </button>
           <button className="btn primary" onClick={() => void trust()} disabled={saving}>
-            {saving ? "Saving…" : "Trust workspace"}
+            {saving ? t("workspaceTrust.saving") : t("workspaceTrust.trustWorkspace")}
           </button>
         </div>
       </div>
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/AccountsDetail.tsx b/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/AccountsDetail.tsx
index 6228876e..e0a3b0d8 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/AccountsDetail.tsx
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/AccountsDetail.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import {
   connectManaged,
   disconnectAccount,
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ import { FOOT, GRP, GRP_H, PILL_ACCENT, ROW, TAG_ACCENT, XBTN } from "./ui";
 // always available underneath — signed out or in, local-only stays first-class.
 
 export function AccountsDetail({ c, cloud, slack: _slack, onChanged }: DetailProps) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [busy, setBusy] = useState(false);
   const [showManual, setShowManual] = useState(false);
   const accounts = (c.accounts ?? []) as AccountRow[];
@@ -43,11 +45,11 @@ export function AccountsDetail({ c, cloud, slack: _slack, onChanged }: DetailPro
               <>
                 <span className="w-2 h-2 rounded-full bg-ok" />
                 <span data-testid="accounts-status">
-                  {accounts.length} account{accounts.length === 1 ? "" : "s"}
+                  {t(accounts.length === 1 ? "conn.accountsCount_one" : "conn.accountsCount_other", { count: accounts.length })}
                 </span>
               </>
             ) : (
-              <span>Not connected</span>
+              <span>{t("conn.notConnected")}</span>
             )}
           </div>
         </div>
@@ -58,17 +60,17 @@ export function AccountsDetail({ c, cloud, slack: _slack, onChanged }: DetailPro
           disabled={busy}
           title={
             c.managed && !cloud?.signed_in
-              ? "Sign in to OpenWorker Cloud for one-click — or add a token below"
+              ? t("conn.addAccountTitle")
               : ""
           }
         >
-          {busy ? "Check your browser…" : "＋ Add account"}
+          {busy ? t("cloud.checkBrowser") : t("conn.addAccount")}
         </button>
       </div>
 
       {accounts.length > 0 && (
         <>
-          <div className={GRP_H + " !mt-0"}>Accounts</div>
+          <div className={GRP_H + " !mt-0"}>{t("conn.accounts")}</div>
           <div className={GRP} data-testid="accounts-group">
             {accounts.map((a) => (
               <Row key={a.account_id} connector={c.name} a={a} onChanged={onChanged} />
@@ -80,7 +82,7 @@ export function AccountsDetail({ c, cloud, slack: _slack, onChanged }: DetailPro
       {(showManual || !c.connected) && (
         <>
           <div className={GRP_H + (accounts.length ? "" : " !mt-0")}>
-            {c.managed ? "Add manually" : "Add an account"}
+            {c.managed ? t("conn.addManually") : t("conn.addAnAccount")}
           </div>
           <div className={GRP} data-testid="accounts-manual-add">
             <div className="px-1.5 py-1">
@@ -99,8 +101,7 @@ export function AccountsDetail({ c, cloud, slack: _slack, onChanged }: DetailPro
 
       <ToolsDisclosure c={c} onChanged={onChanged} />
       <div className={FOOT + " mt-2"}>
-        Each account stays separate — tool results and approvals name the account
-        they used.
+        {t("conn.accountsFooter")}
       </div>
     </div>
   );
@@ -115,6 +116,7 @@ function Row({
   a: AccountRow;
   onChanged: () => void;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [busy, setBusy] = useState(false);
   return (
     <div className={ROW} data-testid={`account-${a.account_id}`}>
@@ -125,7 +127,7 @@ function Row({
             {a.account_id}
           </span>
         )}
-        {a.default && <span className={TAG_ACCENT}>Default</span>}
+        {a.default && <span className={TAG_ACCENT}>{t("common.default")}</span>}
       </span>
       {!a.default && (
         <button
@@ -136,12 +138,12 @@ function Row({
             onChanged();
           }}
         >
-          Make default
+          {t("conn.makeDefault")}
         </button>
       )}
       <button
         className={XBTN}
-        title="Disconnect this account"
+        title={t("conn.disconnectAccountTitle")}
         data-testid={`account-disconnect-${a.account_id}`}
         disabled={busy}
         onClick={async () => {
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/AddConnectionModal.tsx b/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/AddConnectionModal.tsx
index 94d8372a..dc638d20 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/AddConnectionModal.tsx
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/AddConnectionModal.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import {
   connectConnector,
   connectManaged,
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@ export function AddConnectionModal({
   onClose: () => void;
   onChanged: () => void;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   // MCP-backed one-click (§42): local OAuth against the vendor's hosted MCP server —
   // with manual fields alongside (jira, asana) it's a second mode; alone (monday)
   // it IS the connect flow.
@@ -58,14 +60,14 @@ export function AddConnectionModal({
       <div
         className="absolute left-1/2 top-[14%] -translate-x-1/2 w-[480px] max-w-[calc(100vw-2rem)] bg-panel rounded-2xl border border-line shadow-2xl"
         role="dialog"
-        aria-label={title || `Connect ${c.title}`}
+        aria-label={title || t("access.connectTitle", { title: c.title })}
       >
         <div className="flex items-center gap-3 px-5 pt-5">
           <ConnectorBadge connector={c} size={34} title={c.title} />
           <div className="flex-1 font-semibold text-[16px] tracking-tight">
-            {title || `Connect ${c.title}`}
+            {title || t("access.connectTitle", { title: c.title })}
           </div>
-          <button className="text-faint hover:text-ink text-[18px] leading-none" onClick={onClose} title="Close">
+          <button className="text-faint hover:text-ink text-[18px] leading-none" onClick={onClose} title={t("common.close")}>
             ×
           </button>
         </div>
@@ -84,7 +86,7 @@ export function AddConnectionModal({
                     }
                     onClick={() => setPane(p)}
                   >
-                    {p === "one" ? "One click" : "Manual"}
+                    {p === "one" ? t("conn.oneClick") : t("common.manual")}
                   </button>
                 ))}
               </div>
@@ -128,11 +130,12 @@ export function AddConnectionModal({
 // client secret, no broker, no OpenWorker sign-in required). Poll until the card
 // flips to connected, then close.
 function McpOneClick({ c, onConnected }: { c: Connector; onConnected: () => void }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [waiting, setWaiting] = useState(false);
   const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
   useEffect(() => {
     if (!waiting) return;
-    const t = setInterval(async () => {
+    const interval = setInterval(async () => {
       try {
         const list = await getConnectors();
         if (list.find((x) => x.name === c.name)?.connected) onConnected();
@@ -140,20 +143,18 @@ function McpOneClick({ c, onConnected }: { c: Connector; onConnected: () => void
         /* keep polling */
       }
     }, 2000);
-    return () => clearInterval(t);
+    return () => clearInterval(interval);
   }, [waiting, c.name, onConnected]);
   const go = async () => {
     setError(null);
     const res = await connectMcpBacked(c.name);
     if (res.ok) setWaiting(true);
-    else setError(res.error || "could not start the connect");
+    else setError(res.error || t("manageTabs.couldNotStartConnect"));
   };
   return (
     <div className="px-5 py-4 space-y-3">
       <p className="text-[13px] text-muted">
-        Opens {c.title} in your browser — sign in and approve access there. No tokens
-        typed, and no OpenWorker account needed: the sign-in runs entirely on this
-        computer.
+        {t("conn.mcpOpens", { title: c.title })}
       </p>
       <button
         className={PILL_ACCENT + " w-full !py-2"}
@@ -161,12 +162,11 @@ function McpOneClick({ c, onConnected }: { c: Connector; onConnected: () => void
         onClick={go}
         disabled={waiting}
       >
-        {waiting ? "Check your browser…" : `Connect ${c.title}`}
+        {waiting ? t("cloud.checkBrowser") : t("access.connectTitle", { title: c.title })}
       </button>
       {error && <div className="text-[12.5px] text-danger">{error}</div>}
       <p className="text-[12px] text-faint text-center flex items-center justify-center gap-1.5">
-        <span className={TAG_ACCENT}>Recommended</span> agents get a curated set of{" "}
-        {c.title} tools · tokens stay on this computer
+        <span className={TAG_ACCENT}>{t("access.recommended")}</span> {t("conn.mcpToolsNote", { title: c.title })}
       </p>
     </div>
   );
@@ -175,19 +175,19 @@ function McpOneClick({ c, onConnected }: { c: Connector; onConnected: () => void
 // One-click pane for generic managed connectors (Notion, Attio, …): sign in
 // with the service in the browser; each consent lands as its own account.
 function GenericOneClick({ c, cloud }: { c: Connector; cloud: CloudStatus | null }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [waiting, setWaiting] = useState(false);
   const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const go = async () => {
     setError(null);
     const res = await connectManaged(c.name);
     if (res.ok) setWaiting(true);
-    else setError(res.error || "could not start the connect");
+    else setError(res.error || t("manageTabs.couldNotStartConnect"));
   };
   return (
     <div className="px-5 py-4 space-y-3">
       <p className="text-[13px] text-muted">
-        Opens {c.title} in your browser — approve access there. No tokens typed; connect
-        again with another account to add it alongside.
+        {t("conn.opensApprove", { title: c.title })}
       </p>
       {cloud?.signed_in ? (
         <button
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ function GenericOneClick({ c, cloud }: { c: Connector; cloud: CloudStatus | null
           onClick={go}
           disabled={waiting}
         >
-          {waiting ? "Check your browser…" : `Connect ${c.title}`}
+          {waiting ? t("cloud.checkBrowser") : t("access.connectTitle", { title: c.title })}
         </button>
       ) : cloud ? (
         <CloudSignInInline />
@@ -205,30 +205,30 @@ function GenericOneClick({ c, cloud }: { c: Connector; cloud: CloudStatus | null
       )}
       {error && <div className="text-[12.5px] text-danger">{error}</div>}
       <p className="text-[12px] text-faint text-center flex items-center justify-center gap-1.5">
-        <span className={TAG_ACCENT}>Recommended</span> tokens stay on this computer
+        <span className={TAG_ACCENT}>{t("access.recommended")}</span> {t("conn.tokensStay")}
       </p>
     </div>
   );
 }
 
 function SlackOneClick({ c, cloud }: { c: Connector; cloud: CloudStatus | null }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [waiting, setWaiting] = useState(false);
   const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const go = async () => {
     setError(null);
     const res = await connectManaged(c.name);
     if (res.ok) setWaiting(true);
-    else setError(res.error || "could not start the install");
+    else setError(res.error || t("conn.couldNotStartInstall"));
   };
   return (
     <div className="px-5 py-4 space-y-3">
       <p className="text-[13px] text-muted">
-        Opens Slack in your browser — approve @ocw for the workspace. No tokens; works for any
-        number of workspaces.
+        {t("conn.slackOpens")}
       </p>
       {cloud?.signed_in ? (
         <button className={PILL_ACCENT + " w-full !py-2"} data-testid="modal-add-to-slack" onClick={go} disabled={waiting}>
-          {waiting ? "Check your browser…" : "Add to Slack"}
+          {waiting ? t("cloud.checkBrowser") : t("conn.addToSlack")}
         </button>
       ) : cloud ? (
         <CloudSignInInline />
@@ -237,34 +237,33 @@ function SlackOneClick({ c, cloud }: { c: Connector; cloud: CloudStatus | null }
       )}
       {error && <div className="text-[12.5px] text-danger">{error}</div>}
       <p className="text-[12px] text-faint text-center flex items-center justify-center gap-1.5">
-        <span className={TAG_ACCENT}>Recommended</span> relay · tokens stay on this computer
+        <span className={TAG_ACCENT}>{t("access.recommended")}</span> {t("conn.relayTokensStay")}
       </p>
     </div>
   );
 }
 
 function GithubOneClick({ c, cloud }: { c: Connector; cloud: CloudStatus | null }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [waiting, setWaiting] = useState(false);
   const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const go = async () => {
     setError(null);
     const res = await connectManaged(c.name);
     if (res.ok) setWaiting(true);
-    else setError(res.error || "could not start the install");
+    else setError(res.error || t("conn.couldNotStartInstall"));
   };
   return (
     <div className="px-5 py-4 space-y-3">
       <p className="text-[13px] text-muted">
-        Opens GitHub in your browser — approve OpenWorker there. An existing @ocw-agent App
-        installation links right up; otherwise you'll pick an account and repos. No tokens
-        typed; the agent acts as ocw-agent[bot].
+        {t("conn.githubOpens")}
       </p>
       {cloud?.signed_in ? (
         /* One button: the broker is authorize-first — it links an existing installation or
            redirects the same tab on to the install page (the old "Already installed? Link
            it" question and the Configure dead-end are gone). */
         <button className={PILL_ACCENT + " w-full !py-2"} data-testid="modal-install-github-app" onClick={() => go()} disabled={waiting}>
-          {waiting ? "Check your browser…" : "Connect GitHub"}
+          {waiting ? t("cloud.checkBrowser") : t("conn.connectGithub")}
         </button>
       ) : cloud ? (
         <CloudSignInInline />
@@ -273,13 +272,14 @@ function GithubOneClick({ c, cloud }: { c: Connector; cloud: CloudStatus | null
       )}
       {error && <div className="text-[12.5px] text-danger">{error}</div>}
       <p className="text-[12px] text-faint text-center flex items-center justify-center gap-1.5">
-        <span className={TAG_ACCENT}>Recommended</span> relay · short-lived tokens, never stored
+        <span className={TAG_ACCENT}>{t("access.recommended")}</span> {t("conn.relayShortLived")}
       </p>
     </div>
   );
 }
 
 function HubSpotOneClick({ c, cloud }: { c: Connector; cloud: CloudStatus | null }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [access, setAccess] = useState<"read" | "write">("read");
   const [waiting, setWaiting] = useState(false);
   const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
@@ -287,21 +287,20 @@ function HubSpotOneClick({ c, cloud }: { c: Connector; cloud: CloudStatus | null
     setError(null);
     const res = await connectManaged(c.name, { access });
     if (res.ok) setWaiting(true);
-    else setError(res.error || "could not start the connect");
+    else setError(res.error || t("manageTabs.couldNotStartConnect"));
   };
   return (
     <div className="px-5 py-4 space-y-3">
       <p className="text-[13px] text-muted">
-        Opens HubSpot in your browser — pick the portal there. What agents may do is chosen
-        NOW, at consent:
+        {t("conn.hubspotOpens")}
       </p>
       <div className="space-y-1.5" data-testid="hubspot-access">
         {(
           [
-            ["read", "Read-only", "search and read contacts, companies, deals, tickets"],
-            ["write", "Read & write", "adds: log notes and tasks, update records, create contacts — never delete"],
+            ["read", "conn.hubspotReadOnly", "conn.hubspotReadOnlyDesc"],
+            ["write", "conn.hubspotReadWrite", "conn.hubspotReadWriteDesc"],
           ] as const
-        ).map(([value, label, blurb]) => (
+        ).map(([value, labelKey, blurbKey]) => (
           <label key={value} className="flex items-start gap-2 text-[13px] cursor-pointer">
             <input
               type="radio"
@@ -312,15 +311,15 @@ function HubSpotOneClick({ c, cloud }: { c: Connector; cloud: CloudStatus | null
               onChange={() => setAccess(value)}
             />
             <span>
-              <span className="font-medium">{label}</span>
-              <span className="block text-[12px] text-muted">{blurb}</span>
+              <span className="font-medium">{t(labelKey)}</span>
+              <span className="block text-[12px] text-muted">{t(blurbKey)}</span>
             </span>
           </label>
         ))}
       </div>
       {cloud?.signed_in ? (
         <button className={PILL_ACCENT + " w-full !py-2"} data-testid="modal-connect-hubspot" onClick={go} disabled={waiting}>
-          {waiting ? "Check your browser…" : "Connect HubSpot"}
+          {waiting ? t("cloud.checkBrowser") : t("conn.connectHubspot")}
         </button>
       ) : cloud ? (
         <CloudSignInInline />
@@ -329,13 +328,14 @@ function HubSpotOneClick({ c, cloud }: { c: Connector; cloud: CloudStatus | null
       )}
       {error && <div className="text-[12.5px] text-danger">{error}</div>}
       <p className="text-[12px] text-faint text-center">
-        Works for any number of portals · tokens stay on this computer
+        {t("conn.anyPortals")}
       </p>
     </div>
   );
 }
 
 function SlackManual({ onConnected }: { onConnected: () => void }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [bot, setBot] = useState("");
   const [app, setApp] = useState("");
   const [busy, setBusy] = useState(false);
@@ -346,23 +346,23 @@ function SlackManual({ onConnected }: { onConnected: () => void }) {
     const res = await connectConnector("slack", { bot_token: bot.trim(), app_token: app.trim() });
     setBusy(false);
     if (res.ok) onConnected();
-    else setError(res.error || "could not connect");
+    else setError(res.error || t("manageTabs.couldNotConnect"));
   };
   return (
     <div className="px-5 py-4 space-y-3">
       <ol className="list-decimal pl-4 text-[13px] text-muted space-y-1">
-        <li>Create an app at api.slack.com/apps</li>
-        <li>Enable Socket Mode, add bot scopes, install it to your workspace</li>
-        <li>Paste both tokens</li>
+        <li>{t("conn.slackManualStep1")}</li>
+        <li>{t("conn.slackManualStep2")}</li>
+        <li>{t("conn.slackManualStep3")}</li>
       </ol>
-      <input className={INPUT} type="password" placeholder="Bot token · xoxb-…" value={bot} spellCheck={false} onChange={(e) => setBot(e.target.value)} />
-      <input className={INPUT} type="password" placeholder="App token · xapp-…" value={app} spellCheck={false} onChange={(e) => setApp(e.target.value)} />
+      <input className={INPUT} type="password" placeholder={t("conn.botTokenPlaceholder")} value={bot} spellCheck={false} onChange={(e) => setBot(e.target.value)} />
+      <input className={INPUT} type="password" placeholder={t("conn.appTokenPlaceholder")} value={app} spellCheck={false} onChange={(e) => setApp(e.target.value)} />
       <button className={PILL_LINE + " w-full !py-2"} onClick={submit} disabled={busy || !bot.trim() || !app.trim()}>
-        {busy ? "Validating…" : "Connect"}
+        {busy ? t("manageTabs.validating") : t("conn.connect")}
       </button>
       {error && <div className="text-[12.5px] text-danger">{error}</div>}
       <p className="text-[12px] text-warnInk text-center">
-        One mode at a time — this pauses any relay workspaces.
+        {t("conn.oneModeAtATime")}
       </p>
     </div>
   );
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/AvailableDetail.tsx b/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/AvailableDetail.tsx
index ed487306..c78cddac 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/AvailableDetail.tsx
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/AvailableDetail.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import { type CloudStatus, type Connector } from "../../api";
 import { ConnectorBadge } from "../../connectors/ConnectorIcon";
 import { AddConnectionModal } from "./AddConnectionModal";
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ export function AvailableDetail({
   cloud: CloudStatus | null;
   onChanged: () => void;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [connecting, setConnecting] = useState(false);
   const [showTools, setShowTools] = useState(false);
   const tools = c.tools || [];
@@ -36,7 +38,7 @@ export function AvailableDetail({
           data-testid="available-connect"
           onClick={() => setConnecting(true)}
         >
-          Connect
+          {t("access.connect")}
         </button>
       </div>
 
@@ -44,7 +46,7 @@ export function AvailableDetail({
 
       {(c.access?.length ?? 0) > 0 && (
         <>
-          <div className={GRP_H}>Access</div>
+          <div className={GRP_H}>{t("access.title")}</div>
           <div className={GRP} data-testid="available-access">
             {c.access!.map((line) => (
               <div key={line} className={ROW + " !min-h-[36px] !py-2 text-[13px]"}>
@@ -53,14 +55,14 @@ export function AvailableDetail({
             ))}
           </div>
           <div className={FOOT}>
-            Keys and tokens are stored only on this computer. Disconnect anytime.
+            {t("conn.keysStoredOnly")}
           </div>
         </>
       )}
 
       {tools.length > 0 && (
         <>
-          <div className={GRP_H}>Tools</div>
+          <div className={GRP_H}>{t("conn.tools")}</div>
           <div className={GRP}>
             <button
               className={ROW + " w-full text-left hover:bg-paper/60 text-[13px]"}
@@ -68,18 +70,18 @@ export function AvailableDetail({
               onClick={() => setShowTools((v) => !v)}
             >
               <span className="min-w-0 flex-1 text-muted">
-                {tools.length} tool{tools.length === 1 ? "" : "s"} this connector adds
+                {t(tools.length === 1 ? "conn.toolsCount_one" : "conn.toolsCount_other", { count: tools.length })}
               </span>
-              <span className="text-faint text-[13px] shrink-0">{showTools ? "Hide" : "View"}</span>
+              <span className="text-faint text-[13px] shrink-0">{showTools ? t("common.hide") : t("common.view")}</span>
             </button>
             {showTools &&
-              tools.map((t) => (
-                <div key={t.name} className={ROW + " !min-h-[38px]"}>
+              tools.map((tool) => (
+                <div key={tool.name} className={ROW + " !min-h-[38px]"}>
                   <span className="min-w-0 flex-1">
-                    <span className="text-[13px]">{t.label}</span>
-                    <span className="block text-[12px] text-muted">{t.description}</span>
+                    <span className="text-[13px]">{tool.label}</span>
+                    <span className="block text-[12px] text-muted">{tool.description}</span>
                   </span>
-                  {t.kind !== "read" && <span className={TAG_QUIET}>asks first</span>}
+                  {tool.kind !== "read" && <span className={TAG_QUIET}>{t("conn.asksFirst")}</span>}
                 </div>
               ))}
           </div>
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/CalendarDetail.tsx b/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/CalendarDetail.tsx
index 5109a0c4..782b32c5 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/CalendarDetail.tsx
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/CalendarDetail.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import {
   connectManaged,
   disconnectGcalAccount,
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@ import { FOOT, GRP, GRP_H, PILL_ACCENT, ROW, TAG_ACCENT, TAG_WARN, XBTN } from "
 // Adding an account launches managed OAuth DIRECTLY (one connect mode, no modal).
 
 export function CalendarDetail({ c, cloud, slack: _slack, onChanged }: DetailProps) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [busy, setBusy] = useState(false);
   const accounts = (c.accounts ?? []) as GmailAccount[]; // email-keyed (pre-generic-layer shape)
 
@@ -37,11 +39,11 @@ export function CalendarDetail({ c, cloud, slack: _slack, onChanged }: DetailPro
               <>
                 <span className="w-2 h-2 rounded-full bg-ok" />
                 <span data-testid="gcal-status">
-                  {accounts.length} account{accounts.length === 1 ? "" : "s"}
+                  {t(accounts.length === 1 ? "conn.accountsCount_one" : "conn.accountsCount_other", { count: accounts.length })}
                 </span>
               </>
             ) : (
-              <span>Not connected</span>
+              <span>{t("conn.notConnected")}</span>
             )}
           </div>
         </div>
@@ -52,28 +54,28 @@ export function CalendarDetail({ c, cloud, slack: _slack, onChanged }: DetailPro
           disabled={busy || !cloud?.signed_in || c.managed_paused}
           title={
             c.managed_paused
-              ? "One-click Google sign-in is coming soon"
+              ? t("conn.gcalOneClickSoon")
               : cloud?.signed_in
                 ? ""
-                : "Sign in to OpenWorker Cloud first"
+                : t("conn.signInCloudFirst")
           }
         >
-          {c.managed_paused ? "＋ Add account · Coming soon" : busy ? "Check your browser…" : "＋ Add account"}
+          {c.managed_paused ? t("conn.addAccountComingSoon") : busy ? t("cloud.checkBrowser") : t("conn.addAccount")}
         </button>
       </div>
 
       {!c.connected && (
         <div className={GRP}>
           <div className={ROW + " text-[12.5px] text-muted"}>
-            Sign in with Google — each account stays separate, agents say which one they use.
-            {cloud?.signed_in ? "" : " Requires cloud sign-in."}
+            {t("conn.signInWithGoogle")}
+            {cloud?.signed_in ? "" : t("conn.requiresCloudSignIn")}
           </div>
         </div>
       )}
 
       {accounts.length > 0 && (
         <>
-          <div className={GRP_H + " !mt-0"}>Accounts</div>
+          <div className={GRP_H + " !mt-0"}>{t("conn.accounts")}</div>
           <div className={GRP} data-testid="gcal-accounts">
             {accounts.map((a) => (
               <AccountRow key={a.email} a={a} onChanged={onChanged} />
@@ -84,21 +86,21 @@ export function CalendarDetail({ c, cloud, slack: _slack, onChanged }: DetailPro
 
       <ToolsDisclosure c={c} onChanged={onChanged} />
       <div className={FOOT + " mt-2"}>
-        Creating, changing, or deleting events always asks for your approval first, and the
-        approval names the account.
+        {t("conn.calendarFooter")}
       </div>
     </div>
   );
 }
 
 function AccountRow({ a, onChanged }: { a: GmailAccount; onChanged: () => void }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [busy, setBusy] = useState(false);
   return (
     <div className={ROW} data-testid={`gcal-account-${a.email}`}>
       <span className="min-w-0 flex-1 flex items-center gap-2">
         <span className="text-[13px] font-medium truncate">{a.email}</span>
-        {a.default && <span className={TAG_ACCENT}>Default</span>}
-        {a.needs_reauth && <span className={TAG_WARN}>⚠ Sign in again</span>}
+        {a.default && <span className={TAG_ACCENT}>{t("common.default")}</span>}
+        {a.needs_reauth && <span className={TAG_WARN}>{t("conn.signInAgain")}</span>}
       </span>
       {!a.default && (
         <button
@@ -109,12 +111,12 @@ function AccountRow({ a, onChanged }: { a: GmailAccount; onChanged: () => void }
             onChanged();
           }}
         >
-          Make default
+          {t("conn.makeDefault")}
         </button>
       )}
       <button
         className={XBTN}
-        title="Disconnect this account"
+        title={t("conn.disconnectAccountTitle")}
         data-testid={`gcal-disconnect-${a.email}`}
         disabled={busy}
         onClick={async () => {
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/CloudSignIn.tsx b/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/CloudSignIn.tsx
index f8349a91..6f7fc5d6 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/CloudSignIn.tsx
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/CloudSignIn.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useEffect, useRef, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import { announceCloudChanged, cloudLogin, waitForCloudSignIn } from "../../api";
 
 // The signed-out state of every one-click pane: a REAL sign-in button, not a
@@ -8,6 +9,7 @@ import { announceCloudChanged, cloudLogin, waitForCloudSignIn } from "../../api"
 // relying on "some other section's 5s poll" left the rail stuck on the prompt
 // (FB-013).
 export function CloudSignInInline({ blurb }: { blurb?: string }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [waiting, setWaiting] = useState(false);
   const cancelRef = useRef<(() => void) | null>(null);
   useEffect(() => () => cancelRef.current?.(), []);
@@ -26,10 +28,10 @@ export function CloudSignInInline({ blurb }: { blurb?: string }) {
           });
         }}
       >
-        {waiting ? "Check your browser…" : "Sign in to OpenWorker Cloud"}
+        {waiting ? t("cloud.checkBrowser") : t("cloud.signInCloud")}
       </button>
       <div className="text-[11.5px] text-faint">
-        {blurb || "Sign-in unlocks one-click connects — or switch to Manual, which works without it."}
+        {blurb || t("conn.signInUnlocksFull")}
       </div>
     </div>
   );
@@ -39,12 +41,13 @@ export function CloudSignInInline({ blurb }: { blurb?: string }) {
 // Rendering the sign-in prompt here told signed-in users they weren't (FB-013) —
 // pending must look like pending.
 export function CloudStatusPending() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   return (
     <div
       className="text-[12px] text-faint py-2 text-center"
       data-testid="cloud-status-pending"
     >
-      Checking OpenWorker Cloud sign-in…
+      {t("cloud.checkingSignIn")}
     </div>
   );
 }
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/ConnectorsList.tsx b/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/ConnectorsList.tsx
index 3d2b5d31..02effb19 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/ConnectorsList.tsx
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/ConnectorsList.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 import { useState } from "react";
+import type { TFunction } from "i18next";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import { type CloudStatus, type Connector, type SlackStatus } from "../../api";
 import { ConnectorBadge } from "../../connectors/ConnectorIcon";
 import { AddConnectionModal } from "./AddConnectionModal";
@@ -23,6 +25,7 @@ export function ConnectorsList({
   onOpen: (name: string) => void;
   onChanged: () => void;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [filter, setFilter] = useState("");
   const [showAll, setShowAll] = useState(false);
   const [connecting, setConnecting] = useState<string | null>(null);
@@ -38,7 +41,7 @@ export function ConnectorsList({
     <div>
       <div className="flex items-center justify-end mb-4">
         <input
-          placeholder="Search"
+          placeholder={t("common.search")}
           value={filter}
           onChange={(e) => setFilter(e.target.value)}
           className="w-44 px-3.5 py-1.5 rounded-full border border-line bg-panel text-[13px] outline-none focus:border-accent"
@@ -49,7 +52,7 @@ export function ConnectorsList({
           sign-in home, and the connect modals keep their inline sign-in panes. */}
       {connected.length > 0 && (
         <>
-          <div className={GRP_H + " !mt-0"}>Connected · {connected.length}</div>
+          <div className={GRP_H + " !mt-0"}>{t("conn.connectedCount", { count: connected.length })}</div>
           <div className={GRP}>
             {connected.map((c) => (
               <button
@@ -61,9 +64,9 @@ export function ConnectorsList({
                 <ConnectorBadge connector={c} size={34} title={c.title} />
                 <span className="min-w-0 flex-1">
                   <span className="font-medium text-[13.5px]">{c.title}</span>
-                  <span className="block text-[12px] text-muted">{statusLine(c)}</span>
+                  <span className="block text-[12px] text-muted">{statusLine(c, t)}</span>
                 </span>
-                {healthChip(c, slack)}
+                {healthChip(c, slack, t)}
                 <span className="text-faint text-[15px] shrink-0">›</span>
               </button>
             ))}
@@ -71,7 +74,7 @@ export function ConnectorsList({
         </>
       )}
 
-      <div className={GRP_H}>Available</div>
+      <div className={GRP_H}>{t("conn.available")}</div>
       <div className={GRP}>
         {shown.map((c) => (
           /* The row navigates to the pre-connect detail page (§38); the pill
@@ -95,19 +98,19 @@ export function ConnectorsList({
                 setConnecting(c.name);
               }}
             >
-              Connect
+              {t("access.connect")}
             </span>
           </button>
         ))}
         {shown.length === 0 && (
-          <div className={ROW + " text-[12.5px] text-muted"}>Nothing matches.</div>
+          <div className={ROW + " text-[12.5px] text-muted"}>{t("conn.nothingMatches")}</div>
         )}
       </div>
       {!showAll && !q && available.length > AVAILABLE_FOLD && (
         <div className={FOOT}>
-          {available.length - AVAILABLE_FOLD} more ·{" "}
+          {t("conn.moreCount", { count: available.length - AVAILABLE_FOLD })}{" "}
           <button className="text-muted hover:text-ink" onClick={() => setShowAll(true)}>
-            show all
+            {t("conn.showAll")}
           </button>
         </div>
       )}
@@ -124,31 +127,31 @@ export function ConnectorsList({
   );
 }
 
-function statusLine(c: Connector): string {
+function statusLine(c: Connector, t: TFunction): string {
   if (c.name === "slack" && c.mode === "relay") {
     const n = c.workspaces?.length ?? 0;
-    return `${n} workspace${n === 1 ? "" : "s"} · relay`;
+    return t(n === 1 ? "conn.workspacesRelay_one" : "conn.workspacesRelay_other", { count: n });
   }
-  if ((c.accounts?.length ?? 0) > 1) return `${c.accounts!.length} accounts`;
-  if ((c.portals?.length ?? 0) > 1) return `${c.portals!.length} portals`;
-  if (c.auth === "none") return "Built in";
-  return c.account || "Connected";
+  if ((c.accounts?.length ?? 0) > 1) return t("conn.accountsCount_other", { count: c.accounts!.length });
+  if ((c.portals?.length ?? 0) > 1) return t("conn.portalsCount_other", { count: c.portals!.length });
+  if (c.auth === "none") return t("conn.builtIn");
+  return c.account || t("status.connected");
 }
 
-function healthChip(c: Connector, slack: SlackStatus | null) {
+function healthChip(c: Connector, slack: SlackStatus | null, t: TFunction) {
   // Slack relay gets a LIVE chip from /v1/connectors/slack/status — problems
   // surface in the list, never one click deep. Named honestly per layer; we
   // never claim "Slack↔cloud down" (the desktop can't see that leg).
   if (c.name === "slack" && c.mode === "relay" && slack) {
-    if (!slack.signed_in) return <span className={CHIP_WARN}>● Sign-in needed</span>;
-    if (slack.relay.state === "offline") return <span className={CHIP_OFF}>● Offline</span>;
+    if (!slack.signed_in) return <span className={CHIP_WARN}>{t("conn.signInNeeded")}</span>;
+    if (slack.relay.state === "offline") return <span className={CHIP_OFF}>{t("conn.offline")}</span>;
     if (slack.relay.state === "reconnecting")
-      return <span className={CHIP_WARN}>● Reconnecting</span>;
-    if (Object.values(slack.teams).some((t) => !t.token_ok))
-      return <span className={CHIP_WARN}>⚠ Token</span>;
-    return <span className={CHIP_OK}>● Live</span>;
+      return <span className={CHIP_WARN}>{t("conn.reconnecting")}</span>;
+    if (Object.values(slack.teams).some((team) => !team.token_ok))
+      return <span className={CHIP_WARN}>{t("conn.token")}</span>;
+    return <span className={CHIP_OK}>{t("conn.live")}</span>;
   }
-  if (c.two_way && c.connected) return <span className={CHIP_OK}>● Live</span>;
-  return <span className={CHIP_OK}>● Ready</span>;
+  if (c.two_way && c.connected) return <span className={CHIP_OK}>{t("conn.live")}</span>;
+  return <span className={CHIP_OK}>{t("conn.ready")}</span>;
 }
 
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/ConnectorsSection.tsx b/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/ConnectorsSection.tsx
index 4900b64c..1f5156de 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/ConnectorsSection.tsx
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/ConnectorsSection.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import {
   disconnectConnector,
   getCloudStatus,
@@ -50,6 +51,7 @@ const DETAIL_PAGES: Record<string, (p: DetailProps) => JSX.Element> = {
 };
 
 export function ConnectorsSection() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [detail, setDetail] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const [connectors, setConnectors] = useState<Connector[]>([]);
   const [cloud, setCloud] = useState<CloudStatus | null>(null);
@@ -78,10 +80,10 @@ export function ConnectorsSection() {
           data-testid="connectors-breadcrumb"
           onClick={() => setDetail(null)}
         >
-          ‹ Connectors
+          {t("conn.backToConnectors")}
         </button>
         {!c ? (
-          <div className="text-[13px] text-muted">Loading…</div>
+          <div className="text-[13px] text-muted">{t("common.loading")}</div>
         ) : !c.connected ? (
           /* Pre-connect page (§38). When a connect completes, the poll flips
              c.connected and this same route re-renders as the connected page. */
@@ -122,6 +124,7 @@ function GenericDetail({
   onChanged,
   onGone,
 }: DetailProps & { onGone: () => void }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   return (
     <div>
       <div className="flex items-center gap-3.5 mb-5">
@@ -130,7 +133,7 @@ function GenericDetail({
           <h2 className="text-[20px] font-semibold tracking-tight leading-tight">{c.title}</h2>
           <div className="text-[12.5px] text-muted flex items-center gap-1.5">
             <span className="w-2 h-2 rounded-full bg-ok" />
-            {c.account || (c.auth === "none" ? "Built in" : "Connected")}
+            {c.account || (c.auth === "none" ? t("conn.builtIn") : t("status.connected"))}
           </div>
         </div>
         {c.auth !== "none" && (
@@ -142,7 +145,7 @@ function GenericDetail({
               onGone();
             }}
           >
-            Disconnect
+            {t("conn.disconnect")}
           </button>
         )}
       </div>
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/GithubDetail.tsx b/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/GithubDetail.tsx
index bfeb6ed8..1f14e6f1 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/GithubDetail.tsx
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/GithubDetail.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
+import type { TFunction } from "i18next";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import {
   disallowUser,
   disconnectGithubInstallation,
@@ -28,18 +30,19 @@ import { FOOT, GRP, GRP_H, PILL_ACCENT, PILL_LINE, ROW, TAG_WARN, XBTN } from ".
 const LABEL = "text-[12.5px] text-muted w-24 shrink-0";
 
 /** The relay status line, one honest layer at a time (the Slack rule). */
-function relayHealth(gh: GithubStatus | null): { dot: string; text: string } {
-  if (!gh) return { dot: "bg-ok", text: "Live · managed relay" };
+function relayHealth(gh: GithubStatus | null, t: TFunction): { dot: string; text: string } {
+  if (!gh) return { dot: "bg-ok", text: t("conn.liveManagedRelay") };
   if (!gh.signed_in)
-    return { dot: "bg-warnInk", text: "Sign-in needed — relaying is paused" };
+    return { dot: "bg-warnInk", text: t("conn.relaySignInNeeded") };
   if (gh.relay.state === "offline")
-    return { dot: "bg-faint/60", text: "Offline — can't reach the relay" };
+    return { dot: "bg-faint/60", text: t("conn.relayOffline") };
   if (gh.relay.state === "reconnecting")
-    return { dot: "bg-warnInk", text: "Reconnecting to the relay…" };
-  return { dot: "bg-ok", text: "Live · managed relay" };
+    return { dot: "bg-warnInk", text: t("conn.relayReconnecting") };
+  return { dot: "bg-ok", text: t("conn.liveManagedRelay") };
 }
 
 export function GithubDetail({ c, cloud, onChanged }: DetailProps) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [adding, setAdding] = useState(false);
   const [subs, setSubs] = useState<Subscription[]>([]);
   const [status, setStatus] = useState<GithubStatus | null>(null);
@@ -70,17 +73,17 @@ export function GithubDetail({ c, cloud, onChanged }: DetailProps) {
               <>
                 <span
                   className={
-                    "w-2 h-2 rounded-full " + (relay ? relayHealth(status).dot : "bg-ok")
+                    "w-2 h-2 rounded-full " + (relay ? relayHealth(status, t).dot : "bg-ok")
                   }
                 />
                 <span data-testid="github-mode-badge">
                   {relay
-                    ? relayHealth(status).text
-                    : "Connected · personal access token"}
+                    ? relayHealth(status, t).text
+                    : t("conn.connectedPat")}
                 </span>
               </>
             ) : (
-              <span>Not connected</span>
+              <span>{t("conn.notConnected")}</span>
             )}
           </div>
         </div>
@@ -90,7 +93,7 @@ export function GithubDetail({ c, cloud, onChanged }: DetailProps) {
             data-testid="add-installation-btn"
             onClick={() => setAdding(true)}
           >
-            ＋ Add installation
+            {t("conn.addInstallation")}
           </button>
         )}
       </div>
@@ -98,9 +101,8 @@ export function GithubDetail({ c, cloud, onChanged }: DetailProps) {
       {!c.connected && (
         <div className={GRP}>
           <div className={ROW + " text-[12.5px] text-muted"}>
-            One @ocw-agent App, installed per account or org — you pick the repos on
-            GitHub; each installation keeps its own allow-list.
-            {cloud?.signed_in ? "" : " One-click needs cloud sign-in; a PAT works without it."}
+            {t("conn.githubIntro")}
+            {cloud?.signed_in ? "" : t("conn.githubCloudNeed")}
           </div>
         </div>
       )}
@@ -120,15 +122,14 @@ export function GithubDetail({ c, cloud, onChanged }: DetailProps) {
       {c.connected && !relay && (
         <div className={GRP} data-testid="github-manual-card">
           <div className={ROW + " text-[12.5px] text-muted"}>
-            Personal access token · tools only. Install the GitHub App to let
-            @-mentions and the agent label reach this computer.
+            {t("conn.githubPatCard")}
           </div>
         </div>
       )}
 
       {relay && listening.length > 0 && (
         <>
-          <div className={GRP_H}>Listening</div>
+          <div className={GRP_H}>{t("conn.listening")}</div>
           <div className={GRP}>
             <ListeningRows subs={listening} onChanged={changed} />
           </div>
@@ -138,8 +139,7 @@ export function GithubDetail({ c, cloud, onChanged }: DetailProps) {
       <ToolsDisclosure c={c} onChanged={onChanged} />
       {c.connected && relay && (
         <div className={FOOT + " mt-2"}>
-          Triggers: @ocw-agent mentions and the “ocw-agent” label. The agent replies as
-          ocw-agent[bot].
+          {t("conn.githubTriggers")}
         </div>
       )}
 
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ export function GithubDetail({ c, cloud, onChanged }: DetailProps) {
         <AddConnectionModal
           c={c}
           cloud={cloud}
-          title="Add an installation"
+          title={t("conn.addInstallationTitle")}
           onClose={() => setAdding(false)}
           onChanged={changed}
         />
@@ -171,6 +171,8 @@ function InstallationGroup({
   const parked = (c.unauthorized ?? []).filter((m) => m.team_id === inst.installation_id);
   const empty = inst.allowed_users.length === 0 && parked.length === 0;
 
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+
   const disconnect = async () => {
     setBusy(true);
     await disconnectGithubInstallation(inst.installation_id);
@@ -183,13 +185,16 @@ function InstallationGroup({
       <div className={GRP_H + " flex items-center gap-2"}>
         <span>
           {inst.account_login}{" "}
-          <span className="font-normal text-faint" title={`installation ${inst.installation_id}`}>
-            · {inst.repo_selection === "all" ? "all repos" : "selected repos"}
+          <span
+            className="font-normal text-faint"
+            title={t("conn.installationId", { id: inst.installation_id })}
+          >
+            · {inst.repo_selection === "all" ? t("conn.allRepos") : t("conn.selectedRepos")}
           </span>
         </span>
         {!tokenOk && (
           <span className={TAG_WARN} data-testid={`token-warn-${inst.installation_id}`}>
-            ⚠ Installation revoked — reinstall
+            {t("conn.installationRevoked")}
           </span>
         )}
       </div>
@@ -197,7 +202,7 @@ function InstallationGroup({
         {empty ? (
           <div className={ROW}>
             <span className="min-w-0 flex-1 text-[12.5px] text-muted">
-              No one allowed yet — @ocw-agent mentions show up here for your OK.
+              {t("conn.githubNobodyAllowed")}
             </span>
             <DisconnectBtn id={inst.installation_id} busy={busy} onClick={disconnect} />
           </div>
@@ -223,15 +228,16 @@ function InstallationGroup({
 }
 
 function DisconnectBtn({ id, busy, onClick }: { id: string; busy: boolean; onClick: () => void }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   return (
     <button
       className="text-[12.5px] text-danger/80 hover:text-danger shrink-0"
       data-testid={`disconnect-install-${id}`}
-      title="Stops relaying this installation to this computer. The App stays installed on GitHub."
+      title={t("conn.disconnectInstallationTitle")}
       onClick={onClick}
       disabled={busy}
     >
-      {busy ? "Disconnecting…" : "Disconnect installation"}
+      {busy ? t("conn.disconnecting") : t("conn.disconnectInstallation")}
     </button>
   );
 }
@@ -245,12 +251,13 @@ function PeopleRow({
   installationId: string;
   onChanged: () => void;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   return (
     <div className={ROW}>
-      <span className={LABEL}>People</span>
+      <span className={LABEL}>{t("conn.people")}</span>
       <span className="min-w-0 flex-1 flex flex-wrap items-center gap-1.5">
         {allowed.length === 0 && (
-          <span className="text-[12px] text-faint">nobody yet — approve a waiting sender below</span>
+          <span className="text-[12px] text-faint">{t("conn.nobodyYetGithub")}</span>
         )}
         {allowed.map((login) => (
           <span
@@ -261,7 +268,7 @@ function PeopleRow({
             @{login}
             <button
               className={XBTN}
-              title="remove"
+              title={t("manageTabs.removeTitle")}
               onClick={() => disallowUser("github", login, installationId).then(onChanged)}
             >
               ×
@@ -274,35 +281,43 @@ function PeopleRow({
 }
 
 function WaitingRow({ m, onChanged }: { m: ParkedMessage; onChanged: () => void }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const act = async (action: "dismiss" | "allow" | "allow_deliver") => {
     await resolveUnauthorized("github", m.id, action);
     onChanged();
   };
   return (
     <div className={ROW + " bg-warnSoft/25"} data-testid={`waiting-${m.id}`}>
-      <span className={LABEL}>Waiting</span>
+      <span className={LABEL}>{t("conn.waiting")}</span>
       <span className="min-w-0 flex-1">
         <span className="font-medium text-[13px]">@{m.user_name || m.user_id}</span>{" "}
-        <span className="text-[12.5px] text-muted">in {m.chat_name || m.chat_id}</span>
+        <span className="text-[12.5px] text-muted">
+          {t("conn.inChat", { name: m.chat_name || m.chat_id })}
+        </span>
         <span className="block text-[12.5px] text-muted truncate">“{m.text}”</span>
       </span>
       <button
         className={PILL_ACCENT + " !py-1"}
         data-testid={`parked-allow-deliver-${m.id}`}
-        title="Allow the sender and deliver this mention now"
+        title={t("conn.allowDeliverMentionTitle")}
         onClick={() => act("allow_deliver")}
       >
-        Allow & deliver
+        {t("manageTabs.allowAndDeliver")}
       </button>
       <button
         className={PILL_LINE + " !py-1"}
         data-testid={`parked-allow-${m.id}`}
-        title="Allow the sender; this mention is discarded"
+        title={t("conn.allowMentionTitle")}
         onClick={() => act("allow")}
       >
-        Allow
+        {t("approval.allow")}
       </button>
-      <button className={XBTN + " px-1"} data-testid={`parked-dismiss-${m.id}`} title="Dismiss" onClick={() => act("dismiss")}>
+      <button
+        className={XBTN + " px-1"}
+        data-testid={`parked-dismiss-${m.id}`}
+        title={t("common.dismiss")}
+        onClick={() => act("dismiss")}
+      >
         ×
       </button>
     </div>
@@ -310,9 +325,10 @@ function WaitingRow({ m, onChanged }: { m: ParkedMessage; onChanged: () => void
 }
 
 function ListeningRows({ subs, onChanged }: { subs: Subscription[]; onChanged: () => void }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   return (
     <div className={ROW} data-testid="listening-github">
-      <span className={LABEL}>Listening</span>
+      <span className={LABEL}>{t("conn.listening")}</span>
       <span className="min-w-0 flex-1 space-y-1">
         {subs.map((s) => (
           <span key={s.session_id + s.channel} className="flex items-center gap-2 text-[12.5px]">
@@ -325,7 +341,7 @@ function ListeningRows({ subs, onChanged }: { subs: Subscription[]; onChanged: (
             </span>
             <button
               className={XBTN + " ml-auto"}
-              title="Unsubscribe this session"
+              title={t("manageTabs.unsubscribeSession")}
               onClick={async () => {
                 await unsubscribeChannel(s.session_id, s.channel);
                 onChanged();
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/GmailDetail.tsx b/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/GmailDetail.tsx
index 3fd95752..d3e72fb7 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/GmailDetail.tsx
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/GmailDetail.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import {
   connectManaged,
   disconnectGmailAccount,
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ import { FOOT, GRP, GRP_H, PILL_ACCENT, ROW, TAG_ACCENT, TAG_WARN, XBTN } from "
 const LABEL = "text-[12.5px] text-muted w-24 shrink-0";
 
 export function GmailDetail({ c, cloud, slack: _slack, onChanged }: DetailProps) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [busy, setBusy] = useState(false);
   const accounts = (c.accounts ?? []) as GmailAccount[]; // email-keyed (pre-generic-layer shape)
 
@@ -39,11 +41,11 @@ export function GmailDetail({ c, cloud, slack: _slack, onChanged }: DetailProps)
               <>
                 <span className="w-2 h-2 rounded-full bg-ok" />
                 <span data-testid="gmail-status">
-                  {accounts.length} account{accounts.length === 1 ? "" : "s"}
+                  {t(accounts.length === 1 ? "conn.accountsCount_one" : "conn.accountsCount_other", { count: accounts.length })}
                 </span>
               </>
             ) : (
-              <span>Not connected</span>
+              <span>{t("conn.notConnected")}</span>
             )}
           </div>
         </div>
@@ -54,28 +56,28 @@ export function GmailDetail({ c, cloud, slack: _slack, onChanged }: DetailProps)
           disabled={busy || !cloud?.signed_in || c.managed_paused}
           title={
             c.managed_paused
-              ? "One-click Google sign-in is coming soon"
+              ? t("conn.gcalOneClickSoon")
               : cloud?.signed_in
                 ? ""
-                : "Sign in to OpenWorker Cloud first"
+                : t("conn.signInCloudFirst")
           }
         >
-          {c.managed_paused ? "＋ Add account · Coming soon" : busy ? "Check your browser…" : "＋ Add account"}
+          {c.managed_paused ? t("conn.addAccountComingSoon") : busy ? t("cloud.checkBrowser") : t("conn.addAccount")}
         </button>
       </div>
 
       {!c.connected && (
         <div className={GRP}>
           <div className={ROW + " text-[12.5px] text-muted"}>
-            Sign in with Google — each mailbox stays separate, agents say which one they use.
-            {cloud?.signed_in ? "" : " Requires cloud sign-in."}
+            {t("conn.gmailSignInWithGoogle")}
+            {cloud?.signed_in ? "" : t("conn.requiresCloudSignIn")}
           </div>
         </div>
       )}
 
       {accounts.length > 0 && (
         <>
-          <div className={GRP_H + " !mt-0"}>Accounts</div>
+          <div className={GRP_H + " !mt-0"}>{t("conn.accounts")}</div>
           <div className={GRP} data-testid="gmail-accounts">
             {accounts.map((a) => (
               <AccountRow key={a.email} a={a} onChanged={onChanged} />
@@ -88,21 +90,21 @@ export function GmailDetail({ c, cloud, slack: _slack, onChanged }: DetailProps)
 
       <ToolsDisclosure c={c} onChanged={onChanged} />
       <div className={FOOT + " mt-2"}>
-        Filters are enforced on this computer, before an agent sees results. Hidden counts show
-        on the tool card and in Activity — never the content.
+        {t("conn.gmailFiltersEnforced")}
       </div>
     </div>
   );
 }
 
 function AccountRow({ a, onChanged }: { a: GmailAccount; onChanged: () => void }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [busy, setBusy] = useState(false);
   return (
     <div className={ROW} data-testid={`gmail-account-${a.email}`}>
       <span className="min-w-0 flex-1 flex items-center gap-2">
         <span className="text-[13px] font-medium truncate">{a.email}</span>
-        {a.default && <span className={TAG_ACCENT}>Default</span>}
-        {a.needs_reauth && <span className={TAG_WARN}>⚠ Sign in again</span>}
+        {a.default && <span className={TAG_ACCENT}>{t("common.default")}</span>}
+        {a.needs_reauth && <span className={TAG_WARN}>{t("conn.signInAgain")}</span>}
       </span>
       {!a.default && (
         <button
@@ -113,12 +115,12 @@ function AccountRow({ a, onChanged }: { a: GmailAccount; onChanged: () => void }
             onChanged();
           }}
         >
-          Make default
+          {t("conn.makeDefault")}
         </button>
       )}
       <button
         className={XBTN}
-        title="Disconnect this mailbox"
+        title={t("conn.disconnectMailbox")}
         data-testid={`gmail-disconnect-${a.email}`}
         disabled={busy}
         onClick={async () => {
@@ -135,15 +137,16 @@ function AccountRow({ a, onChanged }: { a: GmailAccount; onChanged: () => void }
 }
 
 function FiltersGroup({ c, onChanged }: Pick<DetailProps, "c" | "onChanged">) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const filters = c.filters ?? { senders: [], labels: [] };
   return (
     <>
-      <div className={GRP_H}>Never show agents</div>
+      <div className={GRP_H}>{t("conn.neverShowAgents")}</div>
       <div className={GRP} data-testid="gmail-filters">
         <ChipListRow
-          label="Senders"
+          label={t("conn.senders")}
           testid="gmail-filter-senders"
-          placeholder="name@example.com or @domain.com"
+          placeholder={t("conn.sendersPlaceholder")}
           values={filters.senders}
           onSave={async (senders) => {
             await setGmailFilters({ senders });
@@ -151,9 +154,9 @@ function FiltersGroup({ c, onChanged }: Pick<DetailProps, "c" | "onChanged">) {
           }}
         />
         <ChipListRow
-          label="Labels"
+          label={t("conn.labels")}
           testid="gmail-filter-labels"
-          placeholder="Label name, e.g. Personal"
+          placeholder={t("conn.labelsPlaceholder")}
           values={filters.labels}
           onSave={async (labels) => {
             await setGmailFilters({ labels });
@@ -162,7 +165,7 @@ function FiltersGroup({ c, onChanged }: Pick<DetailProps, "c" | "onChanged">) {
         />
       </div>
       <div className={FOOT}>
-        Matching email is silently left out of what agents read — no trace they could probe.
+        {t("conn.gmailFiltersSilently")}
       </div>
     </>
   );
@@ -181,6 +184,7 @@ function ChipListRow({
   values: string[];
   onSave: (next: string[]) => Promise<void>;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [draft, setDraft] = useState("");
   const add = async () => {
     const v = draft.trim();
@@ -200,7 +204,7 @@ function ChipListRow({
             {v}
             <button
               className={XBTN}
-              title="remove"
+              title={t("manageTabs.removeTitle")}
               onClick={() => onSave(values.filter((x) => x !== v))}
             >
               ×
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/HubSpotDetail.tsx b/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/HubSpotDetail.tsx
index 600d6b22..5fe0b1f8 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/HubSpotDetail.tsx
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/HubSpotDetail.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import {
   disconnectHubSpotPortal,
   setHubSpotDefaultPortal,
@@ -20,6 +21,7 @@ import { FOOT, GRP, GRP_H, PILL_ACCENT, ROW, TAG_ACCENT, TAG_QUIET, TAG_WARN, XB
 const LABEL = "text-[12.5px] text-muted w-24 shrink-0";
 
 export function HubSpotDetail({ c, cloud, slack: _slack, onChanged }: DetailProps) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [adding, setAdding] = useState(false);
   const portals = c.portals ?? [];
 
@@ -34,31 +36,30 @@ export function HubSpotDetail({ c, cloud, slack: _slack, onChanged }: DetailProp
               <>
                 <span className="w-2 h-2 rounded-full bg-ok" />
                 <span data-testid="hubspot-status">
-                  {portals.length} portal{portals.length === 1 ? "" : "s"}
+                  {t(portals.length === 1 ? "conn.portalsCount_one" : "conn.portalsCount_other", { count: portals.length })}
                 </span>
               </>
             ) : (
-              <span>Not connected</span>
+              <span>{t("conn.notConnected")}</span>
             )}
           </div>
         </div>
         <button className={PILL_ACCENT} data-testid="add-portal-btn" onClick={() => setAdding(true)}>
-          ＋ Add portal
+          {t("conn.addPortal")}
         </button>
       </div>
 
       {!c.connected && (
         <div className={GRP}>
           <div className={ROW + " text-[12.5px] text-muted"}>
-            Connect a portal — read-only or read &amp; write is chosen at consent; there are no
-            delete tools either way.
+            {t("conn.hubspotIntro")}
           </div>
         </div>
       )}
 
       {portals.length > 0 && (
         <>
-          <div className={GRP_H + " !mt-0"}>Portals</div>
+          <div className={GRP_H + " !mt-0"}>{t("conn.portals")}</div>
           <div className={GRP} data-testid="hubspot-portals">
             {portals.map((p) => (
               <PortalRow key={p.hub_id} p={p} onChanged={onChanged} />
@@ -71,15 +72,14 @@ export function HubSpotDetail({ c, cloud, slack: _slack, onChanged }: DetailProp
 
       <ToolsDisclosure c={c} onChanged={onChanged} />
       <div className={FOOT + " mt-2"}>
-        Hidden fields never reach an agent; stripped counts land in Activity. To limit what a
-        HUMAN teammate could ask for, use HubSpot permission sets on the connected user.
+        {t("conn.hubspotFooter")}
       </div>
 
       {adding && (
         <AddConnectionModal
           c={c}
           cloud={cloud}
-          title="Add a portal"
+          title={t("conn.addPortalTitle")}
           onClose={() => setAdding(false)}
           onChanged={onChanged}
         />
@@ -89,21 +89,22 @@ export function HubSpotDetail({ c, cloud, slack: _slack, onChanged }: DetailProp
 }
 
 function PortalRow({ p, onChanged }: { p: HubSpotPortal; onChanged: () => void }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [busy, setBusy] = useState(false);
   return (
     <div className={ROW} data-testid={`hubspot-portal-${p.hub_id}`}>
       <span className="min-w-0 flex-1 flex items-center gap-2">
-        <span className="text-[13px] font-medium truncate" title={`hub ${p.hub_id}`}>
+        <span className="text-[13px] font-medium truncate" title={t("conn.hubId", { id: p.hub_id })}>
           {p.name}
         </span>
-        {p.default && <span className={TAG_ACCENT}>Default</span>}
-        {p.sandbox && <span className={TAG_WARN}>Sandbox</span>}
+        {p.default && <span className={TAG_ACCENT}>{t("common.default")}</span>}
+        {p.sandbox && <span className={TAG_WARN}>{t("conn.sandbox")}</span>}
         {p.access && (
           <span className={TAG_QUIET} data-testid={`hubspot-access-tag-${p.hub_id}`}>
-            {p.access === "write" ? "read & write" : "read-only"}
+            {p.access === "write" ? t("conn.readAndWrite") : t("approval.readOnly")}
           </span>
         )}
-        {!p.managed && <span className={TAG_QUIET}>private app</span>}
+        {!p.managed && <span className={TAG_QUIET}>{t("conn.privateApp")}</span>}
       </span>
       {!p.default && (
         <button
@@ -114,12 +115,12 @@ function PortalRow({ p, onChanged }: { p: HubSpotPortal; onChanged: () => void }
             onChanged();
           }}
         >
-          Make default
+          {t("conn.makeDefault")}
         </button>
       )}
       <button
         className={XBTN}
-        title="Disconnect this portal"
+        title={t("conn.disconnectPortal")}
         data-testid={`hubspot-disconnect-${p.hub_id}`}
         disabled={busy}
         onClick={async () => {
@@ -136,6 +137,7 @@ function PortalRow({ p, onChanged }: { p: HubSpotPortal; onChanged: () => void }
 }
 
 function PrivacyGroup({ c, onChanged }: Pick<DetailProps, "c" | "onChanged">) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const fields = c.hidden_fields ?? [];
   const [draft, setDraft] = useState("");
   const save = async (next: string[]) => {
@@ -150,10 +152,10 @@ function PrivacyGroup({ c, onChanged }: Pick<DetailProps, "c" | "onChanged">) {
   };
   return (
     <>
-      <div className={GRP_H}>Access &amp; privacy</div>
+      <div className={GRP_H}>{t("conn.accessAndPrivacy")}</div>
       <div className={GRP}>
         <div className={ROW} data-testid="hubspot-hidden-fields">
-          <span className={LABEL}>Hidden fields</span>
+          <span className={LABEL}>{t("conn.hiddenFields")}</span>
           <span className="min-w-0 flex-1 flex flex-wrap items-center gap-1.5">
             {fields.map((f) => (
               <span
@@ -161,14 +163,14 @@ function PrivacyGroup({ c, onChanged }: Pick<DetailProps, "c" | "onChanged">) {
                 className="inline-flex items-center gap-1.5 px-2 py-0.5 rounded-full bg-paper border border-line text-[12.5px] font-mono"
               >
                 {f}
-                <button className={XBTN} title="remove" onClick={() => save(fields.filter((x) => x !== f))}>
+                <button className={XBTN} title={t("manageTabs.removeTitle")} onClick={() => save(fields.filter((x) => x !== f))}>
                   ×
                 </button>
               </span>
             ))}
             <input
               className="flex-1 min-w-[140px] bg-transparent text-[12.5px] outline-none placeholder:text-faint"
-              placeholder="Property name, e.g. salary"
+              placeholder={t("conn.propertyPlaceholder")}
               value={draft}
               onChange={(e) => setDraft(e.target.value)}
               onKeyDown={(e) => {
@@ -179,7 +181,7 @@ function PrivacyGroup({ c, onChanged }: Pick<DetailProps, "c" | "onChanged">) {
           </span>
         </div>
       </div>
-      <div className={FOOT}>Stripped from every record agents read, across all portals.</div>
+      <div className={FOOT}>{t("conn.hubspotHiddenFooter")}</div>
     </>
   );
 }
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/SlackDetail.tsx b/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/SlackDetail.tsx
index e5871feb..454f47fd 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/SlackDetail.tsx
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/SlackDetail.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 import { useEffect, useRef, useState } from "react";
+import type { TFunction } from "i18next";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import {
   addSlackApprovalOwner,
   allowUser,
@@ -41,18 +43,19 @@ const LABEL = "text-[12.5px] text-muted w-24 shrink-0";
 
 /** The relay status line, one honest layer at a time: sign-in → socket → live.
  * Dot color + text; never a synthetic "Slack is down" claim. */
-function relayHealth(slack: SlackStatus | null): { dot: string; text: string } {
-  if (!slack) return { dot: "bg-ok", text: "Live · managed relay" };
+function relayHealth(slack: SlackStatus | null, t: TFunction): { dot: string; text: string } {
+  if (!slack) return { dot: "bg-ok", text: t("conn.liveManagedRelay") };
   if (!slack.signed_in)
-    return { dot: "bg-warnInk", text: "Sign-in needed — relaying is paused" };
+    return { dot: "bg-warnInk", text: t("conn.relaySignInNeeded") };
   if (slack.relay.state === "offline")
-    return { dot: "bg-faint/60", text: "Offline — can't reach the relay" };
+    return { dot: "bg-faint/60", text: t("conn.relayOffline") };
   if (slack.relay.state === "reconnecting")
-    return { dot: "bg-warnInk", text: "Reconnecting to the relay…" };
-  return { dot: "bg-ok", text: "Live · managed relay" };
+    return { dot: "bg-warnInk", text: t("conn.relayReconnecting") };
+  return { dot: "bg-ok", text: t("conn.liveManagedRelay") };
 }
 
 export function SlackDetail({ c, cloud, slack, onChanged }: DetailProps) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [adding, setAdding] = useState(false);
   const [subs, setSubs] = useState<Subscription[]>([]);
   const loadSubs = () => getSubscriptions().then(setSubs).catch(() => setSubs([]));
@@ -78,23 +81,23 @@ export function SlackDetail({ c, cloud, slack, onChanged }: DetailProps) {
               <>
                 <span
                   className={
-                    "w-2 h-2 rounded-full " + (relay ? relayHealth(slack).dot : "bg-ok")
+                    "w-2 h-2 rounded-full " + (relay ? relayHealth(slack, t).dot : "bg-ok")
                   }
                 />
                 <span data-testid="slack-mode-badge">
                   {relay
-                    ? relayHealth(slack).text
-                    : "Connected · Socket Mode (manual tokens)"}
+                    ? relayHealth(slack, t).text
+                    : t("conn.socketModeManual")}
                 </span>
               </>
             ) : (
-              <span>Not connected</span>
+              <span>{t("conn.notConnected")}</span>
             )}
           </div>
         </div>
         {relay || !c.connected ? (
           <button className={PILL_ACCENT} data-testid="add-workspace-btn" onClick={() => setAdding(true)}>
-            ＋ Add workspace
+            {t("conn.addWorkspace")}
           </button>
         ) : null}
       </div>
@@ -102,8 +105,8 @@ export function SlackDetail({ c, cloud, slack, onChanged }: DetailProps) {
       {!c.connected && (
         <div className={GRP}>
           <div className={ROW + " text-[12.5px] text-muted"}>
-            One @ocw app, installed per workspace — each keeps its own allow-list.
-            {cloud?.signed_in ? "" : " One-click needs cloud sign-in; Manual works without it."}
+            {t("conn.slackIntro")}
+            {cloud?.signed_in ? "" : t("conn.slackCloudNeed")}
           </div>
         </div>
       )}
@@ -127,7 +130,7 @@ export function SlackDetail({ c, cloud, slack, onChanged }: DetailProps) {
       {/* Manual Socket Mode: one workspace, the flat allow-list (unchanged semantics). */}
       {c.connected && !relay && (
         <div data-testid="slack-manual-card">
-          <div className={GRP_H}>{c.account || "workspace"} <span className="font-normal text-faint">· manual tokens</span></div>
+          <div className={GRP_H}>{c.account || t("conn.workspace")} <span className="font-normal text-faint">{t("conn.manualTokens")}</span></div>
           <div className={GRP}>
             <PeopleRow
               allowed={c.allowed_users}
@@ -158,14 +161,14 @@ export function SlackDetail({ c, cloud, slack, onChanged }: DetailProps) {
 
       <ToolsDisclosure c={c} onChanged={onChanged} />
       {c.connected && (
-        <div className={FOOT + " mt-2"}>Names come from Slack automatically. IDs show on hover.</div>
+        <div className={FOOT + " mt-2"}>{t("conn.namesFromSlack")}</div>
       )}
 
       {adding && (
         <AddConnectionModal
           c={c}
           cloud={cloud}
-          title="Add a workspace"
+          title={t("conn.addWorkspaceTitle")}
           onClose={() => setAdding(false)}
           onChanged={changed}
         />
@@ -192,6 +195,8 @@ function WorkspaceGroup({
   const listening = subs.filter((s) => s.channel.startsWith(`slack:${w.team_id}/`));
   const empty = w.allowed_users.length === 0 && parked.length === 0 && listening.length === 0;
 
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+
   const disconnect = async () => {
     setBusy(true);
     await disconnectSlackWorkspace(w.team_id);
@@ -212,7 +217,7 @@ function WorkspaceGroup({
         </span>
         {!tokenOk && (
           <span className={TAG_WARN} data-testid={`token-warn-${w.team_id}`}>
-            ⚠ Token revoked — reinstall
+            {t("conn.tokenRevokedReinstall")}
           </span>
         )}
       </div>
@@ -221,7 +226,7 @@ function WorkspaceGroup({
           <>
             <div className={ROW}>
               <span className="min-w-0 flex-1 text-[12.5px] text-muted flex items-center gap-2 flex-wrap">
-                <span>No one allowed yet — mentions of the bot show up here for your OK.</span>
+                <span>{t("conn.slackNobodyAllowed")}</span>
                 <PersonPicker teamId={w.team_id} allowed={[]} onChanged={onChanged} />
               </span>
               <DisconnectBtn teamId={w.team_id} busy={busy} onClick={disconnect} />
@@ -271,15 +276,16 @@ function WorkspaceGroup({
 }
 
 function DisconnectBtn({ teamId, busy, onClick }: { teamId: string; busy: boolean; onClick: () => void }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   return (
     <button
       className="text-[12.5px] text-danger/80 hover:text-danger shrink-0"
       data-testid={`disconnect-workspace-${teamId}`}
-      title="Stops relaying this workspace to this computer. The app stays installed in Slack."
+      title={t("conn.disconnectWorkspaceTitle")}
       onClick={onClick}
       disabled={busy}
     >
-      {busy ? "Disconnecting…" : "Disconnect workspace"}
+      {busy ? t("conn.disconnecting") : t("conn.disconnectWorkspace")}
     </button>
   );
 }
@@ -305,36 +311,37 @@ function PeopleRow({
 }) {
   // The installer's chip reads "you" — their name may still be unresolved (it's
   // fetched lazily for outbound attribution), so fall back to a literal "You".
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const label = (u: string) =>
-    names?.[u] || (u === installerId ? installerName || "You" : u);
+    names?.[u] || (u === installerId ? installerName || t("conn.you") : u);
   return (
     <div className={ROW}>
-      <span className={LABEL}>People</span>
+      <span className={LABEL}>{t("conn.people")}</span>
       <span className="min-w-0 flex-1 flex flex-wrap items-center gap-1.5">
         {allowed.length === 0 && (
-          <span className="text-[12px] text-faint">nobody yet — pick a name, or approve a waiting sender below</span>
+          <span className="text-[12px] text-faint">{t("conn.slackNobodyYet")}</span>
         )}
         {allowed.map((u) => (
           <span
             key={u}
             className="inline-flex items-center gap-1.5 pl-1 pr-2 py-0.5 rounded-full bg-paper border border-line text-[12.5px]"
-            title={`id ${u}`}
+            title={t("manageTabs.idTitle", { id: u })}
             data-testid={u === installerId ? "people-chip-you" : undefined}
           >
             <span className="w-5 h-5 rounded-full bg-accentSoft text-accent grid place-items-center text-[9px] font-bold">
               {initials(label(u))}
             </span>
             {label(u)}
-            {u === installerId && <span className="text-[10.5px] text-faint">· you</span>}
+            {u === installerId && <span className="text-[10.5px] text-faint">{t("conn.youSuffix")}</span>}
             {protectedIds?.includes(u) ? (
               <span
                 className="text-[10.5px] text-faint"
-                title="Remove approval-owner access before removing this person."
+                title={t("conn.ownerProtectedTitle")}
               >
-                · owner
+                {t("conn.ownerSuffix")}
               </span>
             ) : (
-              <button className={XBTN} title="remove" onClick={() => onRemove(u)}>
+              <button className={XBTN} title={t("manageTabs.removeTitle")} onClick={() => onRemove(u)}>
                 ×
               </button>
             )}
@@ -354,7 +361,7 @@ function PersonPicker({
   allowed,
   onChanged,
   onPick,
-  buttonLabel = "＋ Add person",
+  buttonLabel,
   testId,
 }: {
   teamId: string | null;
@@ -364,6 +371,7 @@ function PersonPicker({
   buttonLabel?: string;
   testId?: string;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [open, setOpen] = useState(false);
   const [q, setQ] = useState("");
   const [rows, setRows] = useState<SlackMember[]>([]);
@@ -382,17 +390,17 @@ function PersonPicker({
 
   useEffect(() => {
     if (!open) return;
-    const t = setTimeout(() => {
+    const to = setTimeout(() => {
       getSlackDirectory(teamId || "default", q)
         .then((r) => {
           if (r.ok) {
             setRows(r.members || []);
             setErr(null);
-          } else setErr(r.error || "directory unavailable");
+          } else setErr(r.error || t("conn.directoryUnavailable"));
         })
-        .catch(() => setErr("directory unavailable"));
+        .catch(() => setErr(t("conn.directoryUnavailable")));
     }, 200);
-    return () => clearTimeout(t);
+    return () => clearTimeout(to);
   }, [open, q, teamId]);
 
   useEffect(() => {
@@ -409,7 +417,7 @@ function PersonPicker({
       ? await onPick(m)
       : await allowUser("slack", m.id, teamId, m.name);
     if (result?.ok === false) {
-      setErr(result.error || "could not add person");
+      setErr(result.error || t("conn.couldNotAddPerson"));
       return;
     }
     setOpen(false);
@@ -424,10 +432,10 @@ function PersonPicker({
         ref={btn}
         className="inline-flex items-center px-2 py-0.5 rounded-full border border-dashed border-line text-[12.5px] text-muted hover:text-ink hover:border-faint"
         data-testid={testId || `add-person-${teamId || "default"}`}
-        title="Pick from the workspace directory"
+        title={t("conn.pickFromDirectory")}
         onClick={toggle}
       >
-        {buttonLabel}
+        {buttonLabel || t("conn.addPerson")}
       </button>
       {open && (
         <div
@@ -438,7 +446,7 @@ function PersonPicker({
           <input
             autoFocus
             className="w-full bg-paper border border-line rounded-lg px-2 py-1 text-[12.5px] outline-none placeholder:text-faint"
-            placeholder="Type a name…"
+            placeholder={t("conn.typeName")}
             value={q}
             onChange={(e) => setQ(e.target.value)}
             onKeyDown={(e) => {
@@ -449,14 +457,14 @@ function PersonPicker({
             {err ? (
               <div className="px-2 py-1.5 text-[12px] text-warnInk">{err}</div>
             ) : candidates.length === 0 ? (
-              <div className="px-2 py-1.5 text-[12px] text-faint">no matches</div>
+              <div className="px-2 py-1.5 text-[12px] text-faint">{t("conn.noMatches")}</div>
             ) : (
               candidates.map((m) => (
                 <button
                   key={m.id}
                   className="block w-full text-left px-2 py-1.5 rounded-lg hover:bg-paper"
                   data-testid={`pick-person-${m.id}`}
-                  title={`id ${m.id}`}
+                  title={t("manageTabs.idTitle", { id: m.id })}
                   onMouseDown={(e) => {
                     // mousedown (not click) so the pick lands before the input's blur
                     e.preventDefault();
@@ -467,7 +475,7 @@ function PersonPicker({
                   <span className="text-[11.5px] text-faint">@{m.handle}</span>
                   {m.guest && (
                     <span className="ml-1.5 text-[10.5px] text-warnInk bg-warnSoft/70 border border-warnInk/15 rounded px-1 py-0.5">
-                      guest
+                      {t("conn.guest")}
                     </span>
                   )}
                 </button>
@@ -475,7 +483,7 @@ function PersonPicker({
             )}
           </div>
           <div className="px-2 pb-1 text-[10.5px] text-faint">
-            From your workspace directory — stays on this computer.
+            {t("conn.directoryStaysLocal")}
           </div>
         </div>
       )}
@@ -498,13 +506,14 @@ function ApprovalOwnersRow({
   editable: boolean;
   onChanged: () => void;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [err, setErr] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const label = (u: string) =>
-    names?.[u] || (u === installerId ? installerName || "You" : u);
+    names?.[u] || (u === installerId ? installerName || t("conn.you") : u);
   const remove = async (userId: string) => {
     const result = await removeSlackApprovalOwner(userId);
     if (!result.ok) {
-      setErr(result.error || "could not remove approval owner");
+      setErr(result.error || t("conn.couldNotRemoveApprovalOwner"));
       return;
     }
     setErr(null);
@@ -512,27 +521,27 @@ function ApprovalOwnersRow({
   };
   return (
     <div className={ROW} data-testid="slack-approval-owners">
-      <span className={LABEL}>Approvals</span>
+      <span className={LABEL}>{t("conn.approvals")}</span>
       <span className="min-w-0 flex-1 flex flex-wrap items-center gap-1.5">
         {owners.length === 0 && (
           <span className="text-[12px] text-warnInk">
-            Choose at least one owner before routing Inbox approvals to Slack.
+            {t("conn.chooseApprovalOwner")}
           </span>
         )}
         {owners.map((u) => (
           <span
             key={u}
             className="inline-flex items-center gap-1.5 pl-1 pr-2 py-0.5 rounded-full bg-paper border border-line text-[12.5px]"
-            title={`id ${u}`}
+            title={t("manageTabs.idTitle", { id: u })}
             data-testid={`approval-owner-${u}`}
           >
             <span className="w-5 h-5 rounded-full bg-accentSoft text-accent grid place-items-center text-[9px] font-bold">
               {initials(label(u))}
             </span>
             {label(u)}
-            {u === installerId && <span className="text-[10.5px] text-faint">· installer</span>}
+            {u === installerId && <span className="text-[10.5px] text-faint">{t("conn.installerSuffix")}</span>}
             {editable && (
-              <button className={XBTN} title="remove approval owner" onClick={() => remove(u)}>
+              <button className={XBTN} title={t("conn.removeApprovalOwnerTitle")} onClick={() => remove(u)}>
                 ×
               </button>
             )}
@@ -544,12 +553,12 @@ function ApprovalOwnersRow({
             allowed={owners}
             onChanged={onChanged}
             onPick={(m) => addSlackApprovalOwner(m.id, m.name)}
-            buttonLabel="＋ Add owner"
+            buttonLabel={t("conn.addOwner")}
             testId="add-approval-owner"
           />
         )}
         {!editable && owners.length > 0 && (
-          <span className="text-[11.5px] text-faint">Set by the workspace installer.</span>
+          <span className="text-[11.5px] text-faint">{t("conn.setByInstaller")}</span>
         )}
         {err && <span className="basis-full text-[11.5px] text-warnInk">{err}</span>}
       </span>
@@ -558,35 +567,38 @@ function ApprovalOwnersRow({
 }
 
 function WaitingRow({ m, onChanged }: { m: ParkedMessage; onChanged: () => void }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const act = async (action: "dismiss" | "allow" | "allow_deliver") => {
     await resolveUnauthorized("slack", m.id, action);
     onChanged();
   };
   return (
     <div className={ROW + " bg-warnSoft/25"} data-testid={`waiting-${m.id}`}>
-      <span className={LABEL}>Waiting</span>
+      <span className={LABEL}>{t("conn.waiting")}</span>
       <span className="min-w-0 flex-1">
         <span className="font-medium text-[13px]">{m.user_name || m.user_id}</span>{" "}
-        <span className="text-[12.5px] text-muted">in {m.chat_name || m.chat_id}</span>
+        <span className="text-[12.5px] text-muted">
+          {t("conn.inChat", { name: m.chat_name || m.chat_id })}
+        </span>
         <span className="block text-[12.5px] text-muted truncate">“{m.text}”</span>
       </span>
       <button
         className={PILL_ACCENT + " !py-1"}
         data-testid={`parked-allow-deliver-${m.id}`}
-        title="Allow the sender and deliver this message now"
+        title={t("conn.allowDeliverMessageTitle")}
         onClick={() => act("allow_deliver")}
       >
-        Allow & deliver
+        {t("manageTabs.allowAndDeliver")}
       </button>
       <button
         className={PILL_LINE + " !py-1"}
         data-testid={`parked-allow-${m.id}`}
-        title="Allow the sender; this message is discarded"
+        title={t("conn.allowMessageTitle")}
         onClick={() => act("allow")}
       >
-        Allow
+        {t("approval.allow")}
       </button>
-      <button className={XBTN + " px-1"} data-testid={`parked-dismiss-${m.id}`} title="Dismiss" onClick={() => act("dismiss")}>
+      <button className={XBTN + " px-1"} data-testid={`parked-dismiss-${m.id}`} title={t("common.dismiss")} onClick={() => act("dismiss")}>
         ×
       </button>
     </div>
@@ -594,10 +606,11 @@ function WaitingRow({ m, onChanged }: { m: ParkedMessage; onChanged: () => void
 }
 
 function ListeningRows({ subs, onChanged }: { subs: Subscription[]; onChanged: () => void }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   if (subs.length === 0) return null;
   return (
     <div className={ROW} data-testid="listening-slack">
-      <span className={LABEL}>Listening</span>
+      <span className={LABEL}>{t("conn.listening")}</span>
       <span className="min-w-0 flex-1 space-y-1">
         {subs.map((s) => (
           <span key={s.session_id + s.channel} className="flex items-center gap-2 text-[12.5px]">
@@ -610,7 +623,7 @@ function ListeningRows({ subs, onChanged }: { subs: Subscription[]; onChanged: (
             </span>
             <button
               className={XBTN + " ml-auto"}
-              title="Unsubscribe this session"
+              title={t("manageTabs.unsubscribeSession")}
               onClick={async () => {
                 await unsubscribeChannel(s.session_id, s.channel);
                 onChanged();
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/SlackHowItWorks.tsx b/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/SlackHowItWorks.tsx
index eaf1d7da..e23abbca 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/SlackHowItWorks.tsx
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/SlackHowItWorks.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useEffect, useRef, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import type { SlackWorkspace } from "../../api";
 
 // UX-027: the post-connect "how mentions reach you" card. A tabbed carousel of
@@ -12,11 +13,11 @@ import type { SlackWorkspace } from "../../api";
 
 const KEY = "ocw.slack.howitworks.collapsed";
 const DUR = 8000; // per-scene loop, ms
-const TABS = ["Mention → session", "Threads stay connected", "Allow teammates"];
+const TABS = ["conn.hiwTabMention", "conn.hiwTabThreads", "conn.hiwTabTeammates"];
 const CAPTIONS = [
-  "Mention @OpenWorker in any channel it's invited to — a session opens here, and the answer lands back in Slack as a thread.",
-  "Mention it again inside the thread — the conversation continues in the same session, context intact. The thread is the session.",
-  "Teammates aren't auto-trusted: their first mention waits for your OK, then they're on the People list.",
+  "conn.hiwCaptionMention",
+  "conn.hiwCaptionThreads",
+  "conn.hiwCaptionTeammates",
 ];
 
 function readCollapsed(): boolean {
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ function readCollapsed(): boolean {
 }
 
 export function SlackHowItWorks({ workspaces }: { workspaces: SlackWorkspace[] }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [collapsed, setCollapsed] = useState(readCollapsed);
   const [tab, setTab] = useState(0);
   const [cycle, setCycle] = useState(0); // bump = remount the scene = restart its animations
@@ -64,7 +66,7 @@ export function SlackHowItWorks({ workspaces }: { workspaces: SlackWorkspace[] }
     (mine &&
       (mine.installer_name ||
         mine.allowed_user_names?.[mine.installer_user_id ?? ""])) ||
-    "You";
+    t("conn.you");
   const meFirst = meName.split(/\s+/)[0];
   const meInitial = (meName[0] || "Y").toUpperCase();
 
@@ -74,15 +76,15 @@ export function SlackHowItWorks({ workspaces }: { workspaces: SlackWorkspace[] }
     <div className="mb-5" data-testid="slack-howitworks">
       <div className="flex items-baseline gap-2.5">
         <h3 className="text-[13.5px] font-semibold tracking-tight">
-          Getting started with Slack &amp; OpenWorker
+          {t("conn.hiwTitle")}
         </h3>
         <button
           className="ml-auto shrink-0 inline-flex items-center gap-1.5 text-[12px] text-muted hover:text-ink"
           data-testid="hiw-collapse"
-          title={collapsed ? "Show how mentions work" : "Collapse — reopen anytime"}
+          title={collapsed ? t("conn.hiwShowTitle") : t("conn.hiwCollapseTitle")}
           onClick={toggle}
         >
-          {collapsed ? "How it works" : "Hide"}
+          {collapsed ? t("conn.hiwHowItWorks") : t("common.hide")}
           <span
             className="text-[9px] transition-transform"
             style={collapsed ? { transform: "rotate(-90deg)" } : undefined}
@@ -93,24 +95,24 @@ export function SlackHowItWorks({ workspaces }: { workspaces: SlackWorkspace[] }
       </div>
       <div className="text-[12px] text-muted mt-0.5">
         <span className="text-ok font-bold">✓ </span>
-        {ws?.account || "Workspace"} connected
+        {ws?.account || t("conn.hiwWorkspace")} {t("conn.hiwConnected")}
         {mine
-          ? " — you're on the People list, so your mentions get through."
-          : " — here's how mentions reach you."}
+          ? t("conn.hiwOnPeople")
+          : t("conn.hiwMentionsReach")}
       </div>
 
       {!collapsed && (
         <div className="mt-3">
           <div className="flex gap-1 border-b border-line mb-3">
-            {TABS.map((t, i) => (
+            {TABS.map((tabKey, i) => (
               <button
-                key={t}
+                key={tabKey}
                 className={"hiw-tab" + (i === tab ? " on" : "")}
                 data-testid={`hiw-tab-${i}`}
                 style={{ "--hiw-dur": `${DUR}ms` } as React.CSSProperties}
                 onClick={() => jump(i)}
               >
-                {t}
+                {t(tabKey)}
                 <span className="hiw-prog"><i /></span>
               </button>
             ))}
@@ -122,7 +124,7 @@ export function SlackHowItWorks({ workspaces }: { workspaces: SlackWorkspace[] }
             {tab === 2 && <SceneTeammates />}
           </div>
           <div className="mt-2.5 text-[12px] text-muted" data-testid="hiw-caption">
-            {CAPTIONS[tab]}
+            {t(CAPTIONS[tab])}
           </div>
         </div>
       )}
@@ -170,29 +172,31 @@ const SendIcon = () => (
 );
 
 function SlackRail({ active }: { active: string }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   return (
     <div className="hiw-slrail">
       <div className="hiw-ws">{WS_NAME} ▾</div>
-      <div className="hiw-slnav"><ThreadsIcon /> Threads</div>
-      <div className="hiw-slnav"><SendIcon /> Drafts &amp; sent</div>
-      <div className="hiw-sect">Channels</div>
+      <div className="hiw-slnav"><ThreadsIcon /> {t("conn.hiwThreads")}</div>
+      <div className="hiw-slnav"><SendIcon /> {t("conn.hiwDraftsSent")}</div>
+      <div className="hiw-sect">{t("conn.hiwChannels")}</div>
       <div className={"hiw-ch" + (active === "general" ? " on" : "")}># general</div>
       <div className={"hiw-ch" + (active === "launch-room" ? " on" : "")}># launch-room</div>
-      <div className="hiw-sect">Direct messages</div>
+      <div className="hiw-sect">{t("conn.hiwDirectMessages")}</div>
       <div className="hiw-slnav"><span className="hiw-pres" />Priya N</div>
       <div className="hiw-slnav"><span className="hiw-pres" />Emma W</div>
-      <div className="hiw-sect">Agents &amp; apps</div>
+      <div className="hiw-sect">{t("conn.hiwAgentsApps")}</div>
       <div className="hiw-slnav"><span className="hiw-appav">OW</span>OpenWorker</div>
     </div>
   );
 }
 
 function SlackWin({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   return (
     <div className="hiw-win hiw-sl">
       <div className="hiw-sltop">
         <span className="hiw-dots"><i /><i /><i /></span>
-        <span className="hiw-slsearch">⌕ Describe what you are looking for</span>
+        <span className="hiw-slsearch">{t("conn.hiwSlackSearch")}</span>
       </div>
       <div className="hiw-slbody">{children}</div>
     </div>
@@ -234,13 +238,14 @@ function OwWin({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
 }
 
 function OwRail({ hot, hotSub, glow }: { hot?: string; hotSub?: string; glow?: boolean }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   return (
     <div className="hiw-owrail">
       <div className="hiw-brand">OpenWorker</div>
-      <div className="hiw-newbtn">＋ New session</div>
-      <div className="hiw-ownav">⌕ Search</div>
-      <div className="hiw-ownav">◷ Automations</div>
-      <div className="hiw-sect">RECENT</div>
+      <div className="hiw-newbtn">{t("conn.hiwNewSession")}</div>
+      <div className="hiw-ownav">{t("conn.hiwSearch")}</div>
+      <div className="hiw-ownav">{t("conn.hiwAutomations")}</div>
+      <div className="hiw-sect">{t("conn.hiwRecent")}</div>
       {hot && (
         <div
           className={"hiw-sess hot" + (glow ? " hiw-glow hiw-k" : " hiw-stay")}
@@ -280,61 +285,62 @@ function Msg({
 
 /* ---- scene 1: mention in a channel → new session, reply via thread panel ---- */
 function SceneMention({ meFirst, meInitial }: { meFirst: string; meInitial: string }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   return (
     <>
       <span className="hiw-spark" style={d("1.9s")} />
-      <Sticky d="3.1s" pos={{ left: "51%", top: "8%" }}>a @mention starts a NEW session →</Sticky>
-      <Sticky d="5.8s" r pos={{ left: "27%", bottom: "5%" }}>the answer comes back as a thread ↑</Sticky>
+      <Sticky d="3.1s" pos={{ left: "51%", top: "8%" }}>{t("conn.hiwStickyMention")}</Sticky>
+      <Sticky d="5.8s" r pos={{ left: "27%", bottom: "5%" }}>{t("conn.hiwStickyThread")}</Sticky>
       <SlackWin>
         <SlackRail active="launch-room" />
         <div className="hiw-slmain">
-          <div className="hiw-slhead"># launch-room <span className="hiw-sub">· 24 members</span></div>
+          <div className="hiw-slhead"># launch-room <span className="hiw-sub">{t("conn.hiwMembers", { count: 24 })}</span></div>
           <div className="hiw-slmsgs">
-            <SlackDate label="Today" />
+            <SlackDate label={t("conn.hiwToday")} />
             <Msg av="P" avBg="#7c6cd0" name="Priya N" ts="6:31 PM">
-              signups are spiking since the post 📈
+              {t("conn.hiwSignups")}
             </Msg>
             <Msg
               av={meInitial} avBg="#3b82c4" name={meFirst} ts="6:33 PM" delay=".8s"
               extra={
                 <span className="hiw-replybar hiw-k" style={d("4.6s")}>
-                  <span className="hiw-sav2">OW</span> 1 reply
-                  <span className="hiw-later">Today at 6:34 PM</span>
+                  <span className="hiw-sav2">OW</span> {t("conn.hiwReplies", { count: 1 })}
+                  <span className="hiw-later">{t("conn.hiwTodayAt", { time: "6:34 PM" })}</span>
                 </span>
               }
             >
-              <span className="hiw-men">@OpenWorker</span> summarize this thread
+              <span className="hiw-men">@OpenWorker</span> {t("conn.hiwSummarizeThread")}
             </Msg>
           </div>
-          <SlackComposer placeholder="Message #launch-room" />
+          <SlackComposer placeholder={t("conn.hiwMessageChannel", { channel: "launch-room" })} />
           <div className="hiw-slthread hiw-k" style={d("5.1s")}>
-            <div className="hiw-th">Thread <span className="hiw-sub"># launch-room</span><span className="hiw-x">✕</span></div>
+            <div className="hiw-th">{t("conn.hiwThread")} <span className="hiw-sub"># launch-room</span><span className="hiw-x">✕</span></div>
             <div className="hiw-tmsgs">
               <Msg av={meInitial} avBg="#3b82c4" name={meFirst} ts="6:33 PM">
-                <span className="hiw-men">@OpenWorker</span> summarize this thread
+                <span className="hiw-men">@OpenWorker</span> {t("conn.hiwSummarizeThread")}
               </Msg>
-              <div className="hiw-cnt">1 reply</div>
+              <div className="hiw-cnt">{t("conn.hiwReplies", { count: 1 })}</div>
               <Msg av="OW" avBg="#4a154b" name="OpenWorker" app ts="6:34 PM">
-                Launch traction: signups up 3.4× since the post…
+                {t("conn.hiwLaunchTraction")}
               </Msg>
             </div>
-            <div className="hiw-treply">Reply…</div>
+            <div className="hiw-treply">{t("conn.hiwReply")}</div>
           </div>
         </div>
       </SlackWin>
       <OwWin>
-        <OwRail hot="Summarize #launch-room" hotSub="via Slack · now" glow />
+        <OwRail hot={t("conn.hiwSummarizeChannel", { channel: "launch-room" })} hotSub={t("conn.hiwViaSlackNow")} glow />
         <div className="hiw-owmain">
           <div className="hiw-owtitle hiw-k" style={d("2.6s")}>
-            Summarize #launch-room <span className="hiw-via">via Slack</span>
+            {t("conn.hiwSummarizeChannel", { channel: "launch-room" })} <span className="hiw-via">{t("conn.hiwViaSlack")}</span>
           </div>
           <div className="hiw-owchat">
-            <div className="hiw-bub user hiw-k" style={d("2.8s")}>@OpenWorker summarize this thread</div>
+            <div className="hiw-bub user hiw-k" style={d("2.8s")}>{t("conn.hiwMentionSummarize")}</div>
             <div className="hiw-bub agent hiw-k" style={d("3.6s")}>
-              Reading the thread… signups up 3.4×, top referrer is the press page. <i>(replying in the Slack thread)</i>
+              {t("conn.hiwReadingThread")} <i>{t("conn.hiwReplyingInThread")}</i>
             </div>
           </div>
-          <div className="hiw-owcomposer">Message OpenWorker…</div>
+          <div className="hiw-owcomposer">{t("conn.hiwMessageOpenWorker")}</div>
         </div>
       </OwWin>
     </>
@@ -343,78 +349,79 @@ function SceneMention({ meFirst, meInitial }: { meFirst: string; meInitial: stri
 
 /* ---- scene 2: mention INSIDE the open thread panel → the same session ---- */
 function SceneThread({ meFirst, meInitial }: { meFirst: string; meInitial: string }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   return (
     <>
       <span className="hiw-spark" style={d("1.9s")} />
-      <Sticky d="3.2s" r pos={{ left: "52%", top: "10%" }}>chatting in the thread continues the SAME conversation →</Sticky>
+      <Sticky d="3.2s" r pos={{ left: "52%", top: "10%" }}>{t("conn.hiwStickySameConv")}</Sticky>
       <SlackWin>
         <SlackRail active="launch-room" />
         <div className="hiw-slmain">
-          <div className="hiw-slhead"># launch-room <span className="hiw-sub">· 24 members</span></div>
+          <div className="hiw-slhead"># launch-room <span className="hiw-sub">{t("conn.hiwMembers", { count: 24 })}</span></div>
           <div className="hiw-slmsgs">
-            <SlackDate label="Today" />
+            <SlackDate label={t("conn.hiwToday")} />
             <Msg av="P" avBg="#7c6cd0" name="Priya N" ts="6:31 PM">
-              signups are spiking since the post 📈
+              {t("conn.hiwSignups")}
             </Msg>
             <Msg
               av={meInitial} avBg="#3b82c4" name={meFirst} ts="6:33 PM"
               extra={
                 <span className="hiw-replybar">
-                  <span className="hiw-sav2">OW</span> 2 replies
-                  <span className="hiw-later">Today at 6:36 PM</span>
+                  <span className="hiw-sav2">OW</span> {t("conn.hiwReplies", { count: 2 })}
+                  <span className="hiw-later">{t("conn.hiwTodayAt", { time: "6:36 PM" })}</span>
                 </span>
               }
             >
-              <span className="hiw-men">@OpenWorker</span> summarize this thread
+              <span className="hiw-men">@OpenWorker</span> {t("conn.hiwSummarizeThread")}
             </Msg>
           </div>
-          <SlackComposer placeholder="Message #launch-room" />
+          <SlackComposer placeholder={t("conn.hiwMessageChannel", { channel: "launch-room" })} />
           {/* thread panel open from the start — the new mentions play INSIDE it */}
           <div className="hiw-slthread">
-            <div className="hiw-th">Thread <span className="hiw-sub"># launch-room</span><span className="hiw-x">✕</span></div>
+            <div className="hiw-th">{t("conn.hiwThread")} <span className="hiw-sub"># launch-room</span><span className="hiw-x">✕</span></div>
             <div className="hiw-tmsgs">
               <Msg av={meInitial} avBg="#3b82c4" name={meFirst} ts="6:33 PM">
-                <span className="hiw-men">@OpenWorker</span> summarize this thread
+                <span className="hiw-men">@OpenWorker</span> {t("conn.hiwSummarizeThread")}
               </Msg>
-              <div className="hiw-cnt">2 replies</div>
+              <div className="hiw-cnt">{t("conn.hiwReplies", { count: 2 })}</div>
               <Msg av="OW" avBg="#4a154b" name="OpenWorker" app ts="6:34 PM">
-                Launch traction: signups up 3.4×…
+                {t("conn.hiwLaunchTractionShort")}
               </Msg>
               <Msg av="P" avBg="#7c6cd0" name="Priya N" ts="6:36 PM" delay=".8s">
-                <span className="hiw-men">@OpenWorker</span> break it down by country?
+                <span className="hiw-men">@OpenWorker</span> {t("conn.hiwBreakDown")}
               </Msg>
               <Msg av="OW" avBg="#4a154b" name="OpenWorker" app ts="6:36 PM" delay="4.8s">
-                Top: US 41% · India 22% · Germany 9%…
+                {t("conn.hiwTopCountries")}
               </Msg>
             </div>
-            <div className="hiw-treply">Reply…</div>
+            <div className="hiw-treply">{t("conn.hiwReply")}</div>
           </div>
         </div>
       </SlackWin>
       <OwWin>
         <div className="hiw-owrail">
           <div className="hiw-brand">OpenWorker</div>
-          <div className="hiw-newbtn">＋ New session</div>
-          <div className="hiw-ownav">⌕ Search</div>
-          <div className="hiw-ownav">◷ Automations</div>
-          <div className="hiw-sect">RECENT</div>
+          <div className="hiw-newbtn">{t("conn.hiwNewSession")}</div>
+          <div className="hiw-ownav">{t("conn.hiwSearch")}</div>
+          <div className="hiw-ownav">{t("conn.hiwAutomations")}</div>
+          <div className="hiw-sect">{t("conn.hiwRecent")}</div>
           <div className="hiw-sess hot hiw-stay hiw-glow" style={{ "--g": "2.4s" } as React.CSSProperties}>
-            <b>Summarize #launch-room</b>via Slack
+            <b>{t("conn.hiwSummarizeChannel", { channel: "launch-room" })}</b>{t("conn.hiwViaSlack")}
           </div>
           <div className="hiw-sess"><b>Jira vs Linear</b>Coworker</div>
         </div>
         <div className="hiw-owmain">
           <div className="hiw-owtitle">
-            Summarize #launch-room <span className="hiw-via">via Slack — same session</span>
+            {t("conn.hiwSummarizeChannel", { channel: "launch-room" })} <span className="hiw-via">{t("conn.hiwViaSlackSameSession")}</span>
           </div>
           <div className="hiw-owchat">
-            <div className="hiw-bub agent hiw-stay">…signups up 3.4×, top referrer is the press page.</div>
-            <div className="hiw-bub user hiw-k" style={d("2.6s")}>break it down by country?</div>
+            <div className="hiw-bub agent hiw-stay">{t("conn.hiwSignupsShort")}</div>
+            <div className="hiw-bub user hiw-k" style={d("2.6s")}>{t("conn.hiwBreakDown")}</div>
             <div className="hiw-bub agent hiw-k" style={d("3.8s")}>
-              Top countries: US 41%, India 22%, Germany 9% — context kept from the whole thread.
+              {t("conn.hiwTopCountriesFull")}
             </div>
           </div>
-          <div className="hiw-owcomposer">Message OpenWorker…</div>
+          <div className="hiw-owcomposer">{t("conn.hiwMessageOpenWorker")}</div>
         </div>
       </OwWin>
     </>
@@ -423,41 +430,42 @@ function SceneThread({ meFirst, meInitial }: { meFirst: string; meInitial: strin
 
 /* ---- scene 3: a teammate's first mention waits for your OK ---- */
 function SceneTeammates() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   return (
     <>
       <span className="hiw-spark" style={d("1.9s")} />
-      <Sticky d="3.4s" pos={{ left: "53%", bottom: "10%" }}>first-time senders wait for your OK</Sticky>
+      <Sticky d="3.4s" pos={{ left: "53%", bottom: "10%" }}>{t("conn.hiwStickyFirstTime")}</Sticky>
       <SlackWin>
         <SlackRail active="launch-room" />
         <div className="hiw-slmain">
-          <div className="hiw-slhead"># launch-room <span className="hiw-sub">· 24 members</span></div>
+          <div className="hiw-slhead"># launch-room <span className="hiw-sub">{t("conn.hiwMembers", { count: 24 })}</span></div>
           <div className="hiw-slmsgs">
-            <SlackDate label="Today" />
+            <SlackDate label={t("conn.hiwToday")} />
             <Msg
               av="P" avBg="#7c6cd0" name="Priya N" ts="6:41 PM" delay=".7s"
               extra={
                 <span className="hiw-replybar hiw-k" style={d("5.6s")}>
-                  <span className="hiw-sav2">OW</span> 1 reply
-                  <span className="hiw-later">after you allow</span>
+                  <span className="hiw-sav2">OW</span> {t("conn.hiwReplies", { count: 1 })}
+                  <span className="hiw-later">{t("conn.hiwAfterYouAllow")}</span>
                 </span>
               }
             >
-              <span className="hiw-men">@OpenWorker</span> pull the signup numbers?
+              <span className="hiw-men">@OpenWorker</span> {t("conn.hiwPullSignups")}
             </Msg>
           </div>
-          <SlackComposer placeholder="Message #launch-room" />
+          <SlackComposer placeholder={t("conn.hiwMessageChannel", { channel: "launch-room" })} />
         </div>
       </SlackWin>
       <OwWin>
-        <OwRail hot="Summarize #launch-room" hotSub="via Slack" />
+        <OwRail hot={t("conn.hiwSummarizeChannel", { channel: "launch-room" })} hotSub={t("conn.hiwViaSlack")} />
         <div className="hiw-owmain">
-          <div className="hiw-owtitle">Slack — {WS_NAME}</div>
+          <div className="hiw-owtitle">{t("conn.hiwSlackWorkspace", { name: WS_NAME })}</div>
           <div className="hiw-waitrow hiw-k hiw-glow" style={d("2s", { "--g": "2.5s" })}>
-            <span className="min-w-0"><b>Priya N</b> is waiting</span>
-            <span className="hiw-allowbtn ml-auto">Allow &amp; deliver</span>
+            <span className="min-w-0"><b>Priya N</b> {t("conn.hiwIsWaitingSuffix")}</span>
+            <span className="hiw-allowbtn ml-auto">{t("manageTabs.allowAndDeliver")}</span>
           </div>
           <div className="hiw-waitcap hiw-k" style={d("3.4s")}>
-            Each teammate&apos;s <b>first</b> mention waits for your OK — then they&apos;re on the People list and it flows.
+            {t("conn.hiwWaitCaption")}
           </div>
         </div>
       </OwWin>
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/ToolsDisclosure.tsx b/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/ToolsDisclosure.tsx
index 071b24a8..ecaa3db8 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/ToolsDisclosure.tsx
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/components/connectors/ToolsDisclosure.tsx
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import { updateConnectorTools, type Connector } from "../../api";
 import { GRP, ROW, TAG_QUIET, TAG_WARN } from "./ui";
 
@@ -5,15 +6,16 @@ import { GRP, ROW, TAG_QUIET, TAG_WARN } from "./ui";
 // (UX-DECISIONS §21): the lever exists everywhere but stays quiet — expanding
 // shows one row per tool with its read/write tag; writes always ask first.
 export function ToolsDisclosure({ c, onChanged }: { c: Connector; onChanged: () => void }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   if (!c.tools?.length) return null;
   const enabled = c.tools.filter((t) => t.enabled).length;
   return (
     <div className={GRP + " mt-6"}>
       <details>
         <summary className={ROW + " cursor-pointer hover:bg-paper/60 list-none [&::-webkit-details-marker]:hidden"}>
-          <span className="text-[12.5px] text-muted w-24 shrink-0">› Tools</span>
+          <span className="text-[12.5px] text-muted w-24 shrink-0">› {t("conn.tools")}</span>
           <span className="min-w-0 flex-1 text-[12.5px] text-muted">
-            {enabled} of {c.tools.length} enabled
+            {t("conn.toolsEnabled", { enabled, total: c.tools.length })}
           </span>
         </summary>
         {c.tools.map((tool) => (
@@ -28,7 +30,7 @@ export function ToolsDisclosure({ c, onChanged }: { c: Connector; onChanged: ()
             />
             <span className="min-w-0 flex-1 text-[13px] font-medium">{tool.label}</span>
             <span className={tool.kind === "write" ? TAG_WARN : TAG_QUIET}>
-              {tool.kind === "write" ? "asks first" : "read"}
+              {tool.kind === "write" ? t("conn.asksFirst") : t("conn.read")}
             </span>
           </label>
         ))}
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/i18n.ts b/surfaces/gui/src/i18n.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..436f3f78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/i18n.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+import i18n from "i18next";
+import { initReactI18next } from "react-i18next";
+
+import en from "./locales/en.json";
+import zh from "./locales/zh.json";
+
+i18n.use(initReactI18next).init({
+  resources: {
+    en: { translation: en },
+    zh: { translation: zh },
+  },
+  lng: "zh",
+  fallbackLng: "en",
+  interpolation: {
+    escapeValue: false,
+  },
+});
+
+// Persistent locale override: the bundled zh.json is baked into this build, but a stale
+// override in the app data dir survives app updates/reinstalls. We read it (deferred, never
+// blocking startup) and deep-merge it over the bundled strings so any key the bundled file
+// is missing still renders in Chinese. If no override exists yet, we write the current
+// bundle once so a later rebuild (that might drift) keeps these translations.
+const tauri = (globalThis as any).__TAURI__;
+if (tauri?.core?.invoke) {
+  window.setTimeout(async () => {
+    try {
+      const existing = await tauri.core.invoke("read_locale_override");
+      if (typeof existing === "string" && existing) {
+        const data = JSON.parse(existing);
+        for (const lng of Object.keys(data)) {
+          if (data[lng] && typeof data[lng] === "object") {
+            i18n.addResourceBundle(lng, "translation", data[lng], true, true);
+          }
+        }
+        if (i18n.isInitialized) i18n.emit("languageChanged");
+      } else {
+        const bundle = { en, zh };
+        await tauri.core.invoke("write_locale_override", { content: JSON.stringify(bundle) });
+      }
+    } catch {
+      // non-Tauri environment or file unavailable — bundled translations are used
+    }
+  }, 1500);
+}
+
+export default i18n;
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/locales/en.json b/surfaces/gui/src/locales/en.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..868bd185
--- /dev/null
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/locales/en.json
@@ -0,0 +1,1499 @@
+{
+  "app.name": "OpenWorker",
+  "app.beta": "BETA",
+  "welcome.title": "Welcome to OpenWorker",
+  "welcome.subtitle": "Pick a model provider to get started — OpenWorker runs on your own key, and your key and your data stay on this Mac.",
+  "welcome.modelsCanBeEnabled": "Models can be enabled or hidden anytime in Settings ▸ Models.",
+  "setup.skip": "Skip setup",
+  "setup.skipConfirm": "Nothing works without a model — ",
+  "setup.next": "Next",
+  "setup.checking": "Checking…",
+  "setup.continueWithoutSignin": "Continue without sign-in",
+  "setup.signInForConnections": "Sign in for one-click connections",
+  "setup.signInDesc": "OpenWorker handles the OAuth for 20+ tools — no dev consoles, no pasted keys. Tokens stay on this Mac.",
+  "setup.openingBrowser": "Opening browser…",
+  "setup.waiting": "Waiting…",
+  "setup.cancel": "Cancel",
+  "setup.signIn": "Sign in",
+  "setup.youAreSignedIn": "You're signed in",
+  "setup.toolsConnected": "Connect a tool above with one click — or add them anytime later from the Connectors page.",
+  "setup.toolsNotSignedIn": "30+ more tools on the Connectors page — add or remove anytime. Tokens stay on this Mac.",
+  "setup.doneTitle": "You're set up",
+  "setup.doneSubtitle": "Two good ways to start:",
+  "setup.createAutomation": "Create your first automation",
+  "setup.createAutomationDesc": "A weekly digest, a morning brief — pick a template, running in two minutes.",
+  "setup.startWorking": "Start working with Coworker",
+  "setup.startWorkingDesc": "Open a session and just ask — analyze files, draft, research, build.",
+  "setup.replaySetup": "Replay this setup anytime: Settings ▸ Appearance ▸ Run setup again.",
+  "toolRows.outlook": "Stay on top of email",
+  "toolRows.outlookDetail": "Outlook — triage mail, draft replies, run your calendar.",
+  "toolRows.slack": "Keep up with Slack",
+  "toolRows.slackDetail": "Slack — catch up, answer mentions, post updates.",
+  "toolRows.github": "Ship code",
+  "toolRows.githubDetail": "GitHub — review PRs, watch issues, reply to @mentions.",
+  "toolRows.notion": "Keep your notes in reach",
+  "toolRows.notionDetail": "Notion — search pages, query databases, draft docs.",
+  "toolRows.hubspot": "Keep the CRM current",
+  "toolRows.hubspotDetail": "HubSpot — update deals, log notes, prep calls.",
+  "toolRows.attio": "Track every relationship",
+  "toolRows.attioDetail": "Attio — search records, read timelines, log notes.",
+  "toolRows.gmailCalendar": "Gmail & Google Calendar",
+  "toolRows.gmailCalendarDetail": "Coming soon — pending Google's app verification.",
+  "toolRows.comingSoon": "Coming soon",
+  "sidebar.pinned": "Pinned",
+  "sidebar.recent": "Recent",
+  "sidebar.scheduled": "Scheduled",
+  "sidebar.search": "Search",
+  "sidebar.newSession": "New session",
+  "sidebar.managePersonas": "Manage personas…",
+  "sidebar.groupBy": "Group by",
+  "sidebar.groupByPersona": "Persona",
+  "sidebar.groupByChronological": "Chronological",
+  "sidebar.filterByCoworker": "Filter by coworker",
+  "sidebar.clearFilter": "Clear",
+  "sidebar.noConversations": "No conversations yet.",
+  "sidebar.noMatching": "No matching conversations.",
+  "sidebar.showMore": "Show more ({{count}})",
+  "sidebar.showLess": "Show less",
+  "sidebar.projects": "Projects",
+  "sidebar.newProject": "New project",
+  "sidebar.noProjects": "No projects yet — start one with the + above.",
+  "sidebar.noConversationsInProject": "No conversations in this project yet.",
+  "sidebar.archived": "Archived ({{count}})",
+  "sidebar.attentionBadge": "{{count}} awaiting your attention",
+  "sidebar.liveWorking": "Working now",
+  "sidebar.liveSleeping": "Sleeping (will wake itself)",
+  "sidebar.originSlack": "From Slack",
+  "sidebar.accountMenuSignIn": "Sign in",
+  "sidebar.accountMenuNotSignedIn": "Not signed in — one-click connections need OpenWorker Cloud",
+  "sidebar.accountMenuSignedInAs": "{{email}} · OpenWorker Cloud",
+  "sidebar.accountMenuInbox": "Inbox",
+  "sidebar.accountMenuConnectors": "Connectors",
+  "sidebar.accountMenuSettings": "Settings",
+  "sidebar.accountMenuRunSetupAgain": "Run setup again",
+  "sidebar.accountMenuQuit": "Quit OpenWorker",
+  "session.new": "New session",
+  "session.rename": "Rename",
+  "session.pin": "Pin",
+  "session.unpin": "Unpin",
+  "session.archive": "Archive",
+  "session.unarchive": "Unarchive",
+  "session.delete": "Delete",
+  "session.deleteConfirm": "Delete?",
+  "session.selectTitle": "Select session",
+  "composer.placeholder": "Ask the coworker…  (drop or paste files)",
+  "composer.attachments": "Attachments",
+  "composer.noModel": "No model",
+  "composer.configureModel": "Configure model",
+  "composer.send": "Send",
+  "composer.stop": "Stop",
+  "composer.retry": "Retry",
+  "composer.mode": "Mode",
+  "composer.model": "Model",
+  "settings.title": "Settings",
+  "settings.general": "General",
+  "settings.models": "Models",
+  "settings.voice": "Voice input",
+  "settings.personas": "Personas",
+  "settings.theme": "Theme",
+  "settings.themeLight": "Light",
+  "settings.themeDark": "Dark",
+  "settings.themeAuto": "Auto",
+  "settings.themeAutoDesc": "Auto follows your Mac's appearance.",
+  "settings.sidebar": "Sidebar",
+  "settings.sidebarConversationsPerCoworker": "Conversations shown per coworker",
+  "settings.sidebarConversationsPerCoworkerHelp": "Longer lists collapse behind \"Show more\". Applies per coworker and per project.",
+  "settings.files": "Files",
+  "settings.filesScratchLocation": "Scratch location",
+  "settings.filesPlaceholder": "~/OpenWorker",
+  "settings.filesBrowse": "Browse",
+  "settings.filesSave": "Save",
+  "settings.filesHelp": "Each conversation gets its own folder under this location. Existing conversations keep their current folder; you can grant access to more folders inside any conversation.",
+  "settings.trustedWorkspaces": "Trusted workspaces",
+  "settings.trustedWorkspacesHelp": "Trusted projects may manage their command allowances in .coworker/config.toml.",
+  "settings.trustedWorkspacesNone": "No workspaces are trusted.",
+  "settings.trustedWorkspacesLoading": "Loading…",
+  "settings.trustedWorkspacesRevoke": "Revoke",
+  "settings.trustedWorkspacesNoCommands": "No project command allowances currently declared",
+  "settings.trustedWorkspacesUnavailable": " · Folder unavailable",
+  "settings.alwaysOn": "Always-on",
+  "settings.openAtLogin": "Open at login",
+  "settings.openAtLoginDesc": "Launch OpenWorker automatically when you sign in.",
+  "settings.keepAwake": "Keep this system awake",
+  "settings.keepAwakeDesc": "Prevent idle sleep so scheduled tasks fire on time.",
+  "settings.setupUpdates": "Setup & updates",
+  "settings.runSetupAgain": "Run setup again",
+  "settings.runSetupAgainHelp": "Replays the first-run setup: model, first automation, tips.",
+  "settings.checkForUpdates": "Check for updates",
+  "settings.checking": "Checking…",
+  "settings.updateFound": "Update to v{{version}} and restart",
+  "settings.upToDate": "You're on the latest version.",
+  "settings.updateError": "Couldn't check right now — try again later.",
+  "settings.updating": "Downloading — OpenWorker restarts by itself when it's ready.",
+  "settings.tokenSavings": "Token savings",
+  "settings.tokenSavingsHelp": "PDF attachments travel with every turn of a conversation, so large documents multiply what you spend on tokens.",
+  "settings.pdfFallback": "PDFs on models without native PDF support",
+  "settings.pdfFallbackText": "Extract text",
+  "settings.pdfFallbackImages": "Send page images",
+  "settings.pdfFallbackHelp": "Claude, GPT and Gemini read PDFs natively — this only applies to models that don't (GLM, Kimi, DeepSeek, local models…). Text extraction is cheapest; page images cost more tokens and need a vision-capable model.",
+  "settings.pdfMaxPages": "Max pages",
+  "settings.pdfMaxMb": "Max size",
+  "settings.pdfMaxMbUnit": "MB",
+  "settings.pdfLimitsHelp": "PDFs over these limits are not attached — you'll see a notice in the composer instead.",
+  "settings.voiceInput": "Voice input",
+  "settings.voiceInputSub": "Speak naturally in the composer. Recordings and transcripts stay on this device.",
+  "settings.voicePrivate": "Private by design. Audio is held in memory only while you record and is transcribed locally.",
+  "settings.voiceThisDevice": "This device",
+  "settings.voiceCompatibility": "{{summary}}",
+  "settings.voiceCompatibilityReason": "{{reason}}",
+  "settings.voiceCompatible": "● Compatible",
+  "settings.voiceUnsupported": "Unsupported",
+  "settings.voiceRequirementsMac": "Mac",
+  "settings.voiceRequirementsMacDesc": "macOS 12+ · Apple Silicon M1+",
+  "settings.voiceRequirementsWindows": "Windows",
+  "settings.voiceRequirementsWindowsDesc": "Windows 10 22H2/11 · x64",
+  "settings.voiceRequirementsMemory": "Memory",
+  "settings.voiceRequirementsMemoryDesc": "8 GB recommended",
+  "settings.voiceRequirementsProcessor": "Processor",
+  "settings.voiceRequirementsProcessorDesc": "4 CPU cores recommended",
+  "settings.voiceModel": "Whisper Base · English",
+  "settings.voiceModelInstalled": "Installed and verified · {{size}}",
+  "settings.voiceModelNotInstalled": "Local voice model · {{size}}",
+  "settings.voiceModelVerified": "Verified",
+  "settings.voiceModelRepair": "Repair",
+  "settings.voiceModelDelete": "Delete",
+  "settings.voiceModelDownload": "Download model",
+  "settings.voiceModelCancel": "Cancel",
+  "settings.voiceModelVerifying": "Verifying…",
+  "settings.voiceMicTest": "Microphone test",
+  "settings.voiceMicTestReady": "Your microphone and local transcription engine are working.",
+  "settings.voiceMicTestNotReady": "Record a short phrase to enable the composer microphone.",
+  "settings.voiceMicTestReadyBadge": "● Ready",
+  "settings.voiceMicTestStop": "Stop and check",
+  "settings.voiceMicTestTranscribing": "Transcribing…",
+  "settings.voiceMicTestTestAgain": "Test again",
+  "settings.voiceMicTestButton": "Test microphone",
+  "settings.voiceMicListening": "● Listening… speak a short phrase, then stop.",
+  "settings.voiceTranscriptPrefix": "“{{transcript}}”",
+  "settings.personasSub": "Which coworkers are enabled and shown in the picker, plus installing new persona bundles.",
+  "settings.personasBrowseGallery": "Browse the Persona Gallery",
+  "settings.personasBrowseGalleryDesc": "Curated coworkers from the OpenWorker team — see what each can do before installing.",
+  "settings.personasGalleryTitle": "Persona Gallery",
+  "models.title": "Models",
+  "models.subtitle": "Providers and the models offered in the composer's picker. Keys are stored only on this computer.",
+  "models.tokenSavings": "Token savings",
+  "providers.gallery": "Pick a model provider",
+  "providers.formTitle": "{{name}} setup",
+  "providers.apiKey": "API key",
+  "providers.apiKeyPlaceholder": "Paste your {{name}} API key",
+  "providers.testAndSave": "Test & save",
+  "providers.testing": "Testing…",
+  "providers.saved": "Saved",
+  "providers.verified": "Verified",
+  "providers.error": "Error: {{error}}",
+  "providers.keyless": "No key needed",
+  "providers.keylessDesc": "This provider works without an API key (e.g., local models via Ollama).",
+  "providers.selectProvider": "Select a provider to continue",
+  "providers.back": "Back",
+  "inbox.title": "Inbox",
+  "inbox.empty": "Nothing awaiting your attention.",
+  "inbox.itemApproval": "Approval needed",
+  "inbox.itemDirectory": "Directory access requested",
+  "inbox.itemPlan": "Plan proposed",
+  "inbox.itemQuestion": "Question",
+  "inbox.resolve": "Resolve",
+  "inbox.approve": "Approve",
+  "inbox.deny": "Deny",
+  "inbox.grant": "Grant",
+  "inbox.approvePlan": "Approve plan",
+  "inbox.rejectPlan": "Reject plan",
+  "inbox.answerQuestion": "Answer",
+  "integrations.title": "Integrations",
+  "integrations.connectors": "Connectors",
+  "integrations.messaging": "Messaging",
+  "integrations.mcp": "MCP Servers",
+  "integrations.activity": "Activity",
+  "automations.title": "Automations",
+  "automations.createFirst": "Create your first automation",
+  "automations.createNew": "Create automation",
+  "automations.schedule": "Schedule",
+  "automations.runNow": "Run now",
+  "audit.title": "Audit",
+  "audit.empty": "No activity yet.",
+  "approval.approve": "Approve",
+  "approval.deny": "Deny",
+  "approval.alwaysAllow": "Always allow",
+  "approval.alwaysDeny": "Always deny",
+  "approval.once": "Once",
+  "directory.grant": "Grant",
+  "directory.deny": "Deny",
+  "plan.approve": "Approve plan",
+  "plan.reject": "Reject plan",
+  "plan.mode": "Mode",
+  "plan.feedback": "Feedback (optional)",
+  "question.answer": "Answer",
+  "question.options": "Options",
+  "question.allowText": "Allow free text",
+  "question.multiSelect": "Multi-select",
+  "toast.automationStarted": "{{title}} started",
+  "toast.viewRun": "View run",
+  "error.generic": "Error: {{error}}",
+  "error.retriable": "Error: {{error}} (retriable)",
+  "interrupted": "Interrupted.",
+  "maxIterations": "Stopped: max iterations reached.",
+  "modelSwitched": "Model switched",
+  "inputRejected": "That message was rejected.",
+  "status.connected": "Connected",
+  "status.connecting": "Connecting…",
+  "status.disconnected": "Disconnected",
+  "folderGate.title": "Pick a folder",
+  "folderGate.subtitle": "Code needs a project folder to work in. Pick an existing folder or create a new one.",
+  "folderGate.createNew": "Create new folder",
+  "folderGate.pickExisting": "Pick existing folder",
+  "folderGate.create": "Create",
+  "folderGate.cancel": "Cancel",
+  "onboarding.stepModel": "Model",
+  "onboarding.stepTools": "Tools",
+  "onboarding.stepDone": "Done",
+  "common.language": "Language",
+  "common.english": "English",
+  "common.chinese": "Chinese",
+  "common.ok": "OK",
+  "common.cancel": "Cancel",
+  "common.save": "Save",
+  "common.delete": "Delete",
+  "common.edit": "Edit",
+  "common.close": "Close",
+  "common.loading": "Loading…",
+  "common.error": "Error",
+  "common.success": "Success",
+  "common.yes": "Yes",
+  "common.no": "No",
+  "common.confirm": "Confirm",
+  "common.back": "Back",
+  "common.next": "Next",
+  "common.skip": "Skip",
+  "common.done": "Done",
+  "common.retry": "Retry",
+  "common.verify": "Verify",
+  "common.download": "Download",
+  "common.install": "Install",
+  "common.uninstall": "Uninstall",
+  "common.enable": "Enable",
+  "common.disable": "Disable",
+  "common.configure": "Configure",
+  "common.manage": "Manage",
+  "common.browse": "Browse",
+  "common.create": "Create",
+  "common.new": "New",
+  "common.open": "Open",
+  "common.view": "View",
+  "common.run": "Run",
+  "common.stop": "Stop",
+  "common.start": "Start",
+  "common.pause": "Pause",
+  "common.resume": "Resume",
+  "common.restart": "Restart",
+  "common.refresh": "Refresh",
+  "common.search": "Search",
+  "common.filter": "Filter",
+  "common.sort": "Sort",
+  "common.clear": "Clear",
+  "common.apply": "Apply",
+  "common.reset": "Reset",
+  "common.default": "Default",
+  "common.custom": "Custom",
+  "common.advanced": "Advanced",
+  "common.basic": "Basic",
+  "common.all": "All",
+  "common.none": "None",
+  "common.other": "Other",
+  "common.more": "More",
+  "common.less": "Less",
+  "common.show": "Show",
+  "common.hide": "Hide",
+  "common.expand": "Expand",
+  "common.collapse": "Collapse",
+  "common.select": "Select",
+  "common.deselect": "Deselect",
+  "common.checkAll": "Check all",
+  "common.uncheckAll": "Uncheck all",
+  "common.invertSelection": "Invert selection",
+  "common.copy": "Copy",
+  "common.paste": "Paste",
+  "common.cut": "Cut",
+  "common.undo": "Undo",
+  "common.redo": "Redo",
+  "common.find": "Find",
+  "common.replace": "Replace",
+  "common.goTo": "Go to",
+  "common.openFile": "Open file",
+  "common.saveFile": "Save file",
+  "common.newFile": "New file",
+  "common.newFolder": "New folder",
+  "common.deleteFile": "Delete file",
+  "common.renameFile": "Rename file",
+  "common.moveFile": "Move file",
+  "common.copyFile": "Copy file",
+  "common.downloadFile": "Download file",
+  "common.uploadFile": "Upload file",
+  "common.share": "Share",
+  "common.export": "Export",
+  "common.import": "Import",
+  "common.print": "Print",
+  "common.preview": "Preview",
+  "common.fullscreen": "Fullscreen",
+  "common.minimize": "Minimize",
+  "common.maximize": "Maximize",
+  "common.restore": "Restore",
+  "common.closeWindow": "Close window",
+  "common.quit": "Quit",
+  "common.about": "About",
+  "common.preferences": "Preferences",
+  "common.settings": "Settings",
+  "common.help": "Help",
+  "common.documentation": "Documentation",
+  "common.reportIssue": "Report issue",
+  "common.checkForUpdates": "Check for updates",
+  "common.keyboardShortcuts": "Keyboard shortcuts",
+  "common.tips": "Tips",
+  "common.whatsNew": "What's new",
+  "common.releaseNotes": "Release notes",
+  "common.license": "License",
+  "common.privacy": "Privacy",
+  "common.terms": "Terms",
+  "common.credits": "Credits",
+  "common.acknowledgments": "Acknowledgments",
+  "common.version": "Version",
+  "common.build": "Build",
+  "common.platform": "Platform",
+  "common.architecture": "Architecture",
+  "common.debug": "Debug",
+  "common.developer": "Developer",
+  "common.experimental": "Experimental",
+  "common.beta": "Beta",
+  "common.alpha": "Alpha",
+  "common.stable": "Stable",
+  "common.nightly": "Nightly",
+  "common.canary": "Canary",
+  "common.release": "Release",
+  "common.latest": "Latest",
+  "common.updateAvailable": "Update available",
+  "common.upToDate": "Up to date",
+  "common.checkingForUpdates": "Checking for updates…",
+  "common.updateError": "Failed to check for updates",
+  "common.installingUpdate": "Installing update…",
+  "common.updateInstalled": "Update installed, restarting…",
+  "common.restartRequired": "Restart required",
+  "common.restartNow": "Restart now",
+  "common.restartLater": "Restart later",
+  "common.never": "Never",
+  "common.always": "Always",
+  "common.sometimes": "Sometimes",
+  "common.auto": "Auto",
+  "common.manual": "Manual",
+  "common.enabled": "Enabled",
+  "common.disabled": "Disabled",
+  "common.on": "On",
+  "common.off": "Off",
+  "common.yesPlease": "Yes, please",
+  "common.noThanks": "No, thanks",
+  "common.maybeLater": "Maybe later",
+  "common.dontAskAgain": "Don't ask again",
+  "common.remindMeLater": "Remind me later",
+  "common.learnMore": "Learn more",
+  "common.gotIt": "Got it",
+  "common.understand": "I understand",
+  "common.dismiss": "Dismiss",
+  "common.ignore": "Ignore",
+  "common.skipThisTime": "Skip this time",
+  "common.skipForever": "Skip forever",
+  "common.tryAgain": "Try again",
+  "common.contactSupport": "Contact support",
+  "common.sendFeedback": "Send feedback",
+  "common.rateApp": "Rate app",
+  "common.writeReview": "Write review",
+  "common.shareApp": "Share app",
+  "common.inviteFriends": "Invite friends",
+  "common.referralCode": "Referral code",
+  "common.copyLink": "Copy link",
+  "common.copied": "Copied!",
+  "common.copyFailed": "Copy failed",
+  "common.openInBrowser": "Open in browser",
+  "common.openInApp": "Open in app",
+  "common.openExternally": "Open externally",
+  "common.showInFinder": "Show in Finder",
+  "common.showInExplorer": "Show in Explorer",
+  "common.openTerminal": "Open terminal",
+  "common.copyPath": "Copy path",
+  "common.revealInSidebar": "Reveal in sidebar",
+  "common.focusSearch": "Focus search",
+  "common.escape": "Escape",
+  "common.enter": "Enter",
+  "common.tab": "Tab",
+  "common.shiftTab": "Shift+Tab",
+  "common.arrowUp": "Arrow up",
+  "common.arrowDown": "Arrow down",
+  "common.arrowLeft": "Arrow left",
+  "common.arrowRight": "Arrow right",
+  "common.pageUp": "Page up",
+  "common.pageDown": "Page down",
+  "common.home": "Home",
+  "common.end": "End",
+  "common.deleteKey": "Delete",
+  "common.backspace": "Backspace",
+  "common.space": "Space",
+  "common.ctrl": "Ctrl",
+  "common.cmd": "Cmd",
+  "common.shift": "Shift",
+  "common.alt": "Alt",
+  "common.option": "Option",
+  "common.meta": "Meta",
+  "common.fn": "Fn",
+  "common.f1": "F1",
+  "common.f2": "F2",
+  "common.f3": "F3",
+  "common.f4": "F4",
+  "common.f5": "F5",
+  "common.f6": "F6",
+  "common.f7": "F7",
+  "common.f8": "F8",
+  "common.f9": "F9",
+  "common.f10": "F10",
+  "common.f11": "F11",
+  "common.f12": "F12",
+  "app.starting": "Starting OpenWorker…",
+  "app.restoring": "Restoring your session…",
+  "app.suggestion1": "Run the test suite and summarize any failures.",
+  "app.suggestion2": "Read the project and give me a 5-bullet overview.",
+  "app.suggestion3": "Find and fix the failing build.",
+  "app.automationStarted": "Automation started",
+  "app.viewRun": "View run ›",
+  "app.dismiss": "Dismiss",
+  "app.showSidebar": "Show sidebar",
+  "app.showSidebarShortcut": "Show sidebar (⌘B)",
+  "app.hideSidePanel": "Hide side panel",
+  "app.showSidePanel": "Show side panel",
+  "app.artifacts": "Artifacts",
+  "app.showFiles": "Show files this conversation produced",
+  "app.tryTask": "Try a task",
+  "app.jumpToLatest": "Jump to latest",
+  "app.waitingForAgent": "Waiting for agent...",
+  "app.interrupted": "Interrupted.",
+  "app.maxIterations": "Stopped: max iterations reached.",
+  "app.modelSwitched": "Model switched",
+  "app.inputRejected": "That message was rejected.",
+  "app.assistant": "assistant",
+  "app.scheduledRun": "Scheduled run",
+  "app.startedByAutomation": " · started by an automation",
+  "app.backToRuns": "← Back to runs",
+  "app.howCanIHelp": "How can I help?",
+  "app.letsBuild": "Let's build something.",
+  "app.placeholderCowork": "Ask the coworker…  (drop or paste files)",
+  "app.placeholderCode": "Ask the coder to build, fix, or explain…  (drop or paste files)",
+  "app.placeholderChat": "Ask anything…  (drop or paste files)",
+  "sidebar.collapse": "Collapse sidebar",
+  "sidebar.collapseShortcut": "Collapse sidebar (⌘B)",
+  "sidebar.dock": "Dock sidebar",
+  "sidebar.dockShortcut": "Dock sidebar (⌘B)",
+  "sidebar.signInCloud": "Sign in to OpenWorker Cloud",
+  "sidebar.notSignedIn": "Not signed in",
+  "sidebar.signedInCloud": "Signed in to OpenWorker Cloud",
+  "sidebar.sessionActions": "Session actions",
+  "sidebar.clickAgainDelete": "Click again to permanently delete",
+  "sidebar.noneCheckedShowsAll": "None checked shows all.",
+  "sidebar.groupFilter": "Group and filter conversations",
+  "sidebar.inboxItemsNeedYou": "Inbox — {{count}} items need you",
+  "sidebar.startAs": "Start a session as",
+  "sidebar.choosePersona": "Choose a persona",
+  "sidebar.startWithPersona": "Start with a specific persona",
+  "sidebar.accountLabel": "Account: {{email}}",
+  "sidebar.accountNotSignedIn": "Account: not signed in",
+  "sidebar.inbox": "Inbox",
+  "sidebar.connectors": "Connectors",
+  "sidebar.settings": "Settings",
+  "sidebar.automations": "Automations",
+  "sidebar.activity": "Activity",
+  "sidebar.signOut": "Sign out",
+  "sidebar.account": "Account",
+  "sidebar.notSignedInShort": "Not signed in",
+  "sidebar.signedIn": "Signed in to {{cloud}}",
+  "sidebar.inboxItems": "Inbox — {{count}} items need you",
+  "composer.discuss": "Discuss",
+  "composer.askApproval": "Ask for approval",
+  "composer.fullAccess": "Full access",
+  "composer.discussDesc": "Chat and explore — no edits or commands",
+  "composer.askApprovalDesc": "Ask before edits and commands",
+  "composer.fullAccessDesc": "Run everything without asking",
+  "composer.sendApprovalsToInbox": "Send approvals to Inbox",
+  "composer.sendApprovalsDesc": "Approvals & questions go to the Inbox; the agent keeps working.",
+  "composer.sendApprovalsToInboxTitle": "Send approvals to the Inbox",
+  "composer.loadingModels": "Loading models…",
+  "composer.connectModel": "Connect a model",
+  "composer.noModelConnected": "No model connected — connect a model",
+  "composer.fetchingModels": "Fetching the model list from the server",
+  "composer.stopRecordingTranscribe": "Stop recording and transcribe",
+  "composer.startVoiceDictation": "Start local voice dictation",
+  "composer.configureVoice": "Configure Voice Input in Settings",
+  "composer.startDictation": "Start dictation",
+  "composer.stopDictation": "Stop dictation",
+  "composer.attach": "Attach",
+  "composer.photoImage": "Photo or image",
+  "composer.pdf": "PDF",
+  "composer.otherFiles": "Other files",
+  "composer.connectModelToSend": "Connect a model to send",
+  "composer.tokenUsage": "Token usage",
+  "composer.tokenUsagePct": "Token usage — {{pct}}% of the context window used",
+  "composer.tokenUsageSession": "Token usage this session",
+  "composer.unknownModel": "Unknown model",
+  "composer.contextWindow": "Context window",
+  "composer.ofX": "{{fmt}} of {{window}} · {{pct}}%",
+  "composer.inContextNow": "In context now: {{fmt}} tokens",
+  "composer.sessionTotals": "Session totals",
+  "composer.uncachedInput": "Uncached input",
+  "composer.cacheReads": "Cache reads",
+  "composer.cacheWrites": "Cache writes",
+  "composer.totalInput": "Total input",
+  "composer.input": "Input",
+  "composer.output": "Output",
+  "composer.total": "Total",
+  "composer.xTokens": "{{fmt}} tokens",
+  "composer.contextMeterUnavailable": "Context meter unavailable for custom models.",
+  "composer.listening": "Listening, {{time}}",
+  "composer.modeInboxSuffix": " · approvals go to the Inbox",
+  "composer.remove": "Remove",
+  "composer.transcribing": "Transcribing…",
+  "search.searchChats": "Search chats",
+  "search.esc": "Esc",
+  "search.noChatsFound": "No chats found.",
+  "search.pinnedChats": "Pinned chats",
+  "search.recentChats": "Recent chats",
+  "intro.whatProduce": "What should we produce?",
+  "intro.pickTask": "Pick a task to start — I'll do the work and save the result. Or just type what you need below.",
+  "intro.analyzeDir": "Analyze the files in a directory",
+  "intro.analyzeDirSub": "I'll read them and summarize what matters",
+  "intro.pickFolder": "Pick a folder →",
+  "intro.hubspotReport": "Create a report from my HubSpot leads",
+  "intro.hubspotReportSub": "Sources, stages, and who needs follow-up",
+  "intro.start": "Start →",
+  "intro.configure": "Configure ›",
+  "intro.githubSlackReport": "Automate a weekly GitHub progress report to Slack",
+  "intro.githubSlackReportSub": "Repo activity, summarized and posted every Friday",
+  "inbox.pending": "Pending",
+  "inbox.configureTab": "Configure",
+  "inbox.nothingPending": "Nothing pending.",
+  "inbox.nothingFilter": "Nothing pending for this filter.",
+  "inbox.allCoworkers": "All coworkers",
+  "inbox.alsoDeliveredTo": "Also delivered to",
+  "inbox.repliesResolve": "— replies there resolve items here.",
+  "inbox.deliveredHereOnly": "Delivered here only.",
+  "inbox.connectSlack": "Delivered here only. Connect Slack (Connectors page) to also get these in a channel — more platforms later.",
+  "inbox.configureRoute": "Configure ›",
+  "inbox.sessionUnavailable": "Session unavailable",
+  "inbox.openLabel": "Open \"{{label}}\"",
+  "integrations.mcpServers": "MCP servers",
+  "integrations.connectorsSub": "Apps and tools your coworkers can use. Connected ones come first.",
+  "integrations.mcpSub": "External tool servers (stdio or HTTP), shared across all agents.",
+  "approval.writeFile": "Write a file",
+  "approval.editFile": "Edit a file",
+  "approval.applyPatch": "Apply a patch",
+  "approval.runCommand": "Run a command",
+  "approval.sendMessage": "Send a message",
+  "approval.sendFile": "Send a file",
+  "approval.actsOnService": "acts on a connected service",
+  "approval.leavesMac": "leaves this computer → {{platform}}",
+  "approval.staysOnMac": "stays on this computer",
+  "approval.overwriteExisting": " · overwrites the existing file",
+  "approval.showLess": "show less",
+  "approval.showAllLines": "show all {{count}} lines",
+  "approval.showFullMessage": "show the full message",
+  "approval.toolLabel": "Tool: {{name}}",
+  "approval.alwaysAllowToolTitle": "Always allow {{verb}} for this session",
+  "approval.alwaysAllowTitle": "Always allow {{name}} → {{target}} for \"{{title}}\" — revoke any time on its Automations page",
+  "approval.allow": "Allow",
+  "approval.allowOnce": "Allow once",
+  "approval.alwaysAllowThisCommand": "Always allow this command",
+  "approval.allowedEveryTime": "Allow every time",
+  "approval.readOnly": "read-only",
+  "approval.grantNoteWrite": " — always allowed once you approve",
+  "approval.grantNoteRead": " — read-only",
+  "approval.asPngScreenshot": " · as a PNG screenshot",
+  "approval.withMessage": "With the message",
+  "approval.fileLabel": "file",
+  "approval.preview": "preview",
+  "approval.approved": "Approved",
+  "audit.sessionId": "session id",
+  "audit.connector": "connector",
+  "audit.tool": "tool",
+  "audit.subtitle": "Recent connector and browser tool activity.",
+  "scheduled.daily": "daily",
+  "scheduled.weekdays": "Weekdays",
+  "scheduled.weekends": "Weekends",
+  "scheduled.monday": "Mondays",
+  "scheduled.tuesday": "Tuesdays",
+  "scheduled.wednesday": "Wednesdays",
+  "scheduled.thursday": "Thursdays",
+  "scheduled.friday": "Fridays",
+  "scheduled.saturday": "Saturdays",
+  "scheduled.sunday": "Sundays",
+  "scheduled.title": "Automations",
+  "scheduled.subtitle": "Recurring tasks and scheduled jobs",
+  "scheduled.newAutomation": "New automation",
+  "scheduled.info": "Create a recurring task that runs on a schedule",
+  "scheduled.runCount": "{{count}} run{{#if plural}}s{{/if}}",
+  "scheduled.creating": "Creating…",
+  "scheduled.createAutomation": "Create automation",
+  "scheduled.backToAutomations": "← Back to automations",
+  "scheduled.titlePlaceholder": "What should this automation do?",
+  "scheduled.instructionsPlaceholder": "Describe the task in detail…",
+  "scheduled.at": "At",
+  "scheduled.repeat": "Repeat",
+  "scheduled.everyDay": "Every day",
+  "scheduled.cancel": "Cancel",
+  "scheduled.saving": "Saving…",
+  "scheduled.save": "Save",
+  "scheduled.edit": "Edit",
+  "scheduled.runNow": "Run now",
+  "scheduled.active": "Active",
+  "scheduled.paused": "Paused",
+  "scheduled.instructions": "Instructions",
+  "scheduled.allowedWithoutAsking": "Allowed without asking",
+  "scheduled.allowedDescription": "These tools will run automatically when this automation executes.",
+  "scheduled.revokeTooltip": "Revoke this allowance",
+  "scheduled.revoke": "Revoke",
+  "scheduled.runs": "Runs",
+  "scheduled.runsDescription": "Recent executions of this automation",
+  "scheduled.noRuns": "No runs yet",
+  "scheduled.openRunTooltip": "Open run details",
+  "scheduled.nextLabel": "Next",
+  "scheduled.lastLabel": "Last",
+  "scheduled.loading": "Loading automations…",
+  "scheduled.new": "New",
+  "scheduled.fileCount": "{{count}} file{{#if plural}}s{{/if}}",
+  "scheduled.open": "Open",
+  "scheduled.delete": "Delete",
+  "folderGate.newProject": "New project",
+  "folderGate.chooseProjectFolder": "Choose a project folder",
+  "folderGate.couldNotOpen": "could not open that folder",
+  "workspaceTrust.trustCommands": "Trust this workspace's commands?",
+  "workspaceTrust.couldNotSave": "Could not save workspace trust.",
+  "workspaceTrust.keepAsking": "Keep asking",
+  "workspaceTrust.trustWorkspace": "Trust workspace",
+  "planCard.agentProposedPlan": "The agent proposed a plan",
+  "planCard.whatShouldChange": "What should change about the plan?",
+  "planCard.requestChanges": "Request changes",
+  "planCard.approveAskPerStep": "Approve — ask per step",
+  "planCard.approveAndRun": "Approve & run",
+  "dirReq.requestingAccess": "The agent is requesting access to a folder",
+  "dirReq.chooseOrPaste": "Choose or paste a folder path…",
+  "dirReq.allowWriting": "Allow writing (read-write)",
+  "dirReq.chooseLocation": "Choose location",
+  "dirReq.decline": "Decline",
+  "dirReq.grantAccess": "Grant access",
+  "addFolder.giveAccess": "Give access to a folder",
+  "addFolder.browse": "Browse",
+  "addFolder.add": "Add",
+  "cloud.checkBrowser": "Check your browser…",
+  "cloud.signInCloud": "Sign in to OpenWorker Cloud",
+  "cloud.signInUnlocks": "Sign-in unlocks one-click connects…",
+  "cloud.checkingSignIn": "Checking OpenWorker Cloud sign-in…",
+  "transcript.copied": "Copied",
+  "settings.modelsSub": "Providers and the models offered in the composer's picker. Keys are stored only on this computer.",
+  "settings.voiceGenericError": "Voice Input could not complete that action.",
+  "settings.voiceDesktopOnly": "Voice Input setup is available in the OpenWorker desktop app.",
+  "settings.voicePrivateDesc": "Audio is held in memory only while you record and is transcribed locally.",
+  "settings.voiceChecking": "Checking compatibility…",
+  "settings.voiceDeleteConfirm": "Delete the local Whisper model and disable Voice Input?",
+  "settings.voiceNoSpeech": "No speech was detected. Try again and speak for a little longer.",
+  "settings.generalSub": "How OpenWorker looks and behaves on this machine.",
+  "settings.languageHelp": "Changes take effect immediately.",
+  "settings.trustedRevokeConfirm": "Revoke command trust for {{path}}?",
+  "settings.filesSaved": "Saved. New conversations will use this location.",
+  "settings.filesError": "Could not use that location.",
+  "settings.filesPickFolder": "Pick a folder",
+  "app.openWorker": "OpenWorker",
+  "app.openWorkerCloud": "OpenWorker Cloud",
+  "approval.actsOnConnectedService": "acts on a connected service",
+  "approval.allowEveryTime": "Allow every time",
+  "approval.alwaysAllowCommand": "Always allow this command",
+  "approval.alwaysAllowed": "Always allowed",
+  "approval.alwaysAllowSession": "Always allow for this session",
+  "approval.alwaysAllowTooltip": "Always allow",
+  "approval.connectedChat": "connected chat",
+  "approval.file": "file",
+  "approval.overwritesFile": "overwrites existing file",
+  "approval.pngScreenshot": "as a PNG screenshot",
+  "approval.thisAutomation": "this automation",
+  "audit.fallbackEvent": "event",
+  "audit.fallbackTool": "tool",
+  "audit.noActivity": "No activity yet.",
+  "audit.resourceLabel": "resource:",
+  "audit.sessionLabel": "session",
+  "audit.subtitleDetail": "Recent connector and browser tool activity. Arguments are sanitized before storage.",
+  "channelPicker.invite": "invite @ocw to this channel…",
+  "channelPicker.placeholder": "slack:C0123…",
+  "channelPicker.searching": "searching your workspace's channels…",
+  "composer.approvalsDescription": "Approvals & questions go to the Inbox; the agent keeps working.",
+  "composer.approvalsGoToInbox": "approvals go to the Inbox",
+  "composer.attachOther": "Other files",
+  "composer.attachPdf": "PDF",
+  "composer.attachPhoto": "Photo or image",
+  "composer.configureVoiceInput": "Configure Voice Input in Settings",
+  "composer.contextUnavailable": "Context meter unavailable for custom models.",
+  "composer.dictationUnavailable": "Voice dictation is unavailable.",
+  "composer.dismiss": "Dismiss",
+  "composer.inContext": "In context now: {{tokens}} tokens",
+  "composer.micError": "Could not start the microphone.",
+  "composer.modeApproval": "Ask for approval",
+  "composer.modeApprovalDesc": "Ask before edits and commands",
+  "composer.modeAuto": "Full access",
+  "composer.modeAutoDesc": "Run everything without asking",
+  "composer.modeDiscuss": "Discuss",
+  "composer.modeDiscussDesc": "Chat and explore — no edits or commands",
+  "composer.modeTitle": "Mode: {{mode}}",
+  "composer.noModelLabel": "No model connected — connect a model",
+  "composer.startingMic": "Starting microphone…",
+  "composer.stopRecording": "Stop recording and transcribe",
+  "composer.transcribeError": "Could not transcribe your recording.",
+  "inbox.configureLink": "Configure",
+  "inbox.deliveredHereOnlyConnect": "Delivered here only. Connect Slack (Connectors page) to also get these in a channel — more platforms later.",
+  "inbox.nothingPendingFilter": "Nothing pending for this filter.",
+  "inbox.openSession": "Open \"{{label}}\"",
+  "inbox.subtitle": "Approvals, questions, and notifications",
+  "inbox.tabConfigure": "Configure",
+  "inbox.tabPending": "Pending",
+  "scheduled.noAutomations": "No scheduled tasks yet — create one above.",
+  "sidebar.chronological": "Chronological",
+  "sidebar.clear": "Clear",
+  "sidebar.collapseSidebar": "Collapse sidebar",
+  "sidebar.dockSidebar": "Dock sidebar",
+  "sidebar.persona": "Persona",
+  "sidebar.signInToCloud": "Sign in to OpenWorker Cloud",
+  "sidebar.startSessionAs": "Start a session as",
+  "subscriptions.add": "Add",
+  "subscriptions.empty": "Not subscribed to any channel.",
+  "subscriptions.sessionTitle": "Channels this session listens to",
+  "subscriptions.unsubscribe": "Unsubscribe",
+  "quickstart.startFromTemplate": "Start from a template",
+  "quickstart.setUp": "Set up",
+  "quickstart.connectionsDeliverySchedule": "Connections, delivery & schedule",
+  "quickstart.deliverySchedule": "Delivery & schedule",
+  "quickstart.connected": "✓ Connected",
+  "quickstart.openingBrowser": "Opening browser…",
+  "quickstart.waitingFor": "Waiting for {{name}}…",
+  "quickstart.connect": "Connect",
+  "quickstart.finishConnecting": "Finish connecting {{name}} in your browser.",
+  "quickstart.approveAndComeBack": "Approve it there, then come back — this page updates by itself.",
+  "quickstart.cancel": "Cancel",
+  "quickstart.oneSigninUnlocksAll": "One sign-in unlocks every one-click connection",
+  "quickstart.brokeredByCloud": "Connections are brokered by OpenWorker Cloud — your tokens stay on this Mac.",
+  "quickstart.waitingForSignin": "Waiting for sign-in…",
+  "quickstart.finishSigningIn": "Finish signing in in your browser — this page updates by itself.",
+  "quickstart.repository": "Repository",
+  "quickstart.postToChannel": "Post to channel",
+  "quickstart.botMustBeMember": "The bot must be a member of the channel — invite @OpenWorker in Slack if it isn't.",
+  "quickstart.when": "When",
+  "quickstart.day": "Day",
+  "quickstart.time": "Time",
+  "quickstart.deliverTo": "Deliver to",
+  "quickstart.deliverApp": "In the app",
+  "quickstart.deliverSlack": "Slack DM (connect Slack later)",
+  "quickstart.consentText": "Allow this automation to post its digest to <b>{{channel}}</b> without asking each time. Anything else still asks first.",
+  "quickstart.consentBefore": "Allow this automation to post its digest to ",
+  "quickstart.consentAfter": " without asking each time. Anything else still asks first.",
+  "quickstart.theChannel": "the channel",
+  "quickstart.readsOnly": "This automation only reads on schedule — reading never needs approval.",
+  "quickstart.creating": "Creating…",
+  "quickstart.createAutomation": "Create automation",
+  "quickstart.connectToContinue": "Connect {{names}} to continue",
+  "quickstart.pickChannelFirst": "Pick a channel to post to first",
+  "quickstart.noConnectionsNeeded": "No connections needed",
+  "quickstart.github.title": "GitHub digest",
+  "quickstart.github.blurb": "Merged PRs and commits, posted to your team's Slack.",
+  "quickstart.github.cadence": "Weekly",
+  "quickstart.pipeline.title": "Pipeline digest",
+  "quickstart.pipeline.blurb": "Deals that moved — and deals going quiet — posted to Slack.",
+  "quickstart.pipeline.cadence": "Weekly",
+  "quickstart.brief.title": "Morning brief",
+  "quickstart.brief.blurb": "Calendar and unread email, summarized before your day starts.",
+  "quickstart.brief.cadence": "Daily",
+  "quickstart.news.title": "Morning news briefing",
+  "quickstart.news.blurb": "A 5-bullet tech & world news digest, saved as markdown.",
+  "quickstart.news.cadence": "Daily",
+  "quickstart.inboxdigest.title": "Inbox digest",
+  "quickstart.inboxdigest.blurb": "One short digest of your unread email.",
+  "quickstart.inboxdigest.cadence": "Weekdays",
+  "quickstart.cleanup.title": "Folder cleanup",
+  "quickstart.cleanup.blurb": "Sort recent Downloads into tidy folders by type.",
+  "quickstart.cleanup.cadence": "Weekly",
+  "quickstart.why.slack.digest": "Where the digest posts",
+  "quickstart.why.github.digest": "What the digest summarizes",
+  "quickstart.why.slack.pipeline": "Where the digest posts",
+  "quickstart.why.hubspot.pipeline": "Pipeline and deal activity",
+  "quickstart.why.google_calendar": "Today's meetings and gaps",
+  "quickstart.why.gmail.brief": "What arrived overnight",
+  "quickstart.why.gmail.inbox": "Your unread email",
+  "todo.tasks": "Tasks",
+  "updateBanner.readyToInstall": "OpenWorker v{{version}} is ready to install.",
+  "updateBanner.couldNotInstall": "The update couldn't be installed — it will be offered again next launch.",
+  "updateBanner.downloading": "Downloading…",
+  "updateBanner.restartToUpdate": "Restart to update",
+  "updateBanner.later": "Later",
+  "workspaceTrust.description": "This project asks OpenWorker to run the commands below without individual approval. Trust applies to future configuration changes at this exact folder until you revoke it in Settings.",
+  "workspaceTrust.saving": "Saving…",
+  "planCard.back": "Back",
+  "planCard.sendFeedback": "Send feedback",
+  "rootRow.temporarySpace": "Temporary space",
+  "rootRow.main": "main",
+  "rootRow.missing": "missing",
+  "rootRow.alwaysReadWrite": "The main workspace is always read-write",
+  "rootRow.toggleAccess": "Toggle read-only / read-write",
+  "rootRow.readWrite": "Read-write",
+  "rootRow.readOnly": "Read-only",
+  "rootRow.remove": "Remove",
+  "addFolder.writeHelp": "Off = read-only. Tick to let the agent write here.",
+  "addFolder.allowWrites": "Allow writes",
+  "folderGate.createDesc": "Pick a folder or enter a path. If the path doesn't exist, it will be created.",
+  "folderGate.needsWorkspace": "This coworker needs a workspace to read, edit, and run in.",
+  "folderGate.pathPlaceholder": "/path/to/your/project",
+  "folderGate.browse": "Browse…",
+  "folderGate.recent": "Recent",
+  "modelChecklist.default": "default",
+  "modelChecklist.defaultModelAlwaysShown": "The default model is always shown — make another model default first",
+  "modelChecklist.makeDefault": "Make default",
+  "modelChecklist.addAnotherModel": "Add another model…",
+  "modelChecklist.add": "Add",
+  "modelChecklist.modelFamily": "Model family",
+  "modelChecklist.claudeFamily": "Claude family",
+  "modelChecklist.otherModels": "Other models",
+  "modelChecklist.geminiFamily": "Gemini family",
+  "modelChecklist.openWeight": "Open-weight",
+  "inboxItem.kind_approval": "Approval",
+  "inboxItem.kind_question": "Question",
+  "inboxItem.kind_directory": "Directory",
+  "inboxItem.kind_plan": "Plan",
+  "inboxItem.kind_notification": "Notification",
+  "inboxItem.send": "Send",
+  "inboxItem.alwaysAllowTarget": "Always allow against {{target}} for \"{{title}}\" — revoke any time on its Automations page",
+  "inboxItem.thisAutomation": "this automation",
+  "inboxItem.orTypeYourOwn": "Or type your own answer…",
+  "inboxItem.yourAnswer": "Your answer…",
+  "inboxItem.grantNoFolder": "Grant (no folder)",
+  "inboxItem.noFolderSuggested": "No folder was suggested",
+  "inboxItem.reject": "Reject",
+  "access.title": "Access",
+  "access.sessionAccess": "Session access",
+  "access.sources": "Sources",
+  "access.noConnectors": "No connectors enabled for this session.",
+  "access.channelsCount": "Channels · {{count}}",
+  "access.enabledForSession": "Enabled for this session — tap to mute here",
+  "access.offMutesPrefix": "Off mutes it for",
+  "access.thisSessionOnly": "this session only",
+  "access.offMutesSuffix": " — the connector stays connected.",
+  "access.searchConnectors": "Search connectors…",
+  "access.noMatch": "No match — see all on the Connectors page below.",
+  "access.addSource": "+ Add a source…",
+  "access.recommended": "Recommended",
+  "access.core": "core",
+  "access.connect": "Connect",
+  "access.folders": "Folders",
+  "access.giveAccessFolder": "+ Give access to a folder…",
+  "access.manageAllConnectors": "Manage all connectors (global) →",
+  "access.noSources": "no sources",
+  "access.folderCount": "{{count}} folders",
+  "access.couldNotAddChannel": "Couldn't add that channel.",
+  "access.backToSources": "Back to sources",
+  "access.connectTitle": "Connect {{title}}",
+  "access.connectingMakes": "Connecting makes {{title}} available to all your coworkers — the toggle in this list controls just this session.",
+  "access.channelsLabel": "{{label}} channels",
+  "access.subscribedChannels": "Subscribed channels · {{count}}",
+  "access.notListening": "Not listening to any {{label}} channel yet.",
+  "access.collisionWarning": "This channel is also this session's Inbox-routing target — inbound and outbound collide.",
+  "access.stopListening": "Stop listening",
+  "access.addChannel": "Add a channel",
+  "access.addChannelBtn": "Add",
+  "access.channelHelp": "The agent receives messages posted to these channels. Removing one stops this session from listening — the connector stays connected.",
+  "gallery.couldNotLoadDetails": "could not load details",
+  "gallery.installFailed": "install failed",
+  "gallery.all": "All",
+  "gallery.fromOpenWorker": "From OpenWorker",
+  "gallery.fromTeam": "From your team",
+  "gallery.unreachable": "The gallery is unreachable right now — try again in a moment.",
+  "gallery.featured": "Featured",
+  "gallery.allPersonas": "All personas",
+  "gallery.installed": "Installed",
+  "gallery.viewAndInstall": "View & install →",
+  "gallery.nothingShared": "Nothing shared with your team yet.",
+  "gallery.noMatch": "No personas match your search.",
+  "gallery.noPersonasPublished": "No personas published yet.",
+  "gallery.teamTeaser": "From your team — nothing shared yet. Publishing a persona to your teammates is coming soon.",
+  "gallery.backToGallery": "← Gallery",
+  "gallery.installing": "Installing…",
+  "gallery.installedWaiting": "Installed — it's waiting in Personas, disabled until you approve and enable it.",
+  "gallery.whatItCanDo": "What it can do — verified from its manifest",
+  "gallery.readByParser": "Read by this app's own parser, so it matches exactly what the install consent will ask you to approve. No executable code is installed.",
+  "gallery.tools": "Tools: ",
+  "gallery.riskList": " · risk: {{list}}",
+  "gallery.permissions": "Permissions: ",
+  "gallery.mode": "mode",
+  "gallery.canUseMessaging": " · can use messaging",
+  "gallery.mcpList": " · MCP: {{list}}",
+  "gallery.worksWith": "Works with these connections:",
+  "gallery.coreSuffix": " · core",
+  "gallery.connectYourself": "You connect these yourself (one click when signed in) — installing the coworker grants it nothing until you do.",
+  "gallery.title": "Persona Gallery",
+  "gallery.subtitle": "Curated coworkers · installs stay disabled until you approve them",
+  "gallery.searchPersonas": "Search personas",
+  "gallery.closeGallery": "Close gallery",
+  "gallery.loadingGallery": "Loading the gallery…",
+  "gallery.signInToBrowse": "Sign in to browse the Gallery",
+  "gallery.signInDesc": "The Gallery is a curated set of coworkers from OpenWorker Cloud and needs a (free) cloud sign-in. Installing personas from a folder or Git URL — on the Personas page — always works without an account.",
+  "inboxConfig.unrouted": "Unrouted",
+  "inboxConfig.unroutedDesc": "Inbound messages and background-turn failures nothing claimed — nothing vanishes silently.",
+  "inboxConfig.unattendedApprovals": "Unattended approvals",
+  "inboxConfig.mirrorDesc": "Channel where an Unattended session posts Approve/Deny buttons. Currently mirroring to",
+  "inboxConfig.mirrorDescSuffix": ".",
+  "inboxConfig.inAppInboxOnly": "in-app Inbox only",
+  "inboxConfig.set": "Set",
+  "inboxConfig.clear": "clear",
+  "inboxConfig.chooseApprovalOwner": "Choose an approval owner under Integrations → Slack before routing approvals here.",
+  "inboxConfig.couldNotUpdate": "Could not update Inbox routing.",
+  "inboxConfig.couldNotClear": "Could not clear Inbox routing.",
+  "inboxConfig.directMessages": "Direct messages",
+  "inboxConfig.dmDesc": "Session that handles DMs to the bot. With none, DMs park under Unrouted below.",
+  "inboxConfig.noSessionParkDms": "No session — park DMs",
+  "inboxConfig.channelSubscriptions": "Channel subscriptions",
+  "inboxConfig.sessionsListen": "— sessions that listen to a channel (inbound)",
+  "inboxConfig.sessionColumn": "Session",
+  "inboxConfig.listensTo": "Listens to",
+  "inboxConfig.inboxRoutesTo": "Inbox routes to",
+  "inboxConfig.collides": "⚠ collides",
+  "inboxConfig.collisionTitle": "This channel is also your Inbox-routing target — inbound and outbound on one channel conflate broadcast with request/reply.",
+  "inboxConfig.noSubscriptions": "No channel subscriptions yet — add one below or ask a coworker to watch a channel.",
+  "inboxConfig.chooseSession": "Choose a session…",
+  "inboxConfig.subscribe": "+ Subscribe",
+  "inboxConfig.nothingHere": "Nothing here — no dropped messages or failed turns.",
+  "inboxConfig.when": "When",
+  "inboxConfig.source": "Source",
+  "inboxConfig.reason": "Reason",
+  "inboxConfig.message": "Message",
+  "automations.unseenRuns_one": "{{count}} new run",
+  "automations.unseenRuns_other": "{{count}} new runs",
+  "automations.unseenRunsFailed_one": "{{count}} new run — the latest failed",
+  "automations.unseenRunsFailed_other": "{{count}} new runs — the latest failed",
+  "settings.trustedWorkspacesCommands_one": "{{count}} project command allowance",
+  "settings.trustedWorkspacesCommands_other": "{{count}} project command allowances",
+  "common.unknown": "unknown",
+  "app.automation": "Automation",
+  "app.automationToastSub": "{{title}} · {{time}} run",
+  "app.contextCompacted": "Context compacted",
+  "app.compacting": "Compacting context…",
+  "skills.buildForMe": "Build a new skill for me: {{description}}",
+  "skills.buildForMeEmpty": "Build a new skill for me: (describe what the skill should do)",
+  "time.now": "now",
+  "composer.pdfTooBig": "{{name}} skipped — {{size}} MB is over your {{max}} MB limit (Settings → Token savings)",
+  "composer.pdfTooManyPages": "{{name}} skipped — {{pages}} pages is over your {{max}}-page limit (Settings → Token savings)",
+  "composer.pdfSkipped": "{{name}} skipped — {{error}}",
+  "composer.pdfReadError": "could not read PDF",
+  "composer.skills": "Skills",
+  "composer.loadingSkills": "Loading skills…",
+  "composer.noMatchingSkills": "No matching skills.",
+  "composer.contextFullTitle": "Context window {{pct}}% full · {{tokens}} tokens this session",
+  "composer.sessionTokensTitle": "Token usage this session: {{tokens}}",
+  "settings.skills": "Skills",
+  "settings.voicePrivateTitle": "Private by design.",
+  "settings.personasOpen": "Open →",
+  "settings.appearance": "Appearance",
+  "settings.contextCompaction": "Context compaction",
+  "settings.contextCompactionHelp": "Long sessions are compacted automatically: older turns are summarized so the coworker keeps working instead of running out of context. Your visible transcript is never changed — a small marker shows where compaction happened.",
+  "settings.compactAt": "Compact at",
+  "settings.compactThresholdUnit": "% of the context window",
+  "settings.compactOrAt": "or at",
+  "settings.compactCapUnit": "tokens, whichever is smaller",
+  "settings.compactCapHelp": "The cap makes very-large-context models compact early — quality and speed degrade well before their nominal limit.",
+  "settings.summarizerModel": "Summarizer model",
+  "settings.sessionOwnModel": "Session's own model (default)",
+  "settings.summarizerModelHelp": "The summary is written by this model. The default follows whatever model the session is using.",
+  "settings.composer": "Composer",
+  "settings.contextBarToggle": "Show the context window bar",
+  "settings.contextBarHelp": "A small meter showing how full the model's context window is. Turn it off to show this session's token total instead; either way the full breakdown is one click away.",
+  "intro.folderPrompt": "Analyze the files in this folder and summarize what matters.",
+  "intro.hubspotPrompt": "Create a report on my recent HubSpot leads: sources, stages, and who needs follow-up.",
+  "intro.githubSlackPrompt": "Set up a weekly progress report: summarize activity in my GitHub repos and post it to Slack every Friday morning.",
+  "inbox.subtitleDetail": "Approvals, questions, and notifications from your coworkers — including sessions running unattended.",
+  "inbox.kindApprovals": "Approvals",
+  "inbox.kindQuestions": "Questions",
+  "audit.noEvents": "No audit events yet.",
+  "scheduled.subtitleDetail": "Recurring tasks OpenWorker runs on a schedule.",
+  "scheduled.runsOnlyWhenUp": "Runs only while openworker-server is up — a missed schedule catches up once when it next starts.",
+  "scheduled.noTasksBefore": "No scheduled tasks yet — use a template above, click ",
+  "scheduled.noTasksAfter": ", or just ask OpenWorker in a session.",
+  "scheduled.deleteTitle": "Delete automation",
+  "scheduled.deleteLabel": "Delete {{title}}",
+  "scheduled.titleExample": "Title (e.g. Daily standup notes)",
+  "scheduled.instructionsExample": "What should it do each run? (e.g. Summarize today's calendar and open tasks.)",
+  "scheduled.titleLabel": "Title",
+  "scheduled.allowedDescDetail": "Standing approvals this automation may use — everything else still asks first.",
+  "scheduled.revokeTooltipDetail": "This automation will ask for approval again",
+  "scheduled.runsDescDetail": "Each run is a live conversation — open one to see what the agent did and ask a follow-up.",
+  "scheduled.openRunTooltipDetail": "Open this run's conversation",
+  "scheduled.runCount_one": "{{count}} run",
+  "scheduled.runCount_other": "{{count}} runs",
+  "scheduled.fileCount_one": "{{count}} file",
+  "scheduled.fileCount_other": "{{count}} files",
+  "quickstart.repoPlaceholder": "owner/repo",
+  "quickstart.connectedState": "connected",
+  "quickstart.notConnectedYet": "not connected yet",
+  "approval.savesToSkills": "saves to Settings ▸ Skills",
+  "approval.addToSkillsNote": "Approving adds it to your skills on this computer — usable in every conversation from then on.",
+  "approval.addToMySkills": "Add to my skills",
+  "approval.notNow": "Not now",
+  "approval.approvedWith": "Approved: {{resolution}}",
+  "access.folderCount_one": "{{count}} folder",
+  "access.folderCount_other": "{{count}} folders",
+  "onboarding.connectTools": "Connect your everyday tools",
+  "onboarding.toolsSub": "Chat can only advise. Connected, your coworker does the actual work:",
+  "setup.skipAnyway": "skip anyway",
+  "setup.youAreSignedInAs": "You're signed in as {{account}}",
+  "setup.connected": "Connected",
+  "setup.connect": "Connect",
+  "rightrail.progress": "Progress",
+  "rightrail.artifacts": "Artifacts",
+  "rightrail.artifactsCount": "Artifacts ({{count}})",
+  "rightrail.showFolder": "Show the folder where these files are saved",
+  "rightrail.refreshArtifacts": "Refresh artifacts",
+  "rightrail.noPreviewable": "No previewable files yet.",
+  "rightrail.working": "Working...",
+  "rightrail.toolCallsSoFar_one": "{{count}} tool call so far.",
+  "rightrail.toolCallsSoFar_other": "{{count}} tool calls so far.",
+  "rightrail.workingOnTask": "Working on this task.",
+  "rightrail.workingOnTaskWith_one": "Working on this task with {{count}} tool call so far.",
+  "rightrail.workingOnTaskWith_other": "Working on this task with {{count}} tool calls so far.",
+  "rightrail.progressPlaceholder": "For longer multi-step tasks, progress will appear here while OpenWorker plans, uses tools, waits for approval, and produces artifacts.",
+  "rightrail.backToArtifacts": "Back to artifacts",
+  "rightrail.reloadPreview": "Reload preview",
+  "rightrail.reload": "Reload",
+  "rightrail.openInDefaultApp": "Open in default app",
+  "rightrail.copyFullPath": "Copy full path",
+  "rightrail.showInFolder": "Show in folder",
+  "rightrail.folderEmpty": "This folder is empty.",
+  "rightrail.cantPreview": "This {{type}} file can't be previewed here.",
+  "rightrail.powerpoint": "PowerPoint",
+  "rightrail.word": "Word",
+  "rightrail.showingFirst": " Showing first {{max}} of {{total}} rows.",
+  "rightrail.emptyFile": "Empty file.",
+  "rightrail.couldNotRenderPdf": "Could not render PDF: {{error}}",
+  "rightrail.renderingPdf": "Rendering PDF…",
+  "rightrail.couldNotParseSpreadsheet": "Could not parse spreadsheet: {{error}}",
+  "rightrail.parsingSpreadsheet": "Parsing spreadsheet…",
+  "rightrail.emptySheet": "Empty sheet.",
+  "transcript.more": "more…",
+  "transcript.less": "less…",
+  "transcript.copyMessage": "Copy message",
+  "transcript.thinking": "Thinking…",
+  "transcript.thoughtProcess": "Thought process",
+  "transcript.declined": "declined",
+  "transcript.approved": "approved",
+  "transcript.approvedWith": "approved · {{detail}}",
+  "transcript.triedSkill": "Tried skill: ",
+  "transcript.notAvailable": " — not available",
+  "transcript.autoAllowed": "auto-allowed",
+  "transcript.autoAllowedTitle": "Auto-allowed by this automation's standing approval: {{rule}}. Revoke on its Automations page.",
+  "transcript.hiddenCount": "{{count}} hidden",
+  "transcript.hiddenTitle": "Removed by your privacy filters before the agent saw the results — agents get no trace of these.",
+  "transcript.raw": "raw",
+  "transcript.steps_one": "{{count}} step",
+  "transcript.steps_other": "{{count}} steps",
+  "transcript.runningSteps_one": "Running {{count}} step…",
+  "transcript.runningSteps_other": "Running {{count}} steps…",
+  "transcript.declinedCount": "{{count}} declined",
+  "transcript.hiddenByFilters": "{{count}} hidden by your filters",
+  "transcript.grantedFolderAccess": "Granted folder access",
+  "transcript.declinedFolderAccess": "Declined folder access",
+  "transcript.proposedPlan": "proposed plan",
+  "transcript.planApproved": "Plan approved",
+  "transcript.sentBackWithFeedback": "Sent back with feedback",
+  "time.justNow": "just now",
+  "time.minAgo": "{{count}}m ago",
+  "time.hourAgo": "{{count}}h ago",
+  "time.dayAgo": "{{count}}d ago",
+  "manageTabs.removeKeyConfirm": "Remove the {{name}} key from this computer?",
+  "manageTabs.removeKey": "Remove key…",
+  "manageTabs.envKeyBefore": "A key is set via ",
+  "manageTabs.envKeyAfter": " in this server's environment. You can override it above; the stored key is used only when the environment variable is absent.",
+  "manageTabs.modelsTickedHelp": "Ticked models show in the composer's picker; the black badge marks the default for new sessions.",
+  "manageTabs.includedModels": "Included models",
+  "manageTabs.curatedModelsHelp": "Curated, agent-capable models this provider serves — add your key above to enable them.",
+  "manageTabs.inComposerPicker": "In the composer's picker",
+  "manageTabs.composerPickerHelp": "The models offered when starting a session; the black badge marks the default. Add more from a provider's card above.",
+  "manageTabs.removeFromPicker": "Remove from the picker",
+  "manageTabs.granolaBlurb": "Meeting notes & transcripts — sign in with your Granola account.",
+  "manageTabs.mcpIntro": "External tool servers (stdio or HTTP), shared across all agents. Enabled servers' tools are permission-gated. Changes apply to new sessions — ",
+  "manageTabs.reloadNow": "reload now",
+  "manageTabs.noMcpServers": "No MCP servers configured.",
+  "manageTabs.addServer": "Add a server",
+  "manageTabs.addServerPlus": "+ Add server",
+  "manageTabs.connect": "Connect",
+  "manageTabs.enableServer": "Enable this server",
+  "manageTabs.signingIn": "signing in…",
+  "manageTabs.toolCount_one": " · {{count}} tool",
+  "manageTabs.toolCount_other": " · {{count}} tools",
+  "manageTabs.asksSuffix": " · asks",
+  "manageTabs.oauthSuffix": " · oauth",
+  "manageTabs.waitingForBrowser": "waiting for browser…",
+  "manageTabs.signOut": "sign out",
+  "manageTabs.hideTools": "hide tools",
+  "manageTabs.tools": "tools",
+  "manageTabs.remove": "remove",
+  "manageTabs.noTools": "No tools.",
+  "manageTabs.failedToConnect": "failed to connect",
+  "manageTabs.invalidJson": "Invalid JSON: {{error}}",
+  "manageTabs.pasteObjectHint": "Paste a `{ \"<name>\": { … } }` object (or a full mcpServers block).",
+  "manageTabs.pasteServerJson": "Paste server JSON (name → config):",
+  "manageTabs.add": "Add",
+  "manageTabs.cancel": "cancel",
+  "manageTabs.messagesNotAllowed": "Messages from senders you haven't allowed · {{count}}",
+  "manageTabs.inChannel": "in {{channel}}",
+  "manageTabs.allowDeliverTitle": "Add the sender to the allow-list and deliver this message now",
+  "manageTabs.allowAndDeliver": "Allow & deliver",
+  "manageTabs.allowOnlyTitle": "Add the sender to the allow-list; this message is discarded",
+  "manageTabs.allowOnly": "Allow only",
+  "manageTabs.dismissTitle": "Throw this message away",
+  "manageTabs.dismiss": "Dismiss",
+  "manageTabs.sessionsListening": "Sessions listening to {{channel}} channels · {{count}}",
+  "manageTabs.noListeningSessions": "None yet — open a session's Sources ▸ Channels to subscribe it to a channel.",
+  "manageTabs.unsubscribeSession": "Unsubscribe this session",
+  "manageTabs.allowedToMessage": "Allowed to message",
+  "manageTabs.nobodyYet": "nobody yet — Allow a recent sender →",
+  "manageTabs.idTitle": "id {{id}}",
+  "manageTabs.removeTitle": "remove",
+  "manageTabs.recentSenders": "Recent senders",
+  "manageTabs.noRecentSenders": "None yet. Message the bot once and it'll show here.",
+  "manageTabs.noConnectorTools": "No tools for this connector yet.",
+  "manageTabs.toolsExposed": "Tools exposed to OpenWorker",
+  "manageTabs.toolAsksApproval": "{{name}} · {{kind}} · asks approval",
+  "manageTabs.couldNotConnect": "could not connect",
+  "manageTabs.couldNotStartManaged": "could not start managed connect",
+  "manageTabs.couldNotStartConnect": "could not start the connect",
+  "manageTabs.connectWithOneClick": "Connect {{title}} with one click",
+  "manageTabs.orConnectManually": "or connect manually:",
+  "manageTabs.oneClickComingSoon": "One-click sign-in is coming soon — connect manually below for now:",
+  "manageTabs.signInUnlocksOneClick": "Sign-in unlocks the one-click {{title}} connect — or connect manually below.",
+  "manageTabs.optional": "(optional)",
+  "manageTabs.validating": "Validating…",
+  "personasTab.artwork": "{{slug}} artwork",
+  "personasTab.deleteFailed": "delete failed",
+  "personasTab.installFailed": "install failed",
+  "personasTab.installed_one": "Installed {{count}} persona — review and enable below.",
+  "personasTab.installed_other": "Installed {{count}} personas — review and enable below.",
+  "personasTab.intro": "Enable a coworker, then choose whether it appears in the new-session picker. The starred persona is the default for new sessions.",
+  "personasTab.defaultForNewSessions": "Default for new sessions",
+  "personasTab.builtIn": "· built-in",
+  "personasTab.inPicker": "In picker",
+  "personasTab.setDefault": "Set default",
+  "personasTab.configurePersona": "Configure {{name}}",
+  "personasTab.keep": "Keep",
+  "personasTab.deletePersonaTitle": "Delete this persona",
+  "personasTab.deletePersona": "Delete {{name}}",
+  "personasTab.disableArchives_one": "Disabling archives its {{count}} conversation — they stay available under “Show archived”.",
+  "personasTab.disableArchives_other": "Disabling archives its {{count}} conversations — they stay available under “Show archived”.",
+  "personasTab.keepEnabled": "Keep enabled",
+  "personasTab.addPersonas": "Add personas",
+  "personasTab.addHelp": "Load from a local directory or a public GitHub repo. Files are copied into a managed area (a snapshot), so the persona stays stable even if the source changes. No code runs — a persona only composes vetted tools.",
+  "personasTab.gitHubUrl": "GitHub URL",
+  "personasTab.localDirectory": "Local directory",
+  "personasTab.gitPlaceholder": "https://github.com/acme/ops-persona",
+  "personasTab.dirPlaceholder": "/path/to/personas",
+  "personasTab.installing": "Installing…",
+  "personasTab.tools": "Tools: {{list}}",
+  "personasTab.risk": "Risk: {{list}}",
+  "personasTab.riskRead": "read",
+  "personasTab.connectorsSuffix": " · connectors",
+  "personasTab.messagingSuffix": " · messaging",
+  "personasTab.mcpSuffix": " · mcp: {{list}}",
+  "personasTab.recommendedMode": "Recommended mode: {{mode}}. Enable it above to use it.",
+  "personaView.couldNotLoad": "Could not load this persona.",
+  "personaView.title": "Persona",
+  "personaView.enablePersona": "Enable this persona",
+  "personaView.about": "About",
+  "personaView.builtInCapabilities": "Built-in capabilities",
+  "personaView.connectionsForFullBenefit": "Connections for full benefit",
+  "personaView.connectionsHelp": "Declared by the persona — wire {{name}} into these to unlock its full workflow.",
+  "personaView.newSessionsDefault": "New sessions get by default",
+  "personaView.defaultConnectionsHelp": "When you start a {{name}} session these are enabled automatically. You can still mute any of them per session.",
+  "personaView.connectToEnable": " · connect to enable",
+  "personaView.onByDefault": "On by default for new sessions",
+  "personaView.connectFirst": "Connect this first",
+  "personaView.defaultMode": "Default mode",
+  "personaView.workspace": "Workspace",
+  "skills.somethingWentWrong": "Something went wrong.",
+  "skills.confirmation": "— the worker can now use it in every conversation.",
+  "skills.offNote": "turned off everywhere. If a conversation already used it, start a new one for a completely clean slate.",
+  "skills.deleteNote": "removed. If a conversation already used it, start a new one for a completely clean slate.",
+  "skills.skillDefault": "Skill",
+  "skills.title": "Skills",
+  "skills.subtitle": "Reusable instructions the worker can follow in every conversation. Off here means off everywhere.",
+  "skills.addSkill": "Add skill",
+  "skills.writeItMyself": "Write it myself",
+  "skills.writeItMyselfDesc": "A name, a description, and the instructions",
+  "skills.importFile": "Import a file",
+  "skills.importFileDesc": "A .zip or SKILL.md someone shared — you review before it installs",
+  "skills.createWithOpenWorker": "Create with OpenWorker",
+  "skills.createWithOpenWorkerDesc": "Starts a conversation — the worker builds it and asks before adding it to your skills",
+  "skills.uploadArchive": "Upload a skill archive",
+  "skills.reviewBeforeInstalling": "Review before installing",
+  "skills.reviewHelp": "Read the instructions — installing a skill means the worker will follow them.",
+  "skills.noDescription": "no description",
+  "skills.bundledFiles": "Bundled files: {{list}}",
+  "skills.installSkill": "Install skill",
+  "skills.newSkill": "New skill",
+  "skills.editSkill": "Edit {{name}}",
+  "skills.name": "Name",
+  "skills.namePlaceholder": "weekly-report",
+  "skills.description": "Description",
+  "skills.descriptionPlaceholder": "One line the worker uses to decide when this applies",
+  "skills.instructions": "Instructions",
+  "skills.instructionsPlaceholder": "1. Gather last week's updates\n2. Write the report, under 300 words",
+  "skills.saveSkill": "Save skill",
+  "skills.emptyBefore": "No skills yet — ",
+  "skills.emptyAfter": " teaches your worker its first one, like “prepare my Monday status report”.",
+  "skills.showFolder": "Show folder",
+  "skills.fileCount_one": "{{count}} file",
+  "skills.fileCount_other": "{{count}} files",
+  "skills.deleteSkill": "Delete {{name}}",
+  "skills.confirmDelete": "Confirm delete",
+  "skills.enabledState": "{{name}} enabled",
+  "channelPicker.placeholderLink": "slack:C0123 or channel link",
+  "channelPicker.inviteFull": "invite @ocw to this channel in Slack so it can listen",
+  "connectorCard.via": "via {{label}}",
+  "providers.connected": "✓ Connected",
+  "providers.lastUsed": " · used {{used}}",
+  "providers.running": "✓ Running",
+  "providers.notSetUp": "Not set up",
+  "providers.savedPill": "✓ Saved",
+  "providers.testedAndSaved": "✓ Tested & saved",
+  "providers.detected": "✓ Detected",
+  "providers.test": "Test",
+  "providers.detect": "Detect",
+  "providers.allProviders": "‹ All providers",
+  "providers.copyCommand": "Copy command",
+  "providers.checkSaves": "Runs one read-only check, then saves.",
+  "providers.noKeyYet": "No key yet?",
+  "providers.createOneAt": "Create one at {{label}} ↗",
+  "providers.takesAMinute": "— takes about a minute.",
+  "providers.noKeyNeededOllama": "No API key needed — Ollama runs models on this computer.",
+  "providers.installOllama": "Install Ollama ↗",
+  "providers.customEndpoint": "Custom endpoint ⌄",
+  "providers.unreachable": "unreachable",
+  "providers.couldntVerify": "couldn't verify",
+  "conn.backToConnectors": "‹ Connectors",
+  "conn.available": "Available",
+  "conn.connectedCount": "Connected · {{count}}",
+  "conn.nothingMatches": "Nothing matches.",
+  "conn.moreCount": "{{count}} more ·",
+  "conn.showAll": "show all",
+  "conn.signInNeeded": "● Sign-in needed",
+  "conn.offline": "● Offline",
+  "conn.reconnecting": "● Reconnecting",
+  "conn.token": "⚠ Token",
+  "conn.live": "● Live",
+  "conn.ready": "● Ready",
+  "conn.signInUnlocksFull": "Sign-in unlocks one-click connects — or switch to Manual, which works without it.",
+  "conn.notConnected": "Not connected",
+  "conn.builtIn": "Built in",
+  "conn.disconnect": "Disconnect",
+  "conn.accounts": "Accounts",
+  "conn.addAccount": "＋ Add account",
+  "conn.addAccountTitle": "Sign in to OpenWorker Cloud for one-click — or add a token below",
+  "conn.addAccountComingSoon": "＋ Add account · Coming soon",
+  "conn.addManually": "Add manually",
+  "conn.addAnAccount": "Add an account",
+  "conn.accountsFooter": "Each account stays separate — tool results and approvals name the account they used.",
+  "conn.accountsCount_one": "{{count}} account",
+  "conn.accountsCount_other": "{{count}} accounts",
+  "conn.makeDefault": "Make default",
+  "conn.disconnectAccountTitle": "Disconnect this account",
+  "conn.oneClick": "One click",
+  "conn.connect": "Connect",
+  "conn.couldNotStartInstall": "could not start the install",
+  "conn.mcpOpens": "Opens {{title}} in your browser — sign in and approve access there. No tokens typed, and no OpenWorker account needed: the sign-in runs entirely on this computer.",
+  "conn.mcpToolsNote": "agents get a curated set of {{title}} tools · tokens stay on this computer",
+  "conn.opensApprove": "Opens {{title}} in your browser — approve access there. No tokens typed; connect again with another account to add it alongside.",
+  "conn.tokensStay": "tokens stay on this computer",
+  "conn.slackOpens": "Opens Slack in your browser — approve @ocw for the workspace. No tokens; works for any number of workspaces.",
+  "conn.addToSlack": "Add to Slack",
+  "conn.relayTokensStay": "relay · tokens stay on this computer",
+  "conn.githubOpens": "Opens GitHub in your browser — approve OpenWorker there. An existing @ocw-agent App installation links right up; otherwise you'll pick an account and repos. No tokens typed; the agent acts as ocw-agent[bot].",
+  "conn.connectGithub": "Connect GitHub",
+  "conn.relayShortLived": "relay · short-lived tokens, never stored",
+  "conn.hubspotOpens": "Opens HubSpot in your browser — pick the portal there. What agents may do is chosen NOW, at consent:",
+  "conn.hubspotReadOnly": "Read-only",
+  "conn.hubspotReadOnlyDesc": "search and read contacts, companies, deals, tickets",
+  "conn.hubspotReadWrite": "Read & write",
+  "conn.hubspotReadWriteDesc": "adds: log notes and tasks, update records, create contacts — never delete",
+  "conn.connectHubspot": "Connect HubSpot",
+  "conn.anyPortals": "Works for any number of portals · tokens stay on this computer",
+  "conn.slackManualStep1": "Create an app at api.slack.com/apps",
+  "conn.slackManualStep2": "Enable Socket Mode, add bot scopes, install it to your workspace",
+  "conn.slackManualStep3": "Paste both tokens",
+  "conn.botTokenPlaceholder": "Bot token · xoxb-…",
+  "conn.appTokenPlaceholder": "App token · xapp-…",
+  "conn.oneModeAtATime": "One mode at a time — this pauses any relay workspaces.",
+  "conn.keysStoredOnly": "Keys and tokens are stored only on this computer. Disconnect anytime.",
+  "conn.tools": "Tools",
+  "conn.toolsCount_one": "{{count}} tool this connector adds",
+  "conn.toolsCount_other": "{{count}} tools this connector adds",
+  "conn.asksFirst": "asks first",
+  "conn.gcalOneClickSoon": "One-click Google sign-in is coming soon",
+  "conn.signInCloudFirst": "Sign in to OpenWorker Cloud first",
+  "conn.signInWithGoogle": "Sign in with Google — each account stays separate, agents say which one they use.",
+  "conn.requiresCloudSignIn": " Requires cloud sign-in.",
+  "conn.signInAgain": "⚠ Sign in again",
+  "conn.calendarFooter": "Creating, changing, or deleting events always asks for your approval first, and the approval names the account.",
+  "conn.workspacesRelay_one": "{{count}} workspace · relay",
+  "conn.workspacesRelay_other": "{{count}} workspaces · relay",
+  "conn.portalsCount_other": "{{count}} portals",
+  "conn.portalsCount_one": "{{count}} portal",
+  "conn.liveManagedRelay": "Live · managed relay",
+  "conn.relaySignInNeeded": "Sign-in needed — relaying is paused",
+  "conn.relayOffline": "Offline — can't reach the relay",
+  "conn.relayReconnecting": "Reconnecting to the relay…",
+  "conn.connectedPat": "Connected · personal access token",
+  "conn.addInstallation": "＋ Add installation",
+  "conn.addInstallationTitle": "Add an installation",
+  "conn.githubIntro": "One @ocw-agent App, installed per account or org — you pick the repos on GitHub; each installation keeps its own allow-list.",
+  "conn.githubCloudNeed": " One-click needs cloud sign-in; a PAT works without it.",
+  "conn.listening": "Listening",
+  "conn.githubTriggers": "Triggers: @ocw-agent mentions and the “ocw-agent” label. The agent replies as ocw-agent[bot].",
+  "conn.installationId": "installation {{id}}",
+  "conn.allRepos": "all repos",
+  "conn.selectedRepos": "selected repos",
+  "conn.installationRevoked": "⚠ Installation revoked — reinstall",
+  "conn.githubNobodyAllowed": "No one allowed yet — @ocw-agent mentions show up here for your OK.",
+  "conn.disconnectInstallationTitle": "Stops relaying this installation to this computer. The App stays installed on GitHub.",
+  "conn.disconnecting": "Disconnecting…",
+  "conn.disconnectInstallation": "Disconnect installation",
+  "conn.people": "People",
+  "conn.nobodyYetGithub": "nobody yet — approve a waiting sender below",
+  "conn.waiting": "Waiting",
+  "conn.inChat": "in {{name}}",
+  "conn.allowDeliverMentionTitle": "Allow the sender and deliver this mention now",
+  "conn.allowMentionTitle": "Allow the sender; this mention is discarded",
+  "conn.githubPatCard": "Personal access token · tools only. Install the GitHub App to let @-mentions and the agent label reach this computer.",
+  "conn.gmailSignInWithGoogle": "Sign in with Google — each mailbox stays separate, agents say which one they use.",
+  "conn.disconnectMailbox": "Disconnect this mailbox",
+  "conn.neverShowAgents": "Never show agents",
+  "conn.senders": "Senders",
+  "conn.sendersPlaceholder": "name@example.com or @domain.com",
+  "conn.labels": "Labels",
+  "conn.labelsPlaceholder": "Label name, e.g. Personal",
+  "conn.gmailFiltersEnforced": "Filters are enforced on this computer, before an agent sees results. Hidden counts show on the tool card and in Activity — never the content.",
+  "conn.gmailFiltersSilently": "Matching email is silently left out of what agents read — no trace they could probe.",
+  "conn.addPortal": "＋ Add portal",
+  "conn.addPortalTitle": "Add a portal",
+  "conn.hubspotIntro": "Connect a portal — read-only or read & write is chosen at consent; there are no delete tools either way.",
+  "conn.portals": "Portals",
+  "conn.sandbox": "Sandbox",
+  "conn.readAndWrite": "read & write",
+  "conn.privateApp": "private app",
+  "conn.disconnectPortal": "Disconnect this portal",
+  "conn.accessAndPrivacy": "Access & privacy",
+  "conn.hiddenFields": "Hidden fields",
+  "conn.propertyPlaceholder": "Property name, e.g. salary",
+  "conn.hubspotHiddenFooter": "Stripped from every record agents read, across all portals.",
+  "conn.hubspotFooter": "Hidden fields never reach an agent; stripped counts land in Activity. To limit what a HUMAN teammate could ask for, use HubSpot permission sets on the connected user.",
+  "conn.hubId": "hub {{id}}",
+  "conn.socketModeManual": "Connected · Socket Mode (manual tokens)",
+  "conn.addWorkspace": "＋ Add workspace",
+  "conn.addWorkspaceTitle": "Add a workspace",
+  "conn.slackIntro": "One @ocw app, installed per workspace — each keeps its own allow-list.",
+  "conn.slackCloudNeed": " One-click needs cloud sign-in; Manual works without it.",
+  "conn.workspace": "workspace",
+  "conn.manualTokens": "· manual tokens",
+  "conn.namesFromSlack": "Names come from Slack automatically. IDs show on hover.",
+  "conn.tokenRevokedReinstall": "⚠ Token revoked — reinstall",
+  "conn.slackNobodyAllowed": "No one allowed yet — mentions of the bot show up here for your OK.",
+  "conn.disconnectWorkspaceTitle": "Stops relaying this workspace to this computer. The app stays installed in Slack.",
+  "conn.disconnectWorkspace": "Disconnect workspace",
+  "conn.slackNobodyYet": "nobody yet — pick a name, or approve a waiting sender below",
+  "conn.you": "you",
+  "conn.youSuffix": "· you",
+  "conn.ownerProtectedTitle": "Remove approval-owner access before removing this person.",
+  "conn.ownerSuffix": "· owner",
+  "conn.addPerson": "＋ Add person",
+  "conn.pickFromDirectory": "Pick from the workspace directory",
+  "conn.typeName": "Type a name…",
+  "conn.directoryUnavailable": "directory unavailable",
+  "conn.couldNotAddPerson": "could not add person",
+  "conn.noMatches": "no matches",
+  "conn.guest": "guest",
+  "conn.directoryStaysLocal": "From your workspace directory — stays on this computer.",
+  "conn.approvals": "Approvals",
+  "conn.chooseApprovalOwner": "Choose at least one owner before routing Inbox approvals to Slack.",
+  "conn.installerSuffix": "· installer",
+  "conn.removeApprovalOwnerTitle": "remove approval owner",
+  "conn.addOwner": "＋ Add owner",
+  "conn.setByInstaller": "Set by the workspace installer.",
+  "conn.couldNotRemoveApprovalOwner": "could not remove approval owner",
+  "conn.allowDeliverMessageTitle": "Allow the sender and deliver this message now",
+  "conn.allowMessageTitle": "Allow the sender; this message is discarded",
+  "conn.toolsEnabled": "{{enabled}} of {{total}} enabled",
+  "conn.read": "read",
+  "conn.hiwTitle": "Getting started with Slack & OpenWorker",
+  "conn.hiwShowTitle": "Show how mentions work",
+  "conn.hiwCollapseTitle": "Collapse — reopen anytime",
+  "conn.hiwHowItWorks": "How it works",
+  "conn.hiwWorkspace": "Workspace",
+  "conn.hiwConnected": "connected",
+  "conn.hiwOnPeople": " — you're on the People list, so your mentions get through.",
+  "conn.hiwMentionsReach": " — here's how mentions reach you.",
+  "conn.hiwTabMention": "Mention → session",
+  "conn.hiwTabThreads": "Threads stay connected",
+  "conn.hiwTabTeammates": "Allow teammates",
+  "conn.hiwCaptionMention": "Mention @OpenWorker in any channel it's invited to — a session opens here, and the answer lands back in Slack as a thread.",
+  "conn.hiwCaptionThreads": "Mention it again inside the thread — the conversation continues in the same session, context intact. The thread is the session.",
+  "conn.hiwCaptionTeammates": "Teammates aren't auto-trusted: their first mention waits for your OK, then they're on the People list.",
+  "conn.hiwThreads": "Threads",
+  "conn.hiwDraftsSent": "Drafts & sent",
+  "conn.hiwChannels": "Channels",
+  "conn.hiwDirectMessages": "Direct messages",
+  "conn.hiwAgentsApps": "Agents & apps",
+  "conn.hiwSlackSearch": "⌕ Describe what you are looking for",
+  "conn.hiwNewSession": "＋ New session",
+  "conn.hiwSearch": "⌕ Search",
+  "conn.hiwAutomations": "◷ Automations",
+  "conn.hiwRecent": "RECENT",
+  "conn.hiwStickyMention": "a @mention starts a NEW session →",
+  "conn.hiwStickyThread": "the answer comes back as a thread ↑",
+  "conn.hiwStickySameConv": "chatting in the thread continues the SAME conversation →",
+  "conn.hiwStickyFirstTime": "first-time senders wait for your OK",
+  "conn.hiwMembers": "· {{count}} members",
+  "conn.hiwToday": "Today",
+  "conn.hiwTodayAt": "Today at {{time}}",
+  "conn.hiwReplies_one": "{{count}} reply",
+  "conn.hiwReplies_other": "{{count}} replies",
+  "conn.hiwSummarizeThread": "summarize this thread",
+  "conn.hiwMentionSummarize": "@OpenWorker summarize this thread",
+  "conn.hiwMessageChannel": "Message #{{channel}}",
+  "conn.hiwThread": "Thread",
+  "conn.hiwLaunchTraction": "Launch traction: signups up 3.4× since the post…",
+  "conn.hiwLaunchTractionShort": "Launch traction: signups up 3.4×…",
+  "conn.hiwReply": "Reply…",
+  "conn.hiwSummarizeChannel": "Summarize #{{channel}}",
+  "conn.hiwViaSlackNow": "via Slack · now",
+  "conn.hiwViaSlack": "via Slack",
+  "conn.hiwReadingThread": "Reading the thread… signups up 3.4×, top referrer is the press page.",
+  "conn.hiwReplyingInThread": "(replying in the Slack thread)",
+  "conn.hiwMessageOpenWorker": "Message OpenWorker…",
+  "conn.hiwBreakDown": "break it down by country?",
+  "conn.hiwTopCountries": "Top: US 41% · India 22% · Germany 9%…",
+  "conn.hiwSignupsShort": "…signups up 3.4×, top referrer is the press page.",
+  "conn.hiwViaSlackSameSession": "via Slack — same session",
+  "conn.hiwTopCountriesFull": "Top countries: US 41%, India 22%, Germany 9% — context kept from the whole thread.",
+  "conn.hiwPullSignups": "pull the signup numbers?",
+  "conn.hiwAfterYouAllow": "after you allow",
+  "conn.hiwSlackWorkspace": "Slack — {{name}}",
+  "conn.hiwIsWaitingSuffix": "is waiting",
+  "conn.hiwWaitCaption": "Each teammate's <b>first</b> mention waits for your OK — then they're on the People list and it flows.",
+  "conn.hiwSignups": "signups are spiking since the post 📈"
+}
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/locales/zh.json b/surfaces/gui/src/locales/zh.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..46378204
--- /dev/null
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/locales/zh.json
@@ -0,0 +1,1499 @@
+{
+  "app.name": "OpenWorker",
+  "app.beta": "测试版",
+  "welcome.title": "欢迎使用 OpenWorker",
+  "welcome.subtitle": "选择一个模型提供商开始使用 — OpenWorker 运行在您自己的密钥上，您的密钥和数据始终保留在您的 Mac 上。",
+  "welcome.modelsCanBeEnabled": "模型可随时在设置 ▸ 模型 中启用或隐藏。",
+  "setup.skip": "跳过设置",
+  "setup.skipConfirm": "没有模型就无法工作 — ",
+  "setup.next": "下一步",
+  "setup.checking": "检查中…",
+  "setup.continueWithoutSignin": "不登录继续",
+  "setup.signInForConnections": "登录以获得一键连接",
+  "setup.signInDesc": "OpenWorker 为 20 多种工具处理 OAuth — 无需开发者控制台，无需粘贴密钥。令牌保留在此 Mac 上。",
+  "setup.openingBrowser": "正在打开浏览器…",
+  "setup.waiting": "等待中…",
+  "setup.cancel": "取消",
+  "setup.signIn": "登录",
+  "setup.youAreSignedIn": "您已登录",
+  "setup.toolsConnected": "上方一键连接工具 — 或稍后随时从连接器页面添加。",
+  "setup.toolsNotSignedIn": "连接器页面有 30 多种工具 — 随时添加或移除。令牌保留在此 Mac 上。",
+  "setup.doneTitle": "设置完成",
+  "setup.doneSubtitle": "两种开始方式：",
+  "setup.createAutomation": "创建您的第一个自动化",
+  "setup.createAutomationDesc": "周报、早间简报 — 选择模板，两分钟即可运行。",
+  "setup.startWorking": "开始使用 Coworker 工作",
+  "setup.startWorkingDesc": "打开会话直接提问 — 分析文件、起草、研究、构建。",
+  "setup.replaySetup": "随时重播此设置：设置 ▸ 外观 ▸ 重新运行设置。",
+  "toolRows.outlook": "掌握邮件动态",
+  "toolRows.outlookDetail": "Outlook — 分拣邮件、起草回复、管理日历。",
+  "toolRows.slack": "跟上 Slack 动态",
+  "toolRows.slackDetail": "Slack — 追赶进度、回复提及、发布更新。",
+  "toolRows.github": "交付代码",
+  "toolRows.githubDetail": "GitHub — 审查 PR、关注 Issue、回复 @提及。",
+  "toolRows.notion": "让笔记触手可及",
+  "toolRows.notionDetail": "Notion — 搜索页面、查询数据库、起草文档。",
+  "toolRows.hubspot": "保持 CRM 更新",
+  "toolRows.hubspotDetail": "HubSpot — 更新交易、记录笔记、准备通话。",
+  "toolRows.attio": "追踪每段关系",
+  "toolRows.attioDetail": "Attio — 搜索记录、阅读时间线、记录笔记。",
+  "toolRows.gmailCalendar": "Gmail 和 Google 日历",
+  "toolRows.gmailCalendarDetail": "即将推出 — 等待 Google 应用验证。",
+  "toolRows.comingSoon": "即将推出",
+  "sidebar.pinned": "已固定",
+  "sidebar.recent": "最近",
+  "sidebar.scheduled": "计划",
+  "sidebar.search": "搜索",
+  "sidebar.newSession": "新会话",
+  "sidebar.managePersonas": "管理人设…",
+  "sidebar.groupBy": "分组方式",
+  "sidebar.groupByPersona": "人设",
+  "sidebar.groupByChronological": "按时间",
+  "sidebar.filterByCoworker": "按同事筛选",
+  "sidebar.clearFilter": "清除",
+  "sidebar.noConversations": "暂无对话。",
+  "sidebar.noMatching": "无匹配的对话。",
+  "sidebar.showMore": "显示更多 ({{count}})",
+  "sidebar.showLess": "显示较少",
+  "sidebar.projects": "项目",
+  "sidebar.newProject": "新建项目",
+  "sidebar.noProjects": "暂无项目 — 点击上方 + 新建。",
+  "sidebar.noConversationsInProject": "此项目暂无对话。",
+  "sidebar.archived": "已归档 ({{count}})",
+  "sidebar.attentionBadge": "{{count}} 项等待您的关注",
+  "sidebar.liveWorking": "正在工作",
+  "sidebar.liveSleeping": "休眠中 (将自动唤醒)",
+  "sidebar.originSlack": "来自 Slack",
+  "sidebar.accountMenuSignIn": "登录",
+  "sidebar.accountMenuNotSignedIn": "未登录 — 一键连接需要 OpenWorker Cloud",
+  "sidebar.accountMenuSignedInAs": "{{email}} · OpenWorker Cloud",
+  "sidebar.accountMenuInbox": "收件箱",
+  "sidebar.accountMenuConnectors": "连接器",
+  "sidebar.accountMenuSettings": "设置",
+  "sidebar.accountMenuRunSetupAgain": "重新运行设置",
+  "sidebar.accountMenuQuit": "退出 OpenWorker",
+  "session.new": "新会话",
+  "session.rename": "重命名",
+  "session.pin": "固定",
+  "session.unpin": "取消固定",
+  "session.archive": "归档",
+  "session.unarchive": "取消归档",
+  "session.delete": "删除",
+  "session.deleteConfirm": "删除?",
+  "session.selectTitle": "选择会话",
+  "composer.placeholder": "询问同事…（拖放或粘贴文件）",
+  "composer.attachments": "附件",
+  "composer.noModel": "无模型",
+  "composer.configureModel": "配置模型",
+  "composer.send": "发送",
+  "composer.stop": "停止",
+  "composer.retry": "重试",
+  "composer.mode": "模式",
+  "composer.model": "模型",
+  "settings.title": "设置",
+  "settings.general": "通用",
+  "settings.models": "模型",
+  "settings.voice": "语音输入",
+  "settings.personas": "人设",
+  "settings.theme": "主题",
+  "settings.themeLight": "浅色",
+  "settings.themeDark": "深色",
+  "settings.themeAuto": "自动",
+  "settings.themeAutoDesc": "自动跟随您的 Mac 外观。",
+  "settings.sidebar": "侧边栏",
+  "settings.sidebarConversationsPerCoworker": "每位同事显示的对话数",
+  "settings.sidebarConversationsPerCoworkerHelp": "较长的列表会折叠在\"显示更多\"后面。对每位同事和每个项目分别生效。",
+  "settings.files": "文件",
+  "settings.filesScratchLocation": "临时文件位置",
+  "settings.filesPlaceholder": "~/OpenWorker",
+  "settings.filesBrowse": "浏览",
+  "settings.filesSave": "保存",
+  "settings.filesHelp": "每个对话在此位置下获得独立文件夹。现有对话保留当前文件夹；您可在任何对话中授权更多文件夹。",
+  "settings.trustedWorkspaces": "受信工作区",
+  "settings.trustedWorkspacesHelp": "受信项目可在 .coworker/config.toml 中管理命令授权。",
+  "settings.trustedWorkspacesNone": "暂无受信工作区。",
+  "settings.trustedWorkspacesLoading": "加载中…",
+  "settings.trustedWorkspacesRevoke": "撤销",
+  "settings.trustedWorkspacesNoCommands": "当前未声明项目命令授权",
+  "settings.trustedWorkspacesUnavailable": " · 文件夹不可用",
+  "settings.alwaysOn": "常驻",
+  "settings.openAtLogin": "登录时打开",
+  "settings.openAtLoginDesc": "登录时自动启动 OpenWorker。",
+  "settings.keepAwake": "保持系统唤醒",
+  "settings.keepAwakeDesc": "防止休眠，以便定时任务按时触发。",
+  "settings.setupUpdates": "设置与更新",
+  "settings.runSetupAgain": "重新运行设置",
+  "settings.runSetupAgainHelp": "重播首次运行设置：模型、首个自动化、提示。",
+  "settings.checkForUpdates": "检查更新",
+  "settings.checking": "检查中…",
+  "settings.updateFound": "更新到 v{{version}} 并重启",
+  "settings.upToDate": "已是最新版本。",
+  "settings.updateError": "暂时无法检查 — 稍后再试。",
+  "settings.updating": "下载中 — OpenWorker 准备好后自动重启。",
+  "settings.tokenSavings": "节省 Token",
+  "settings.tokenSavingsHelp": "PDF 附件随对话每一轮传输，大文档会成倍增加 Token 开销。",
+  "settings.pdfFallback": "无原生 PDF 支持的模型的 PDF 处理",
+  "settings.pdfFallbackText": "提取文本",
+  "settings.pdfFallbackImages": "发送页面图片",
+  "settings.pdfFallbackHelp": "Claude、GPT 和 Gemini 原生读取 PDF — 此设置仅对不支持的模型生效 (GLM、Kimi、DeepSeek、本地模型…)。文本提取最便宜；页面图片消耗更多 Token 且需要视觉能力模型。",
+  "settings.pdfMaxPages": "最大页数",
+  "settings.pdfMaxMb": "最大大小",
+  "settings.pdfMaxMbUnit": "MB",
+  "settings.pdfLimitsHelp": "超出限制的 PDF 不会被附加 — 编辑器中会显示提示。",
+  "settings.voiceInput": "语音输入",
+  "settings.voiceInputSub": "在编辑器中自然语音。录音和转写保留在本地设备。",
+  "settings.voicePrivate": "隐私优先设计。录音仅在内存中保留，本地转写。",
+  "settings.voiceThisDevice": "此设备",
+  "settings.voiceCompatibility": "{{summary}}",
+  "settings.voiceCompatibilityReason": "{{reason}}",
+  "settings.voiceCompatible": "● 兼容",
+  "settings.voiceUnsupported": "不支持",
+  "settings.voiceRequirementsMac": "Mac",
+  "settings.voiceRequirementsMacDesc": "macOS 12+ · Apple Silicon M1+",
+  "settings.voiceRequirementsWindows": "Windows",
+  "settings.voiceRequirementsWindowsDesc": "Windows 10 22H2/11 · x64",
+  "settings.voiceRequirementsMemory": "内存",
+  "settings.voiceRequirementsMemoryDesc": "推荐 8 GB",
+  "settings.voiceRequirementsProcessor": "处理器",
+  "settings.voiceRequirementsProcessorDesc": "推荐 4 CPU 核心",
+  "settings.voiceModel": "Whisper Base · 英语",
+  "settings.voiceModelInstalled": "已安装并验证 · {{size}}",
+  "settings.voiceModelNotInstalled": "本地语音模型 · {{size}}",
+  "settings.voiceModelVerified": "已验证",
+  "settings.voiceModelRepair": "修复",
+  "settings.voiceModelDelete": "删除",
+  "settings.voiceModelDownload": "下载模型",
+  "settings.voiceModelCancel": "取消",
+  "settings.voiceModelVerifying": "验证中…",
+  "settings.voiceMicTest": "麦克风测试",
+  "settings.voiceMicTestReady": "您的麦克风和本地转录引擎工作正常。",
+  "settings.voiceMicTestNotReady": "录制一句短语以启用合成器麦克风。",
+  "settings.voiceMicTestReadyBadge": "● 就绪",
+  "settings.voiceMicTestStop": "停止并检查",
+  "settings.voiceMicTestTranscribing": "转写中…",
+  "settings.voiceMicTestTestAgain": "再次测试",
+  "settings.voiceMicTestButton": "测试麦克风",
+  "settings.voiceMicListening": "● 正在聆听…请说一句短语，然后停止。",
+  "settings.voiceTranscriptPrefix": "“{{transcript}}”",
+  "settings.personasSub": "启用并显示在选择器中的同事，以及安装新的人设包。",
+  "settings.personasBrowseGallery": "浏览人设库",
+  "settings.personasBrowseGalleryDesc": "OpenWorker 团队精选同事 — 安装前可查看各自能力。",
+  "settings.personasGalleryTitle": "人设库",
+  "models.title": "模型",
+  "models.subtitle": "提供商及编辑器选择器中的模型。密钥仅存储在本机。",
+  "models.tokenSavings": "节省 Token",
+  "providers.gallery": "选择模型提供商",
+  "providers.formTitle": "{{name}} 设置",
+  "providers.apiKey": "API 密钥",
+  "providers.apiKeyPlaceholder": "粘贴您的 {{name}} API 密钥",
+  "providers.testAndSave": "测试并保存",
+  "providers.testing": "测试中…",
+  "providers.saved": "已保存",
+  "providers.verified": "已验证",
+  "providers.error": "错误: {{error}}",
+  "providers.keyless": "无需密钥",
+  "providers.keylessDesc": "此提供商无需 API 密钥即可工作 (如通过 Ollama 使用本地模型)。",
+  "providers.selectProvider": "选择提供商以继续",
+  "providers.back": "返回",
+  "inbox.title": "收件箱",
+  "inbox.empty": "暂无待关注事项。",
+  "inbox.itemApproval": "需要批准",
+  "inbox.itemDirectory": "请求目录访问",
+  "inbox.itemPlan": "提出计划",
+  "inbox.itemQuestion": "提问",
+  "inbox.resolve": "解决",
+  "inbox.approve": "批准",
+  "inbox.deny": "拒绝",
+  "inbox.grant": "授予",
+  "inbox.approvePlan": "批准计划",
+  "inbox.rejectPlan": "拒绝计划",
+  "inbox.answerQuestion": "回答",
+  "integrations.title": "集成",
+  "integrations.connectors": "连接器",
+  "integrations.messaging": "消息",
+  "integrations.mcp": "MCP 服务器",
+  "integrations.activity": "活动",
+  "automations.title": "自动化",
+  "automations.createFirst": "创建您的第一个自动化",
+  "automations.createNew": "创建自动化",
+  "automations.schedule": "计划",
+  "automations.runNow": "立即运行",
+  "audit.title": "审计",
+  "audit.empty": "暂无活动。",
+  "approval.approve": "批准",
+  "approval.deny": "拒绝",
+  "approval.alwaysAllow": "始终允许",
+  "approval.alwaysDeny": "始终拒绝",
+  "approval.once": "仅此一次",
+  "directory.grant": "授予",
+  "directory.deny": "拒绝",
+  "plan.approve": "批准计划",
+  "plan.reject": "拒绝计划",
+  "plan.mode": "模式",
+  "plan.feedback": "反馈 (可选)",
+  "question.answer": "回答",
+  "question.options": "选项",
+  "question.allowText": "允许自由文本",
+  "question.multiSelect": "多选",
+  "toast.automationStarted": "{{title}} 已启动",
+  "toast.viewRun": "查看运行",
+  "error.generic": "错误: {{error}}",
+  "error.retriable": "错误: {{error}} (可重试)",
+  "interrupted": "已中断。",
+  "maxIterations": "已停止: 达到最大迭代次数。",
+  "modelSwitched": "模型已切换",
+  "inputRejected": "该消息被拒绝。",
+  "status.connected": "已连接",
+  "status.connecting": "连接中…",
+  "status.disconnected": "已断开",
+  "folderGate.title": "选择文件夹",
+  "folderGate.subtitle": "Code 需要一个项目文件夹来工作。选择现有文件夹或新建一个。",
+  "folderGate.createNew": "新建文件夹",
+  "folderGate.pickExisting": "选择现有文件夹",
+  "folderGate.create": "创建",
+  "folderGate.cancel": "取消",
+  "onboarding.stepModel": "模型",
+  "onboarding.stepTools": "工具",
+  "onboarding.stepDone": "完成",
+  "common.language": "语言",
+  "common.english": "英语",
+  "common.chinese": "中文",
+  "common.ok": "确定",
+  "common.cancel": "取消",
+  "common.save": "保存",
+  "common.delete": "删除",
+  "common.edit": "编辑",
+  "common.close": "关闭",
+  "common.loading": "加载中…",
+  "common.error": "错误",
+  "common.success": "成功",
+  "common.yes": "是",
+  "common.no": "否",
+  "common.confirm": "确认",
+  "common.back": "返回",
+  "common.next": "下一步",
+  "common.skip": "跳过",
+  "common.done": "完成",
+  "common.retry": "重试",
+  "common.verify": "验证",
+  "common.download": "下载",
+  "common.install": "安装",
+  "common.uninstall": "卸载",
+  "common.enable": "启用",
+  "common.disable": "禁用",
+  "common.configure": "配置",
+  "common.manage": "管理",
+  "common.browse": "浏览",
+  "common.create": "创建",
+  "common.new": "新建",
+  "common.open": "打开",
+  "common.view": "查看",
+  "common.run": "运行",
+  "common.stop": "停止",
+  "common.start": "开始",
+  "common.pause": "暂停",
+  "common.resume": "继续",
+  "common.restart": "重启",
+  "common.refresh": "刷新",
+  "common.search": "搜索",
+  "common.filter": "筛选",
+  "common.sort": "排序",
+  "common.clear": "清除",
+  "common.apply": "应用",
+  "common.reset": "重置",
+  "common.default": "默认",
+  "common.custom": "自定义",
+  "common.advanced": "高级",
+  "common.basic": "基础",
+  "common.all": "全部",
+  "common.none": "无",
+  "common.other": "其他",
+  "common.more": "更多",
+  "common.less": "较少",
+  "common.show": "显示",
+  "common.hide": "隐藏",
+  "common.expand": "展开",
+  "common.collapse": "折叠",
+  "common.select": "选择",
+  "common.deselect": "取消选择",
+  "common.checkAll": "全选",
+  "common.uncheckAll": "取消全选",
+  "common.invertSelection": "反选",
+  "common.copy": "复制",
+  "common.paste": "粘贴",
+  "common.cut": "剪切",
+  "common.undo": "撤销",
+  "common.redo": "重做",
+  "common.find": "查找",
+  "common.replace": "替换",
+  "common.goTo": "跳转到",
+  "common.openFile": "打开文件",
+  "common.saveFile": "保存文件",
+  "common.newFile": "新建文件",
+  "common.newFolder": "新建文件夹",
+  "common.deleteFile": "删除文件",
+  "common.renameFile": "重命名文件",
+  "common.moveFile": "移动文件",
+  "common.copyFile": "复制文件",
+  "common.downloadFile": "下载文件",
+  "common.uploadFile": "上传文件",
+  "common.share": "分享",
+  "common.export": "导出",
+  "common.import": "导入",
+  "common.print": "打印",
+  "common.preview": "预览",
+  "common.fullscreen": "全屏",
+  "common.minimize": "最小化",
+  "common.maximize": "最大化",
+  "common.restore": "还原",
+  "common.closeWindow": "关闭窗口",
+  "common.quit": "退出",
+  "common.about": "关于",
+  "common.preferences": "偏好设置",
+  "common.settings": "设置",
+  "common.help": "帮助",
+  "common.documentation": "文档",
+  "common.reportIssue": "报告问题",
+  "common.checkForUpdates": "检查更新",
+  "common.keyboardShortcuts": "键盘快捷键",
+  "common.tips": "提示",
+  "common.whatsNew": "新功能",
+  "common.releaseNotes": "发布说明",
+  "common.license": "许可证",
+  "common.privacy": "隐私",
+  "common.terms": "条款",
+  "common.credits": "致谢",
+  "common.acknowledgments": "确认",
+  "common.version": "版本",
+  "common.build": "构建",
+  "common.platform": "平台",
+  "common.architecture": "架构",
+  "common.debug": "调试",
+  "common.developer": "开发者",
+  "common.experimental": "实验性",
+  "common.beta": "Beta",
+  "common.alpha": "Alpha",
+  "common.stable": "稳定版",
+  "common.nightly": "每夜构建",
+  "common.canary": "金丝雀版",
+  "common.release": "发布版",
+  "common.latest": "最新",
+  "common.updateAvailable": "有可用更新",
+  "common.upToDate": "已是最新",
+  "common.checkingForUpdates": "正在检查更新…",
+  "common.updateError": "检查更新失败",
+  "common.installingUpdate": "正在安装更新…",
+  "common.updateInstalled": "更新已安装，正在重启…",
+  "common.restartRequired": "需要重启",
+  "common.restartNow": "立即重启",
+  "common.restartLater": "稍后重启",
+  "common.never": "从不",
+  "common.always": "总是",
+  "common.sometimes": "有时",
+  "common.auto": "自动",
+  "common.manual": "手动",
+  "common.enabled": "已启用",
+  "common.disabled": "已禁用",
+  "common.on": "开",
+  "common.off": "关",
+  "common.yesPlease": "是的，请",
+  "common.noThanks": "不用了，谢谢",
+  "common.maybeLater": "也许以后",
+  "common.dontAskAgain": "不再询问",
+  "common.remindMeLater": "稍后提醒我",
+  "common.learnMore": "了解更多",
+  "common.gotIt": "知道了",
+  "common.understand": "我明白",
+  "common.dismiss": "忽略",
+  "common.ignore": "忽略",
+  "common.skipThisTime": "跳过这一次",
+  "common.skipForever": "永久跳过",
+  "common.tryAgain": "重试",
+  "common.contactSupport": "联系支持",
+  "common.sendFeedback": "发送反馈",
+  "common.rateApp": "评价应用",
+  "common.writeReview": "撰写评价",
+  "common.shareApp": "分享应用",
+  "common.inviteFriends": "邀请好友",
+  "common.referralCode": "推荐码",
+  "common.copyLink": "复制链接",
+  "common.copied": "已复制！",
+  "common.copyFailed": "复制失败",
+  "common.openInBrowser": "在浏览器中打开",
+  "common.openInApp": "在应用中打开",
+  "common.openExternally": "外部打开",
+  "common.showInFinder": "在访达中显示",
+  "common.showInExplorer": "在资源管理器中显示",
+  "common.openTerminal": "打开终端",
+  "common.copyPath": "复制路径",
+  "common.revealInSidebar": "在侧边栏显示",
+  "common.focusSearch": "聚焦搜索",
+  "common.escape": "Esc",
+  "common.enter": "Enter",
+  "common.tab": "Tab",
+  "common.shiftTab": "Shift+Tab",
+  "common.arrowUp": "上箭头",
+  "common.arrowDown": "下箭头",
+  "common.arrowLeft": "左箭头",
+  "common.arrowRight": "右箭头",
+  "common.pageUp": "Page Up",
+  "common.pageDown": "Page Down",
+  "common.home": "Home",
+  "common.end": "End",
+  "common.deleteKey": "Delete",
+  "common.backspace": "Backspace",
+  "common.space": "空格",
+  "common.ctrl": "Ctrl",
+  "common.cmd": "Cmd",
+  "common.shift": "Shift",
+  "common.alt": "Alt",
+  "common.option": "Option",
+  "common.meta": "Meta",
+  "common.fn": "Fn",
+  "common.f1": "F1",
+  "common.f2": "F2",
+  "common.f3": "F3",
+  "common.f4": "F4",
+  "common.f5": "F5",
+  "common.f6": "F6",
+  "common.f7": "F7",
+  "common.f8": "F8",
+  "common.f9": "F9",
+  "common.f10": "F10",
+  "common.f11": "F11",
+  "common.f12": "F12",
+  "app.starting": "正在启动 OpenWorker…",
+  "app.restoring": "正在恢复您的会话…",
+  "app.suggestion1": "运行测试套件并总结所有失败项。",
+  "app.suggestion2": "阅读项目并给出 5 点概述。",
+  "app.suggestion3": "查找并修复失败的构建。",
+  "app.automationStarted": "自动化已启动",
+  "app.viewRun": "查看运行 ›",
+  "app.dismiss": "忽略",
+  "app.showSidebar": "显示侧边栏",
+  "app.showSidebarShortcut": "显示侧边栏 (⌘B)",
+  "app.hideSidePanel": "隐藏侧面板",
+  "app.showSidePanel": "显示侧面板",
+  "app.artifacts": "产物",
+  "app.showFiles": "显示此对话产生的文件",
+  "app.tryTask": "尝试一个任务",
+  "app.jumpToLatest": "跳转至最新",
+  "app.waitingForAgent": "等待代理...",
+  "app.interrupted": "已中断。",
+  "app.maxIterations": "已停止：达到最大迭代次数。",
+  "app.modelSwitched": "模型已切换",
+  "app.inputRejected": "该消息被拒绝。",
+  "app.assistant": "助手",
+  "app.scheduledRun": "计划运行",
+  "app.startedByAutomation": " · 由自动化启动",
+  "app.backToRuns": "← 返回运行列表",
+  "app.howCanIHelp": "我能帮什么忙？",
+  "app.letsBuild": "一起构建点东西吧。",
+  "app.placeholderCowork": "向协作者提问…（拖放或粘贴文件）",
+  "app.placeholderCode": "让编码员构建、修复或解释…（拖放或粘贴文件）",
+  "app.placeholderChat": "随便问…（拖放或粘贴文件）",
+  "sidebar.collapse": "收起侧边栏",
+  "sidebar.collapseShortcut": "收起侧边栏 (⌘B)",
+  "sidebar.dock": "固定侧边栏",
+  "sidebar.dockShortcut": "固定侧边栏 (⌘B)",
+  "sidebar.signInCloud": "登录 OpenWorker Cloud",
+  "sidebar.notSignedIn": "未登录",
+  "sidebar.signedInCloud": "已登录 OpenWorker Cloud",
+  "sidebar.sessionActions": "会话操作",
+  "sidebar.clickAgainDelete": "再次点击可永久删除",
+  "sidebar.noneCheckedShowsAll": "未选择时显示全部。",
+  "sidebar.groupFilter": "分组与筛选对话",
+  "sidebar.inboxItemsNeedYou": "收件箱 — {{count}} 项待处理",
+  "sidebar.startAs": "以以下身份开始会话",
+  "sidebar.choosePersona": "选择角色",
+  "sidebar.startWithPersona": "选择特定角色开始",
+  "sidebar.accountLabel": "账户：{{email}}",
+  "sidebar.accountNotSignedIn": "账户：未登录",
+  "sidebar.inbox": "收件箱",
+  "sidebar.connectors": "连接器",
+  "sidebar.settings": "设置",
+  "sidebar.automations": "自动化",
+  "sidebar.activity": "活动",
+  "sidebar.signOut": "退出登录",
+  "sidebar.account": "账户",
+  "sidebar.notSignedInShort": "未登录",
+  "sidebar.signedIn": "已登录 {{cloud}}",
+  "sidebar.inboxItems": "收件箱 — {{count}} 项待处理",
+  "composer.discuss": "讨论",
+  "composer.askApproval": "请求批准",
+  "composer.fullAccess": "完全访问",
+  "composer.discussDesc": "聊天和探索——无编辑或命令",
+  "composer.askApprovalDesc": "编辑和命令前先询问",
+  "composer.fullAccessDesc": "无需询问直接运行所有操作",
+  "composer.sendApprovalsToInbox": "将批准发送到收件箱",
+  "composer.sendApprovalsDesc": "批准和问题发送到收件箱；代理继续工作。",
+  "composer.sendApprovalsToInboxTitle": "将批准发送到收件箱",
+  "composer.loadingModels": "正在加载模型…",
+  "composer.connectModel": "连接模型",
+  "composer.noModelConnected": "未连接模型 — 请配置模型",
+  "composer.fetchingModels": "正在从服务器获取模型列表",
+  "composer.stopRecordingTranscribe": "停止录音并转写",
+  "composer.startVoiceDictation": "开始本地语音听写",
+  "composer.configureVoice": "在设置中配置语音输入",
+  "composer.startDictation": "开始听写",
+  "composer.stopDictation": "停止听写",
+  "composer.attach": "附件",
+  "composer.photoImage": "照片或图片",
+  "composer.pdf": "PDF",
+  "composer.otherFiles": "其他文件",
+  "composer.connectModelToSend": "连接模型以发送",
+  "composer.tokenUsage": "Token 用量",
+  "composer.tokenUsagePct": "Token 用量 — 已使用上下文窗口的 {{pct}}%",
+  "composer.tokenUsageSession": "此会话的 Token 用量",
+  "composer.unknownModel": "未知模型",
+  "composer.contextWindow": "上下文窗口",
+  "composer.ofX": "{{fmt}} / {{window}} · {{pct}}%",
+  "composer.inContextNow": "当前上下文：{{fmt}} tokens",
+  "composer.sessionTotals": "会话总计",
+  "composer.uncachedInput": "未缓存输入",
+  "composer.cacheReads": "缓存读取",
+  "composer.cacheWrites": "缓存写入",
+  "composer.totalInput": "输入总计",
+  "composer.input": "输入",
+  "composer.output": "输出",
+  "composer.total": "总计",
+  "composer.xTokens": "{{fmt}} tokens",
+  "composer.contextMeterUnavailable": "自定义模型不提供上下文计量。",
+  "composer.listening": "正在聆听，{{time}}",
+  "composer.modeInboxSuffix": " · 批准发送到收件箱",
+  "composer.remove": "移除",
+  "composer.transcribing": "正在转写…",
+  "search.searchChats": "搜索聊天",
+  "search.esc": "Esc",
+  "search.noChatsFound": "未找到聊天。",
+  "search.pinnedChats": "已固定聊天",
+  "search.recentChats": "最近聊天",
+  "intro.whatProduce": "我们该产出什么？",
+  "intro.pickTask": "选择一个任务开始——我会完成工作并保存结果。或者直接在下文输入您需要的。",
+  "intro.analyzeDir": "分析目录中的文件",
+  "intro.analyzeDirSub": "我会读取并总结重要内容",
+  "intro.pickFolder": "选择文件夹 →",
+  "intro.hubspotReport": "根据我的 HubSpot 线索创建报告",
+  "intro.hubspotReportSub": "来源、阶段及需要跟进的对象",
+  "intro.start": "开始 →",
+  "intro.configure": "配置 ›",
+  "intro.githubSlackReport": "自动将每周 GitHub 进度报告发送到 Slack",
+  "intro.githubSlackReportSub": "仓库活动，每周五总结并发布",
+  "inbox.pending": "待处理",
+  "inbox.configureTab": "配置",
+  "inbox.nothingPending": "暂无待处理项。",
+  "inbox.nothingFilter": "此筛选条件下暂无待处理项。",
+  "inbox.allCoworkers": "所有协作者",
+  "inbox.alsoDeliveredTo": "同时投递到",
+  "inbox.repliesResolve": "——回复可在此处解决项目。",
+  "inbox.deliveredHereOnly": "仅在此处投递。",
+  "inbox.connectSlack": "仅在此处投递。连接 Slack（连接器页面）以便在频道中接收——更多平台即将推出。",
+  "inbox.configureRoute": "配置 ›",
+  "inbox.sessionUnavailable": "会话不可用",
+  "inbox.openLabel": "打开 \"{{label}}\"",
+  "integrations.mcpServers": "MCP 服务器",
+  "integrations.connectorsSub": "您的协作者可以使用的应用和工具。已连接的排在前面。",
+  "integrations.mcpSub": "外部工具服务器（stdio 或 HTTP），在所有代理间共享。",
+  "approval.writeFile": "写入文件",
+  "approval.editFile": "编辑文件",
+  "approval.applyPatch": "应用补丁",
+  "approval.runCommand": "运行命令",
+  "approval.sendMessage": "发送消息",
+  "approval.sendFile": "发送文件",
+  "approval.actsOnService": "作用于已连接的服务",
+  "approval.leavesMac": "离开此计算机 → {{platform}}",
+  "approval.staysOnMac": "保留在此计算机上",
+  "approval.overwriteExisting": " · 覆盖现有文件",
+  "approval.showLess": "收起",
+  "approval.showAllLines": "显示全部 {{count}} 行",
+  "approval.showFullMessage": "显示完整消息",
+  "approval.toolLabel": "工具：{{name}}",
+  "approval.alwaysAllowToolTitle": "始终允许此会话使用 {{verb}}",
+  "approval.alwaysAllowTitle": "始终允许 {{name}} → {{target}} 用于 \"{{title}}\" — 可随时在自动化页面撤销",
+  "approval.allow": "允许",
+  "approval.allowOnce": "仅允许一次",
+  "approval.alwaysAllowThisCommand": "始终允许此命令",
+  "approval.allowedEveryTime": "每次都允许",
+  "approval.readOnly": "只读",
+  "approval.grantNoteWrite": " — 批准后始终允许",
+  "approval.grantNoteRead": " — 只读",
+  "approval.asPngScreenshot": " · 作为 PNG 截图",
+  "approval.withMessage": "附带消息",
+  "approval.fileLabel": "文件",
+  "approval.preview": "预览",
+  "approval.approved": "已批准",
+  "audit.sessionId": "会话 ID",
+  "audit.connector": "连接器",
+  "audit.tool": "工具",
+  "audit.subtitle": "最近的连接器和浏览器工具活动。",
+  "scheduled.daily": "每天",
+  "scheduled.weekdays": "工作日",
+  "scheduled.weekends": "周末",
+  "scheduled.monday": "周一",
+  "scheduled.tuesday": "周二",
+  "scheduled.wednesday": "周三",
+  "scheduled.thursday": "周四",
+  "scheduled.friday": "周五",
+  "scheduled.saturday": "周六",
+  "scheduled.sunday": "周日",
+  "scheduled.title": "自动化",
+  "scheduled.subtitle": "定期任务和计划作业",
+  "scheduled.newAutomation": "新建自动化",
+  "scheduled.info": "创建一个按计划运行的定期任务",
+  "scheduled.runCount": "{{count}} 次运行",
+  "scheduled.creating": "创建中…",
+  "scheduled.createAutomation": "创建自动化",
+  "scheduled.backToAutomations": "← 返回自动化",
+  "scheduled.titlePlaceholder": "此自动化应做什么？",
+  "scheduled.instructionsPlaceholder": "详细描述任务…",
+  "scheduled.at": "时间",
+  "scheduled.repeat": "重复",
+  "scheduled.everyDay": "每天",
+  "scheduled.cancel": "取消",
+  "scheduled.saving": "保存中…",
+  "scheduled.save": "保存",
+  "scheduled.edit": "编辑",
+  "scheduled.runNow": "立即运行",
+  "scheduled.active": "运行中",
+  "scheduled.paused": "已暂停",
+  "scheduled.instructions": "指令",
+  "scheduled.allowedWithoutAsking": "无需询问即可执行",
+  "scheduled.allowedDescription": "此自动化执行时将自动运行这些工具。",
+  "scheduled.revokeTooltip": "撤销此权限",
+  "scheduled.revoke": "撤销",
+  "scheduled.runs": "运行记录",
+  "scheduled.runsDescription": "此自动化的最近执行记录",
+  "scheduled.noRuns": "暂无运行记录",
+  "scheduled.openRunTooltip": "打开运行详情",
+  "scheduled.nextLabel": "下次",
+  "scheduled.lastLabel": "上次",
+  "scheduled.loading": "加载自动化中…",
+  "scheduled.new": "新",
+  "scheduled.fileCount": "{{count}} 个文件",
+  "scheduled.open": "打开",
+  "scheduled.delete": "删除",
+  "folderGate.newProject": "新建项目",
+  "folderGate.chooseProjectFolder": "选择项目文件夹",
+  "folderGate.couldNotOpen": "无法打开该文件夹",
+  "workspaceTrust.trustCommands": "信任此工作区的命令？",
+  "workspaceTrust.couldNotSave": "无法保存工作区信任设置。",
+  "workspaceTrust.keepAsking": "继续询问",
+  "workspaceTrust.trustWorkspace": "信任工作区",
+  "planCard.agentProposedPlan": "代理提出了一个计划",
+  "planCard.whatShouldChange": "计划应做哪些修改？",
+  "planCard.requestChanges": "请求修改",
+  "planCard.approveAskPerStep": "批准 — 逐步询问",
+  "planCard.approveAndRun": "批准并运行",
+  "dirReq.requestingAccess": "代理请求访问一个文件夹",
+  "dirReq.chooseOrPaste": "选择或粘贴文件夹路径…",
+  "dirReq.allowWriting": "允许写入（读写）",
+  "dirReq.chooseLocation": "选择位置",
+  "dirReq.decline": "拒绝",
+  "dirReq.grantAccess": "授予访问权限",
+  "addFolder.giveAccess": "授予文件夹访问权限",
+  "addFolder.browse": "浏览",
+  "addFolder.add": "添加",
+  "cloud.checkBrowser": "检查您的浏览器…",
+  "cloud.signInCloud": "登录 OpenWorker Cloud",
+  "cloud.signInUnlocks": "登录即可一键连接…",
+  "cloud.checkingSignIn": "正在检查 OpenWorker Cloud 登录状态…",
+  "transcript.copied": "已复制",
+  "settings.modelsSub": "合成器中可用的提供商和模型。密钥仅存储在此计算机上。",
+  "settings.voiceGenericError": "语音输入无法完成该操作。",
+  "settings.voiceDesktopOnly": "语音输入设置在 OpenWorker 桌面应用中可用。",
+  "settings.voicePrivateDesc": "音频仅在录制时保留在内存中，并在本地转录。",
+  "settings.voiceChecking": "正在检查兼容性…",
+  "settings.voiceDeleteConfirm": "删除本地 Whisper 模型并禁用语音输入？",
+  "settings.voiceNoSpeech": "未检测到语音。请重试并说稍长一些。",
+  "settings.generalSub": "OpenWorker 在本机上的外观和行为方式。",
+  "settings.languageHelp": "更改立即生效。",
+  "settings.trustedRevokeConfirm": "撤销对 {{path}} 的命令信任？",
+  "settings.filesSaved": "已保存。新的会话将使用此位置。",
+  "settings.filesError": "无法使用该位置。",
+  "settings.filesPickFolder": "选择文件夹",
+  "app.openWorker": "OpenWorker",
+  "app.openWorkerCloud": "OpenWorker Cloud",
+  "approval.actsOnConnectedService": "操作已连接的服务",
+  "approval.allowEveryTime": "每次都允许",
+  "approval.alwaysAllowCommand": "始终允许此命令",
+  "approval.alwaysAllowed": "始终允许",
+  "approval.alwaysAllowSession": "此会话始终允许",
+  "approval.alwaysAllowTooltip": "始终允许",
+  "approval.connectedChat": "已连接的聊天",
+  "approval.file": "文件",
+  "approval.overwritesFile": "覆盖现有文件",
+  "approval.pngScreenshot": "作为 PNG 截图",
+  "approval.thisAutomation": "此自动化",
+  "audit.fallbackEvent": "事件",
+  "audit.fallbackTool": "工具",
+  "audit.noActivity": "暂无活动。",
+  "audit.resourceLabel": "资源：",
+  "audit.sessionLabel": "会话",
+  "audit.subtitleDetail": "最近的连接器和浏览器工具活动。参数在存储前已脱敏。",
+  "channelPicker.invite": "邀请 @ocw 加入此频道…",
+  "channelPicker.placeholder": "slack:C0123…",
+  "channelPicker.searching": "正在搜索工作区的频道…",
+  "composer.approvalsDescription": "审批和问题会发送到收件箱；代理继续工作。",
+  "composer.approvalsGoToInbox": "审批发送到收件箱",
+  "composer.attachOther": "其他文件",
+  "composer.attachPdf": "PDF",
+  "composer.attachPhoto": "照片或图片",
+  "composer.configureVoiceInput": "在设置中配置语音输入",
+  "composer.contextUnavailable": "自定义模型不支持上下文计量。",
+  "composer.dictationUnavailable": "语音听写不可用。",
+  "composer.dismiss": "关闭",
+  "composer.inContext": "当前上下文中：{{tokens}} 个 token",
+  "composer.micError": "无法启动麦克风。",
+  "composer.modeApproval": "请求批准",
+  "composer.modeApprovalDesc": "编辑和执行命令前先询问",
+  "composer.modeAuto": "完全访问",
+  "composer.modeAutoDesc": "无需询问，执行所有操作",
+  "composer.modeDiscuss": "讨论",
+  "composer.modeDiscussDesc": "聊天和探索 — 不编辑或执行命令",
+  "composer.modeTitle": "模式：{{mode}}",
+  "composer.noModelLabel": "未连接模型 — 请连接模型",
+  "composer.startingMic": "正在启动麦克风…",
+  "composer.stopRecording": "停止录音并转录",
+  "composer.transcribeError": "无法转录您的录音。",
+  "inbox.configureLink": "配置",
+  "inbox.deliveredHereOnlyConnect": "仅在此处送达。连接 Slack（连接器页面）以同时在频道中接收 — 更多平台即将支持。",
+  "inbox.nothingPendingFilter": "此筛选条件下无待处理项。",
+  "inbox.openSession": "打开「{{label}}」",
+  "inbox.subtitle": "审批、问题和通知",
+  "inbox.tabConfigure": "配置",
+  "inbox.tabPending": "待处理",
+  "scheduled.noAutomations": "暂无计划任务 — 在上方创建一个。",
+  "sidebar.chronological": "按时间",
+  "sidebar.clear": "清除",
+  "sidebar.collapseSidebar": "收起侧边栏",
+  "sidebar.dockSidebar": "固定侧边栏",
+  "sidebar.persona": "角色",
+  "sidebar.signInToCloud": "登录 OpenWorker Cloud",
+  "sidebar.startSessionAs": "以以下身份开始会话",
+  "subscriptions.add": "添加",
+  "subscriptions.empty": "未订阅任何频道。",
+  "subscriptions.sessionTitle": "此会话监听的频道",
+  "subscriptions.unsubscribe": "取消订阅",
+  "quickstart.startFromTemplate": "从模板开始",
+  "quickstart.setUp": "设置",
+  "quickstart.connectionsDeliverySchedule": "连接、投递和计划",
+  "quickstart.deliverySchedule": "投递和计划",
+  "quickstart.connected": "✓ 已连接",
+  "quickstart.openingBrowser": "正在打开浏览器…",
+  "quickstart.waitingFor": "等待 {{name}}…",
+  "quickstart.connect": "连接",
+  "quickstart.finishConnecting": "在浏览器中完成连接 {{name}}。",
+  "quickstart.approveAndComeBack": "在那里批准它，然后回来 — 此页面会自动更新。",
+  "quickstart.cancel": "取消",
+  "quickstart.oneSigninUnlocksAll": "一次登录即可解锁所有一键连接",
+  "quickstart.brokeredByCloud": "连接由 OpenWorker Cloud 代为处理 — 您的令牌保留在此 Mac 上。",
+  "quickstart.waitingForSignin": "等待登录中…",
+  "quickstart.finishSigningIn": "在浏览器中完成登录 — 此页面会自动更新。",
+  "quickstart.repository": "代码仓库",
+  "quickstart.postToChannel": "发布到频道",
+  "quickstart.botMustBeMember": "机器人必须是该频道的成员 — 如果不是，请在 Slack 中邀请 @OpenWorker。",
+  "quickstart.when": "时间",
+  "quickstart.day": "星期",
+  "quickstart.time": "时间",
+  "quickstart.deliverTo": "投递至",
+  "quickstart.deliverApp": "在应用内",
+  "quickstart.deliverSlack": "Slack 私信（稍后连接 Slack）",
+  "quickstart.consentText": "允许此自动化将摘要发布到 <b>{{channel}}</b>，无需每次询问。其他操作仍会先询问。",
+  "quickstart.consentBefore": "允许此自动化将摘要发布到 ",
+  "quickstart.consentAfter": "，无需每次询问。其他操作仍会先询问。",
+  "quickstart.theChannel": "该频道",
+  "quickstart.readsOnly": "此自动化仅按计划读取 — 读取无需批准。",
+  "quickstart.creating": "创建中…",
+  "quickstart.createAutomation": "创建自动化",
+  "quickstart.connectToContinue": "连接 {{names}} 以继续",
+  "quickstart.pickChannelFirst": "先选择一个要发布的频道",
+  "quickstart.noConnectionsNeeded": "无需连接",
+  "quickstart.github.title": "GitHub 摘要",
+  "quickstart.github.blurb": "已合并的 PR 和提交，发布到您的团队 Slack。",
+  "quickstart.github.cadence": "每周",
+  "quickstart.pipeline.title": "销售管线摘要",
+  "quickstart.pipeline.blurb": "变动的交易 — 以及趋于沉寂的交易 — 发布到 Slack。",
+  "quickstart.pipeline.cadence": "每周",
+  "quickstart.brief.title": "晨间简报",
+  "quickstart.brief.blurb": "日历和未读邮件，在您开始新一天前总结。",
+  "quickstart.brief.cadence": "每天",
+  "quickstart.news.title": "晨间新闻简报",
+  "quickstart.news.blurb": "5 条科技和世界新闻摘要，保存为 markdown。",
+  "quickstart.news.cadence": "每天",
+  "quickstart.inboxdigest.title": "收件箱摘要",
+  "quickstart.inboxdigest.blurb": "未读邮件的简短摘要。",
+  "quickstart.inboxdigest.cadence": "工作日",
+  "quickstart.cleanup.title": "文件夹整理",
+  "quickstart.cleanup.blurb": "按类型将最近的下载整理到整洁的文件夹中。",
+  "quickstart.cleanup.cadence": "每周",
+  "quickstart.why.slack.digest": "摘要发布的位置",
+  "quickstart.why.github.digest": "摘要汇总的内容",
+  "quickstart.why.slack.pipeline": "摘要发布的位置",
+  "quickstart.why.hubspot.pipeline": "销售管线和交易活动",
+  "quickstart.why.google_calendar": "今天的会议和空闲",
+  "quickstart.why.gmail.brief": "夜间收到的邮件",
+  "quickstart.why.gmail.inbox": "您的未读邮件",
+  "todo.tasks": "任务",
+  "updateBanner.readyToInstall": "OpenWorker v{{version}} 已准备好安装。",
+  "updateBanner.couldNotInstall": "更新无法安装 — 下次启动时会再次提醒。",
+  "updateBanner.downloading": "下载中…",
+  "updateBanner.restartToUpdate": "重启以更新",
+  "updateBanner.later": "稍后",
+  "workspaceTrust.description": "此项目要求 OpenWorker 运行以下命令而无需逐条审批。信任适用于此精确文件夹下的未来配置更改，直到您在设置中撤销。",
+  "workspaceTrust.saving": "保存中…",
+  "planCard.back": "返回",
+  "planCard.sendFeedback": "发送反馈",
+  "rootRow.temporarySpace": "临时空间",
+  "rootRow.main": "主工作区",
+  "rootRow.missing": "缺失",
+  "rootRow.alwaysReadWrite": "主工作区始终为读写",
+  "rootRow.toggleAccess": "切换只读 / 读写",
+  "rootRow.readWrite": "读写",
+  "rootRow.readOnly": "只读",
+  "rootRow.remove": "移除",
+  "addFolder.writeHelp": "关闭 = 只读。勾选以允许代理写入此位置。",
+  "addFolder.allowWrites": "允许写入",
+  "folderGate.createDesc": "选择文件夹或输入路径。如果路径不存在，将会自动创建。",
+  "folderGate.needsWorkspace": "此协作者需要一个工作区来读取、编辑和运行。",
+  "folderGate.pathPlaceholder": "/path/to/your/project",
+  "folderGate.browse": "浏览…",
+  "folderGate.recent": "最近",
+  "modelChecklist.default": "默认",
+  "modelChecklist.defaultModelAlwaysShown": "默认模型始终显示 — 请先将其他模型设为默认",
+  "modelChecklist.makeDefault": "设为默认",
+  "modelChecklist.addAnotherModel": "添加其他模型…",
+  "modelChecklist.add": "添加",
+  "modelChecklist.modelFamily": "模型系列",
+  "modelChecklist.claudeFamily": "Claude 系列",
+  "modelChecklist.otherModels": "其他模型",
+  "modelChecklist.geminiFamily": "Gemini 系列",
+  "modelChecklist.openWeight": "开源权重",
+  "inboxItem.kind_approval": "批准",
+  "inboxItem.kind_question": "问题",
+  "inboxItem.kind_directory": "目录",
+  "inboxItem.kind_plan": "计划",
+  "inboxItem.kind_notification": "通知",
+  "inboxItem.send": "发送",
+  "inboxItem.alwaysAllowTarget": "始终允许对 {{target}} 使用「{{title}}」 — 可随时在其自动化页面撤销",
+  "inboxItem.thisAutomation": "此自动化",
+  "inboxItem.orTypeYourOwn": "或输入您自己的回答…",
+  "inboxItem.yourAnswer": "您的回答…",
+  "inboxItem.grantNoFolder": "授予（无文件夹）",
+  "inboxItem.noFolderSuggested": "未建议文件夹",
+  "inboxItem.reject": "拒绝",
+  "access.title": "访问",
+  "access.sessionAccess": "会话访问",
+  "access.sources": "来源",
+  "access.noConnectors": "此会话未启用任何连接器。",
+  "access.channelsCount": "频道 · {{count}}",
+  "access.enabledForSession": "已为此会话启用 — 点击可在此静音",
+  "access.offMutesPrefix": "关闭仅对",
+  "access.thisSessionOnly": "此会话",
+  "access.offMutesSuffix": "静音 — 连接器保持连接。",
+  "access.searchConnectors": "搜索连接器…",
+  "access.noMatch": "无匹配 — 请在下方连接器页面查看全部。",
+  "access.addSource": "+ 添加来源…",
+  "access.recommended": "推荐",
+  "access.core": "核心",
+  "access.connect": "连接",
+  "access.folders": "文件夹",
+  "access.giveAccessFolder": "+ 授予文件夹访问权限…",
+  "access.manageAllConnectors": "管理所有连接器（全局）→",
+  "access.noSources": "无来源",
+  "access.folderCount": "{{count}} 个文件夹",
+  "access.couldNotAddChannel": "无法添加该频道。",
+  "access.backToSources": "返回来源",
+  "access.connectTitle": "连接 {{title}}",
+  "access.connectingMakes": "连接后 {{title}} 将对您的所有同事可用 — 此列表中的开关仅控制当前会话。",
+  "access.channelsLabel": "{{label}} 频道",
+  "access.subscribedChannels": "已订阅频道 · {{count}}",
+  "access.notListening": "尚未监听任何 {{label}} 频道。",
+  "access.collisionWarning": "此频道也是此会话的收件箱路由目标 — 收发消息会冲突。",
+  "access.stopListening": "停止监听",
+  "access.addChannel": "添加频道",
+  "access.addChannelBtn": "添加",
+  "access.channelHelp": "代理接收发送到这些频道的消息。移除一个将停止此会话的监听 — 连接器保持连接。",
+  "gallery.couldNotLoadDetails": "无法加载详情",
+  "gallery.installFailed": "安装失败",
+  "gallery.all": "全部",
+  "gallery.fromOpenWorker": "来自 OpenWorker",
+  "gallery.fromTeam": "来自您的团队",
+  "gallery.unreachable": "画廊暂时无法访问 — 请稍后重试。",
+  "gallery.featured": "精选",
+  "gallery.allPersonas": "所有人设",
+  "gallery.installed": "已安装",
+  "gallery.viewAndInstall": "查看并安装 →",
+  "gallery.nothingShared": "您的团队尚未分享任何内容。",
+  "gallery.noMatch": "没有匹配您搜索的人设。",
+  "gallery.noPersonasPublished": "尚未发布任何人设。",
+  "gallery.teamTeaser": "来自您的团队 — 尚未分享。向队友发布人设的功能即将推出。",
+  "gallery.backToGallery": "← 画廊",
+  "gallery.installing": "安装中…",
+  "gallery.installedWaiting": "已安装 — 正在等人设页面审批，启用前处于禁用状态。",
+  "gallery.whatItCanDo": "它能做什么 — 从清单中验证",
+  "gallery.readByParser": "由本应用自有解析器读取，与安装审批内容完全一致。不会安装可执行代码。",
+  "gallery.tools": "工具: ",
+  "gallery.riskList": " · 风险: {{list}}",
+  "gallery.permissions": "权限: ",
+  "gallery.mode": "模式",
+  "gallery.canUseMessaging": " · 可使用消息",
+  "gallery.mcpList": " · MCP: {{list}}",
+  "gallery.worksWith": "与以下连接配合使用:",
+  "gallery.coreSuffix": " · 核心",
+  "gallery.connectYourself": "您需要自行连接（登录后一键即可）— 安装同事在此之前不会获得任何权限。",
+  "gallery.title": "人设库",
+  "gallery.subtitle": "精选同事 · 安装后在您审批前保持禁用",
+  "gallery.searchPersonas": "搜索人设",
+  "gallery.closeGallery": "关闭画廊",
+  "gallery.loadingGallery": "正在加载画廊…",
+  "gallery.signInToBrowse": "登录以浏览画廊",
+  "gallery.signInDesc": "画廊是 OpenWorker Cloud 精选的同事集合，需要（免费）云登录。通过文件夹或 Git URL 安装人设 — 在人设页面 — 始终无需账户。",
+  "inboxConfig.unrouted": "未路由",
+  "inboxConfig.unroutedDesc": "入站消息和后台轮次失败未被认领 — 不会静默消失。",
+  "inboxConfig.unattendedApprovals": "无人值守审批",
+  "inboxConfig.mirrorDesc": "无人值守会话发布批准/拒绝按钮的频道。当前镜像到",
+  "inboxConfig.mirrorDescSuffix": "。",
+  "inboxConfig.inAppInboxOnly": "仅应用内收件箱",
+  "inboxConfig.set": "设置",
+  "inboxConfig.clear": "清除",
+  "inboxConfig.chooseApprovalOwner": "在集成 → Slack 下选择审批所有者后再将审批路由至此。",
+  "inboxConfig.couldNotUpdate": "无法更新收件箱路由。",
+  "inboxConfig.couldNotClear": "无法清除收件箱路由。",
+  "inboxConfig.directMessages": "私信",
+  "inboxConfig.dmDesc": "处理发往机器人的私信的会话。未设置时，私信暂存于下方未路由中。",
+  "inboxConfig.noSessionParkDms": "无会话 — 暂存私信",
+  "inboxConfig.channelSubscriptions": "频道订阅",
+  "inboxConfig.sessionsListen": "— 监听频道的会话（入站）",
+  "inboxConfig.sessionColumn": "会话",
+  "inboxConfig.listensTo": "监听",
+  "inboxConfig.inboxRoutesTo": "收件箱路由到",
+  "inboxConfig.collides": "⚠ 冲突",
+  "inboxConfig.collisionTitle": "此频道也是您的收件箱路由目标 — 单一频道上的收发会将广播与请求/回复混淆。",
+  "inboxConfig.noSubscriptions": "尚无频道订阅 — 在下方添加或请同事监听某个频道。",
+  "inboxConfig.chooseSession": "选择会话…",
+  "inboxConfig.subscribe": "+ 订阅",
+  "inboxConfig.nothingHere": "此处无内容 — 无丢弃的消息或失败的轮次。",
+  "inboxConfig.when": "时间",
+  "inboxConfig.source": "来源",
+  "inboxConfig.reason": "原因",
+  "inboxConfig.message": "消息",
+  "automations.unseenRuns_one": "{{count}} 次新运行",
+  "automations.unseenRuns_other": "{{count}} 次新运行",
+  "automations.unseenRunsFailed_one": "{{count}} 次新运行 — 最近一次失败",
+  "automations.unseenRunsFailed_other": "{{count}} 次新运行 — 最近一次失败",
+  "settings.trustedWorkspacesCommands_one": "{{count}} 项项目命令授权",
+  "settings.trustedWorkspacesCommands_other": "{{count}} 项项目命令授权",
+  "common.unknown": "未知",
+  "app.automation": "自动化",
+  "app.automationToastSub": "{{title}} · {{time}} 运行",
+  "app.contextCompacted": "上下文已压缩",
+  "app.compacting": "正在压缩上下文…",
+  "skills.buildForMe": "帮我构建一个新技能：{{description}}",
+  "skills.buildForMeEmpty": "帮我构建一个新技能：（描述该技能应实现的功能）",
+  "time.now": "刚刚",
+  "composer.pdfTooBig": "已跳过 {{name}} — {{size}} MB 超出您的 {{max}} MB 限制（设置 → 节省 Token）",
+  "composer.pdfTooManyPages": "已跳过 {{name}} — {{pages}} 页超出您的 {{max}} 页限制（设置 → 节省 Token）",
+  "composer.pdfSkipped": "已跳过 {{name}} — {{error}}",
+  "composer.pdfReadError": "无法读取 PDF",
+  "composer.skills": "技能",
+  "composer.loadingSkills": "正在加载技能…",
+  "composer.noMatchingSkills": "没有匹配的技能。",
+  "composer.contextFullTitle": "上下文窗口已用 {{pct}}% · 本会话 {{tokens}} tokens",
+  "composer.sessionTokensTitle": "本会话 Token 用量：{{tokens}}",
+  "settings.skills": "技能",
+  "settings.voicePrivateTitle": "隐私优先设计。",
+  "settings.personasOpen": "打开 →",
+  "settings.appearance": "外观",
+  "settings.contextCompaction": "上下文压缩",
+  "settings.contextCompactionHelp": "长会话会自动压缩：较早的轮次会被总结，这样协作者可以继续工作而不会耗尽上下文。您可见的对话记录不会被改动 — 会有一个小标记显示压缩发生的位置。",
+  "settings.compactAt": "压缩阈值",
+  "settings.compactThresholdUnit": "% 的上下文窗口",
+  "settings.compactOrAt": "或达到",
+  "settings.compactCapUnit": "tokens，取较小值",
+  "settings.compactCapHelp": "该上限会让超大上下文的模型提前压缩 — 在达到标称限制之前，质量和速度就会明显下降。",
+  "settings.summarizerModel": "摘要模型",
+  "settings.sessionOwnModel": "会话自身模型（默认）",
+  "settings.summarizerModelHelp": "摘要由该模型生成。默认跟随会话正在使用的模型。",
+  "settings.composer": "编辑器",
+  "settings.contextBarToggle": "显示上下文窗口进度条",
+  "settings.contextBarHelp": "一个显示模型上下文窗口使用比例的小仪表。关闭后改为显示本会话的 Token 总数；无论哪种方式，完整明细都只需一次点击。",
+  "intro.folderPrompt": "分析此文件夹中的文件并总结要点。",
+  "intro.hubspotPrompt": "基于我最近的 HubSpot 线索生成报告：来源、阶段以及需要跟进的对象。",
+  "intro.githubSlackPrompt": "设置每周进度报告：汇总我 GitHub 仓库中的活动，并在每周五早上发布到 Slack。",
+  "inbox.subtitleDetail": "来自同事的审批、问题和通知 — 包括无人值守运行的会话。",
+  "inbox.kindApprovals": "审批",
+  "inbox.kindQuestions": "问题",
+  "audit.noEvents": "暂无审计事件。",
+  "scheduled.subtitleDetail": "OpenWorker 按计划运行的周期性任务。",
+  "scheduled.runsOnlyWhenUp": "仅在 openworker-server 运行时执行 — 错过的计划会在下次启动时补跑一次。",
+  "scheduled.noTasksBefore": "暂无计划任务 — 使用上方模板，点击 ",
+  "scheduled.noTasksAfter": "，或在会话中直接告诉 OpenWorker。",
+  "scheduled.deleteTitle": "删除自动化",
+  "scheduled.deleteLabel": "删除 {{title}}",
+  "scheduled.titleExample": "标题（例如：每日站会记录）",
+  "scheduled.instructionsExample": "每次运行时应做什么？（例如：总结今天的日历和未完成任务。）",
+  "scheduled.titleLabel": "标题",
+  "scheduled.allowedDescDetail": "此自动化可使用的长期审批 — 其他操作仍会先询问。",
+  "scheduled.revokeTooltipDetail": "此自动化将重新请求审批",
+  "scheduled.runsDescDetail": "每次运行都是一次实时对话 — 打开查看代理做了什么并追问后续。",
+  "scheduled.openRunTooltipDetail": "打开此运行的对话",
+  "scheduled.runCount_one": "{{count}} 次运行",
+  "scheduled.runCount_other": "{{count}} 次运行",
+  "scheduled.fileCount_one": "{{count}} 个文件",
+  "scheduled.fileCount_other": "{{count}} 个文件",
+  "quickstart.repoPlaceholder": "owner/repo",
+  "quickstart.connectedState": "已连接",
+  "quickstart.notConnectedYet": "尚未连接",
+  "approval.savesToSkills": "保存到设置 ▸ 技能",
+  "approval.addToSkillsNote": "批准后会将其添加到本机的技能中 — 之后在每个对话中都可以使用。",
+  "approval.addToMySkills": "添加到我的技能",
+  "approval.notNow": "暂不",
+  "approval.approvedWith": "已批准：{{resolution}}",
+  "access.folderCount_one": "{{count}} 个文件夹",
+  "access.folderCount_other": "{{count}} 个文件夹",
+  "onboarding.connectTools": "连接您的常用工具",
+  "onboarding.toolsSub": "聊天只能提供建议。连接后，您的同事才能真正执行工作：",
+  "setup.skipAnyway": "仍要跳过",
+  "setup.youAreSignedInAs": "您已以 {{account}} 身份登录",
+  "setup.connected": "已连接",
+  "setup.connect": "连接",
+  "rightrail.progress": "进度",
+  "rightrail.artifacts": "产物",
+  "rightrail.artifactsCount": "产物 ({{count}})",
+  "rightrail.showFolder": "显示这些文件保存所在的文件夹",
+  "rightrail.refreshArtifacts": "刷新产物",
+  "rightrail.noPreviewable": "暂无可预览的文件。",
+  "rightrail.working": "工作中...",
+  "rightrail.toolCallsSoFar_one": "已完成 {{count}} 次工具调用。",
+  "rightrail.toolCallsSoFar_other": "已完成 {{count}} 次工具调用。",
+  "rightrail.workingOnTask": "正在处理此任务。",
+  "rightrail.workingOnTaskWith_one": "正在处理此任务，目前已完成 {{count}} 次工具调用。",
+  "rightrail.workingOnTaskWith_other": "正在处理此任务，目前已完成 {{count}} 次工具调用。",
+  "rightrail.progressPlaceholder": "对于较长的多步骤任务，OpenWorker 规划、使用工具、等待批准并产出产物时，进度会显示在这里。",
+  "rightrail.backToArtifacts": "返回产物",
+  "rightrail.reloadPreview": "重新加载预览",
+  "rightrail.reload": "重新加载",
+  "rightrail.openInDefaultApp": "用默认应用打开",
+  "rightrail.copyFullPath": "复制完整路径",
+  "rightrail.showInFolder": "在文件夹中显示",
+  "rightrail.folderEmpty": "此文件夹为空。",
+  "rightrail.cantPreview": "此 {{type}} 文件无法在此预览。",
+  "rightrail.powerpoint": "PowerPoint",
+  "rightrail.word": "Word",
+  "rightrail.showingFirst": " 仅显示前 {{max}} 行，共 {{total}} 行。",
+  "rightrail.emptyFile": "空文件。",
+  "rightrail.couldNotRenderPdf": "无法渲染 PDF：{{error}}",
+  "rightrail.renderingPdf": "正在渲染 PDF…",
+  "rightrail.couldNotParseSpreadsheet": "无法解析电子表格：{{error}}",
+  "rightrail.parsingSpreadsheet": "正在解析电子表格…",
+  "rightrail.emptySheet": "空表格。",
+  "transcript.more": "更多…",
+  "transcript.less": "更少…",
+  "transcript.copyMessage": "复制消息",
+  "transcript.thinking": "思考中…",
+  "transcript.thoughtProcess": "思维过程",
+  "transcript.declined": "已拒绝",
+  "transcript.approved": "已批准",
+  "transcript.approvedWith": "已批准 · {{detail}}",
+  "transcript.triedSkill": "尝试使用技能：",
+  "transcript.notAvailable": " — 不可用",
+  "transcript.autoAllowed": "自动允许",
+  "transcript.autoAllowedTitle": "已由该自动化的长期审批自动允许：{{rule}}。可在其自动化页面撤销。",
+  "transcript.hiddenCount": "已隐藏 {{count}} 项",
+  "transcript.hiddenTitle": "在代理看到结果之前已被您的隐私筛选器移除 — 代理对这些内容一无所知。",
+  "transcript.raw": "原始",
+  "transcript.steps_one": "{{count}} 步",
+  "transcript.steps_other": "{{count}} 步",
+  "transcript.runningSteps_one": "正在运行，已完成 {{count}} 步…",
+  "transcript.runningSteps_other": "正在运行，已完成 {{count}} 步…",
+  "transcript.declinedCount": "{{count}} 次已拒绝",
+  "transcript.hiddenByFilters": "您的筛选器已隐藏 {{count}} 项",
+  "transcript.grantedFolderAccess": "已授予文件夹访问权限",
+  "transcript.declinedFolderAccess": "已拒绝文件夹访问权限",
+  "transcript.proposedPlan": "拟定计划",
+  "transcript.planApproved": "计划已批准",
+  "transcript.sentBackWithFeedback": "已附带反馈退回",
+  "time.justNow": "刚刚",
+  "time.minAgo": "{{count}} 分钟前",
+  "time.hourAgo": "{{count}} 小时前",
+  "time.dayAgo": "{{count}} 天前",
+  "manageTabs.removeKeyConfirm": "要从这台电脑上移除 {{name}} 的密钥吗？",
+  "manageTabs.removeKey": "移除密钥…",
+  "manageTabs.envKeyBefore": "此服务器的环境中已通过 ",
+  "manageTabs.envKeyAfter": " 设置了一个密钥。你可以在上方覆盖它；仅当环境变量不存在时才使用已存储的密钥。",
+  "manageTabs.modelsTickedHelp": "勾选的模型会显示在编辑器的选择器中；黑色徽章标记新会话的默认模型。",
+  "manageTabs.includedModels": "包含的模型",
+  "manageTabs.curatedModelsHelp": "此提供商提供的经过精选、具备代理能力的模型 — 在上方添加密钥即可启用。",
+  "manageTabs.inComposerPicker": "编辑器选择器中",
+  "manageTabs.composerPickerHelp": "启动会话时可用的模型；黑色徽章标记默认模型。可通过上方提供商的卡片添加更多。",
+  "manageTabs.removeFromPicker": "从选择器中移除",
+  "manageTabs.granolaBlurb": "会议记录与转写 — 使用你的 Granola 账号登录。",
+  "manageTabs.mcpIntro": "外部工具服务器（stdio 或 HTTP），对所有代理共享。启用后服务器上的工具受权限管控。更改适用于新会话 — ",
+  "manageTabs.reloadNow": "立即重载",
+  "manageTabs.noMcpServers": "尚未配置 MCP 服务器。",
+  "manageTabs.addServer": "添加服务器",
+  "manageTabs.addServerPlus": "+ 添加服务器",
+  "manageTabs.connect": "连接",
+  "manageTabs.enableServer": "启用此服务器",
+  "manageTabs.signingIn": "正在登录…",
+  "manageTabs.toolCount_one": " · {{count}} 个工具",
+  "manageTabs.toolCount_other": " · {{count}} 个工具",
+  "manageTabs.asksSuffix": " · 需询问",
+  "manageTabs.oauthSuffix": " · oauth",
+  "manageTabs.waitingForBrowser": "正在等待浏览器…",
+  "manageTabs.signOut": "退出登录",
+  "manageTabs.hideTools": "隐藏工具",
+  "manageTabs.tools": "工具",
+  "manageTabs.remove": "移除",
+  "manageTabs.noTools": "没有工具。",
+  "manageTabs.failedToConnect": "连接失败",
+  "manageTabs.invalidJson": "无效的 JSON：{{error}}",
+  "manageTabs.pasteObjectHint": "请粘贴 `{ \"<name>\": { … } }` 格式的对象（或完整的 mcpServers 配置块）。",
+  "manageTabs.pasteServerJson": "粘贴服务器 JSON（名称 → 配置）：",
+  "manageTabs.add": "添加",
+  "manageTabs.cancel": "取消",
+  "manageTabs.messagesNotAllowed": "来自未授权发送者的消息 · {{count}}",
+  "manageTabs.inChannel": "位于 {{channel}}",
+  "manageTabs.allowDeliverTitle": "将发送者加入允许列表并立即投递此消息",
+  "manageTabs.allowAndDeliver": "允许并投递",
+  "manageTabs.allowOnlyTitle": "将发送者加入允许列表；此消息将被丢弃",
+  "manageTabs.allowOnly": "仅允许",
+  "manageTabs.dismissTitle": "丢弃此消息",
+  "manageTabs.dismiss": "忽略",
+  "manageTabs.sessionsListening": "监听 {{channel}} 频道的会话 · {{count}}",
+  "manageTabs.noListeningSessions": "还没有 — 打开会话的「来源 ▸ 频道」即可订阅频道。",
+  "manageTabs.unsubscribeSession": "取消此会话订阅",
+  "manageTabs.allowedToMessage": "允许发消息",
+  "manageTabs.nobodyYet": "暂无 — 允许最近的发送者 →",
+  "manageTabs.idTitle": "id {{id}}",
+  "manageTabs.removeTitle": "移除",
+  "manageTabs.recentSenders": "最近的发送者",
+  "manageTabs.noRecentSenders": "还没有。给机器人发一次消息，它就会显示在这里。",
+  "manageTabs.noConnectorTools": "此连接器暂时没有工具。",
+  "manageTabs.toolsExposed": "暴露给 OpenWorker 的工具",
+  "manageTabs.toolAsksApproval": "{{name}} · {{kind}} · 需审批",
+  "manageTabs.couldNotConnect": "无法连接",
+  "manageTabs.couldNotStartManaged": "无法启动托管连接",
+  "manageTabs.couldNotStartConnect": "无法开始连接",
+  "manageTabs.connectWithOneClick": "一键连接 {{title}}",
+  "manageTabs.orConnectManually": "或手动连接：",
+  "manageTabs.oneClickComingSoon": "一键登录即将推出 — 目前请先在下方手动连接：",
+  "manageTabs.signInUnlocksOneClick": "登录后即可一键连接 {{title}} — 或直接在下方手动连接。",
+  "manageTabs.optional": "（可选）",
+  "manageTabs.validating": "验证中…",
+  "personasTab.artwork": "{{slug}} 插画",
+  "personasTab.deleteFailed": "删除失败",
+  "personasTab.installFailed": "安装失败",
+  "personasTab.installed_one": "已安装 {{count}} 个人设 — 请在下方查看并启用。",
+  "personasTab.installed_other": "已安装 {{count}} 个人设 — 请在下方查看并启用。",
+  "personasTab.intro": "启用一个同事，然后选择它是否出现在新建会话的选择器中。带星号的人设是新会话的默认选择。",
+  "personasTab.defaultForNewSessions": "新会话的默认选择",
+  "personasTab.builtIn": "· 内置",
+  "personasTab.inPicker": "在选择器中",
+  "personasTab.setDefault": "设为默认",
+  "personasTab.configurePersona": "配置 {{name}}",
+  "personasTab.keep": "保留",
+  "personasTab.deletePersonaTitle": "删除此人设",
+  "personasTab.deletePersona": "删除 {{name}}",
+  "personasTab.disableArchives_one": "禁用会归档其 {{count}} 个对话 — 在「显示已归档」下仍可访问。",
+  "personasTab.disableArchives_other": "禁用会归档其 {{count}} 个对话 — 在「显示已归档」下仍可访问。",
+  "personasTab.keepEnabled": "保持启用",
+  "personasTab.addPersonas": "添加人设",
+  "personasTab.addHelp": "从本地目录或公开的 GitHub 仓库加载。文件会被复制到受管区域（快照），因此即使源发生变化，人设也能保持稳定。不会运行任何代码 — 人设只组合经过验证的工具。",
+  "personasTab.gitHubUrl": "GitHub 地址",
+  "personasTab.localDirectory": "本地目录",
+  "personasTab.gitPlaceholder": "https://github.com/acme/ops-persona",
+  "personasTab.dirPlaceholder": "/path/to/personas",
+  "personasTab.installing": "安装中…",
+  "personasTab.tools": "工具：{{list}}",
+  "personasTab.risk": "风险：{{list}}",
+  "personasTab.riskRead": "只读",
+  "personasTab.connectorsSuffix": " · 连接器",
+  "personasTab.messagingSuffix": " · 消息",
+  "personasTab.mcpSuffix": " · mcp: {{list}}",
+  "personasTab.recommendedMode": "推荐模式：{{mode}}。在上方启用后即可使用。",
+  "personaView.couldNotLoad": "无法加载此人设。",
+  "personaView.title": "人设",
+  "personaView.enablePersona": "启用此人设",
+  "personaView.about": "关于",
+  "personaView.builtInCapabilities": "内置能力",
+  "personaView.connectionsForFullBenefit": "连接以发挥全部能力",
+  "personaView.connectionsHelp": "由人设声明 — 将 {{name}} 接入这些连接以解锁完整工作流。",
+  "personaView.newSessionsDefault": "新会话默认启用",
+  "personaView.defaultConnectionsHelp": "当你启动 {{name}} 会话时，这些连接会自动启用。你仍可在每个会话中将其静音。",
+  "personaView.connectToEnable": " · 连接后启用",
+  "personaView.onByDefault": "新会话默认开启",
+  "personaView.connectFirst": "请先连接此项",
+  "personaView.defaultMode": "默认模式",
+  "personaView.workspace": "工作区",
+  "skills.somethingWentWrong": "出错了。",
+  "skills.confirmation": " — 现在可以在每个对话中使用该技能。",
+  "skills.offNote": "已全面关闭。如果某个对话已经使用过它，请新建一个对话以获得完全干净的起点。",
+  "skills.deleteNote": "已删除。如果某个对话已经使用过它，请新建一个对话以获得完全干净的起点。",
+  "skills.skillDefault": "技能",
+  "skills.title": "技能",
+  "skills.subtitle": "可在每个对话中复用的指令。在这里关闭即为全局关闭。",
+  "skills.addSkill": "添加技能",
+  "skills.writeItMyself": "自己编写",
+  "skills.writeItMyselfDesc": "名称、描述和指令",
+  "skills.importFile": "导入文件",
+  "skills.importFileDesc": "他人分享的 .zip 或 SKILL.md — 安装前你会先检查",
+  "skills.createWithOpenWorker": "交给 OpenWorker 创建",
+  "skills.createWithOpenWorkerDesc": "开启一个对话 — 由 OpenWorker 构建并在添加到你的技能前先征询",
+  "skills.uploadArchive": "上传技能归档",
+  "skills.reviewBeforeInstalling": "安装前请先检查",
+  "skills.reviewHelp": "请先阅读指令 — 安装技能意味着 OpenWorker 将遵循这些指令。",
+  "skills.noDescription": "无描述",
+  "skills.bundledFiles": "捆绑文件：{{list}}",
+  "skills.installSkill": "安装技能",
+  "skills.newSkill": "新建技能",
+  "skills.editSkill": "编辑 {{name}}",
+  "skills.name": "名称",
+  "skills.namePlaceholder": "weekly-report",
+  "skills.description": "描述",
+  "skills.descriptionPlaceholder": "一句话，用于让 OpenWorker 判断何时使用此技能",
+  "skills.instructions": "指令",
+  "skills.instructionsPlaceholder": "1. 汇总上周的更新\n2. 撰写报告，不超过 300 字",
+  "skills.saveSkill": "保存技能",
+  "skills.emptyBefore": "还没有技能 — ",
+  "skills.emptyAfter": " 可以教会你的 OpenWorker 第一个技能，例如「准备我的周一状态报告」。",
+  "skills.showFolder": "显示文件夹",
+  "skills.fileCount_one": "{{count}} 个文件",
+  "skills.fileCount_other": "{{count}} 个文件",
+  "skills.deleteSkill": "删除 {{name}}",
+  "skills.confirmDelete": "确认删除",
+  "skills.enabledState": "{{name}} 已启用",
+  "channelPicker.placeholderLink": "slack:C0123 或频道链接",
+  "channelPicker.inviteFull": "在 Slack 中邀请 @ocw 加入此频道，这样它才能监听",
+  "connectorCard.via": "通过 {{label}}",
+  "providers.connected": "✓ 已连接",
+  "providers.lastUsed": " · 上次使用 {{used}}",
+  "providers.running": "✓ 运行中",
+  "providers.notSetUp": "未配置",
+  "providers.savedPill": "✓ 已保存",
+  "providers.testedAndSaved": "✓ 测试并保存",
+  "providers.detected": "✓ 已检测",
+  "providers.test": "测试",
+  "providers.detect": "检测",
+  "providers.allProviders": "‹ 所有提供商",
+  "providers.copyCommand": "复制命令",
+  "providers.checkSaves": "运行一次只读检查，然后保存。",
+  "providers.noKeyYet": "还没有密钥？",
+  "providers.createOneAt": "在 {{label}} 创建一个 ↗",
+  "providers.takesAMinute": "— 大约需要一分钟。",
+  "providers.noKeyNeededOllama": "无需 API 密钥 — Ollama 在此电脑上运行模型。",
+  "providers.installOllama": "安装 Ollama ↗",
+  "providers.customEndpoint": "自定义端点 ⌄",
+  "providers.unreachable": "无法连接",
+  "providers.couldntVerify": "无法验证",
+  "conn.backToConnectors": "‹ 连接器",
+  "conn.available": "可用",
+  "conn.connectedCount": "已连接 · {{count}}",
+  "conn.nothingMatches": "没有匹配的结果。",
+  "conn.moreCount": "还有 {{count}} 个 ·",
+  "conn.showAll": "显示全部",
+  "conn.signInNeeded": "● 需要登录",
+  "conn.offline": "● 离线",
+  "conn.reconnecting": "● 重新连接中",
+  "conn.token": "⚠ 令牌",
+  "conn.live": "● 在线",
+  "conn.ready": "● 就绪",
+  "conn.signInUnlocksFull": "登录即可使用一键连接 — 或切换到手动模式，无需登录也能使用。",
+  "conn.notConnected": "未连接",
+  "conn.builtIn": "内置",
+  "conn.disconnect": "断开连接",
+  "conn.accounts": "账户",
+  "conn.addAccount": "＋ 添加账户",
+  "conn.addAccountTitle": "登录 OpenWorker Cloud 即可一键添加 — 或在下方添加令牌",
+  "conn.addAccountComingSoon": "＋ 添加账户 · 即将推出",
+  "conn.addManually": "手动添加",
+  "conn.addAnAccount": "添加账户",
+  "conn.accountsFooter": "每个账户彼此独立 — 工具结果和审批都会标明使用的是哪个账户。",
+  "conn.accountsCount_one": "{{count}} 个账户",
+  "conn.accountsCount_other": "{{count}} 个账户",
+  "conn.makeDefault": "设为默认",
+  "conn.disconnectAccountTitle": "断开此账户",
+  "conn.oneClick": "一键",
+  "conn.connect": "连接",
+  "conn.couldNotStartInstall": "无法开始安装",
+  "conn.mcpOpens": "将在您的浏览器中打开 {{title}} — 请在那里登录并授权访问。无需输入任何令牌，也无需 OpenWorker 账户：整个登录过程完全在您这台电脑上完成。",
+  "conn.mcpToolsNote": "代理将获得一套精选的 {{title}} 工具 · 令牌保留在您这台电脑上",
+  "conn.opensApprove": "将在您的浏览器中打开 {{title}} — 请在那里授权访问。无需输入令牌；用另一个账户再次连接即可将其一并添加。",
+  "conn.tokensStay": "令牌保留在您这台电脑上",
+  "conn.slackOpens": "将在您的浏览器中打开 Slack — 请为工作区授权 @ocw。无需令牌；可同时用于任意数量的工作区。",
+  "conn.addToSlack": "添加到 Slack",
+  "conn.relayTokensStay": "中继 · 令牌保留在您这台电脑上",
+  "conn.githubOpens": "将在您的浏览器中打开 GitHub — 请在那里授权 OpenWorker。已有的 @ocw-agent App 安装会直接关联；否则您需要选择一个账户和仓库。无需输入令牌；代理将以 ocw-agent[bot] 身份运行。",
+  "conn.connectGithub": "连接 GitHub",
+  "conn.relayShortLived": "中继 · 短期令牌，绝不存储",
+  "conn.hubspotOpens": "将在您的浏览器中打开 HubSpot — 请在那里选择门户。代理可以做什么，现在授权时就应选定：",
+  "conn.hubspotReadOnly": "只读",
+  "conn.hubspotReadOnlyDesc": "搜索和读取联系人、公司、交易、工单",
+  "conn.hubspotReadWrite": "读写",
+  "conn.hubspotReadWriteDesc": "还可：记录备注和任务、更新记录、创建联系人 — 绝不删除",
+  "conn.connectHubspot": "连接 HubSpot",
+  "conn.anyPortals": "可同时用于任意数量的门户 · 令牌保留在您这台电脑上",
+  "conn.slackManualStep1": "在 api.slack.com/apps 创建一个应用",
+  "conn.slackManualStep2": "启用 Socket Mode，添加机器人权限范围，并将其安装到您的工作区",
+  "conn.slackManualStep3": "粘贴两个令牌",
+  "conn.botTokenPlaceholder": "机器人令牌 · xoxb-…",
+  "conn.appTokenPlaceholder": "应用令牌 · xapp-…",
+  "conn.oneModeAtATime": "同一时间只能使用一种模式 — 这会暂停所有中继工作区。",
+  "conn.keysStoredOnly": "密钥和令牌仅存储在您这台电脑上。可随时断开连接。",
+  "conn.tools": "工具",
+  "conn.toolsCount_one": "该连接器新增 {{count}} 个工具",
+  "conn.toolsCount_other": "该连接器新增 {{count}} 个工具",
+  "conn.asksFirst": "先询问",
+  "conn.gcalOneClickSoon": "谷歌一键登录即将推出",
+  "conn.signInCloudFirst": "请先登录 OpenWorker Cloud",
+  "conn.signInWithGoogle": "使用 Google 登录 — 每个账户彼此独立，代理会说明使用的是哪一个。",
+  "conn.requiresCloudSignIn": " 需要云登录。",
+  "conn.signInAgain": "⚠ 请重新登录",
+  "conn.calendarFooter": "创建、修改或删除事件时总会先请求您的批准，并且批准中会标明所使用的账户。",
+  "conn.workspacesRelay_one": "{{count}} 个工作区 · 中继",
+  "conn.workspacesRelay_other": "{{count}} 个工作区 · 中继",
+  "conn.portalsCount_other": "{{count}} 个门户",
+  "conn.portalsCount_one": "{{count}} 个门户",
+  "conn.liveManagedRelay": "● 在线 · 托管中继",
+  "conn.relaySignInNeeded": "● 需要登录 — 中继已暂停",
+  "conn.relayOffline": "● 离线 — 无法连接中继",
+  "conn.relayReconnecting": "● 正在重新连接中继…",
+  "conn.connectedPat": "● 已连接 · 个人访问令牌",
+  "conn.addInstallation": "＋ 添加安装",
+  "conn.addInstallationTitle": "添加安装",
+  "conn.githubIntro": "一个 @ocw-agent App，按账户或组织分别安装 — 您在 GitHub 上选择仓库；每个安装都有自己的允许列表。",
+  "conn.githubCloudNeed": " 一键连接需要云登录；使用 PAT 则无需登录。",
+  "conn.listening": "正在监听",
+  "conn.githubTriggers": "触发方式：@ocw-agent 提及和“ocw-agent”标签。代理会以 ocw-agent[bot] 身份回复。",
+  "conn.installationId": "安装 {{id}}",
+  "conn.allRepos": "所有仓库",
+  "conn.selectedRepos": "所选仓库",
+  "conn.installationRevoked": "⚠ 安装已被撤销 — 请重新安装",
+  "conn.githubNobodyAllowed": "尚未允许任何人 — @ocw-agent 提及会出现在这里等待您确认。",
+  "conn.disconnectInstallationTitle": "停止将此安装中继到这台电脑。该 App 仍会保留在 GitHub 上。",
+  "conn.disconnecting": "正在断开…",
+  "conn.disconnectInstallation": "断开此安装",
+  "conn.people": "成员",
+  "conn.nobodyYetGithub": "暂无 — 请在下方批准等待中的发送者",
+  "conn.waiting": "等待中",
+  "conn.inChat": "位于 {{name}}",
+  "conn.allowDeliverMentionTitle": "允许该发送者并立即投递此提及",
+  "conn.allowMentionTitle": "允许该发送者；此提及将被丢弃",
+  "conn.githubPatCard": "个人访问令牌 · 仅工具。安装 GitHub App 后，@提及和代理标签才能到达这台电脑。",
+  "conn.gmailSignInWithGoogle": "使用 Google 登录 — 每个邮箱彼此独立，代理会说明使用的是哪一个。",
+  "conn.disconnectMailbox": "断开此邮箱",
+  "conn.neverShowAgents": "永不向代理显示",
+  "conn.senders": "发件人",
+  "conn.sendersPlaceholder": "name@example.com 或 @domain.com",
+  "conn.labels": "标签",
+  "conn.labelsPlaceholder": "标签名称，例如 Personal",
+  "conn.gmailFiltersEnforced": "过滤在这台电脑上强制执行，先于代理看到结果。隐藏的数量会显示在工具卡片和动态中 — 绝不显示内容。",
+  "conn.gmailFiltersSilently": "匹配的邮件会静默地从代理读取的内容中排除 — 不留任何可探测的痕迹。",
+  "conn.addPortal": "＋ 添加门户",
+  "conn.addPortalTitle": "添加门户",
+  "conn.hubspotIntro": "连接一个门户 — 只读或读写授权在同意时选定；无论哪种方式都没有删除工具。",
+  "conn.portals": "门户",
+  "conn.sandbox": "沙盒",
+  "conn.readAndWrite": "读写",
+  "conn.privateApp": "私有应用",
+  "conn.disconnectPortal": "断开此门户",
+  "conn.accessAndPrivacy": "访问与隐私",
+  "conn.hiddenFields": "隐藏字段",
+  "conn.propertyPlaceholder": "属性名称，例如 salary",
+  "conn.hubspotHiddenFooter": "从代理读取的每一条记录中剥离，适用于所有门户。",
+  "conn.hubspotFooter": "隐藏字段永远不会到达代理；被剥离的数量会记入动态。要限制人类同事可以请求的内容，请对已连接用户使用 HubSpot 的权限集。",
+  "conn.hubId": "hub {{id}}",
+  "conn.socketModeManual": "● 已连接 · Socket Mode（手动令牌）",
+  "conn.addWorkspace": "＋ 添加工作区",
+  "conn.addWorkspaceTitle": "添加工作区",
+  "conn.slackIntro": "一个 @ocw App，按工作区分别安装 — 每个工作区都有自己的允许列表。",
+  "conn.slackCloudNeed": " 一键连接需要云登录；手动模式则无需登录。",
+  "conn.workspace": "工作区",
+  "conn.manualTokens": "· 手动令牌",
+  "conn.namesFromSlack": "名称自动来自 Slack。将鼠标悬停在 ID 上可查看。",
+  "conn.tokenRevokedReinstall": "⚠ 令牌已被撤销 — 请重新安装",
+  "conn.slackNobodyAllowed": "尚未允许任何人 — 对机器人的提及会出现在这里等待您确认。",
+  "conn.disconnectWorkspaceTitle": "停止将此工作区中继到这台电脑。该 App 仍会保留在 Slack 中。",
+  "conn.disconnectWorkspace": "断开此工作区",
+  "conn.slackNobodyYet": "暂无 — 选择一个人，或在下方批准等待中的发送者",
+  "conn.you": "你",
+  "conn.youSuffix": "· 你",
+  "conn.ownerProtectedTitle": "请先移除审批负责人的访问权限，再移除此人。",
+  "conn.ownerSuffix": "· 负责人",
+  "conn.addPerson": "＋ 添加成员",
+  "conn.pickFromDirectory": "从工作区通讯录中选择",
+  "conn.typeName": "输入姓名…",
+  "conn.directoryUnavailable": "通讯录不可用",
+  "conn.couldNotAddPerson": "无法添加成员",
+  "conn.noMatches": "无匹配结果",
+  "conn.guest": "访客",
+  "conn.directoryStaysLocal": "来自您的工作区通讯录 — 仅保留在这台电脑上。",
+  "conn.approvals": "审批",
+  "conn.chooseApprovalOwner": "在将 Inbox 审批路由到 Slack 之前，请至少选择一个负责人。",
+  "conn.installerSuffix": "· 安装者",
+  "conn.removeApprovalOwnerTitle": "移除审批负责人",
+  "conn.addOwner": "＋ 添加负责人",
+  "conn.setByInstaller": "由工作区安装者设置。",
+  "conn.couldNotRemoveApprovalOwner": "无法移除审批负责人",
+  "conn.allowDeliverMessageTitle": "允许该发送者并立即投递此消息",
+  "conn.allowMessageTitle": "允许该发送者；此消息将被丢弃",
+  "conn.toolsEnabled": "已启用 {{enabled}} / 共 {{total}} 个",
+  "conn.read": "只读",
+  "conn.hiwTitle": "Slack 与 OpenWorker 快速上手",
+  "conn.hiwShowTitle": "显示提及如何工作",
+  "conn.hiwCollapseTitle": "收起 — 可随时重新展开",
+  "conn.hiwHowItWorks": "工作原理",
+  "conn.hiwWorkspace": "工作区",
+  "conn.hiwConnected": "已连接",
+  "conn.hiwOnPeople": " — 您已在成员列表中，因此您的提及可以直接送达。",
+  "conn.hiwMentionsReach": " — 以下是提及如何到达您。",
+  "conn.hiwTabMention": "提及 → 会话",
+  "conn.hiwTabThreads": "线程保持连接",
+  "conn.hiwTabTeammates": "允许队友",
+  "conn.hiwCaptionMention": "在被邀请的任何频道中提及 @OpenWorker — 这里会打开一个会话，答案会作为线程回到 Slack 中。",
+  "conn.hiwCaptionThreads": "在线程中再次提及 — 对话会在同一会话中继续，上下文完整保留。线程即会话。",
+  "conn.hiwCaptionTeammates": "队友不会自动获得信任：他们的第一次提及会等待您的确认，然后才会加入成员列表。",
+  "conn.hiwThreads": "线程",
+  "conn.hiwDraftsSent": "草稿和已发送",
+  "conn.hiwChannels": "频道",
+  "conn.hiwDirectMessages": "私信",
+  "conn.hiwAgentsApps": "代理和应用",
+  "conn.hiwSlackSearch": "⌕ 描述您要查找的内容",
+  "conn.hiwNewSession": "＋ 新建会话",
+  "conn.hiwSearch": "⌕ 搜索",
+  "conn.hiwAutomations": "◷ 自动化",
+  "conn.hiwRecent": "最近",
+  "conn.hiwStickyMention": "@提及会开启一个新会话 →",
+  "conn.hiwStickyThread": "答案会以线程形式返回 ↑",
+  "conn.hiwStickySameConv": "在线程中继续对话会延续同一会话 →",
+  "conn.hiwStickyFirstTime": "首次发送者需等待您的确认",
+  "conn.hiwMembers": "· {{count}} 名成员",
+  "conn.hiwToday": "今天",
+  "conn.hiwTodayAt": "今天 {{time}}",
+  "conn.hiwReplies_one": "{{count}} 条回复",
+  "conn.hiwReplies_other": "{{count}} 条回复",
+  "conn.hiwSummarizeThread": "总结这个线程",
+  "conn.hiwMentionSummarize": "@OpenWorker 总结这个线程",
+  "conn.hiwMessageChannel": "发送消息到 #{{channel}}",
+  "conn.hiwThread": "线程",
+  "conn.hiwLaunchTraction": "发布带来的增长势头：注册量上涨了 3.4 倍…",
+  "conn.hiwLaunchTractionShort": "发布带来的增长势头：注册量上涨了 3.4 倍…",
+  "conn.hiwReply": "回复…",
+  "conn.hiwSummarizeChannel": "总结 #{{channel}}",
+  "conn.hiwViaSlackNow": "通过 Slack · 现在",
+  "conn.hiwViaSlack": "通过 Slack",
+  "conn.hiwReadingThread": "正在阅读线程… 注册量增长 3.4 倍，最大来源是媒体页。",
+  "conn.hiwReplyingInThread": "（正在 Slack 线程中回复）",
+  "conn.hiwMessageOpenWorker": "给 OpenWorker 发消息…",
+  "conn.hiwBreakDown": "按国家/地区拆分一下？",
+  "conn.hiwTopCountries": "主要来源：美国 41% · 印度 22% · 德国 9%…",
+  "conn.hiwSignupsShort": "…注册量增长 3.4 倍，最大来源是媒体页。",
+  "conn.hiwViaSlackSameSession": "通过 Slack — 同一会话",
+  "conn.hiwTopCountriesFull": "主要国家/地区：美国 41%、印度 22%、德国 9% — 上下文从整个线程保留。",
+  "conn.hiwPullSignups": "拉取一下注册数据？",
+  "conn.hiwAfterYouAllow": "在您允许后",
+  "conn.hiwSlackWorkspace": "Slack — {{name}}",
+  "conn.hiwIsWaitingSuffix": "正在等待",
+  "conn.hiwWaitCaption": "每位队友的<b>第一条</b>提及都会等待您的确认 — 通过后即可加入成员列表，一切畅通。",
+  "conn.hiwSignups": "发布后注册量正在激增 📈"
+}
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/main.tsx b/surfaces/gui/src/main.tsx
index 6cecf54d..1f1c9c1a 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/src/main.tsx
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/main.tsx
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ import ReactDOM from "react-dom/client";
 import { App } from "./App";
 import { initTheme } from "./theme";
 import { platformOS } from "./tauri";
+import { I18nextProvider } from "react-i18next";
+import i18n from "./i18n";
 import "./tailwind.css";
 import "./styles.css";
 
@@ -11,14 +13,16 @@ initTheme();
 document.documentElement.dataset.platform = platformOS();
 
 // A file dropped OUTSIDE a drop target (the composer) must never navigate the webview to the
-// file itself — the browser/WKWebView default. Drop targets stopPropagation-free preventDefault
+// file itself �?the browser/WKWebView default. Drop targets stopPropagation-free preventDefault
 // in their own handlers; these guards only catch the misses. (The desktop shell disables Tauri's
-// native drag-drop interception so HTML5 drag events reach the DOM at all — see lib.rs.)
+// native drag-drop interception so HTML5 drag events reach the DOM at all �?see lib.rs.)
 window.addEventListener("dragover", (e) => e.preventDefault());
 window.addEventListener("drop", (e) => e.preventDefault());
 
 ReactDOM.createRoot(document.getElementById("root")!).render(
   <React.StrictMode>
-    <App />
+    <I18nextProvider i18n={i18n}>
+      <App />
+    </I18nextProvider>
   </React.StrictMode>,
 );
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/providers/ProviderSetup.tsx b/surfaces/gui/src/providers/ProviderSetup.tsx
index 1d8dc881..810a49bd 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/src/providers/ProviderSetup.tsx
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/providers/ProviderSetup.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useEffect, useRef, useState, type ReactNode } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import {
   getProviders,
   removeProvider,
@@ -54,15 +55,18 @@ export function ProviderMark({ name, title, size = 32 }: { name: string; title:
 }
 
 /** "2h ago"-style label for a provider's last completion (null when never used). */
-export function relTime(epoch?: number | null): string | null {
+export function relTime(
+  t: (s: string, o?: Record<string, unknown>) => string,
+  epoch?: number | null,
+): string | null {
   if (!epoch) return null;
   const secs = Math.max(0, Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000 - epoch));
-  if (secs < 90) return "just now";
+  if (secs < 90) return t("time.justNow");
   const mins = Math.floor(secs / 60);
-  if (mins < 60) return `${mins}m ago`;
+  if (mins < 60) return t("time.minAgo", { count: mins });
   const hrs = Math.floor(mins / 60);
-  if (hrs < 48) return `${hrs}h ago`;
-  return `${Math.floor(hrs / 24)}d ago`;
+  if (hrs < 48) return t("time.hourAgo", { count: hrs });
+  return t("time.dayAgo", { count: Math.floor(hrs / 24) });
 }
 
 export interface ProviderSetupState {
@@ -95,6 +99,7 @@ export interface ProviderSetupState {
 }
 
 export function useProviderSetup(opts?: { onSaved?: () => void }): ProviderSetupState {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [providers, setProviders] = useState<ProviderInfo[]>([]);
   // null = the gallery; a provider name = that provider's key form.
   const [sel, setSel] = useState<string | null>(null);
@@ -154,9 +159,9 @@ export function useProviderSetup(opts?: { onSaved?: () => void }): ProviderSetup
   const runTestAndSave = async (): Promise<boolean> => {
     if (!sel) return false;
     setVerify({ state: "testing" });
-    const res = await verifyProvider(sel, fields).catch(() => ({ ok: false, error: "unreachable" }));
+    const res = await verifyProvider(sel, fields).catch(() => ({ ok: false, error: t("providers.unreachable") }));
     if (!res.ok) {
-      setVerify({ state: "error", msg: res.error || "couldn't verify" });
+      setVerify({ state: "error", msg: res.error || t("providers.couldntVerify") });
       return false;
     }
     if (dirty || !info?.configured) await setProvider(sel, fields).catch(() => {});
@@ -216,20 +221,21 @@ export function useProviderSetup(opts?: { onSaved?: () => void }): ProviderSetup
 
   const statusFor = (p: ProviderInfo, o?: { lastUsed?: boolean }) => {
     if (p.configured && p.needs_key) {
-      const used = o?.lastUsed ? relTime(p.last_used_at) : null;
+      const used = o?.lastUsed ? relTime(t, p.last_used_at) : null;
       return (
         <span className="block text-[11.5px] text-ok font-medium truncate">
-          ✓ Connected{used ? <span className="text-muted font-normal"> · used {used}</span> : ""}
+          {t("providers.connected")}
+          {used ? <span className="text-muted font-normal">{t("providers.lastUsed", { used })}</span> : ""}
         </span>
       );
     }
     if (!p.needs_key)
       return (
         <span className="block text-[11.5px] text-faint truncate">
-          {keylessOk.has(p.name) ? <span className="text-ok font-medium">✓ Running</span> : "No key needed"}
+          {keylessOk.has(p.name) ? <span className="text-ok font-medium">{t("providers.running")}</span> : t("providers.keyless")}
         </span>
       );
-    return <span className="block text-[11.5px] text-faint truncate">Not set up</span>;
+    return <span className="block text-[11.5px] text-faint truncate">{t("providers.notSetUp")}</span>;
   };
 
   return {
@@ -318,6 +324,7 @@ export function ProviderForm({
   tp: string;
   footer?: ReactNode;
 }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const { info, sel } = ps;
   const label = "block text-[12px] text-muted mt-3 mb-1";
   const input =
@@ -361,7 +368,7 @@ export function ProviderForm({
               className="absolute right-2 top-1/2 -translate-y-1/2 text-[11px] font-medium text-ok bg-okSoft rounded-full px-2 py-0.5 pointer-events-none"
               data-testid={`${tp}-field-saved-${f.key}`}
             >
-              ✓ Saved
+              {t("providers.savedPill")}
             </span>
           )}
           {/* §39: state lives IN the field — no status lines below. */}
@@ -370,7 +377,7 @@ export function ProviderForm({
               className="absolute right-2 top-1/2 -translate-y-1/2 text-[11px] font-medium text-ok bg-okSoft rounded-full px-2 py-0.5 pointer-events-none"
               data-testid={`${tp}-saved-pill`}
             >
-              {info?.needs_key ? <>✓ Tested &amp; saved</> : <>✓ Detected</>}
+              {info?.needs_key ? t("providers.testedAndSaved") : t("providers.detected")}
             </span>
           )}
         </div>
@@ -381,7 +388,7 @@ export function ProviderForm({
             disabled={ps.verify.state === "testing" || (!ps.secretFilled && !ps.credentialed)}
             data-testid={`${tp}-test`}
           >
-            {ps.verify.state === "testing" ? "…" : info?.needs_key ? "Test" : "Detect"}
+            {ps.verify.state === "testing" ? "…" : info?.needs_key ? t("providers.test") : t("providers.detect")}
           </button>
         )}
       </div>
@@ -392,7 +399,7 @@ export function ProviderForm({
   return (
     <div>
       <button className="text-[12.5px] text-muted hover:text-ink" onClick={ps.backToGallery} data-testid={`${tp}-back`}>
-        ‹ All providers
+        {t("providers.allProviders")}
       </button>
       <div className="flex items-center gap-3 mt-3 mb-1">
         <ProviderMark name={info?.name || ""} title={info?.title || ""} size={36} />
@@ -456,7 +463,7 @@ export function ProviderForm({
               <button
                 className="mt-2.5 inline-flex items-center gap-2 rounded-lg border border-line bg-panel px-2.5 py-1.5 text-[12px] font-mono text-ink hover:border-lineStrong"
                 onClick={() => void navigator.clipboard?.writeText(selected.command || "")}
-                title="Copy command"
+                title={t("providers.copyCommand")}
                 data-testid={`${tp}-cmd-copy`}
               >
                 {selected.command}
@@ -467,10 +474,10 @@ export function ProviderForm({
             <div className="mt-3.5 flex items-center justify-between gap-3 border-t border-line pt-3">
               {ps.savedState ? (
                 <span className="text-[11.5px] font-medium text-ok" data-testid={`${tp}-saved-pill`}>
-                  ✓ Tested &amp; saved
+                  {t("providers.testedAndSaved")}
                 </span>
               ) : (
-                <span className="text-[11.5px] text-faint">Runs one read-only check, then saves.</span>
+                <span className="text-[11.5px] text-faint">{t("providers.checkSaves")}</span>
               )}
               <button
                 className="shrink-0 rounded-lg border border-accent bg-accent px-4 py-1.5 text-[13px] font-medium text-white hover:brightness-105 disabled:opacity-40"
@@ -478,7 +485,7 @@ export function ProviderForm({
                 disabled={ps.verify.state === "testing"}
                 data-testid={`${tp}-test`}
               >
-                {ps.verify.state === "testing" ? "…" : <>Test &amp; save</>}
+                {ps.verify.state === "testing" ? "…" : t("providers.testAndSave")}
               </button>
             </div>
           </div>
@@ -487,24 +494,24 @@ export function ProviderForm({
 
       {info?.needs_key && KEY_HELP[sel] && (
         <p className="text-[11.5px] text-faint mt-2">
-          No key yet?{" "}
+          {t("providers.noKeyYet")}{" "}
           <button
             className="text-muted underline decoration-line underline-offset-2 hover:text-ink"
             onClick={() => openExternal(KEY_HELP[sel].url)}
           >
-            Create one at {KEY_HELP[sel].label} ↗
+            {t("providers.createOneAt", { label: KEY_HELP[sel].label })}
           </button>{" "}
-          — takes about a minute.
+          {t("providers.takesAMinute")}
         </p>
       )}
       {info && !info.needs_key && (
         <p className="text-[11.5px] text-faint mt-2">
-          No API key needed — Ollama runs models on this computer.{" "}
+          {t("providers.noKeyNeededOllama")}{" "}
           <button
             className="text-muted underline decoration-line underline-offset-2 hover:text-ink"
             onClick={() => openExternal("https://ollama.com/download")}
           >
-            Install Ollama ↗
+            {t("providers.installOllama")}
           </button>
         </p>
       )}
@@ -523,7 +530,7 @@ export function ProviderForm({
               onClick={() => ps.setShowEndpoint(true)}
               data-testid={`${tp}-endpoint-link`}
             >
-              Custom endpoint ⌄
+              {t("providers.customEndpoint")}
             </button>
           );
         return (
@@ -544,7 +551,7 @@ export function ProviderForm({
                   className="absolute right-2 top-1/2 -translate-y-1/2 text-[11px] font-medium text-ok bg-okSoft rounded-full px-2 py-0.5 pointer-events-none"
                   data-testid={`${tp}-field-saved-${ep.key}`}
                 >
-                  ✓ Saved
+                  {t("providers.savedPill")}
                 </span>
               )}
             </div>
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/src/test-setup.ts b/surfaces/gui/src/test-setup.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..66b62002
--- /dev/null
+++ b/surfaces/gui/src/test-setup.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import { initReactI18next } from "react-i18next";
+import i18n from "./i18n";
+import en from "./locales/en.json";
+
+// Tests assert against English UI text, so initialize i18n with the English
+// bundle (the app defaults to zh, which would make t() return raw keys here).
+i18n.use(initReactI18next).init({
+  resources: {
+    en: { translation: en },
+  },
+  lng: "en",
+  fallbackLng: "en",
+  interpolation: {
+    escapeValue: false,
+  },
+});
diff --git a/surfaces/gui/vitest.config.ts b/surfaces/gui/vitest.config.ts
index 6d6f8977..8f78ab57 100644
--- a/surfaces/gui/vitest.config.ts
+++ b/surfaces/gui/vitest.config.ts
@@ -8,5 +8,6 @@ export default defineConfig({
   test: {
     environment: "jsdom",
     include: ["src/**/*.test.{ts,tsx}"],
+    setupFiles: ["src/test-setup.ts"],
   },
 });