[Variant] Support `BinaryArray`/`LargeBinaryArray` in addition to `BinaryViewArray` for Variant

[alamb]

Is your feature request related to a problem or challenge? Please describe what you are trying to do.

• part of [EPIC] [Parquet] Implement Variant type support in Parquet #6736

Describe the solution you'd like
Currently VariantArray requires BinaryViewArray but by default the Parquet reader produces BinaryArray -- this means that without a workaround, it is not possible to read data from the ParquetReader without converting

According to the Arrow canonical extension type (see apache/arrow#47456) BinaryArray is valid (as is BinaryViewArray)

I added a workaround in

• Path Finding: Support reading/writing VariantArray to parquet with Variant LogicalType #8365

But this ticket tracks the work to actually support BinaryArray properly in VariantArray

Describe alternatives you've considered

Additional context

[alamb]

@mbrobbel notes here here are the other types in the arrow spec we should be supporting

• https://github.com/apache/arrow/blob/d803afcc43f5d132506318fd9e162d33b2c3d4cd/docs/source/format/CanonicalExtensions.rst?plain=1#L442-L465