Improve `SessionContext::parse_duration` API

[erenavsarogullari]

Is your feature request related to a problem or challenge?

This is follow-up issue for #20371.

Similarly to SessionContext::parse_capacity_limit API, SessionContext::parse_duration API also needs to have following improvements:

1. Validation for empty or blank duration values:

SET datafusion.runtime.list_files_cache_ttl = ' '

Current:
DataFusion error: Error during planning: Failed to parse number from duration ' '

New:
DataFusion error: Error during planning: Duration should not be empty or blank for 'datafusion.runtime.list_files_cache_ttl'

2. Exposing config name in error messages,
3. Comprehensive test coverage for invalid durations,
4. Updating datafusion.runtime.list_files_cache_ttl documentation for other allowed settings.

Describe the solution you'd like

Explained by first section.

Describe alternatives you've considered

No response

Additional context

No response

[erenavsarogullari]

take