[ty] Add hint about resolved Python version when a user attempts to import a member added on a newer version (#21615)

## Summary

Fixes astral-sh/ty#1620. #20909 added hints if
you do something like this and your Python version is set to 3.10 or
lower:

```py
import typing

typing.LiteralString
```

And we also have hints if you try to do something like this and your
Python version is set too low:

```py
from stdlib_module import new_submodule
```

But we don't currently have any subdiagnostic hint if you do something
like _this_ and your Python version is set too low:

```py
from typing import LiteralString
```

This PR adds that hint!

## Test Plan

snapshots

---------

Co-authored-by: Aria Desires <[email protected]>

Author: AlexWaygood

crates/ty/tests/cli/python_environment.rs

@@ -37,7 +37,8 @@ fn config_override_python_version() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
     5 | print(sys.last_exc)
       |       ^^^^^^^^^^^^
       |
-    info: Python 3.11 was assumed when accessing `last_exc`
+    info: The member may be available on other Python versions or platforms
+    info: Python 3.11 was assumed when resolving the `last_exc` attribute
      --> pyproject.toml:3:18
       |
     2 | [tool.ty.environment]
@@ -1179,6 +1180,8 @@ fn defaults_to_a_new_python_version() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
             import os
 
             os.grantpt(1) # only available on unix, Python 3.13 or newer
+
+            from typing import LiteralString  # added in Python 3.11
             "#,
         ),
     ])?;
@@ -1194,8 +1197,11 @@ fn defaults_to_a_new_python_version() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
     3 |
     4 | os.grantpt(1) # only available on unix, Python 3.13 or newer
       | ^^^^^^^^^^
+    5 |
+    6 | from typing import LiteralString  # added in Python 3.11
       |
-    info: Python 3.10 was assumed when accessing `grantpt`
+    info: The member may be available on other Python versions or platforms
+    info: Python 3.10 was assumed when resolving the `grantpt` attribute
      --> ty.toml:3:18
       |
     2 | [environment]
@@ -1205,7 +1211,26 @@ fn defaults_to_a_new_python_version() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
       |
     info: rule `unresolved-attribute` is enabled by default
 
-    Found 1 diagnostic
+    error[unresolved-import]: Module `typing` has no member `LiteralString`
+     --> main.py:6:20
+      |
+    4 | os.grantpt(1) # only available on unix, Python 3.13 or newer
+    5 |
+    6 | from typing import LiteralString  # added in Python 3.11
+      |                    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+      |
+    info: The member may be available on other Python versions or platforms
+    info: Python 3.10 was assumed when resolving imports
+     --> ty.toml:3:18
+      |
+    2 | [environment]
+    3 | python-version = "3.10"
+      |                  ^^^^^^ Python 3.10 assumed due to this configuration setting
+    4 | python-platform = "linux"
+      |
+    info: rule `unresolved-import` is enabled by default
+
+    Found 2 diagnostics
 
     ----- stderr -----
     "#);
@@ -1225,6 +1250,8 @@ fn defaults_to_a_new_python_version() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
             import os
 
             os.grantpt(1) # only available on unix, Python 3.13 or newer
+
+            from typing import LiteralString  # added in Python 3.11
             "#,
         ),
     ])?;

crates/ty_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/snapshots/attributes.md_-_Attributes_-_Attributes_of_standa…_(49ba2c9016d64653).snap

@@ -32,7 +32,8 @@ error[unresolved-attribute]: Module `datetime` has no member `UTC`
 5 | # error: [unresolved-attribute]
 6 | reveal_type(datetime.fakenotreal)  # revealed: Unknown
   |
-info: Python 3.10 was assumed when accessing `UTC` because it was specified on the command line
+info: The member may be available on other Python versions or platforms
+info: Python 3.10 was assumed when resolving the `UTC` attribute because it was specified on the command line
 info: rule `unresolved-attribute` is enabled by default
 
 ```

crates/ty_python_semantic/src/types/diagnostic.rs

@@ -3630,30 +3630,32 @@ pub(super) fn report_invalid_method_override<'db>(
 /// *does* exist as a submodule in the standard library on *other* Python
 /// versions, we add a hint to the diagnostic that the user may have
 /// misconfigured their Python version.
+///
+/// The function returns `true` if a hint was added, `false` otherwise.
 pub(super) fn hint_if_stdlib_submodule_exists_on_other_versions(
     db: &dyn Db,
-    mut diagnostic: LintDiagnosticGuard,
+    diagnostic: &mut Diagnostic,
     full_submodule_name: &ModuleName,
     parent_module: Module,
-) {
+) -> bool {
     let Some(search_path) = parent_module.search_path(db) else {
-        return;
+        return false;
     };
 
     if !search_path.is_standard_library() {
-        return;
+        return false;
     }
 
     let program = Program::get(db);
     let typeshed_versions = program.search_paths(db).typeshed_versions();
 
     let Some(version_range) = typeshed_versions.exact(full_submodule_name) else {
-        return;
+        return false;
     };
 
     let python_version = program.python_version(db);
     if version_range.contains(python_version) {
-        return;
+        return false;
     }
 
     diagnostic.info(format_args!(
@@ -3667,7 +3669,9 @@ pub(super) fn hint_if_stdlib_submodule_exists_on_other_versions(
         version_range = version_range.diagnostic_display(),
     ));
 
-    add_inferred_python_version_hint_to_diagnostic(db, &mut diagnostic, "resolving modules");
+    add_inferred_python_version_hint_to_diagnostic(db, diagnostic, "resolving modules");
+
+    true
 }
 
 /// This function receives an unresolved `foo.bar` attribute access,
@@ -3681,8 +3685,9 @@ pub(super) fn hint_if_stdlib_submodule_exists_on_other_versions(
 pub(super) fn hint_if_stdlib_attribute_exists_on_other_versions(
     db: &dyn Db,
     mut diagnostic: LintDiagnosticGuard,
-    value_type: &Type,
+    value_type: Type,
     attr: &str,
+    action: &str,
 ) {
     // Currently we limit this analysis to attributes of stdlib modules,
     // as this covers the most important cases while not being too noisy
@@ -3705,17 +3710,19 @@ pub(super) fn hint_if_stdlib_attribute_exists_on_other_versions(
     // so if this lookup succeeds then we know that this lookup *could* succeed with possible
     // configuration changes.
     let symbol_table = place_table(db, global_scope(db, file));
-    if symbol_table.symbol_by_name(attr).is_none() {
+    let Some(symbol) = symbol_table.symbol_by_name(attr) else {
+        return;
+    };
+
+    if !symbol.is_bound() {
         return;
     }
 
+    diagnostic.info("The member may be available on other Python versions or platforms");
+
     // For now, we just mention the current version they're on, and hope that's enough of a nudge.
     // TODO: determine what version they need to be on
     // TODO: also mention the platform we're assuming
     // TODO: determine what platform they need to be on
-    add_inferred_python_version_hint_to_diagnostic(
-        db,
-        &mut diagnostic,
-        &format!("accessing `{attr}`"),
-    );
+    add_inferred_python_version_hint_to_diagnostic(db, &mut diagnostic, action);
 }

crates/ty_python_semantic/src/types/infer/builder.rs

@@ -6240,18 +6240,30 @@ impl<'db, 'ast> TypeInferenceBuilder<'db, 'ast> {
             return;
         };
 
-        let diagnostic = builder.into_diagnostic(format_args!(
+        let mut diagnostic = builder.into_diagnostic(format_args!(
             "Module `{module_name}` has no member `{name}`"
         ));
 
+        let mut submodule_hint_added = false;
+
         if let Some(full_submodule_name) = full_submodule_name {
-            hint_if_stdlib_submodule_exists_on_other_versions(
+            submodule_hint_added = hint_if_stdlib_submodule_exists_on_other_versions(
                 self.db(),
-                diagnostic,
+                &mut diagnostic,
                 &full_submodule_name,
                 module,
             );
         }
+
+        if !submodule_hint_added {
+            hint_if_stdlib_attribute_exists_on_other_versions(
+                self.db(),
+                diagnostic,
+                module_ty,
+                name,
+                "resolving imports",
+            );
+        }
     }
 
     /// Infer the implicit local definition `x = <module 'whatever.thispackage.x'>` that
@@ -6335,13 +6347,13 @@ impl<'db, 'ast> TypeInferenceBuilder<'db, 'ast> {
             return;
         };
 
-        let diagnostic = builder.into_diagnostic(format_args!(
+        let mut diagnostic = builder.into_diagnostic(format_args!(
             "Module `{thispackage_name}` has no submodule `{final_part}`"
         ));
 
         hint_if_stdlib_submodule_exists_on_other_versions(
             self.db(),
-            diagnostic,
+            &mut diagnostic,
             &full_submodule_name,
             module,
         );
@@ -9131,8 +9143,9 @@ impl<'db, 'ast> TypeInferenceBuilder<'db, 'ast> {
                 hint_if_stdlib_attribute_exists_on_other_versions(
                     db,
                     diagnostic,
-                    &value_type,
+                    value_type,
                     attr_name,
+                    &format!("resolving the `{attr_name}` attribute"),
                 );
 
                 fallback()