Funtion has been added

Author: codeasarjun

04-functions/README.md

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+
+## Overview
+Functions are fundamental building blocks in Python programming that allow you to group code into reusable chunks.
+We can defined using the `def` keyword and can take parameters and return values.
+
+## Files
+
+- `basic_functions.py`: Contains examples of defining and using basic functions.
+- `scope_lifetime.py`: Illustrates how variable scope and lifetime work in Python.
+- `higher_order_functions.py`: Shows examples of higher-order functions, including functions that take other functions as arguments and return functions.
+

04-functions/basic_functions.py

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+def add_numbers(a, b): #funtion declaration
+    return a + b
+
+
+def greet(name): # funtion declaration
+    print(f"Hello, {name}!")
+
+result = add_numbers(3, 5) # fuuntion calling
+print(f"Sum: {result}")
+
+greet("Bob") # function calling

04-functions/higher_order_functions.py

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+
+def apply_function(func, value): #function that takes another function as an argument
+    return func(value)
+
+
+def square(x):
+    return x * x
+
+def double(x):
+    return x * 2
+
+number = 4
+print(f"The square of {number} is {apply_function(square, number)}")
+print(f"The double of {number} is {apply_function(double, number)}")
+
+
+def make_multiplier(factor): # function that returns another function
+    def multiplier(x):
+        return x * factor
+    return multiplier
+
+times_three = make_multiplier(3)
+print(f"5 times 3 is {times_three(5)}")

04-functions/scope_lifetime.py

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+
+global_var = "I'm a global variable" # a global variable
+
+def my_function():
+    
+    local_var = "I'm a local variable" # Local variable
+    print(global_var)  # accessing global variable
+    print(local_var)   # accessing local variable
+
+
+my_function() # calling funtion
+
+# This will raise an error because local_var is not accessible outside the function
+# print(local_var)  # uncommenting this line will cause an error