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1. 环境准备

安装源地址 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/
系统镜像 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.9.2009/isos/x86_64/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-2207-02.iso

如果安装的测试服务器包括图形界面，重启后首次进入系统会有初始化流程
ctrl+alt+f2 进入终端, 卸载首次安装后的初始化流程

yum remove gnome-initial-setup.x86_64
reboot

1.1 更改yum源

curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

1.2 安装基础软件包

yum -y install dhcp xinetd tftp tftp-server httpd 
yum -y install system-config-kickstart
yum -y install syslinux

1.3 防火墙&selinux

systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld
sed -i 's/^SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
reboot
getenforce

1.4 安装图形界面

 如果是最小安装，后续需要安装图形化：
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y groupinstall "Server with GUI" 
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl set-default graphical.target  // 设置默认启动到图形界面
[root@localhost ~]# reboot      // 重启机器

1.5 网卡配置固定ip

vmware环境里面如果网卡选择vmnet8,需要关闭VMware dhcp

vim /etc/resolv.conf

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-ens160 
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=none
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens160
UUID=a7045709-3285-4007-958e-bb6df7486da1
DEVICE=ens160
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.7.100
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.7.2
DNS1=192.168.7.2
[root@localhost network-scripts]#

2. dhcp 配置

vi /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf 
subnet 192.168.7.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
    range 192.168.7.50 192.168.7.100;
    option routers 192.168.7.2;
    option broadcast-address 192.168.7.255;
    option domain-name-servers 223.5.5.5, 8.8.4.4;
    default-lease-time 600;
    max-lease-time 7200;
    filename "pxelinux.0";
    next-server 192.168.7.100;
}

2.1 启动dhcp服务

systemctl start dhcpd
systemctl enable dhcpd

3. 源配置

vi /etc/yum.repos.d/pxe.repo
# 名称必须为 “development”，否则到后面kickstart配置会出现软件包选择出现没有软件包信息
[development]
name=pxe
baseurl=http://192.168.7.100/pub
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

4. 配置httpd服务

mkdir /var/www/html/pub
挂载镜像,拷贝文件
mount /dev/cdrom /var/www/html/pub

4.1 启动服务

systemctl start httpd
systemctl enable httpd

5. tftp 配置

vi /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
#将wait disable 设置为 no

# default: off
# description: The tftp server serves files using the trivial file transfer \
#        protocol.  The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless \
#        workstations, download configuration files to network-aware printers, \
#        and to start the installation process for some operating systems.
service tftp
{
        socket_type                = dgram
        protocol                = udp
        wait                        = no
        user                        = root
        server                        = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
        server_args                = -s /var/lib/tftpboot
        disable                        = no
        per_source                = 11
        cps                        = 100 2
        flags                        = IPv4
}

5.1 复制文件

cp /var/www/html/pub/isolinux/* /var/lib/tftpboot/
#安装syslinux只是为了要 pxelinux.0 引导加载程序
cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/tftpboot/

5.2 启动tftp服务

 tftp 服务是挂载在超级进程 xinetd 下的，所以通过启动 xinetd 来启动 tftp 服务
systemctl start xinetd
systemctl enable xinetd

6.修改default配置

拷贝配置文件

mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg
cp /var/www/html/pub/isolinux/isolinux.cfg /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

#主要修改61-71行 label linux 处
#append initrd=initrd.img ks // 存放ks配置文件的服务器地址和路径，通过该路径找到对应的ks123.cfg文件来引导系统安装
#default linux # 在配置文件第一行找到default，加上label的名称即可。

vi /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

default vesamenu.c32
timeout 600

display boot.msg

# Clear the screen when exiting the menu, instead of leaving the menu displayed.
# For vesamenu, this means the graphical background is still displayed without
# the menu itself for as long as the screen remains in graphics mode.
menu clear
menu background splash.png
menu title CentOS 7
menu vshift 8
menu rows 18
menu margin 8
#menu hidden
menu helpmsgrow 15
menu tabmsgrow 13

# Border Area
menu color border * #00000000 #00000000 none

# Selected item
menu color sel 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none

# Title bar
menu color title 0 #ff7ba3d0 #00000000 none

# Press [Tab] message
menu color tabmsg 0 #ff3a6496 #00000000 none

# Unselected menu item
menu color unsel 0 #84b8ffff #00000000 none

# Selected hotkey
menu color hotsel 0 #84b8ffff #00000000 none

# Unselected hotkey
menu color hotkey 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none

# Help text
menu color help 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none

# A scrollbar of some type? Not sure.
menu color scrollbar 0 #ffffffff #ff355594 none

# Timeout msg
menu color timeout 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none
menu color timeout_msg 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none

# Command prompt text
menu color cmdmark 0 #84b8ffff #00000000 none
menu color cmdline 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none

# Do not display the actual menu unless the user presses a key. All that is displayed is a timeout message.

menu tabmsg Press Tab for full configuration options on menu items.

menu separator # insert an empty line
menu separator # insert an empty line

label linux
  menu label ^Install CentOS 7
  kernel vmlinuz
  append initrd=initrd.img ks=http://192.168.7.100/ks/ks123.cfg
  menu default

menu separator # insert an empty line

# utilities submenu
menu begin ^Troubleshooting
  menu title Troubleshooting

label vesa
  menu indent count 5
  menu label Install CentOS 7 in ^basic graphics mode
  text help
        Try this option out if you're having trouble installing
        CentOS 7.
  endtext
  kernel vmlinuz
  append initrd=initrd.img inst.stage2=hd:LABEL=CentOS\x207\x20x86_64 xdriver=vesa nomodeset quiet

label rescue
  menu indent count 5
  menu label ^Rescue a CentOS system
  text help
        If the system will not boot, this lets you access files
        and edit config files to try to get it booting again.
  endtext
  kernel vmlinuz
  append initrd=initrd.img inst.stage2=hd:LABEL=CentOS\x207\x20x86_64 rescue quiet

label memtest
  menu label Run a ^memory test
  text help
        If your system is having issues, a problem with your
        system's memory may be the cause. Use this utility to
        see if the memory is working correctly.
  endtext
  kernel memtest

menu separator # insert an empty line

label local
  menu label Boot from ^local drive
  localboot 0xffff

menu separator # insert an empty line
menu separator # insert an empty line

label returntomain
  menu label Return to ^main menu
  menu exit

menu end

7. kickstart

7.1 安装kickstart

yum install system-config-kickstart -y

7.2 创建目录

 mkdir /var/www/html/ks

7.3 桌面环境下配置Kickstart，生成ks配置文件

system-config-kickstart

alt text alt text
alt text
alt text
alt text
alt text
alt text image

7.4 拷贝ks配置到ks目录

cp ks123.cfg /var/www/html/ks/

7.5 ks123.cfg

#platform=x86, AMD64, 或 Intel EM64T
#version=DEVEL
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Keyboard layouts
keyboard 'us'
# Root password
rootpw --plaintext 123
# System language
lang zh_CN
# System authorization information
auth  --useshadow  --passalgo=sha512
# Use text mode install
text
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Do not configure the X Window System
skipx


# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# Network information
network  --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0
# Reboot after installation
reboot
# System timezone
timezone Asia/Shanghai
# Use network installation
url --url="http://192.168.7.100/pub"
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
# Disk partitioning information
part / --fstype="xfs" --size=10240
part /boot --fstype="xfs" --size=200

%post
#! /bin/bash
cd root
mkdir 123
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/Centos-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
%end

%packages
@base
@system-management

%end

done.