diff --git a/config/sets/laravel-code-quality.php b/config/sets/laravel-code-quality.php
index d3168e9c1..a8685ab73 100644
--- a/config/sets/laravel-code-quality.php
+++ b/config/sets/laravel-code-quality.php
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 use RectorLaravel\Rector\FuncCall\SleepFuncToSleepStaticCallRector;
 use RectorLaravel\Rector\FuncCall\ThrowIfAndThrowUnlessExceptionsToUseClassStringRector;
 use RectorLaravel\Rector\MethodCall\EloquentOrderByToLatestOrOldestRector;
+use RectorLaravel\Rector\MethodCall\EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector;
 use RectorLaravel\Rector\MethodCall\RedirectBackToBackHelperRector;
 use RectorLaravel\Rector\MethodCall\RedirectRouteToToRouteHelperRector;
 use RectorLaravel\Rector\MethodCall\ReverseConditionableMethodCallRector;
@@ -52,4 +53,5 @@
     $rectorConfig->rule(DispatchToHelperFunctionsRector::class);
     $rectorConfig->rule(NotFilledBlankFuncCallToBlankFilledFuncCallRector::class);
     $rectorConfig->rule(EloquentOrderByToLatestOrOldestRector::class);
+    $rectorConfig->rule(EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector::class);
 };
diff --git a/docs/rector_rules_overview.md b/docs/rector_rules_overview.md
index 9c9c85011..1098d1c5a 100644
--- a/docs/rector_rules_overview.md
+++ b/docs/rector_rules_overview.md
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# 86 Rules Overview
+# 87 Rules Overview
 
 ## AbortIfRector
 
@@ -675,6 +675,30 @@ Changes `orderBy()` to `latest()` or `oldest()`
 
 <br>
 
+## EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector
+
+Refactor model calls to the primary key using the `whereKey` and `whereKeyNot` methods
+
+- class: [`RectorLaravel\Rector\MethodCall\EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector`](../src/Rector/MethodCall/EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector.php)
+
+```diff
+-User::where('id', '=', $user->id)->get();
+-User::where('id', $user->id)->get();
++User::whereKey($user)->get();
++User::whereKey($user)->get();
+```
+
+<br>
+
+```diff
+-User::where('id', '!=', $user->id)->get();
+-User::whereNot('id', $user->id)->get();
++User::whereKeyNot($user)->get();
++User::whereKeyNot($user)->get();
+```
+
+<br>
+
 ## EloquentWhereRelationTypeHintingParameterRector
 
 Add type hinting to where relation has methods e.g. `whereHas`, `orWhereHas`, `whereDoesntHave`, `orWhereDoesntHave`, `whereHasMorph`, `orWhereHasMorph`, `whereDoesntHaveMorph`, `orWhereDoesntHaveMorph`
diff --git a/src/Rector/MethodCall/EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector.php b/src/Rector/MethodCall/EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9bc51ff2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Rector/MethodCall/EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector.php
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace RectorLaravel\Rector\MethodCall;
+
+use PhpParser\Node;
+use PhpParser\Node\Arg;
+use PhpParser\Node\Expr\MethodCall;
+use PhpParser\Node\Expr\PropertyFetch;
+use PhpParser\Node\Expr\StaticCall;
+use PhpParser\Node\Identifier;
+use PhpParser\Node\Scalar\String_;
+use RectorLaravel\AbstractRector;
+use RectorLaravel\NodeAnalyzer\QueryBuilderAnalyzer;
+use Symplify\RuleDocGenerator\ValueObject\CodeSample\CodeSample;
+use Symplify\RuleDocGenerator\ValueObject\RuleDefinition;
+
+/**
+ * @see \RectorLaravel\Tests\Rector\MethodCall\EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector\EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRectorTest
+ */
+final class EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector extends AbstractRector
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        private readonly QueryBuilderAnalyzer $queryBuilderAnalyzer
+    ) {}
+
+    public function getRuleDefinition(): RuleDefinition
+    {
+        return new RuleDefinition(
+            'Refactor model calls to the primary key using the `whereKey` and `whereKeyNot` methods',
+            [
+                new CodeSample(
+                    <<<'CODE_SAMPLE'
+User::where('id', '=', $user->id)->get();
+User::where('id', $user->id)->get();
+CODE_SAMPLE,
+                    <<<'CODE_SAMPLE'
+User::whereKey($user)->get();
+User::whereKey($user)->get();
+CODE_SAMPLE
+                ),
+                new CodeSample(
+                    <<<'CODE_SAMPLE'
+User::where('id', '!=', $user->id)->get();
+User::whereNot('id', $user->id)->get();
+CODE_SAMPLE,
+                    <<<'CODE_SAMPLE'
+User::whereKeyNot($user)->get();
+User::whereKeyNot($user)->get();
+CODE_SAMPLE
+                ),
+            ]
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return array<class-string<Node>>
+     */
+    public function getNodeTypes(): array
+    {
+        return [MethodCall::class, StaticCall::class];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param  MethodCall|StaticCall  $node
+     */
+    public function refactor(Node $node): ?Node
+    {
+        if (! $node instanceof MethodCall && ! $node instanceof StaticCall) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $isWhere = $this->queryBuilderAnalyzer->isMatchingCall($node, 'where');
+        $isWhereNot = $this->queryBuilderAnalyzer->isMatchingCall($node, 'whereNot');
+
+        if (! $isWhere && ! $isWhereNot) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $args = $node->getArgs();
+        $argCount = count($args);
+
+        if ($argCount === 2) {
+            return $this->refactorTwoArgumentWhere($node, $args, $isWhereNot);
+        }
+
+        if ($argCount === 3 && $isWhere) {
+            return $this->refactorThreeArgumentWhere($node, $args);
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param  Arg[]  $args
+     */
+    private function refactorTwoArgumentWhere(MethodCall|StaticCall $node, array $args, bool $isWhereNot): ?Node
+    {
+        if (! $args[0] instanceof Arg || ! $args[0]->value instanceof String_) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $columnName = $args[0]->value->value;
+        if ($columnName !== 'id') {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        if (! $args[1] instanceof Arg || ! $args[1]->value instanceof PropertyFetch) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $propertyFetch = $args[1]->value;
+        if (! $this->isName($propertyFetch->name, 'id')) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        // where() with 2 args uses '=' operator -> whereKey
+        // whereNot() with 2 args uses '!=' operator -> whereKeyNot
+        $newMethodName = $isWhereNot ? 'whereKeyNot' : 'whereKey';
+        $node->name = new Identifier($newMethodName);
+        $node->args = [new Arg($propertyFetch->var)];
+
+        return $node;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param  Arg[]  $args
+     */
+    private function refactorThreeArgumentWhere(MethodCall|StaticCall $node, array $args): ?Node
+    {
+        if (! $args[0] instanceof Arg || ! $args[0]->value instanceof String_) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $columnName = $args[0]->value->value;
+        if ($columnName !== 'id') {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        if (! $args[1] instanceof Arg || ! $args[1]->value instanceof String_) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $operator = $args[1]->value->value;
+        if (! in_array($operator, ['=', '!='], true)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        if (! $args[2] instanceof Arg || ! $args[2]->value instanceof PropertyFetch) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $propertyFetch = $args[2]->value;
+        if (! $this->isName($propertyFetch->name, 'id')) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $newMethodName = $operator === '=' ? 'whereKey' : 'whereKeyNot';
+        $node->name = new Identifier($newMethodName);
+        $node->args = [new Arg($propertyFetch->var)];
+
+        return $node;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/stubs/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Builder.php b/stubs/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Builder.php
index e914d21c3..e9dccf3f1 100644
--- a/stubs/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Builder.php
+++ b/stubs/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Builder.php
@@ -13,4 +13,20 @@ class Builder extends QueryBuilder
     public function publicMethodBelongsToEloquentQueryBuilder(): void {}
 
     public function excludablePublicMethodBelongsToEloquentQueryBuilder(): void {}
+
+    /**
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function where($column, $operator = null, $value = null, $boolean = 'and'): static
+    {
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function whereNot($column, $operator = null, $value = null, $boolean = 'and'): static
+    {
+        return $this;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/stubs/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Model.php b/stubs/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Model.php
index fbdd3d3da..9a51e19bd 100644
--- a/stubs/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Model.php
+++ b/stubs/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Model.php
@@ -25,6 +25,16 @@ abstract class Model
      */
     protected $primaryKey = 'id';
 
+    /**
+     * Begin querying the model.
+     *
+     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder
+     */
+    public static function query()
+    {
+        return new Builder;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Exists in the Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Concerns/HasTimestamps trait
      * Put here for simplicity
diff --git a/stubs/Illuminate/Database/Query/Builder.php b/stubs/Illuminate/Database/Query/Builder.php
index 2f5925f3c..9f4d340c1 100644
--- a/stubs/Illuminate/Database/Query/Builder.php
+++ b/stubs/Illuminate/Database/Query/Builder.php
@@ -22,6 +22,22 @@ public function orderBy($column, string $direction): static {}
      */
     public function orderByDesc($column): static {}
 
+    /**
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function where($column, $operator = null, $value = null, $boolean = 'and'): static
+    {
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function whereNot($column, $operator = null, $value = null, $boolean = 'and'): static
+    {
+        return $this;
+    }
+
     protected function protectedMethodBelongsToQueryBuilder(): void {}
 
     private function privateMethodBelongsToQueryBuilder(): void {}
diff --git a/tests/Rector/MethodCall/EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector/EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRectorTest.php b/tests/Rector/MethodCall/EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector/EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRectorTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d642ed6a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Rector/MethodCall/EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector/EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRectorTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace RectorLaravel\Tests\Rector\MethodCall\EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector;
+
+use Iterator;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\DataProvider;
+use Rector\Testing\PHPUnit\AbstractRectorTestCase;
+
+final class EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRectorTest extends AbstractRectorTestCase
+{
+    public static function provideData(): Iterator
+    {
+        return self::yieldFilesFromDirectory(__DIR__ . '/Fixture');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @test
+     */
+    #[DataProvider('provideData')]
+    public function test(string $filePath): void
+    {
+        $this->doTestFile($filePath);
+    }
+
+    public function provideConfigFilePath(): string
+    {
+        return __DIR__ . '/config/configured_rule.php';
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Rector/MethodCall/EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector/Fixture/chained_methods_fixture.php.inc b/tests/Rector/MethodCall/EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector/Fixture/chained_methods_fixture.php.inc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b1a457693
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Rector/MethodCall/EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector/Fixture/chained_methods_fixture.php.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace RectorLaravel\Tests\Rector\MethodCall\EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector\Fixture;
+
+use RectorLaravel\Tests\Rector\MethodCall\EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector\Source\User;
+
+class ChainedMethodsFixture
+{
+    public function run($user)
+    {
+        User::where('id', '=', $user->id)->where('status', 'active')->get();
+
+        $query = User::query()
+            ->where('name', 'John')
+            ->where('id', '=', $user->id)
+            ->where('email', 'LIKE', '%@example.com');
+    }
+}
+
+?>
+-----
+<?php
+
+namespace RectorLaravel\Tests\Rector\MethodCall\EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector\Fixture;
+
+use RectorLaravel\Tests\Rector\MethodCall\EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector\Source\User;
+
+class ChainedMethodsFixture
+{
+    public function run($user)
+    {
+        User::whereKey($user)->where('status', 'active')->get();
+
+        $query = User::query()
+            ->where('name', 'John')->whereKey($user)
+            ->where('email', 'LIKE', '%@example.com');
+    }
+}
+
+?>
diff --git a/tests/Rector/MethodCall/EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector/Fixture/fixture.php.inc b/tests/Rector/MethodCall/EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector/Fixture/fixture.php.inc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..834b20398
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Rector/MethodCall/EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector/Fixture/fixture.php.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace RectorLaravel\Tests\Rector\MethodCall\EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector\Fixture;
+
+use RectorLaravel\Tests\Rector\MethodCall\EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector\Source\User;
+
+class SomeClass
+{
+    public function run($user)
+    {
+        User::where('id', '=', $user->id)->get();
+        User::where('id', '!=', $user->id)->get();
+    }
+}
+
+?>
+-----
+<?php
+
+namespace RectorLaravel\Tests\Rector\MethodCall\EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector\Fixture;
+
+use RectorLaravel\Tests\Rector\MethodCall\EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector\Source\User;
+
+class SomeClass
+{
+    public function run($user)
+    {
+        User::whereKey($user)->get();
+        User::whereKeyNot($user)->get();
+    }
+}
+
+?>
diff --git a/tests/Rector/MethodCall/EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector/Fixture/method_call_fixture.php.inc b/tests/Rector/MethodCall/EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector/Fixture/method_call_fixture.php.inc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..17abf4f86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Rector/MethodCall/EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector/Fixture/method_call_fixture.php.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace RectorLaravel\Tests\Rector\MethodCall\EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector\Fixture;
+
+use RectorLaravel\Tests\Rector\MethodCall\EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector\Source\User;
+
+class MethodCallFixture
+{
+    public function run($user)
+    {
+        /** @var \Illuminate\Contracts\Database\Query\Builder $query */
+        $query = User::query();
+
+        $query->where('id', '=', $user->id)->get();
+        $query->where('id', '!=', $user->id)->get();
+    }
+}
+
+?>
+-----
+<?php
+
+namespace RectorLaravel\Tests\Rector\MethodCall\EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector\Fixture;
+
+use RectorLaravel\Tests\Rector\MethodCall\EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector\Source\User;
+
+class MethodCallFixture
+{
+    public function run($user)
+    {
+        /** @var \Illuminate\Contracts\Database\Query\Builder $query */
+        $query = User::query();
+
+        $query->whereKey($user)->get();
+        $query->whereKeyNot($user)->get();
+    }
+}
+
+?>
diff --git a/tests/Rector/MethodCall/EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector/Fixture/skip_non_id_column.php.inc b/tests/Rector/MethodCall/EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector/Fixture/skip_non_id_column.php.inc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..12b335e1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Rector/MethodCall/EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector/Fixture/skip_non_id_column.php.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace RectorLaravel\Tests\Rector\MethodCall\EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector\Fixture;
+
+use RectorLaravel\Tests\Rector\MethodCall\EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector\Source\User;
+
+class SkipNonIdColumn
+{
+    public function run($user)
+    {
+        // Should NOT transform - different column name
+        User::where('name', '=', $user->id)->get();
+        User::where('name', $user->id)->get();
+
+        // Should NOT transform - different property
+        User::where('id', '=', $user->name)->get();
+        User::where('id', $user->name)->get();
+
+        // Should NOT transform - different operator
+        User::where('id', '>', $user->id)->get();
+        User::where('id', '<', $user->id)->get();
+
+        // Should NOT transform - not a property fetch
+        User::where('id', '=', 123)->get();
+        User::where('id', 123)->get();
+    }
+}
+
+?>
diff --git a/tests/Rector/MethodCall/EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector/Fixture/two_argument_where.php.inc b/tests/Rector/MethodCall/EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector/Fixture/two_argument_where.php.inc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fed14d154
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Rector/MethodCall/EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector/Fixture/two_argument_where.php.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace RectorLaravel\Tests\Rector\MethodCall\EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector\Fixture;
+
+use RectorLaravel\Tests\Rector\MethodCall\EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector\Source\User;
+
+class TwoArgumentWhere
+{
+    public function run($user)
+    {
+        // 2-argument where() with id
+        User::where('id', $user->id)->get();
+
+        // 2-argument whereNot() with id
+        User::whereNot('id', $user->id)->get();
+
+        // Chained with 2-argument
+        $query = User::query()
+            ->where('name', 'John')
+            ->where('id', $user->id)
+            ->get();
+    }
+}
+
+?>
+-----
+<?php
+
+namespace RectorLaravel\Tests\Rector\MethodCall\EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector\Fixture;
+
+use RectorLaravel\Tests\Rector\MethodCall\EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector\Source\User;
+
+class TwoArgumentWhere
+{
+    public function run($user)
+    {
+        // 2-argument where() with id
+        User::whereKey($user)->get();
+
+        // 2-argument whereNot() with id
+        User::whereKeyNot($user)->get();
+
+        // Chained with 2-argument
+        $query = User::query()
+            ->where('name', 'John')->whereKey($user)
+            ->get();
+    }
+}
+
+?>
diff --git a/tests/Rector/MethodCall/EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector/Fixture/typed_query_builder.php.inc b/tests/Rector/MethodCall/EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector/Fixture/typed_query_builder.php.inc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..49f122dd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Rector/MethodCall/EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector/Fixture/typed_query_builder.php.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace RectorLaravel\Tests\Rector\MethodCall\EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector\Fixture;
+
+use RectorLaravel\Tests\Rector\MethodCall\EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector\Source\User;
+
+class TypedQueryBuilder
+{
+    public function run($user)
+    {
+        /** @var \Illuminate\Contracts\Database\Eloquent\Builder $query */
+        $query = User::query();
+
+        $query->where('id', '=', $user->id)->get();
+    }
+}
+
+?>
+-----
+<?php
+
+namespace RectorLaravel\Tests\Rector\MethodCall\EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector\Fixture;
+
+use RectorLaravel\Tests\Rector\MethodCall\EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector\Source\User;
+
+class TypedQueryBuilder
+{
+    public function run($user)
+    {
+        /** @var \Illuminate\Contracts\Database\Eloquent\Builder $query */
+        $query = User::query();
+
+        $query->whereKey($user)->get();
+    }
+}
+
+?>
diff --git a/tests/Rector/MethodCall/EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector/Source/User.php b/tests/Rector/MethodCall/EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector/Source/User.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e9b916735
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Rector/MethodCall/EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector/Source/User.php
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace RectorLaravel\Tests\Rector\MethodCall\EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector\Source;
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
+
+class User extends Model {}
diff --git a/tests/Rector/MethodCall/EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector/config/configured_rule.php b/tests/Rector/MethodCall/EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector/config/configured_rule.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..394e580da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Rector/MethodCall/EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector/config/configured_rule.php
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+use Rector\Config\RectorConfig;
+use RectorLaravel\Rector\MethodCall\EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector;
+
+return static function (RectorConfig $rectorConfig): void {
+    $rectorConfig->rule(EloquentWhereIdToWhereKeyRector::class);
+};