Explore GPU accelerated vector search with cuVS

[ChrisHegarty]

Description

• NVIDIA's cuVS library (https://github.com/rapidsai/cuvs) is a state-of-the-art vector search library. It supports fast indexing and search using GPUs.

Support use-case such as:

1. index and search both on GPU
2. index on GPU, search on CPU
3. flat brute force and graph based

Dependencies:

• lucene GH issue: Support Vector Search on GPU with cuVS apache/lucene#14243
• lucene PR: Integrating GPU based Vector Search using cuVS apache/lucene#14131

Tasks:

• Allow vector mapping types in a custom Elasticsearch Plugin - so that the plugin can directly implement a KnnVectorsFormat that leverages cuVS to index and search on CPU (similar to that in lucene-cuvs).
• ..

[elasticsearchmachine]

Pinging @elastic/es-search-relevance (Team:Search Relevance)