chapter.system.packages.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<chapter id="packages">
	<title>Packages System</title>
	<section id="packages.pkg">
		<title>Using the Packages System</title>
		<section>
			<title>PACKAGESROOT / PKG_PATH 环境变量</title>
			<screen>
setenv PACKAGESROOT ftp://ftp.freebsdchina.org
pkg_add -r libxml2 gmake autoconf262


export PKG_PATH=ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/8.2/packages/i386/
pkg_add mysql-server php5-fastcgi php5-gd-5.2.6-no_x11 lighttpd-1.4.19p3 nginx pecl-APC
			</screen>
		</section>
		<section>
			<title>Installing a Package</title>
			<screen>
# pkg_add -r lsof
			</screen>
		</section>
		<section>
			<title>Managing Packages</title>
			<screen>
# pkg_info
libiconv-1.13.1_1   A character set conversion library
libxml2-2.7.7       XML parser library for GNOME
lighttpd-1.4.26_3   A secure, fast, compliant, and very flexible Web Server
pcre-8.02           Perl Compatible Regular Expressions library
php5-5.3.2_1        PHP Scripting Language
pkg-config-0.23_1   A utility to retrieve information about installed libraries
spawn-fcgi-1.6.3    spawn-fcgi is used to spawn fastcgi applications
			</screen>
			<screen>
freebsd0# pkg_version
libiconv                            =
libxml2                             =
lighttpd                            =
pcre                                =
php5                                =
pkg-config                          =
spawn-fcgi                          =


#  pkg_version -v
libiconv-1.13.1_1                   =   up-to-date with port
libxml2-2.7.7                       =   up-to-date with port
lighttpd-1.4.26_3                   =   up-to-date with port
pcre-8.02                           =   up-to-date with port
php5-5.3.2_1                        =   up-to-date with port
php5-ctype-5.3.2_1                  =   up-to-date with port
php5-dom-5.3.2_1                    =   up-to-date with port
php5-extensions-1.4                 =   up-to-date with port
php5-filter-5.3.2_1                 =   up-to-date with port
php5-hash-5.3.2_1                   =   up-to-date with port
php5-iconv-5.3.2_1                  =   up-to-date with port
php5-json-5.3.2_1                   =   up-to-date with port
php5-pdo-5.3.2_1                    =   up-to-date with port
php5-pdo_sqlite-5.3.2_1             =   up-to-date with port
php5-posix-5.3.2_1                  =   up-to-date with port
php5-session-5.3.2_1                =   up-to-date with port
php5-simplexml-5.3.2_1              =   up-to-date with port
php5-sqlite-5.3.2_1                 =   up-to-date with port
php5-tokenizer-5.3.2_1              =   up-to-date with port
php5-xml-5.3.2_1                    =   up-to-date with port
php5-xmlreader-5.3.2_1              =   up-to-date with port
php5-xmlwriter-5.3.2_1              =   up-to-date with port
pkg-config-0.23_1                   =   up-to-date with port
spawn-fcgi-1.6.3                    =   up-to-date with port
sqlite3-3.6.23.1_1                  =   up-to-date with port

			</screen>
		</section>
		<section>
			<title>Deleting a Package</title>
			<screen>
# pkg_delete php5-5.3.2_1
			</screen>
		</section>
	</section>
	<section id="freebsd.upgrade">
		<title>Updating and Upgrading FreeBSD</title>
		<section>
			<title>update</title>
			<para>安全补丁</para>
			<screen>
# freebsd-update fetch
# freebsd-update install
			</screen>
			<para>如果出现错误回滚</para>
			<screen>
# freebsd-update rollback
			</screen>
			<screen>
freebsd# rehash
freebsd# freebsd-update fetch
Looking up update.FreeBSD.org mirrors... 3 mirrors found.
Fetching public key from update5.FreeBSD.org... done.
Fetching metadata signature for 8.0-RELEASE from update5.FreeBSD.org... done.
Fetching metadata index... done.
Fetching 2 metadata files... done.
Inspecting system... done.
Preparing to download files... done.
Fetching 35 patches.....10....20....30.. done.
Applying patches... done.

The following files will be updated as part of updating to 8.0-RELEASE-p3:
/boot/kernel/ip_mroute.ko
/boot/kernel/ip_mroute.ko.symbols
/boot/kernel/kernel
/boot/kernel/kernel.symbols
/boot/kernel/krpc.ko
/boot/kernel/krpc.ko.symbols
/boot/kernel/nfsclient.ko
/boot/kernel/nfsclient.ko.symbols
/boot/kernel/zfs.ko
/boot/kernel/zfs.ko.symbols
/etc/mtree/BSD.var.dist
/lib/libzpool.so.2
/libexec/ld-elf.so.1
/usr/bin/dig
/usr/bin/host
/usr/bin/nslookup
/usr/bin/nsupdate
/usr/lib/libopie.a
/usr/lib/libopie.so.6
/usr/lib/libssl.a
/usr/lib/libssl.so.6
/usr/lib/libzpool.a
/usr/sbin/dnssec-dsfromkey
/usr/sbin/dnssec-keyfromlabel
/usr/sbin/dnssec-keygen
/usr/sbin/dnssec-signzone
/usr/sbin/freebsd-update
/usr/sbin/jail
/usr/sbin/lwresd
/usr/sbin/named
/usr/sbin/named-checkconf
/usr/sbin/named-checkzone
/usr/sbin/named-compilezone
/usr/sbin/ntpd
/usr/sbin/rndc-confgen
/usr/share/man/man2/mount.2.gz
/usr/share/man/man2/nmount.2.gz
/usr/share/man/man2/unmount.2.gz
/var/db/freebsd-update
/var/db/mergemaster.mtree

freebsd# freebsd-update install
Installing updates... done.
			</screen>
		</section>
		<section>
			<title>upgrade</title>
			<para>寻找版本</para>
			<para>http://update5.freebsd.org/</para>
			<para>升级至9.1-RELEASE</para>
			<screen>
freebsd# freebsd-update upgrade -r 9.1-RELEASE
			</screen>
			<screen>
Looking up update.FreeBSD.org mirrors... 3 mirrors found.
Fetching metadata signature for 9.1-RC3 from update5.freebsd.org... done.
Fetching metadata index... done.
Fetching 1 metadata files... done.
Inspecting system... done.

The following components of FreeBSD seem to be installed:
kernel/generic world/base world/games world/lib32

The following components of FreeBSD do not seem to be installed:
src/src world/doc

Does this look reasonable (y/n)? y

Fetching metadata signature for 9.1-RELEASE from update5.freebsd.org... done.
Fetching metadata index... done.
Fetching 1 metadata patches. done.
Applying metadata patches... done.
Fetching 1 metadata files... done.
Inspecting system... done.
Fetching files from 9.1-RC3 for merging... done.
Preparing to download files...

			</screen>
			<screen>
freebsd# freebsd-update install
			</screen>
		</section>
	</section>
	<section id="freebsd.ports">
		<title>ports</title>
		<section>
			<title>update ports</title>
			<para>update your port tree by typing following commands:</para>
			<screen>
# portsnap fetch
# portsnap extract
# portsnap update
			</screen>
			<para>首次运行 portsnap 需要执行 portsnap extract 这个步骤，之后不再需要,直接运行 portsnap update 即可</para>
		</section>		
		<section>
			<title>install</title>
			<screen>
# cd /usr/ports/lang/php5
# make install
			</screen>
			<para>reinstall</para>
			<screen>
# make reinstall
			</screen>
		</section>
		<section>
			<title>remove</title>
			<screen>
# make deinstall
			</screen>
			<para>如果用make install clean 安装，请用 pkg_delete 卸载</para>
		</section>
		<section>
			<title>config menu</title>
			<screen>
# cd /usr/ports/lang/php5
# make config
# make install
			</screen>
		</section>
	</section>
	<section id="pkgng">
		<title>PKGNG - Pkgng is the Next Generation package management tool for FreeBSD.</title>
		<para>https://mebsd.com/make-build-your-freebsd-word/pkgng-first-look-at-freebsds-new-package-manager.html</para>
		<para>http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/pkgng-intro.html</para>
		<para>https://wiki.freebsd.org/pkgng</para>
		<section>
			<title>安装 pkgng</title>
			<para>方法一：</para>
			<screen>
			<![CDATA[
# /usr/sbin/pkg
The package management tool is not yet installed on your system.
Do you want to fetch and install it now? [y/N]: y
Bootstrapping pkg please wait
Installing pkg-1.0.11... done
If you are upgrading from the old package format, first run:

  # pkg2ng
usage: pkg [-v] [-d] [-j <jail name or id>|-c <chroot path>] <command> [<args>]

Global options supported:
	-d             Increment debug level
	-j             Execute pkg(1) inside a jail(8)
	-c             Execute pkg(1) inside a chroot(8)
	-v             Display pkg(1) version

Commands supported:
	add            Registers a package and installs it on the system
	audit          Reports vulnerable packages
	autoremove     Removes orphan packages
	backup         Backs-up and restores the local package database
	check          Checks for missing dependencies and database consistency
	clean          Cleans old packages from the cache
	create         Creates software package distributions
	delete         Deletes packages from the database and the system
	fetch          Fetches packages from a remote repository
	help           Displays help information
	info           Displays information about installed packages
	install        Installs packages from remote package repositories
	query          Queries information about installed packages
	register       Registers a package into the local database
	remove         Deletes packages from the database and the system
	repo           Creates a package repository catalogue
	rquery         Queries information in repository catalogues
	search         Performs a search of package repository catalogues
	set            Modifies information about packages in the local database
	shell          Opens a debug shell
	shlib          Displays which packages link against a specific shared library
	stats          Displays package database statistics
	update         Updates package repository catalogues
	updating       Displays UPDATING information for a package
	upgrade        Performs upgrades of packaged software distributions
	version        Displays the versions of installed packages
	which          Displays which package installed a specific file

For more information on the different commands see 'pkg help <command>'.
			]]>
			</screen>
			<para>方法二：</para>
			<screen>
# portsnap fetch update
# cd /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg
# make
# make install clean
			</screen>
			<para>方法三</para>
			<screen>
# pkg_add -r pkg
			</screen>
		</section>
		<section>
			<title>转换数据库</title>
			<para>运行 pkg2ng 命令</para>
			<screen>
# pkg2ng
			</screen>
			<para>设置 make.conf 文件</para>
			<screen>
			<![CDATA[
cat >> /etc/make.conf <<EOF

WITH_PKGNG=yes
EOF
			]]>
			</screen>
		</section>
		<section>
			<title>install</title>
			<para>安装包</para>
			<screen>
# pkg install curl
			</screen>
		</section>
		<section>
			<title>delete</title>
			<para>删除包</para>
			<screen>
# pkg delete curl
			</screen>
		</section>
		<section>
			<title>info</title>
			<para>显示所有包信息</para>
			<screen>
pkg info
			</screen>
			<para>显示包之间的依赖关系</para>
			<screen>
# pkg info -d subversion
subversion-1.7.7 depends on:
expat-2.0.1_2
pkgconf-0.8.9
sqlite3-3.7.14.1
gdbm-1.9.1
db42-4.2.52_5
libiconv-1.14
gettext-0.18.1.1
			</screen>
			<para>显示包中的文件</para>
			<screen>
# pkg info -l subversion
subversion-1.7.7 owns the following files:
/usr/local/bin/svn
/usr/local/bin/svnadmin
/usr/local/bin/svndumpfilter
/usr/local/bin/svnlook
/usr/local/bin/svnrdump
/usr/local/bin/svnserve
/usr/local/bin/svnsync
/usr/local/bin/svnversion
/usr/local/etc/rc.d/svnserve
			</screen>
		</section>
		<section>
			<title>query</title>
			<screen>
# pkg query "Package name = %n, Version = %v, Size = %sh" libxml2
Package name = libxml2, Version = 2.7.8_5, Size = 4 MB

# pkg query -a "Package name = %n, Version = %v, Size = %sh"
			</screen>
			<screen>
			<![CDATA[
# pkg query "\
	package[%n]\n\
	version[%v]\n\
	origin[%o]\n\
	prefix[%p]\n\
	maintainer[%m]\n\
	comment[%c]\n\
	www[%w]\n\
	licenselogic[%l]\n\
	flatsize[%sh]\n\
	flatsizebytes[%sb]\n\
	orphan[%a]\n\
	message[%M]\n\
" libxml2

typescript package[libxml2]

typescript version[2.7.8_5]

typescript origin[textproc/libxml2]

typescript prefix[/usr/local]

typescript maintainer[gnome@FreeBSD.org]

typescript comment[XML parser library for GNOME]

typescript www[http://xmlsoft.org/]

typescript licenselogic[single]

typescript flatsize[4 MB]

typescript flatsizebytes[4258960]

typescript orphan[0]

typescript message[]

			]]>
			</screen>
		</section>
		<section>
			<title>upgrade</title>
			<screen>
# pkg upgrade
			</screen>
		</section>
	</section>
	<section id="pkg.faq">
		<title>FAQ</title>
		<section>
			<title>Shared object "libarchive.so.5" not found, required by "pkg"</title>
			<para>问题出现在从FreeBSD 9.2 升级到 FreeBSD 10.0，升级pkg可以解决</para>
			<screen>
# pkg-static upgrade
			</screen>
		</section>
		<section>
			<title>pkg: PACKAGESITE in pkg.conf is deprecated. Please create a repository configuration file</title>
			<para>编辑下面的文件</para>
			<screen>
# cat /usr/local/etc/pkg.conf                                                                                                                                                                                                                           [0]
#packagesite: http://pkg.FreeBSD.org/freebsd:9:x86:64/latest
PACKAGESITE	    : http://pkg.freebsd.org/${ABI}/latest
			</screen>
			<para>到 http://pkg.freebsd.org/ 查找适合你版本的URL</para>
			<screen>
# cat /usr/local/etc/pkg.conf                                                                                                                                                                                                                           [0]
#packagesite: http://pkg.FreeBSD.org/freebsd:9:x86:64/latest
#PACKAGESITE	    : http://pkg.freebsd.org/${ABI}/latest
PACKAGESITE	    : http://pkg.freebsd.org/freebsd:10:x86:64/latest			
			</screen>
			<para>更新pkg</para>
			<screen>
pkg update			
			</screen>
		</section>
	</section>
</chapter>

<chapter id="editors">
	<title>编辑器 (editors)</title>
	<section id="vim">
		<title>vim</title>
		<screen>
# pkg_add -r vim
		</screen>
		<screen>
# cd /usr/ports/editors/vim
# make install
		</screen>
	</section>

</chapter>