chapter.system.xml

<part id="index"><?dbhtml dir="system" ?>
	<title>System Administration</title>
	&chapter.system.packages.xml;
<chapter id="system.terminal">
	<title>terminal</title>
	<section id="terminal.size">
		<title>分辨率</title>
		<para>使用下面的命令获得本机支持的显示模式</para>
		<screen>
		<![CDATA[
vidcontrol -i mode < /dev/ttyv0
		]]>
		</screen>
		<screen>
		<![CDATA[
root@netkiller:/root # vidcontrol -i mode < /dev/ttyv0
    mode#     flags   type    size       font      window      linear buffer
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  0 (0x000) 0x00000001 T 40x25           8x8   0xb8000 32k 32k 0x00000000 32k
  1 (0x001) 0x00000001 T 40x25           8x8   0xb8000 32k 32k 0x00000000 32k
  2 (0x002) 0x00000001 T 80x25           8x8   0xb8000 32k 32k 0x00000000 32k
  3 (0x003) 0x00000001 T 80x25           8x8   0xb8000 32k 32k 0x00000000 32k
  4 (0x004) 0x00000003 G 320x200x2 C     8x8   0xb8000 32k 32k 0x00000000 32k
  5 (0x005) 0x00000003 G 320x200x2 C     8x8   0xb8000 32k 32k 0x00000000 32k
  6 (0x006) 0x00000003 G 640x200x1 C     8x8   0xb8000 32k 32k 0x00000000 32k
 13 (0x00d) 0x00000003 G 320x200x4 4     8x8   0xa0000 64k 64k 0x00000000 256k
 14 (0x00e) 0x00000003 G 640x200x4 4     8x8   0xa0000 64k 64k 0x00000000 256k
 16 (0x010) 0x00000003 G 640x350x2 2     8x14  0xa0000 64k 64k 0x00000000 128k
 18 (0x012) 0x00000003 G 640x350x4 4     8x14  0xa0000 64k 64k 0x00000000 256k
 19 (0x013) 0x00000001 T 40x25           8x14  0xb8000 32k 32k 0x00000000 32k
 20 (0x014) 0x00000001 T 40x25           8x14  0xb8000 32k 32k 0x00000000 32k
 21 (0x015) 0x00000001 T 80x25           8x14  0xb8000 32k 32k 0x00000000 32k
 22 (0x016) 0x00000001 T 80x25           8x14  0xb8000 32k 32k 0x00000000 32k
 23 (0x017) 0x00000001 T 40x25           8x16  0xb8000 32k 32k 0x00000000 32k
 24 (0x018) 0x00000001 T 80x25           8x16  0xb8000 32k 32k 0x00000000 32k
 26 (0x01a) 0x00000003 G 640x480x4 4     8x16  0xa0000 64k 64k 0x00000000 256k
 27 (0x01b) 0x00000003 G 640x480x4 4     8x16  0xa0000 64k 64k 0x00000000 256k
 28 (0x01c) 0x00000003 G 320x200x8 P     8x8   0xa0000 64k 64k 0x00000000 64k
 30 (0x01e) 0x00000001 T 80x50           8x8   0xb8000 32k 32k 0x00000000 32k
 32 (0x020) 0x00000001 T 80x30           8x16  0xb8000 32k 32k 0x00000000 32k
 34 (0x022) 0x00000001 T 80x60           8x8   0xb8000 32k 32k 0x00000000 32k
 37 (0x025) 0x00000003 G 320x240x8 V     8x8   0xa0000 64k 64k 0x00000000 256k
112 (0x070) 0x00000000 T 80x43           8x8   0xb8000 32k 32k 0x00000000 32k
113 (0x071) 0x00000001 T 80x43           8x8   0xb8000 32k 32k 0x00000000 32k
257 (0x101) 0x0000000f G 640x480x8 P     8x16  0xa0000 64k 64k 0x80000000 300k
259 (0x103) 0x0000000f G 800x600x8 P     8x16  0xa0000 64k 64k 0x80000000 487k
261 (0x105) 0x0000000f G 1024x768x8 P    8x16  0xa0000 64k 64k 0x80000000 768k
273 (0x111) 0x0000000f G 640x480x16 D    8x16  0xa0000 64k 64k 0x80000000 600k
274 (0x112) 0x0000000f G 640x480x32 D    8x16  0xa0000 64k 64k 0x80000000 1200k
276 (0x114) 0x0000000f G 800x600x16 D    8x16  0xa0000 64k 64k 0x80000000 937k
277 (0x115) 0x0000000f G 800x600x32 D    8x16  0xa0000 64k 64k 0x80000000 1875k
279 (0x117) 0x0000000f G 1024x768x16 D   8x16  0xa0000 64k 64k 0x80000000 1536k
280 (0x118) 0x0000000f G 1024x768x32 D   8x16  0xa0000 64k 64k 0x80000000 3072k
		]]>
		</screen>
		<para>使用下面命令改变当前屏幕的分辨率 280 为 1024x768x32</para>
		<screen>
# vidcontrol MODE_280
		</screen>
		<para>启动时生效，就在 /etc/rc.conf 加入</para>
		<screen>
allscreens_flags="MODE_280"
		</screen>
	</section>
	<section id="terminal.saver">
		<title>屏幕保护</title>
		<para>方法一，编辑 /etc/rc.conf 文件加入</para>
		<screen>
blanktime=”60″
saver=”daemon”
		</screen>
		<para>方法二，sysinstall</para>
		<screen>
		<![CDATA[
选择
Configure——Console——Saver—–Timeout（设置屏保时间60秒）
在选则 Daemon
		]]>
		</screen>
		<para>屏保文件</para>
		<screen>
# ls /boot/kernel/*saver* | grep -v symbols
/boot/kernel/beastie_saver.ko
/boot/kernel/blank_saver.ko
/boot/kernel/daemon_saver.ko
/boot/kernel/dragon_saver.ko
/boot/kernel/fade_saver.ko
/boot/kernel/fire_saver.ko
/boot/kernel/green_saver.ko
/boot/kernel/logo_saver.ko
/boot/kernel/rain_saver.ko
/boot/kernel/snake_saver.ko
/boot/kernel/star_saver.ko
/boot/kernel/warp_saver.ko
		</screen>
		<para>屏保预览</para>
		<screen>
# kldload logo_saver
# kldload fire_saver
# kldload rain_saver
		</screen>
		<para>kldload 不能重复运行，已经载入的屏保不能再重新载入，使用下面命令查看详情。</para>
		<screen>
# kldstat
Id Refs Address            Size     Name
 1   22 0xffffffff80200000 1323388  kernel
 5    1 0xffffffff81612000 861      snake_saver.ko
 6    1 0xffffffff81613000 a2d      fire_saver.ko
 7    1 0xffffffff81614000 e89      dragon_saver.ko
 8    1 0xffffffff81615000 11ad     daemon_saver.ko
 9    1 0xffffffff81617000 4dd      star_saver.ko
10    1 0xffffffff81618000 9cd      rain_saver.ko
11    1 0xffffffff81619000 c4d      warp_saver.ko
		</screen>
	</section>
	<section id="terminal.bindkey">
		<title>键盘设置</title>
		<para>使用linux的用户转到BSD很不适应终端键盘设置</para>
		<screen>
		<![CDATA[
bindkey "^[[1~" beginning-of-line
bindkey "^[[4~" end-of-line
bindkey "^[[3~" delete-char
		]]>
		</screen>
	</section>
	<section id="terminal.charset">
		<title>Unicode(UTF-8)</title>
		<para>显示当前设置</para>
		<screen>
% locale                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 [0]
LANG=
LC_CTYPE="C"
LC_COLLATE="C"
LC_TIME="C"
LC_NUMERIC="C"
LC_MONETARY="C"
LC_MESSAGES="C"
LC_ALL=
		</screen>
		<para>列出所有可用的公共语言环境的名称，通常我们只关心zh_CN.UTF-8、zh_HK.UTF-8、zh_TW.UTF-8</para>
		<screen>
% locale -a | grep '\.UTF-8$'                                                                                                                                                                                                                            [1]
af_ZA.UTF-8
am_ET.UTF-8
be_BY.UTF-8
bg_BG.UTF-8
ca_AD.UTF-8
ca_ES.UTF-8
ca_FR.UTF-8
ca_IT.UTF-8
cs_CZ.UTF-8
da_DK.UTF-8
de_AT.UTF-8
de_CH.UTF-8
de_DE.UTF-8
el_GR.UTF-8
en_AU.UTF-8
en_CA.UTF-8
en_GB.UTF-8
en_IE.UTF-8
en_NZ.UTF-8
en_US.UTF-8
es_ES.UTF-8
et_EE.UTF-8
eu_ES.UTF-8
fi_FI.UTF-8
fr_BE.UTF-8
fr_CA.UTF-8
fr_CH.UTF-8
fr_FR.UTF-8
he_IL.UTF-8
hr_HR.UTF-8
hu_HU.UTF-8
hy_AM.UTF-8
is_IS.UTF-8
it_CH.UTF-8
it_IT.UTF-8
ja_JP.UTF-8
kk_KZ.UTF-8
ko_KR.UTF-8
lt_LT.UTF-8
lv_LV.UTF-8
mn_MN.UTF-8
nb_NO.UTF-8
nl_BE.UTF-8
nl_NL.UTF-8
nn_NO.UTF-8
no_NO.UTF-8
pl_PL.UTF-8
pt_BR.UTF-8
pt_PT.UTF-8
ro_RO.UTF-8
ru_RU.UTF-8
sk_SK.UTF-8
sl_SI.UTF-8
sr_YU.UTF-8
sv_SE.UTF-8
tr_TR.UTF-8
uk_UA.UTF-8
zh_CN.UTF-8
zh_HK.UTF-8
zh_TW.UTF-8
		</screen>
		<para>~/.login_conf 文件的作用是，当你登陆系统后会改变你的终端设置</para>
		<screen>
		<![CDATA[
% cat ~/.login_conf                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      [0]
# $FreeBSD: release/9.2.0/share/skel/dot.login_conf 77995 2001-06-10 17:08:53Z ache $
#
# see login.conf(5)
#
#me:\
#	:charset=iso-8859-1:\
#	:lang=de_DE.ISO8859-1:
		]]>
		</screen>
		<para>设置UTF-8支持</para>
		<screen>
		<![CDATA[
% cat >> ~/.login_conf <<'EOF'

me:\
	:charset=UTF-8:\
	:lang=en_US.UTF-8:
EOF
		]]>
		</screen>
	</section>
</chapter>
<chapter id="system.start">
	<title>FreeBSD 开机启动</title>
	<para>将开机运行脚本写入</para>
	<screen>
/etc/rc.local
	</screen>
	<para>将关机前运行脚本写入</para>
	<screen>
/etc/rc.shutdown.local
	</screen>
	<para>测试</para>
	<screen>
/etc/rc.d/local start
/etc/rc.d/local stop
	</screen>
	<section id="rc.conf">
		<title>/etc/rc.conf</title>
		<para>修改 /etc/rc.conf 生效</para>
		<screen>
sh /etc/rc
		</screen>
	</section>
</chapter>
<chapter id="system.date">
	<title>Date</title>
	<screen>
# date -v -1d +%Y%m%d
20060326
# date -v -1m +%Y%m%d
20060227
# date -v -1y +%Y%m%d
20050327
	</screen>
</chapter>
<chapter id="shell">
	<title>shell</title>
	<section id="bash">
		<title>Bash</title>
		<para>install bash</para>
		<screen>
freebsd# cd /usr/ports/shells/bash
freebsd# make install clean
		</screen>
		<para>change shell</para>
		<screen>
$ chsh -s /usr/local/bin/bash
Password:
chsh: user information updated
$ exit
		</screen>
	</section>
	<section id="zsh">
		<title>zsh</title>
		<screen>
freebsd# pkg_add -r zsh
freebsd# chsh -s /usr/local/bin/zsh
		</screen>
		<section>
			<title>初始化 zsh</title>
			<screen>
# compinstall -Uz compinit
# compinit
# compinstall
			</screen>
		</section>
		<section>
			<title>prompt</title>
			<para>zsh prompt colors:</para>
			<screen>
autoload colors; colors
export PS1="%B[%{$fg[red]%}%n%{$reset_color%}%b@%B%{$fg[cyan]%}%m%b%{$reset_color%}:%~%B]%b "
			</screen>
		</section>

	</section>
</chapter>

<chapter id="account">
	<title>Users and Basic Account Management</title>
	<section>
		<title>添加用户</title>
		<screen>
# pw useradd www
# passwd www
		</screen>
		<para>添加新用户jerry并允许他su到root用户</para>
		<screen>
# pw useradd jerry -G wheel
# passwd jerry
		</screen>
		<screen>
# pw useradd -n tom -s /bin/csh -m
# passwd tom
		</screen>
	</section>
	<section>
		<title>删除用户</title>
		<para>rmuser 命令</para>
		<screen>
root@freebsd:~ # pw adduser test
root@freebsd:~ # rmuser test
Matching password entry:

test:*:1002:1002::0:0:User :/home/test:/bin/sh

Is this the entry you wish to remove? y
Remove user's home directory (/home/test)? y
Removing user (test): mailspool home passwd.
		</screen>
		<para>pw userdel 命令</para>
		<screen>
root@freebsd:~ # pw adduser test
root@freebsd:~ # pw userdel test
		</screen>
		<screen>
# pw userdel -n tom -r
		</screen>
	</section>
	<section>
		<title>修改用户信息</title>
		<screen>
root@freebsd:~ # chpass neo
#Changing user information for neo.
Login: neo
Password: $6$d9faZkqxd3xQ5AqB$hqAXYv4xbZKz11AHqrva8WoCDstruFmqW2d3Lhzu.9s36tuAiqVfOaNSy9mDFP5I.VaKWhQUjUEgiXF183uVm0
Uid [#]: 1001
Gid [# or name]: 1001
Change [month day year]:
Expire [month day year]:
Class:
Home directory: /home/neo
Shell: /bin/sh
Full Name: neo chen
Office Location:
Office Phone:
Home Phone:
Other information:
		</screen>
	</section>
	<section id="su">
		<title>su - root</title>
		<para>add a user to wheel group</para>
		<screen>
		<![CDATA[
root@freebsd:~ # pw usermod neo -G wheel
root@freebsd:~ # id neo
uid=1001(neo) gid=1001(neo) groups=1001(neo),0(wheel)

freebsd# grep 'wheel' /etc/group
wheel:*:0:root,neo
		]]>
		</screen>
	</section>

	<section  id="user.profile">
		<title>profile</title>
		<section>
			<title>shell</title>
				<screen>
Finally, change your account to use zsh as your default shell
FreeBSD users:
# chpass -s /usr/local/bin/zsh
				</screen>
		</section>
		<section>
			<title>Changing user information</title>
			<screen>
#Changing user information for neo.
Shell: /usr/local/bin/zsh
Full Name: Neo Chen
Office Location:
Office Phone:
Home Phone:
Other information:
			</screen>
		</section>
	</section>
	<section id="passwd">
		<title>passwd file</title>
		<screen>freebsd 不能直接改/etc/passwd 需要使用 vipw，否则不生效</screen>
		<screen>
# vipw
		</screen>
	</section>
</chapter>

<chapter id="system.network">
	<title>Network</title>
	<screen>
vi /etc/rc.conf
	</screen>
	<section id="dhcp">
		<title>DHCP</title>
		<screen>
hostname="freebse.example.com"
ifconfig_em0="DHCP"
		</screen>
	</section>
	<section id="ipaddr">
		<title>IP Address</title>
		<screen>
hostname="freebse.example.com"
ifconfig_em0="inet 192.168.3.71  netmask 255.255.255.0"
defaultrouter="192.168.3.1"
		</screen>
	</section>
	<section id="alias">
		<title>alias</title>
		<screen>
		<![CDATA[
[root@freebsd0:~] ifconfig bce0 alias 172.16.1.81 netmask 255.255.255.0
[root@freebsd0:~] ifconfig bce0
bce0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500
        options=c01bb<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING,JUMBO_MTU,VLAN_HWCSUM,TSO4,VLAN_HWTSO,LINKSTATE>
        ether 00:22:19:5f:52:0b
        inet 172.16.1.27 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 172.16.1.255
        inet 172.16.1.81 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 172.16.1.255
        media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
        status: active

vim /etc/rc.conf
ifconfig_bce0_alias0="inet 172.16.1.81 netmask 255.255.255.0"
		]]>
		</screen>
	</section>
	<section id="gateway">
		<title>Default Gateway</title>
		<screen>
defaultrouter="192.168.3.1"
		</screen>
	</section>
	<section id="dns">
		<title>DNS</title>
		<screen>
freebse# cat /etc/resolv.conf
domain  example.com
nameserver      202.96.134.133
		</screen>
	</section>
	<section id="netstart">
		<title>netstart</title>
		<para>restart network</para>
		<screen>
/etc/netstart
		</screen>
	</section>
	<section id="route">
		<title>Route</title>
		<para>route table</para>
		<screen>
netstat -nr
		</screen>
		<para>Default Routes</para>
		<screen>
freebsd# route add  default 172.16.0.254
add net default: gateway 172.16.0.254
		</screen>
		<para>添加静态路由</para>
		<screen>
route add 172.16.3.0/24 172.16.1.240
		</screen>
		<para>编辑/etc/rc.conf使上面命令开机时执行</para>
		<screen>
static_routes="static1"
route_static1="-net 172.16.3.0/24 172.16.1.240"
		</screen>

	</section>
</chapter>
<chapter id="debug">
	<title>Debug</title>
	<section id="lsof">
		<title>lsof - list open files</title>
		<screen>
[root@freebsd:~] pkg_add -r lsof
Fetching ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/amd64/packages-8.1-release/Latest/lsof.tbz... Done.
		</screen>
	</section>
</chapter>
</part>