From c5e2bf1f666fd75c81a8c6da207027d7e490d7cf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: EthanShoeDev <13422990+EthanShoeDev@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Sep 2024 13:51:15 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 1/2] Fix: #1736

---
 src/howler.core.js | 998 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------------
 1 file changed, 620 insertions(+), 378 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/howler.core.js b/src/howler.core.js
index 5198bdfc..11af396a 100644
--- a/src/howler.core.js
+++ b/src/howler.core.js
@@ -8,9 +8,8 @@
  *  MIT License
  */
 
-(function() {
-
-  'use strict';
+(function () {
+  "use strict";
 
   /** Global Methods **/
   /***************************************************************************/
@@ -19,7 +18,7 @@
    * Create the global controller. All contained methods and properties apply
    * to all sounds that are currently playing or will be in the future.
    */
-  var HowlerGlobal = function() {
+  var HowlerGlobal = function () {
     this.init();
   };
   HowlerGlobal.prototype = {
@@ -27,7 +26,7 @@
      * Initialize the global Howler object.
      * @return {Howler}
      */
-    init: function() {
+    init: function () {
       var self = this || Howler;
 
       // Create a global ID counter.
@@ -42,8 +41,11 @@
       self._howls = [];
       self._muted = false;
       self._volume = 1;
-      self._canPlayEvent = 'canplaythrough';
-      self._navigator = (typeof window !== 'undefined' && window.navigator) ? window.navigator : null;
+      self._canPlayEvent = "canplaythrough";
+      self._navigator =
+        typeof window !== "undefined" && window.navigator
+          ? window.navigator
+          : null;
 
       // Public properties.
       self.masterGain = null;
@@ -66,7 +68,7 @@
      * @param  {Float} vol Volume from 0.0 to 1.0.
      * @return {Howler/Float}     Returns self or current volume.
      */
-    volume: function(vol) {
+    volume: function (vol) {
       var self = this || Howler;
       vol = parseFloat(vol);
 
@@ -75,7 +77,7 @@
         setupAudioContext();
       }
 
-      if (typeof vol !== 'undefined' && vol >= 0 && vol <= 1) {
+      if (typeof vol !== "undefined" && vol >= 0 && vol <= 1) {
         self._volume = vol;
 
         // Don't update any of the nodes if we are muted.
@@ -89,13 +91,13 @@
         }
 
         // Loop through and change volume for all HTML5 audio nodes.
-        for (var i=0; i<self._howls.length; i++) {
+        for (var i = 0; i < self._howls.length; i++) {
           if (!self._howls[i]._webAudio) {
             // Get all of the sounds in this Howl group.
             var ids = self._howls[i]._getSoundIds();
 
             // Loop through all sounds and change the volumes.
-            for (var j=0; j<ids.length; j++) {
+            for (var j = 0; j < ids.length; j++) {
               var sound = self._howls[i]._soundById(ids[j]);
 
               if (sound && sound._node) {
@@ -115,7 +117,7 @@
      * Handle muting and unmuting globally.
      * @param  {Boolean} muted Is muted or not.
      */
-    mute: function(muted) {
+    mute: function (muted) {
       var self = this || Howler;
 
       // If we don't have an AudioContext created yet, run the setup.
@@ -127,21 +129,24 @@
 
       // With Web Audio, we just need to mute the master gain.
       if (self.usingWebAudio) {
-        self.masterGain.gain.setValueAtTime(muted ? 0 : self._volume, Howler.ctx.currentTime);
+        self.masterGain.gain.setValueAtTime(
+          muted ? 0 : self._volume,
+          Howler.ctx.currentTime
+        );
       }
 
       // Loop through and mute all HTML5 Audio nodes.
-      for (var i=0; i<self._howls.length; i++) {
+      for (var i = 0; i < self._howls.length; i++) {
         if (!self._howls[i]._webAudio) {
           // Get all of the sounds in this Howl group.
           var ids = self._howls[i]._getSoundIds();
 
           // Loop through all sounds and mark the audio node as muted.
-          for (var j=0; j<ids.length; j++) {
+          for (var j = 0; j < ids.length; j++) {
             var sound = self._howls[i]._soundById(ids[j]);
 
             if (sound && sound._node) {
-              sound._node.muted = (muted) ? true : sound._muted;
+              sound._node.muted = muted ? true : sound._muted;
             }
           }
         }
@@ -153,11 +158,11 @@
     /**
      * Handle stopping all sounds globally.
      */
-    stop: function() {
+    stop: function () {
       var self = this || Howler;
 
       // Loop through all Howls and stop them.
-      for (var i=0; i<self._howls.length; i++) {
+      for (var i = 0; i < self._howls.length; i++) {
         self._howls[i].stop();
       }
 
@@ -168,15 +173,19 @@
      * Unload and destroy all currently loaded Howl objects.
      * @return {Howler}
      */
-    unload: function() {
+    unload: function () {
       var self = this || Howler;
 
-      for (var i=self._howls.length-1; i>=0; i--) {
+      for (var i = self._howls.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
         self._howls[i].unload();
       }
 
       // Create a new AudioContext to make sure it is fully reset.
-      if (self.usingWebAudio && self.ctx && typeof self.ctx.close !== 'undefined') {
+      if (
+        self.usingWebAudio &&
+        self.ctx &&
+        typeof self.ctx.close !== "undefined"
+      ) {
         self.ctx.close();
         self.ctx = null;
         setupAudioContext();
@@ -190,19 +199,19 @@
      * @param  {String} ext Audio file extention.
      * @return {Boolean}
      */
-    codecs: function(ext) {
-      return (this || Howler)._codecs[ext.replace(/^x-/, '')];
+    codecs: function (ext) {
+      return (this || Howler)._codecs[ext.replace(/^x-/, "")];
     },
 
     /**
      * Setup various state values for global tracking.
      * @return {Howler}
      */
-    _setup: function() {
+    _setup: function () {
       var self = this || Howler;
 
       // Keeps track of the suspend/resume state of the AudioContext.
-      self.state = self.ctx ? self.ctx.state || 'suspended' : 'suspended';
+      self.state = self.ctx ? self.ctx.state || "suspended" : "suspended";
 
       // Automatically begin the 30-second suspend process
       self._autoSuspend();
@@ -210,15 +219,15 @@
       // Check if audio is available.
       if (!self.usingWebAudio) {
         // No audio is available on this system if noAudio is set to true.
-        if (typeof Audio !== 'undefined') {
+        if (typeof Audio !== "undefined") {
           try {
             var test = new Audio();
 
             // Check if the canplaythrough event is available.
-            if (typeof test.oncanplaythrough === 'undefined') {
-              self._canPlayEvent = 'canplay';
+            if (typeof test.oncanplaythrough === "undefined") {
+              self._canPlayEvent = "canplay";
             }
-          } catch(e) {
+          } catch (e) {
             self.noAudio = true;
           }
         } else {
@@ -246,47 +255,89 @@
      * Check for browser support for various codecs and cache the results.
      * @return {Howler}
      */
-    _setupCodecs: function() {
+    _setupCodecs: function () {
       var self = this || Howler;
       var audioTest = null;
 
       // Must wrap in a try/catch because IE11 in server mode throws an error.
       try {
-        audioTest = (typeof Audio !== 'undefined') ? new Audio() : null;
+        audioTest = typeof Audio !== "undefined" ? new Audio() : null;
       } catch (err) {
         return self;
       }
 
-      if (!audioTest || typeof audioTest.canPlayType !== 'function') {
+      if (!audioTest || typeof audioTest.canPlayType !== "function") {
         return self;
       }
 
-      var mpegTest = audioTest.canPlayType('audio/mpeg;').replace(/^no$/, '');
+      var mpegTest = audioTest.canPlayType("audio/mpeg;").replace(/^no$/, "");
 
       // Opera version <33 has mixed MP3 support, so we need to check for and block it.
-      var ua = self._navigator ? self._navigator.userAgent : '';
+      var ua = self._navigator ? self._navigator.userAgent : "";
       var checkOpera = ua.match(/OPR\/(\d+)/g);
-      var isOldOpera = (checkOpera && parseInt(checkOpera[0].split('/')[1], 10) < 33);
-      var checkSafari = ua.indexOf('Safari') !== -1 && ua.indexOf('Chrome') === -1;
+      var isOldOpera =
+        checkOpera && parseInt(checkOpera[0].split("/")[1], 10) < 33;
+      var checkSafari =
+        ua.indexOf("Safari") !== -1 && ua.indexOf("Chrome") === -1;
       var safariVersion = ua.match(/Version\/(.*?) /);
-      var isOldSafari = (checkSafari && safariVersion && parseInt(safariVersion[1], 10) < 15);
+      var isOldSafari =
+        checkSafari && safariVersion && parseInt(safariVersion[1], 10) < 15;
 
       self._codecs = {
-        mp3: !!(!isOldOpera && (mpegTest || audioTest.canPlayType('audio/mp3;').replace(/^no$/, ''))),
+        mp3: !!(
+          !isOldOpera &&
+          (mpegTest || audioTest.canPlayType("audio/mp3;").replace(/^no$/, ""))
+        ),
         mpeg: !!mpegTest,
-        opus: !!audioTest.canPlayType('audio/ogg; codecs="opus"').replace(/^no$/, ''),
-        ogg: !!audioTest.canPlayType('audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"').replace(/^no$/, ''),
-        oga: !!audioTest.canPlayType('audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"').replace(/^no$/, ''),
-        wav: !!(audioTest.canPlayType('audio/wav; codecs="1"') || audioTest.canPlayType('audio/wav')).replace(/^no$/, ''),
-        aac: !!audioTest.canPlayType('audio/aac;').replace(/^no$/, ''),
-        caf: !!audioTest.canPlayType('audio/x-caf;').replace(/^no$/, ''),
-        m4a: !!(audioTest.canPlayType('audio/x-m4a;') || audioTest.canPlayType('audio/m4a;') || audioTest.canPlayType('audio/aac;')).replace(/^no$/, ''),
-        m4b: !!(audioTest.canPlayType('audio/x-m4b;') || audioTest.canPlayType('audio/m4b;') || audioTest.canPlayType('audio/aac;')).replace(/^no$/, ''),
-        mp4: !!(audioTest.canPlayType('audio/x-mp4;') || audioTest.canPlayType('audio/mp4;') || audioTest.canPlayType('audio/aac;')).replace(/^no$/, ''),
-        weba: !!(!isOldSafari && audioTest.canPlayType('audio/webm; codecs="vorbis"').replace(/^no$/, '')),
-        webm: !!(!isOldSafari && audioTest.canPlayType('audio/webm; codecs="vorbis"').replace(/^no$/, '')),
-        dolby: !!audioTest.canPlayType('audio/mp4; codecs="ec-3"').replace(/^no$/, ''),
-        flac: !!(audioTest.canPlayType('audio/x-flac;') || audioTest.canPlayType('audio/flac;')).replace(/^no$/, '')
+        opus: !!audioTest
+          .canPlayType('audio/ogg; codecs="opus"')
+          .replace(/^no$/, ""),
+        ogg: !!audioTest
+          .canPlayType('audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"')
+          .replace(/^no$/, ""),
+        oga: !!audioTest
+          .canPlayType('audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"')
+          .replace(/^no$/, ""),
+        wav: !!(
+          audioTest.canPlayType('audio/wav; codecs="1"') ||
+          audioTest.canPlayType("audio/wav")
+        ).replace(/^no$/, ""),
+        aac: !!audioTest.canPlayType("audio/aac;").replace(/^no$/, ""),
+        caf: !!audioTest.canPlayType("audio/x-caf;").replace(/^no$/, ""),
+        m4a: !!(
+          audioTest.canPlayType("audio/x-m4a;") ||
+          audioTest.canPlayType("audio/m4a;") ||
+          audioTest.canPlayType("audio/aac;")
+        ).replace(/^no$/, ""),
+        m4b: !!(
+          audioTest.canPlayType("audio/x-m4b;") ||
+          audioTest.canPlayType("audio/m4b;") ||
+          audioTest.canPlayType("audio/aac;")
+        ).replace(/^no$/, ""),
+        mp4: !!(
+          audioTest.canPlayType("audio/x-mp4;") ||
+          audioTest.canPlayType("audio/mp4;") ||
+          audioTest.canPlayType("audio/aac;")
+        ).replace(/^no$/, ""),
+        weba: !!(
+          !isOldSafari &&
+          audioTest
+            .canPlayType('audio/webm; codecs="vorbis"')
+            .replace(/^no$/, "")
+        ),
+        webm: !!(
+          !isOldSafari &&
+          audioTest
+            .canPlayType('audio/webm; codecs="vorbis"')
+            .replace(/^no$/, "")
+        ),
+        dolby: !!audioTest
+          .canPlayType('audio/mp4; codecs="ec-3"')
+          .replace(/^no$/, ""),
+        flac: !!(
+          audioTest.canPlayType("audio/x-flac;") ||
+          audioTest.canPlayType("audio/flac;")
+        ).replace(/^no$/, ""),
       };
 
       return self;
@@ -298,7 +349,7 @@
      * Concept from: http://paulbakaus.com/tutorials/html5/web-audio-on-ios/
      * @return {Howler}
      */
-    _unlockAudio: function() {
+    _unlockAudio: function () {
       var self = this || Howler;
 
       // Only run this if Web Audio is supported and it hasn't already been unlocked.
@@ -324,7 +375,7 @@
       // Call this method on touch start to create and play a buffer,
       // then check if the audio actually played to determine if
       // audio has now been unlocked on iOS, Android, etc.
-      var unlock = function(e) {
+      var unlock = function (e) {
         // Create a pool of unlocked HTML5 Audio objects that can
         // be used for playing sounds without user interaction. HTML5
         // Audio objects must be individually unlocked, as opposed
@@ -348,18 +399,20 @@
         }
 
         // Loop through any assigned audio nodes and unlock them.
-        for (var i=0; i<self._howls.length; i++) {
+        for (var i = 0; i < self._howls.length; i++) {
           if (!self._howls[i]._webAudio) {
             // Get all of the sounds in this Howl group.
             var ids = self._howls[i]._getSoundIds();
 
             // Loop through all sounds and unlock the audio nodes.
-            for (var j=0; j<ids.length; j++) {
+            for (var j = 0; j < ids.length; j++) {
               var sound = self._howls[i]._soundById(ids[j]);
 
               if (sound && sound._node && !sound._node._unlocked) {
                 sound._node._unlocked = true;
+                var currentTime = sound._node.currentTime;
                 sound._node.load();
+                sound._node.currentTime = currentTime;
               }
             }
           }
@@ -374,42 +427,42 @@
         source.connect(self.ctx.destination);
 
         // Play the empty buffer.
-        if (typeof source.start === 'undefined') {
+        if (typeof source.start === "undefined") {
           source.noteOn(0);
         } else {
           source.start(0);
         }
 
         // Calling resume() on a stack initiated by user gesture is what actually unlocks the audio on Android Chrome >= 55.
-        if (typeof self.ctx.resume === 'function') {
+        if (typeof self.ctx.resume === "function") {
           self.ctx.resume();
         }
 
         // Setup a timeout to check that we are unlocked on the next event loop.
-        source.onended = function() {
+        source.onended = function () {
           source.disconnect(0);
 
           // Update the unlocked state and prevent this check from happening again.
           self._audioUnlocked = true;
 
           // Remove the touch start listener.
-          document.removeEventListener('touchstart', unlock, true);
-          document.removeEventListener('touchend', unlock, true);
-          document.removeEventListener('click', unlock, true);
-          document.removeEventListener('keydown', unlock, true);
+          document.removeEventListener("touchstart", unlock, true);
+          document.removeEventListener("touchend", unlock, true);
+          document.removeEventListener("click", unlock, true);
+          document.removeEventListener("keydown", unlock, true);
 
           // Let all sounds know that audio has been unlocked.
-          for (var i=0; i<self._howls.length; i++) {
-            self._howls[i]._emit('unlock');
+          for (var i = 0; i < self._howls.length; i++) {
+            self._howls[i]._emit("unlock");
           }
         };
       };
 
       // Setup a touch start listener to attempt an unlock in.
-      document.addEventListener('touchstart', unlock, true);
-      document.addEventListener('touchend', unlock, true);
-      document.addEventListener('click', unlock, true);
-      document.addEventListener('keydown', unlock, true);
+      document.addEventListener("touchstart", unlock, true);
+      document.addEventListener("touchend", unlock, true);
+      document.addEventListener("click", unlock, true);
+      document.addEventListener("keydown", unlock, true);
 
       return self;
     },
@@ -419,7 +472,7 @@
      * return a new Audio object and throw a warning.
      * @return {Audio} HTML5 Audio object.
      */
-    _obtainHtml5Audio: function() {
+    _obtainHtml5Audio: function () {
       var self = this || Howler;
 
       // Return the next object from the pool if one exists.
@@ -429,9 +482,15 @@
 
       //.Check if the audio is locked and throw a warning.
       var testPlay = new Audio().play();
-      if (testPlay && typeof Promise !== 'undefined' && (testPlay instanceof Promise || typeof testPlay.then === 'function')) {
-        testPlay.catch(function() {
-          console.warn('HTML5 Audio pool exhausted, returning potentially locked audio object.');
+      if (
+        testPlay &&
+        typeof Promise !== "undefined" &&
+        (testPlay instanceof Promise || typeof testPlay.then === "function")
+      ) {
+        testPlay.catch(function () {
+          console.warn(
+            "HTML5 Audio pool exhausted, returning potentially locked audio object."
+          );
         });
       }
 
@@ -442,7 +501,7 @@
      * Return an activated HTML5 Audio object to the pool.
      * @return {Howler}
      */
-    _releaseHtml5Audio: function(audio) {
+    _releaseHtml5Audio: function (audio) {
       var self = this || Howler;
 
       // Don't add audio to the pool if we don't know if it has been unlocked.
@@ -458,17 +517,22 @@
      * This saves processing/energy and fixes various browser-specific bugs with audio getting stuck.
      * @return {Howler}
      */
-    _autoSuspend: function() {
+    _autoSuspend: function () {
       var self = this;
 
-      if (!self.autoSuspend || !self.ctx || typeof self.ctx.suspend === 'undefined' || !Howler.usingWebAudio) {
+      if (
+        !self.autoSuspend ||
+        !self.ctx ||
+        typeof self.ctx.suspend === "undefined" ||
+        !Howler.usingWebAudio
+      ) {
         return;
       }
 
       // Check if any sounds are playing.
-      for (var i=0; i<self._howls.length; i++) {
+      for (var i = 0; i < self._howls.length; i++) {
         if (self._howls[i]._webAudio) {
-          for (var j=0; j<self._howls[i]._sounds.length; j++) {
+          for (var j = 0; j < self._howls[i]._sounds.length; j++) {
             if (!self._howls[i]._sounds[j]._paused) {
               return self;
             }
@@ -481,17 +545,17 @@
       }
 
       // If no sound has played after 30 seconds, suspend the context.
-      self._suspendTimer = setTimeout(function() {
+      self._suspendTimer = setTimeout(function () {
         if (!self.autoSuspend) {
           return;
         }
 
         self._suspendTimer = null;
-        self.state = 'suspending';
+        self.state = "suspending";
 
         // Handle updating the state of the audio context after suspending.
-        var handleSuspension = function() {
-          self.state = 'suspended';
+        var handleSuspension = function () {
+          self.state = "suspended";
 
           if (self._resumeAfterSuspend) {
             delete self._resumeAfterSuspend;
@@ -511,23 +575,34 @@
      * Automatically resume the Web Audio AudioContext when a new sound is played.
      * @return {Howler}
      */
-    _autoResume: function() {
+    _autoResume: function () {
       var self = this;
 
-      if (!self.ctx || typeof self.ctx.resume === 'undefined' || !Howler.usingWebAudio) {
+      if (
+        !self.ctx ||
+        typeof self.ctx.resume === "undefined" ||
+        !Howler.usingWebAudio
+      ) {
         return;
       }
 
-      if (self.state === 'running' && self.ctx.state !== 'interrupted' && self._suspendTimer) {
+      if (
+        self.state === "running" &&
+        self.ctx.state !== "interrupted" &&
+        self._suspendTimer
+      ) {
         clearTimeout(self._suspendTimer);
         self._suspendTimer = null;
-      } else if (self.state === 'suspended' || self.state === 'running' && self.ctx.state === 'interrupted') {
-        self.ctx.resume().then(function() {
-          self.state = 'running';
+      } else if (
+        self.state === "suspended" ||
+        (self.state === "running" && self.ctx.state === "interrupted")
+      ) {
+        self.ctx.resume().then(function () {
+          self.state = "running";
 
           // Emit to all Howls that the audio has resumed.
-          for (var i=0; i<self._howls.length; i++) {
-            self._howls[i]._emit('resume');
+          for (var i = 0; i < self._howls.length; i++) {
+            self._howls[i]._emit("resume");
           }
         });
 
@@ -535,12 +610,12 @@
           clearTimeout(self._suspendTimer);
           self._suspendTimer = null;
         }
-      } else if (self.state === 'suspending') {
+      } else if (self.state === "suspending") {
         self._resumeAfterSuspend = true;
       }
 
       return self;
-    }
+    },
   };
 
   // Setup the global audio controller.
@@ -553,12 +628,14 @@
    * Create an audio group controller.
    * @param {Object} o Passed in properties for this group.
    */
-  var Howl = function(o) {
+  var Howl = function (o) {
     var self = this;
 
     // Throw an error if no source is provided.
     if (!o.src || o.src.length === 0) {
-      console.error('An array of source files must be passed with any new Howl.');
+      console.error(
+        "An array of source files must be passed with any new Howl."
+      );
       return;
     }
 
@@ -570,7 +647,7 @@
      * @param  {Object} o Passed in properties for this group.
      * @return {Howl}
      */
-    init: function(o) {
+    init: function (o) {
       var self = this;
 
       // If we don't have an AudioContext created yet, run the setup.
@@ -580,51 +657,59 @@
 
       // Setup user-defined default properties.
       self._autoplay = o.autoplay || false;
-      self._format = (typeof o.format !== 'string') ? o.format : [o.format];
+      self._format = typeof o.format !== "string" ? o.format : [o.format];
       self._html5 = o.html5 || false;
       self._muted = o.mute || false;
       self._loop = o.loop || false;
       self._pool = o.pool || 5;
-      self._preload = (typeof o.preload === 'boolean' || o.preload === 'metadata') ? o.preload : true;
+      self._preload =
+        typeof o.preload === "boolean" || o.preload === "metadata"
+          ? o.preload
+          : true;
       self._rate = o.rate || 1;
       self._sprite = o.sprite || {};
-      self._src = (typeof o.src !== 'string') ? o.src : [o.src];
+      self._src = typeof o.src !== "string" ? o.src : [o.src];
       self._volume = o.volume !== undefined ? o.volume : 1;
       self._xhr = {
-        method: o.xhr && o.xhr.method ? o.xhr.method : 'GET',
+        method: o.xhr && o.xhr.method ? o.xhr.method : "GET",
         headers: o.xhr && o.xhr.headers ? o.xhr.headers : null,
-        withCredentials: o.xhr && o.xhr.withCredentials ? o.xhr.withCredentials : false,
+        withCredentials:
+          o.xhr && o.xhr.withCredentials ? o.xhr.withCredentials : false,
       };
 
       // Setup all other default properties.
       self._duration = 0;
-      self._state = 'unloaded';
+      self._state = "unloaded";
       self._sounds = [];
       self._endTimers = {};
       self._queue = [];
       self._playLock = false;
 
       // Setup event listeners.
-      self._onend = o.onend ? [{fn: o.onend}] : [];
-      self._onfade = o.onfade ? [{fn: o.onfade}] : [];
-      self._onload = o.onload ? [{fn: o.onload}] : [];
-      self._onloaderror = o.onloaderror ? [{fn: o.onloaderror}] : [];
-      self._onplayerror = o.onplayerror ? [{fn: o.onplayerror}] : [];
-      self._onpause = o.onpause ? [{fn: o.onpause}] : [];
-      self._onplay = o.onplay ? [{fn: o.onplay}] : [];
-      self._onstop = o.onstop ? [{fn: o.onstop}] : [];
-      self._onmute = o.onmute ? [{fn: o.onmute}] : [];
-      self._onvolume = o.onvolume ? [{fn: o.onvolume}] : [];
-      self._onrate = o.onrate ? [{fn: o.onrate}] : [];
-      self._onseek = o.onseek ? [{fn: o.onseek}] : [];
-      self._onunlock = o.onunlock ? [{fn: o.onunlock}] : [];
+      self._onend = o.onend ? [{ fn: o.onend }] : [];
+      self._onfade = o.onfade ? [{ fn: o.onfade }] : [];
+      self._onload = o.onload ? [{ fn: o.onload }] : [];
+      self._onloaderror = o.onloaderror ? [{ fn: o.onloaderror }] : [];
+      self._onplayerror = o.onplayerror ? [{ fn: o.onplayerror }] : [];
+      self._onpause = o.onpause ? [{ fn: o.onpause }] : [];
+      self._onplay = o.onplay ? [{ fn: o.onplay }] : [];
+      self._onstop = o.onstop ? [{ fn: o.onstop }] : [];
+      self._onmute = o.onmute ? [{ fn: o.onmute }] : [];
+      self._onvolume = o.onvolume ? [{ fn: o.onvolume }] : [];
+      self._onrate = o.onrate ? [{ fn: o.onrate }] : [];
+      self._onseek = o.onseek ? [{ fn: o.onseek }] : [];
+      self._onunlock = o.onunlock ? [{ fn: o.onunlock }] : [];
       self._onresume = [];
 
       // Web Audio or HTML5 Audio?
       self._webAudio = Howler.usingWebAudio && !self._html5;
 
       // Automatically try to enable audio.
-      if (typeof Howler.ctx !== 'undefined' && Howler.ctx && Howler.autoUnlock) {
+      if (
+        typeof Howler.ctx !== "undefined" &&
+        Howler.ctx &&
+        Howler.autoUnlock
+      ) {
         Howler._unlockAudio();
       }
 
@@ -634,15 +719,15 @@
       // If they selected autoplay, add a play event to the load queue.
       if (self._autoplay) {
         self._queue.push({
-          event: 'play',
-          action: function() {
+          event: "play",
+          action: function () {
             self.play();
-          }
+          },
         });
       }
 
       // Load the source file unless otherwise specified.
-      if (self._preload && self._preload !== 'none') {
+      if (self._preload && self._preload !== "none") {
         self.load();
       }
 
@@ -653,23 +738,23 @@
      * Load the audio file.
      * @return {Howler}
      */
-    load: function() {
+    load: function () {
       var self = this;
       var url = null;
 
       // If no audio is available, quit immediately.
       if (Howler.noAudio) {
-        self._emit('loaderror', null, 'No audio support.');
+        self._emit("loaderror", null, "No audio support.");
         return;
       }
 
       // Make sure our source is in an array.
-      if (typeof self._src === 'string') {
+      if (typeof self._src === "string") {
         self._src = [self._src];
       }
 
       // Loop through the sources and pick the first one that is compatible.
-      for (var i=0; i<self._src.length; i++) {
+      for (var i = 0; i < self._src.length; i++) {
         var ext, str;
 
         if (self._format && self._format[i]) {
@@ -678,15 +763,19 @@
         } else {
           // Make sure the source is a string.
           str = self._src[i];
-          if (typeof str !== 'string') {
-            self._emit('loaderror', null, 'Non-string found in selected audio sources - ignoring.');
+          if (typeof str !== "string") {
+            self._emit(
+              "loaderror",
+              null,
+              "Non-string found in selected audio sources - ignoring."
+            );
             continue;
           }
 
           // Extract the file extension from the URL or base64 data URI.
           ext = /^data:audio\/([^;,]+);/i.exec(str);
           if (!ext) {
-            ext = /\.([^.]+)$/.exec(str.split('?', 1)[0]);
+            ext = /\.([^.]+)$/.exec(str.split("?", 1)[0]);
           }
 
           if (ext) {
@@ -696,7 +785,9 @@
 
         // Log a warning if no extension was found.
         if (!ext) {
-          console.warn('No file extension was found. Consider using the "format" property or specify an extension.');
+          console.warn(
+            'No file extension was found. Consider using the "format" property or specify an extension.'
+          );
         }
 
         // Check if this extension is available.
@@ -707,16 +798,23 @@
       }
 
       if (!url) {
-        self._emit('loaderror', null, 'No codec support for selected audio sources.');
+        self._emit(
+          "loaderror",
+          null,
+          "No codec support for selected audio sources."
+        );
         return;
       }
 
       self._src = url;
-      self._state = 'loading';
+      self._state = "loading";
 
       // If the hosting page is HTTPS and the source isn't,
       // drop down to HTML5 Audio to avoid Mixed Content errors.
-      if (window.location.protocol === 'https:' && url.slice(0, 5) === 'http:') {
+      if (
+        window.location.protocol === "https:" &&
+        url.slice(0, 5) === "http:"
+      ) {
         self._html5 = true;
         self._webAudio = false;
       }
@@ -738,26 +836,30 @@
      * @param  {Boolean} internal Internal Use: true prevents event firing.
      * @return {Number}          Sound ID.
      */
-    play: function(sprite, internal) {
+    play: function (sprite, internal) {
       var self = this;
       var id = null;
 
       // Determine if a sprite, sound id or nothing was passed
-      if (typeof sprite === 'number') {
+      if (typeof sprite === "number") {
         id = sprite;
         sprite = null;
-      } else if (typeof sprite === 'string' && self._state === 'loaded' && !self._sprite[sprite]) {
+      } else if (
+        typeof sprite === "string" &&
+        self._state === "loaded" &&
+        !self._sprite[sprite]
+      ) {
         // If the passed sprite doesn't exist, do nothing.
         return null;
-      } else if (typeof sprite === 'undefined') {
+      } else if (typeof sprite === "undefined") {
         // Use the default sound sprite (plays the full audio length).
-        sprite = '__default';
+        sprite = "__default";
 
         // Check if there is a single paused sound that isn't ended.
         // If there is, play that sound. If not, continue as usual.
         if (!self._playLock) {
           var num = 0;
-          for (var i=0; i<self._sounds.length; i++) {
+          for (var i = 0; i < self._sounds.length; i++) {
             if (self._sounds[i]._paused && !self._sounds[i]._ended) {
               num++;
               id = self._sounds[i]._id;
@@ -782,13 +884,13 @@
 
       // Select the sprite definition.
       if (id && !sprite) {
-        sprite = sound._sprite || '__default';
+        sprite = sound._sprite || "__default";
       }
 
       // If the sound hasn't loaded, we must wait to get the audio's duration.
       // We also need to wait to make sure we don't run into race conditions with
       // the order of function calls.
-      if (self._state !== 'loaded') {
+      if (self._state !== "loaded") {
         // Set the sprite value on this sound.
         sound._sprite = sprite;
 
@@ -798,10 +900,10 @@
         // Add the sound to the queue to be played on load.
         var soundId = sound._id;
         self._queue.push({
-          event: 'play',
-          action: function() {
+          event: "play",
+          action: function () {
             self.play(soundId);
-          }
+          },
         });
 
         return soundId;
@@ -811,7 +913,7 @@
       if (id && !sound._paused) {
         // Trigger the play event, in order to keep iterating through queue.
         if (!internal) {
-          self._loadQueue('play');
+          self._loadQueue("play");
         }
 
         return sound._id;
@@ -823,8 +925,14 @@
       }
 
       // Determine how long to play for and where to start playing.
-      var seek = Math.max(0, sound._seek > 0 ? sound._seek : self._sprite[sprite][0] / 1000);
-      var duration = Math.max(0, ((self._sprite[sprite][0] + self._sprite[sprite][1]) / 1000) - seek);
+      var seek = Math.max(
+        0,
+        sound._seek > 0 ? sound._seek : self._sprite[sprite][0] / 1000
+      );
+      var duration = Math.max(
+        0,
+        (self._sprite[sprite][0] + self._sprite[sprite][1]) / 1000 - seek
+      );
       var timeout = (duration * 1000) / Math.abs(sound._rate);
       var start = self._sprite[sprite][0] / 1000;
       var stop = (self._sprite[sprite][0] + self._sprite[sprite][1]) / 1000;
@@ -835,7 +943,7 @@
       sound._ended = false;
 
       // Update the parameters of the sound.
-      var setParams = function() {
+      var setParams = function () {
         sound._paused = false;
         sound._seek = seek;
         sound._start = start;
@@ -853,52 +961,60 @@
       var node = sound._node;
       if (self._webAudio) {
         // Fire this when the sound is ready to play to begin Web Audio playback.
-        var playWebAudio = function() {
+        var playWebAudio = function () {
           self._playLock = false;
           setParams();
           self._refreshBuffer(sound);
 
           // Setup the playback params.
-          var vol = (sound._muted || self._muted) ? 0 : sound._volume;
+          var vol = sound._muted || self._muted ? 0 : sound._volume;
           node.gain.setValueAtTime(vol, Howler.ctx.currentTime);
           sound._playStart = Howler.ctx.currentTime;
 
           // Play the sound using the supported method.
-          if (typeof node.bufferSource.start === 'undefined') {
-            sound._loop ? node.bufferSource.noteGrainOn(0, seek, 86400) : node.bufferSource.noteGrainOn(0, seek, duration);
+          if (typeof node.bufferSource.start === "undefined") {
+            sound._loop
+              ? node.bufferSource.noteGrainOn(0, seek, 86400)
+              : node.bufferSource.noteGrainOn(0, seek, duration);
           } else {
-            sound._loop ? node.bufferSource.start(0, seek, 86400) : node.bufferSource.start(0, seek, duration);
+            sound._loop
+              ? node.bufferSource.start(0, seek, 86400)
+              : node.bufferSource.start(0, seek, duration);
           }
 
           // Start a new timer if none is present.
           if (timeout !== Infinity) {
-            self._endTimers[sound._id] = setTimeout(self._ended.bind(self, sound), timeout);
+            self._endTimers[sound._id] = setTimeout(
+              self._ended.bind(self, sound),
+              timeout
+            );
           }
 
           if (!internal) {
-            setTimeout(function() {
-              self._emit('play', sound._id);
+            setTimeout(function () {
+              self._emit("play", sound._id);
               self._loadQueue();
             }, 0);
           }
         };
 
-        if (Howler.state === 'running' && Howler.ctx.state !== 'interrupted') {
+        if (Howler.state === "running" && Howler.ctx.state !== "interrupted") {
           playWebAudio();
         } else {
           self._playLock = true;
 
           // Wait for the audio context to resume before playing.
-          self.once('resume', playWebAudio);
+          self.once("resume", playWebAudio);
 
           // Cancel the end timer.
           self._clearTimer(sound._id);
         }
       } else {
         // Fire this when the sound is ready to play to begin HTML5 Audio playback.
-        var playHtml5 = function() {
+        var playHtml5 = function () {
           node.currentTime = seek;
-          node.muted = sound._muted || self._muted || Howler._muted || node.muted;
+          node.muted =
+            sound._muted || self._muted || Howler._muted || node.muted;
           node.volume = sound._volume * Howler.volume();
           node.playbackRate = sound._rate;
 
@@ -907,7 +1023,11 @@
             var play = node.play();
 
             // Support older browsers that don't support promises, and thus don't have this issue.
-            if (play && typeof Promise !== 'undefined' && (play instanceof Promise || typeof play.then === 'function')) {
+            if (
+              play &&
+              typeof Promise !== "undefined" &&
+              (play instanceof Promise || typeof play.then === "function")
+            ) {
               // Implements a lock to prevent DOMException: The play() request was interrupted by a call to pause().
               self._playLock = true;
 
@@ -916,19 +1036,23 @@
 
               // Releases the lock and executes queued actions.
               play
-                .then(function() {
+                .then(function () {
                   self._playLock = false;
                   node._unlocked = true;
                   if (!internal) {
-                    self._emit('play', sound._id);
+                    self._emit("play", sound._id);
                   } else {
                     self._loadQueue();
                   }
                 })
-                .catch(function() {
+                .catch(function () {
                   self._playLock = false;
-                  self._emit('playerror', sound._id, 'Playback was unable to start. This is most commonly an issue ' +
-                    'on mobile devices and Chrome where playback was not within a user interaction.');
+                  self._emit(
+                    "playerror",
+                    sound._id,
+                    "Playback was unable to start. This is most commonly an issue " +
+                      "on mobile devices and Chrome where playback was not within a user interaction."
+                  );
 
                   // Reset the ended and paused values.
                   sound._ended = true;
@@ -937,7 +1061,7 @@
             } else if (!internal) {
               self._playLock = false;
               setParams();
-              self._emit('play', sound._id);
+              self._emit("play", sound._id);
             }
 
             // Setting rate before playing won't work in IE, so we set it again here.
@@ -945,46 +1069,62 @@
 
             // If the node is still paused, then we can assume there was a playback issue.
             if (node.paused) {
-              self._emit('playerror', sound._id, 'Playback was unable to start. This is most commonly an issue ' +
-                'on mobile devices and Chrome where playback was not within a user interaction.');
+              self._emit(
+                "playerror",
+                sound._id,
+                "Playback was unable to start. This is most commonly an issue " +
+                  "on mobile devices and Chrome where playback was not within a user interaction."
+              );
               return;
             }
 
             // Setup the end timer on sprites or listen for the ended event.
-            if (sprite !== '__default' || sound._loop) {
-              self._endTimers[sound._id] = setTimeout(self._ended.bind(self, sound), timeout);
+            if (sprite !== "__default" || sound._loop) {
+              self._endTimers[sound._id] = setTimeout(
+                self._ended.bind(self, sound),
+                timeout
+              );
             } else {
-              self._endTimers[sound._id] = function() {
+              self._endTimers[sound._id] = function () {
                 // Fire ended on this audio node.
                 self._ended(sound);
 
                 // Clear this listener.
-                node.removeEventListener('ended', self._endTimers[sound._id], false);
+                node.removeEventListener(
+                  "ended",
+                  self._endTimers[sound._id],
+                  false
+                );
               };
-              node.addEventListener('ended', self._endTimers[sound._id], false);
+              node.addEventListener("ended", self._endTimers[sound._id], false);
             }
           } catch (err) {
-            self._emit('playerror', sound._id, err);
+            self._emit("playerror", sound._id, err);
           }
         };
 
         // If this is streaming audio, make sure the src is set and load again.
-        if (node.src === 'data:audio/wav;base64,UklGRigAAABXQVZFZm10IBIAAAABAAEARKwAAIhYAQACABAAAABkYXRhAgAAAAEA') {
+        if (
+          node.src ===
+          "data:audio/wav;base64,UklGRigAAABXQVZFZm10IBIAAAABAAEARKwAAIhYAQACABAAAABkYXRhAgAAAAEA"
+        ) {
           node.src = self._src;
           node.load();
         }
 
         // Play immediately if ready, or wait for the 'canplaythrough'e vent.
-        var loadedNoReadyState = (window && window.ejecta) || (!node.readyState && Howler._navigator.isCocoonJS);
+        var loadedNoReadyState =
+          (window && window.ejecta) ||
+          (!node.readyState && Howler._navigator.isCocoonJS);
         if (node.readyState >= 3 || loadedNoReadyState) {
           playHtml5();
         } else {
           self._playLock = true;
-          self._state = 'loading';
+          self._state = "loading";
+
+          var listener = function () {
+            self._state = "loaded";
 
-          var listener = function() {
-            self._state = 'loaded';
-            
             // Begin playback.
             playHtml5();
 
@@ -1006,16 +1146,16 @@
      * @param  {Number} id The sound ID (empty to pause all in group).
      * @return {Howl}
      */
-    pause: function(id) {
+    pause: function (id) {
       var self = this;
 
       // If the sound hasn't loaded or a play() promise is pending, add it to the load queue to pause when capable.
-      if (self._state !== 'loaded' || self._playLock) {
+      if (self._state !== "loaded" || self._playLock) {
         self._queue.push({
-          event: 'pause',
-          action: function() {
+          event: "pause",
+          action: function () {
             self.pause(id);
-          }
+          },
         });
 
         return self;
@@ -1024,7 +1164,7 @@
       // If no id is passed, get all ID's to be paused.
       var ids = self._getSoundIds(id);
 
-      for (var i=0; i<ids.length; i++) {
+      for (var i = 0; i < ids.length; i++) {
         // Clear the end timer.
         self._clearTimer(ids[i]);
 
@@ -1047,7 +1187,7 @@
                 continue;
               }
 
-              if (typeof sound._node.bufferSource.stop === 'undefined') {
+              if (typeof sound._node.bufferSource.stop === "undefined") {
                 sound._node.bufferSource.noteOff(0);
               } else {
                 sound._node.bufferSource.stop(0);
@@ -1055,7 +1195,10 @@
 
               // Clean up the buffer source.
               self._cleanBuffer(sound._node);
-            } else if (!isNaN(sound._node.duration) || sound._node.duration === Infinity) {
+            } else if (
+              !isNaN(sound._node.duration) ||
+              sound._node.duration === Infinity
+            ) {
               sound._node.pause();
             }
           }
@@ -1063,7 +1206,7 @@
 
         // Fire the pause event, unless `true` is passed as the 2nd argument.
         if (!arguments[1]) {
-          self._emit('pause', sound ? sound._id : null);
+          self._emit("pause", sound ? sound._id : null);
         }
       }
 
@@ -1076,16 +1219,16 @@
      * @param  {Boolean} internal Internal Use: true prevents event firing.
      * @return {Howl}
      */
-    stop: function(id, internal) {
+    stop: function (id, internal) {
       var self = this;
 
       // If the sound hasn't loaded, add it to the load queue to stop when capable.
-      if (self._state !== 'loaded' || self._playLock) {
+      if (self._state !== "loaded" || self._playLock) {
         self._queue.push({
-          event: 'stop',
-          action: function() {
+          event: "stop",
+          action: function () {
             self.stop(id);
-          }
+          },
         });
 
         return self;
@@ -1094,7 +1237,7 @@
       // If no id is passed, get all ID's to be stopped.
       var ids = self._getSoundIds(id);
 
-      for (var i=0; i<ids.length; i++) {
+      for (var i = 0; i < ids.length; i++) {
         // Clear the end timer.
         self._clearTimer(ids[i]);
 
@@ -1115,7 +1258,7 @@
             if (self._webAudio) {
               // Make sure the sound's AudioBufferSourceNode has been created.
               if (sound._node.bufferSource) {
-                if (typeof sound._node.bufferSource.stop === 'undefined') {
+                if (typeof sound._node.bufferSource.stop === "undefined") {
                   sound._node.bufferSource.noteOff(0);
                 } else {
                   sound._node.bufferSource.stop(0);
@@ -1124,7 +1267,10 @@
                 // Clean up the buffer source.
                 self._cleanBuffer(sound._node);
               }
-            } else if (!isNaN(sound._node.duration) || sound._node.duration === Infinity) {
+            } else if (
+              !isNaN(sound._node.duration) ||
+              sound._node.duration === Infinity
+            ) {
               sound._node.currentTime = sound._start || 0;
               sound._node.pause();
 
@@ -1136,7 +1282,7 @@
           }
 
           if (!internal) {
-            self._emit('stop', sound._id);
+            self._emit("stop", sound._id);
           }
         }
       }
@@ -1150,24 +1296,24 @@
      * @param  {Number} id    The sound ID to update (omit to mute/unmute all).
      * @return {Howl}
      */
-    mute: function(muted, id) {
+    mute: function (muted, id) {
       var self = this;
 
       // If the sound hasn't loaded, add it to the load queue to mute when capable.
-      if (self._state !== 'loaded'|| self._playLock) {
+      if (self._state !== "loaded" || self._playLock) {
         self._queue.push({
-          event: 'mute',
-          action: function() {
+          event: "mute",
+          action: function () {
             self.mute(muted, id);
-          }
+          },
         });
 
         return self;
       }
 
       // If applying mute/unmute to all sounds, update the group's value.
-      if (typeof id === 'undefined') {
-        if (typeof muted === 'boolean') {
+      if (typeof id === "undefined") {
+        if (typeof muted === "boolean") {
           self._muted = muted;
         } else {
           return self._muted;
@@ -1177,7 +1323,7 @@
       // If no id is passed, get all ID's to be muted.
       var ids = self._getSoundIds(id);
 
-      for (var i=0; i<ids.length; i++) {
+      for (var i = 0; i < ids.length; i++) {
         // Get the sound.
         var sound = self._soundById(ids[i]);
 
@@ -1190,12 +1336,15 @@
           }
 
           if (self._webAudio && sound._node) {
-            sound._node.gain.setValueAtTime(muted ? 0 : sound._volume, Howler.ctx.currentTime);
+            sound._node.gain.setValueAtTime(
+              muted ? 0 : sound._volume,
+              Howler.ctx.currentTime
+            );
           } else if (sound._node) {
             sound._node.muted = Howler._muted ? true : muted;
           }
 
-          self._emit('mute', sound._id);
+          self._emit("mute", sound._id);
         }
       }
 
@@ -1210,7 +1359,7 @@
      *   volume(vol, id) -> Sets the volume of passed sound id.
      * @return {Howl/Number} Returns self or current volume.
      */
-    volume: function() {
+    volume: function () {
       var self = this;
       var args = arguments;
       var vol, id;
@@ -1219,7 +1368,10 @@
       if (args.length === 0) {
         // Return the value of the groups' volume.
         return self._volume;
-      } else if (args.length === 1 || args.length === 2 && typeof args[1] === 'undefined') {
+      } else if (
+        args.length === 1 ||
+        (args.length === 2 && typeof args[1] === "undefined")
+      ) {
         // First check if this is an ID, and if not, assume it is a new volume.
         var ids = self._getSoundIds();
         var index = ids.indexOf(args[0]);
@@ -1235,27 +1387,27 @@
 
       // Update the volume or return the current volume.
       var sound;
-      if (typeof vol !== 'undefined' && vol >= 0 && vol <= 1) {
+      if (typeof vol !== "undefined" && vol >= 0 && vol <= 1) {
         // If the sound hasn't loaded, add it to the load queue to change volume when capable.
-        if (self._state !== 'loaded'|| self._playLock) {
+        if (self._state !== "loaded" || self._playLock) {
           self._queue.push({
-            event: 'volume',
-            action: function() {
+            event: "volume",
+            action: function () {
               self.volume.apply(self, args);
-            }
+            },
           });
 
           return self;
         }
 
         // Set the group volume.
-        if (typeof id === 'undefined') {
+        if (typeof id === "undefined") {
           self._volume = vol;
         }
 
         // Update one or all volumes.
         id = self._getSoundIds(id);
-        for (var i=0; i<id.length; i++) {
+        for (var i = 0; i < id.length; i++) {
           // Get the sound.
           sound = self._soundById(id[i]);
 
@@ -1273,7 +1425,7 @@
               sound._node.volume = vol * Howler.volume();
             }
 
-            self._emit('volume', sound._id);
+            self._emit("volume", sound._id);
           }
         }
       } else {
@@ -1292,16 +1444,16 @@
      * @param  {Number} id   The sound id (omit to fade all sounds).
      * @return {Howl}
      */
-    fade: function(from, to, len, id) {
+    fade: function (from, to, len, id) {
       var self = this;
 
       // If the sound hasn't loaded, add it to the load queue to fade when capable.
-      if (self._state !== 'loaded' || self._playLock) {
+      if (self._state !== "loaded" || self._playLock) {
         self._queue.push({
-          event: 'fade',
-          action: function() {
+          event: "fade",
+          action: function () {
             self.fade(from, to, len, id);
-          }
+          },
         });
 
         return self;
@@ -1317,7 +1469,7 @@
 
       // Fade the volume of one or all sounds.
       var ids = self._getSoundIds(id);
-      for (var i=0; i<ids.length; i++) {
+      for (var i = 0; i < ids.length; i++) {
         // Get the sound.
         var sound = self._soundById(ids[i]);
 
@@ -1331,13 +1483,20 @@
           // If we are using Web Audio, let the native methods do the actual fade.
           if (self._webAudio && !sound._muted) {
             var currentTime = Howler.ctx.currentTime;
-            var end = currentTime + (len / 1000);
+            var end = currentTime + len / 1000;
             sound._volume = from;
             sound._node.gain.setValueAtTime(from, currentTime);
             sound._node.gain.linearRampToValueAtTime(to, end);
           }
 
-          self._startFadeInterval(sound, from, to, len, ids[i], typeof id === 'undefined');
+          self._startFadeInterval(
+            sound,
+            from,
+            to,
+            len,
+            ids[i],
+            typeof id === "undefined"
+          );
         }
       }
 
@@ -1353,19 +1512,19 @@
      * @param  {Number} id   The sound id to fade.
      * @param  {Boolean} isGroup   If true, set the volume on the group.
      */
-    _startFadeInterval: function(sound, from, to, len, id, isGroup) {
+    _startFadeInterval: function (sound, from, to, len, id, isGroup) {
       var self = this;
       var vol = from;
       var diff = to - from;
       var steps = Math.abs(diff / 0.01);
-      var stepLen = Math.max(4, (steps > 0) ? len / steps : len);
+      var stepLen = Math.max(4, steps > 0 ? len / steps : len);
       var lastTick = Date.now();
 
       // Store the value being faded to.
       sound._fadeTo = to;
 
       // Update the volume value on each interval tick.
-      sound._interval = setInterval(function() {
+      sound._interval = setInterval(function () {
         // Update the volume based on the time since the last tick.
         var tick = (Date.now() - lastTick) / len;
         lastTick = Date.now();
@@ -1399,7 +1558,7 @@
           sound._interval = null;
           sound._fadeTo = null;
           self.volume(to, sound._id);
-          self._emit('fade', sound._id);
+          self._emit("fade", sound._id);
         }
       }, stepLen);
     },
@@ -1410,7 +1569,7 @@
      * @param  {Number} id The sound id.
      * @return {Howl}
      */
-    _stopFade: function(id) {
+    _stopFade: function (id) {
       var self = this;
       var sound = self._soundById(id);
 
@@ -1423,7 +1582,7 @@
         sound._interval = null;
         self.volume(sound._fadeTo, id);
         sound._fadeTo = null;
-        self._emit('fade', id);
+        self._emit("fade", id);
       }
 
       return self;
@@ -1437,7 +1596,7 @@
      *   loop(loop, id) -> Sets the loop value of passed sound id.
      * @return {Howl/Boolean} Returns self or current loop value.
      */
-    loop: function() {
+    loop: function () {
       var self = this;
       var args = arguments;
       var loop, id, sound;
@@ -1447,7 +1606,7 @@
         // Return the grou's loop value.
         return self._loop;
       } else if (args.length === 1) {
-        if (typeof args[0] === 'boolean') {
+        if (typeof args[0] === "boolean") {
           loop = args[0];
           self._loop = loop;
         } else {
@@ -1462,7 +1621,7 @@
 
       // If no id is passed, get all ID's to be looped.
       var ids = self._getSoundIds(id);
-      for (var i=0; i<ids.length; i++) {
+      for (var i = 0; i < ids.length; i++) {
         sound = self._soundById(ids[i]);
 
         if (sound) {
@@ -1494,7 +1653,7 @@
      *   rate(rate, id) -> Sets the playback rate of passed sound id.
      * @return {Howl/Number} Returns self or the current playback rate.
      */
-    rate: function() {
+    rate: function () {
       var self = this;
       var args = arguments;
       var rate, id;
@@ -1519,27 +1678,27 @@
 
       // Update the playback rate or return the current value.
       var sound;
-      if (typeof rate === 'number') {
+      if (typeof rate === "number") {
         // If the sound hasn't loaded, add it to the load queue to change playback rate when capable.
-        if (self._state !== 'loaded' || self._playLock) {
+        if (self._state !== "loaded" || self._playLock) {
           self._queue.push({
-            event: 'rate',
-            action: function() {
+            event: "rate",
+            action: function () {
               self.rate.apply(self, args);
-            }
+            },
           });
 
           return self;
         }
 
         // Set the group rate.
-        if (typeof id === 'undefined') {
+        if (typeof id === "undefined") {
           self._rate = rate;
         }
 
         // Update one or all volumes.
         id = self._getSoundIds(id);
-        for (var i=0; i<id.length; i++) {
+        for (var i = 0; i < id.length; i++) {
           // Get the sound.
           sound = self._soundById(id[i]);
 
@@ -1548,29 +1707,41 @@
             // start position so we can properly adjust the seek position for time elapsed.
             if (self.playing(id[i])) {
               sound._rateSeek = self.seek(id[i]);
-              sound._playStart = self._webAudio ? Howler.ctx.currentTime : sound._playStart;
+              sound._playStart = self._webAudio
+                ? Howler.ctx.currentTime
+                : sound._playStart;
             }
             sound._rate = rate;
 
             // Change the playback rate.
             if (self._webAudio && sound._node && sound._node.bufferSource) {
-              sound._node.bufferSource.playbackRate.setValueAtTime(rate, Howler.ctx.currentTime);
+              sound._node.bufferSource.playbackRate.setValueAtTime(
+                rate,
+                Howler.ctx.currentTime
+              );
             } else if (sound._node) {
               sound._node.playbackRate = rate;
             }
 
             // Reset the timers.
             var seek = self.seek(id[i]);
-            var duration = ((self._sprite[sound._sprite][0] + self._sprite[sound._sprite][1]) / 1000) - seek;
+            var duration =
+              (self._sprite[sound._sprite][0] +
+                self._sprite[sound._sprite][1]) /
+                1000 -
+              seek;
             var timeout = (duration * 1000) / Math.abs(sound._rate);
 
             // Start a new end timer if sound is already playing.
             if (self._endTimers[id[i]] || !sound._paused) {
               self._clearTimer(id[i]);
-              self._endTimers[id[i]] = setTimeout(self._ended.bind(self, sound), timeout);
+              self._endTimers[id[i]] = setTimeout(
+                self._ended.bind(self, sound),
+                timeout
+              );
             }
 
-            self._emit('rate', sound._id);
+            self._emit("rate", sound._id);
           }
         }
       } else {
@@ -1589,7 +1760,7 @@
      *   seek(seek, id) -> Sets the seek position of passed sound id.
      * @return {Howl/Number} Returns self or the current seek position.
      */
-    seek: function() {
+    seek: function () {
       var self = this;
       var args = arguments;
       var seek, id;
@@ -1616,17 +1787,20 @@
       }
 
       // If there is no ID, bail out.
-      if (typeof id === 'undefined') {
+      if (typeof id === "undefined") {
         return 0;
       }
 
       // If the sound hasn't loaded, add it to the load queue to seek when capable.
-      if (typeof seek === 'number' && (self._state !== 'loaded' || self._playLock)) {
+      if (
+        typeof seek === "number" &&
+        (self._state !== "loaded" || self._playLock)
+      ) {
         self._queue.push({
-          event: 'seek',
-          action: function() {
+          event: "seek",
+          action: function () {
             self.seek.apply(self, args);
-          }
+          },
         });
 
         return self;
@@ -1636,7 +1810,7 @@
       var sound = self._soundById(id);
 
       if (sound) {
-        if (typeof seek === 'number' && seek >= 0) {
+        if (typeof seek === "number" && seek >= 0) {
           // Pause the sound and update position for restarting playback.
           var playing = self.playing(id);
           if (playing) {
@@ -1654,18 +1828,18 @@
           }
 
           // Seek and emit when ready.
-          var seekAndEmit = function() {
+          var seekAndEmit = function () {
             // Restart the playback if the sound was playing.
             if (playing) {
               self.play(id, true);
             }
 
-            self._emit('seek', id);
+            self._emit("seek", id);
           };
 
           // Wait for the play lock to be unset before emitting (HTML5 Audio).
           if (playing && !self._webAudio) {
-            var emitSeek = function() {
+            var emitSeek = function () {
               if (!self._playLock) {
                 seekAndEmit();
               } else {
@@ -1678,7 +1852,9 @@
           }
         } else {
           if (self._webAudio) {
-            var realTime = self.playing(id) ? Howler.ctx.currentTime - sound._playStart : 0;
+            var realTime = self.playing(id)
+              ? Howler.ctx.currentTime - sound._playStart
+              : 0;
             var rateSeek = sound._rateSeek ? sound._rateSeek - sound._seek : 0;
             return sound._seek + (rateSeek + realTime * Math.abs(sound._rate));
           } else {
@@ -1695,17 +1871,17 @@
      * @param  {Number}  id The sound id to check. If none is passed, the whole sound group is checked.
      * @return {Boolean} True if playing and false if not.
      */
-    playing: function(id) {
+    playing: function (id) {
       var self = this;
 
       // Check the passed sound ID (if any).
-      if (typeof id === 'number') {
+      if (typeof id === "number") {
         var sound = self._soundById(id);
         return sound ? !sound._paused : false;
       }
 
       // Otherwise, loop through all sounds and check if any are playing.
-      for (var i=0; i<self._sounds.length; i++) {
+      for (var i = 0; i < self._sounds.length; i++) {
         if (!self._sounds[i]._paused) {
           return true;
         }
@@ -1719,7 +1895,7 @@
      * @param  {Number} id The sound id to check. If none is passed, return full source duration.
      * @return {Number} Audio duration in seconds.
      */
-    duration: function(id) {
+    duration: function (id) {
       var self = this;
       var duration = self._duration;
 
@@ -1736,7 +1912,7 @@
      * Returns the current loaded state of this Howl.
      * @return {String} 'unloaded', 'loading', 'loaded'
      */
-    state: function() {
+    state: function () {
       return this._state;
     },
 
@@ -1744,12 +1920,12 @@
      * Unload and destroy the current Howl object.
      * This will immediately stop all sound instances attached to this group.
      */
-    unload: function() {
+    unload: function () {
       var self = this;
 
       // Stop playing any active sounds.
       var sounds = self._sounds;
-      for (var i=0; i<sounds.length; i++) {
+      for (var i = 0; i < sounds.length; i++) {
         // Stop the sound if it is currently playing.
         if (!sounds[i]._paused) {
           self.stop(sounds[i]._id);
@@ -1761,9 +1937,17 @@
           self._clearSound(sounds[i]._node);
 
           // Remove any event listeners.
-          sounds[i]._node.removeEventListener('error', sounds[i]._errorFn, false);
-          sounds[i]._node.removeEventListener(Howler._canPlayEvent, sounds[i]._loadFn, false);
-          sounds[i]._node.removeEventListener('ended', sounds[i]._endFn, false);
+          sounds[i]._node.removeEventListener(
+            "error",
+            sounds[i]._errorFn,
+            false
+          );
+          sounds[i]._node.removeEventListener(
+            Howler._canPlayEvent,
+            sounds[i]._loadFn,
+            false
+          );
+          sounds[i]._node.removeEventListener("ended", sounds[i]._endFn, false);
 
           // Release the Audio object back to the pool.
           Howler._releaseHtml5Audio(sounds[i]._node);
@@ -1784,8 +1968,11 @@
 
       // Delete this sound from the cache (if no other Howl is using it).
       var remCache = true;
-      for (i=0; i<Howler._howls.length; i++) {
-        if (Howler._howls[i]._src === self._src || self._src.indexOf(Howler._howls[i]._src) >= 0) {
+      for (i = 0; i < Howler._howls.length; i++) {
+        if (
+          Howler._howls[i]._src === self._src ||
+          self._src.indexOf(Howler._howls[i]._src) >= 0
+        ) {
           remCache = false;
           break;
         }
@@ -1799,7 +1986,7 @@
       Howler.noAudio = false;
 
       // Clear out `self`.
-      self._state = 'unloaded';
+      self._state = "unloaded";
       self._sounds = [];
       self = null;
 
@@ -1814,12 +2001,12 @@
      * @param  {Number}   once  (INTERNAL) Marks event to fire only once.
      * @return {Howl}
      */
-    on: function(event, fn, id, once) {
+    on: function (event, fn, id, once) {
       var self = this;
-      var events = self['_on' + event];
+      var events = self["_on" + event];
 
-      if (typeof fn === 'function') {
-        events.push(once ? {id: id, fn: fn, once: once} : {id: id, fn: fn});
+      if (typeof fn === "function") {
+        events.push(once ? { id: id, fn: fn, once: once } : { id: id, fn: fn });
       }
 
       return self;
@@ -1832,34 +2019,34 @@
      * @param  {Number}   id    (optional) Only remove events for this sound.
      * @return {Howl}
      */
-    off: function(event, fn, id) {
+    off: function (event, fn, id) {
       var self = this;
-      var events = self['_on' + event];
+      var events = self["_on" + event];
       var i = 0;
 
       // Allow passing just an event and ID.
-      if (typeof fn === 'number') {
+      if (typeof fn === "number") {
         id = fn;
         fn = null;
       }
 
       if (fn || id) {
         // Loop through event store and remove the passed function.
-        for (i=0; i<events.length; i++) {
-          var isId = (id === events[i].id);
-          if (fn === events[i].fn && isId || !fn && isId) {
+        for (i = 0; i < events.length; i++) {
+          var isId = id === events[i].id;
+          if ((fn === events[i].fn && isId) || (!fn && isId)) {
             events.splice(i, 1);
             break;
           }
         }
       } else if (event) {
         // Clear out all events of this type.
-        self['_on' + event] = [];
+        self["_on" + event] = [];
       } else {
         // Clear out all events of every type.
         var keys = Object.keys(self);
-        for (i=0; i<keys.length; i++) {
-          if ((keys[i].indexOf('_on') === 0) && Array.isArray(self[keys[i]])) {
+        for (i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
+          if (keys[i].indexOf("_on") === 0 && Array.isArray(self[keys[i]])) {
             self[keys[i]] = [];
           }
         }
@@ -1875,7 +2062,7 @@
      * @param  {Number}   id    (optional) Only listen to events for this sound.
      * @return {Howl}
      */
-    once: function(event, fn, id) {
+    once: function (event, fn, id) {
       var self = this;
 
       // Setup the event listener.
@@ -1891,17 +2078,20 @@
      * @param  {Number} msg   Message to go with event.
      * @return {Howl}
      */
-    _emit: function(event, id, msg) {
+    _emit: function (event, id, msg) {
       var self = this;
-      var events = self['_on' + event];
+      var events = self["_on" + event];
 
       // Loop through event store and fire all functions.
-      for (var i=events.length-1; i>=0; i--) {
+      for (var i = events.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
         // Only fire the listener if the correct ID is used.
-        if (!events[i].id || events[i].id === id || event === 'load') {
-          setTimeout(function(fn) {
-            fn.call(this, id, msg);
-          }.bind(self, events[i].fn), 0);
+        if (!events[i].id || events[i].id === id || event === "load") {
+          setTimeout(
+            function (fn) {
+              fn.call(this, id, msg);
+            }.bind(self, events[i].fn),
+            0
+          );
 
           // If this event was setup with `once`, remove it.
           if (events[i].once) {
@@ -1922,7 +2112,7 @@
      * after the previous has finished executing (even if async like play).
      * @return {Howl}
      */
-    _loadQueue: function(event) {
+    _loadQueue: function (event) {
       var self = this;
 
       if (self._queue.length > 0) {
@@ -1948,14 +2138,20 @@
      * @param  {Sound} sound The sound object to work with.
      * @return {Howl}
      */
-    _ended: function(sound) {
+    _ended: function (sound) {
       var self = this;
       var sprite = sound._sprite;
 
       // If we are using IE and there was network latency we may be clipping
       // audio before it completes playing. Lets check the node to make sure it
       // believes it has completed, before ending the playback.
-      if (!self._webAudio && sound._node && !sound._node.paused && !sound._node.ended && sound._node.currentTime < sound._stop) {
+      if (
+        !self._webAudio &&
+        sound._node &&
+        !sound._node.paused &&
+        !sound._node.ended &&
+        sound._node.currentTime < sound._stop
+      ) {
         setTimeout(self._ended.bind(self, sound), 100);
         return self;
       }
@@ -1964,7 +2160,7 @@
       var loop = !!(sound._loop || self._sprite[sprite][2]);
 
       // Fire the ended event.
-      self._emit('end', sound._id);
+      self._emit("end", sound._id);
 
       // Restart the playback for HTML5 Audio loop.
       if (!self._webAudio && loop) {
@@ -1973,13 +2169,17 @@
 
       // Restart this timer if on a Web Audio loop.
       if (self._webAudio && loop) {
-        self._emit('play', sound._id);
+        self._emit("play", sound._id);
         sound._seek = sound._start || 0;
         sound._rateSeek = 0;
         sound._playStart = Howler.ctx.currentTime;
 
-        var timeout = ((sound._stop - sound._start) * 1000) / Math.abs(sound._rate);
-        self._endTimers[sound._id] = setTimeout(self._ended.bind(self, sound), timeout);
+        var timeout =
+          ((sound._stop - sound._start) * 1000) / Math.abs(sound._rate);
+        self._endTimers[sound._id] = setTimeout(
+          self._ended.bind(self, sound),
+          timeout
+        );
       }
 
       // Mark the node as paused.
@@ -2010,17 +2210,21 @@
      * @param  {Number} id The sound ID.
      * @return {Howl}
      */
-    _clearTimer: function(id) {
+    _clearTimer: function (id) {
       var self = this;
 
       if (self._endTimers[id]) {
         // Clear the timeout or remove the ended listener.
-        if (typeof self._endTimers[id] !== 'function') {
+        if (typeof self._endTimers[id] !== "function") {
           clearTimeout(self._endTimers[id]);
         } else {
           var sound = self._soundById(id);
           if (sound && sound._node) {
-            sound._node.removeEventListener('ended', self._endTimers[id], false);
+            sound._node.removeEventListener(
+              "ended",
+              self._endTimers[id],
+              false
+            );
           }
         }
 
@@ -2035,11 +2239,11 @@
      * @param  {Number} id Sound ID
      * @return {Object}    Sound object or null.
      */
-    _soundById: function(id) {
+    _soundById: function (id) {
       var self = this;
 
       // Loop through all sounds and find the one with this ID.
-      for (var i=0; i<self._sounds.length; i++) {
+      for (var i = 0; i < self._sounds.length; i++) {
         if (id === self._sounds[i]._id) {
           return self._sounds[i];
         }
@@ -2052,13 +2256,13 @@
      * Return an inactive sound from the pool or create a new one.
      * @return {Sound} Sound playback object.
      */
-    _inactiveSound: function() {
+    _inactiveSound: function () {
       var self = this;
 
       self._drain();
 
       // Find the first inactive node to recycle.
-      for (var i=0; i<self._sounds.length; i++) {
+      for (var i = 0; i < self._sounds.length; i++) {
         if (self._sounds[i]._ended) {
           return self._sounds[i].reset();
         }
@@ -2071,7 +2275,7 @@
     /**
      * Drain excess inactive sounds from the pool.
      */
-    _drain: function() {
+    _drain: function () {
       var self = this;
       var limit = self._pool;
       var cnt = 0;
@@ -2083,14 +2287,14 @@
       }
 
       // Count the number of inactive sounds.
-      for (i=0; i<self._sounds.length; i++) {
+      for (i = 0; i < self._sounds.length; i++) {
         if (self._sounds[i]._ended) {
           cnt++;
         }
       }
 
       // Remove excess inactive sounds, going in reverse order.
-      for (i=self._sounds.length - 1; i>=0; i--) {
+      for (i = self._sounds.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
         if (cnt <= limit) {
           return;
         }
@@ -2113,12 +2317,12 @@
      * @param  {Number} id Only return one ID if one is passed.
      * @return {Array}    Array of IDs.
      */
-    _getSoundIds: function(id) {
+    _getSoundIds: function (id) {
       var self = this;
 
-      if (typeof id === 'undefined') {
+      if (typeof id === "undefined") {
         var ids = [];
-        for (var i=0; i<self._sounds.length; i++) {
+        for (var i = 0; i < self._sounds.length; i++) {
           ids.push(self._sounds[i]._id);
         }
 
@@ -2133,7 +2337,7 @@
      * @param  {Sound} sound The sound object to work with.
      * @return {Howl}
      */
-    _refreshBuffer: function(sound) {
+    _refreshBuffer: function (sound) {
       var self = this;
 
       // Setup the buffer source for playback.
@@ -2153,7 +2357,10 @@
         sound._node.bufferSource.loopStart = sound._start || 0;
         sound._node.bufferSource.loopEnd = sound._stop || 0;
       }
-      sound._node.bufferSource.playbackRate.setValueAtTime(sound._rate, Howler.ctx.currentTime);
+      sound._node.bufferSource.playbackRate.setValueAtTime(
+        sound._rate,
+        Howler.ctx.currentTime
+      );
 
       return self;
     },
@@ -2163,9 +2370,10 @@
      * @param  {Object} node Sound's audio node containing the buffer source.
      * @return {Howl}
      */
-    _cleanBuffer: function(node) {
+    _cleanBuffer: function (node) {
       var self = this;
-      var isIOS = Howler._navigator && Howler._navigator.vendor.indexOf('Apple') >= 0;
+      var isIOS =
+        Howler._navigator && Howler._navigator.vendor.indexOf("Apple") >= 0;
 
       if (!node.bufferSource) {
         return self;
@@ -2175,7 +2383,9 @@
         node.bufferSource.onended = null;
         node.bufferSource.disconnect(0);
         if (isIOS) {
-          try { node.bufferSource.buffer = Howler._scratchBuffer; } catch(e) {}
+          try {
+            node.bufferSource.buffer = Howler._scratchBuffer;
+          } catch (e) {}
         }
       }
       node.bufferSource = null;
@@ -2187,12 +2397,15 @@
      * Set the source to a 0-second silence to stop any downloading (except in IE).
      * @param  {Object} node Audio node to clear.
      */
-    _clearSound: function(node) {
-      var checkIE = /MSIE |Trident\//.test(Howler._navigator && Howler._navigator.userAgent);
+    _clearSound: function (node) {
+      var checkIE = /MSIE |Trident\//.test(
+        Howler._navigator && Howler._navigator.userAgent
+      );
       if (!checkIE) {
-        node.src = 'data:audio/wav;base64,UklGRigAAABXQVZFZm10IBIAAAABAAEARKwAAIhYAQACABAAAABkYXRhAgAAAAEA';
+        node.src =
+          "data:audio/wav;base64,UklGRigAAABXQVZFZm10IBIAAAABAAEARKwAAIhYAQACABAAAABkYXRhAgAAAAEA";
       }
-    }
+    },
   };
 
   /** Single Sound Methods **/
@@ -2202,7 +2415,7 @@
    * Setup the sound object, which each node attached to a Howl group is contained in.
    * @param {Object} howl The Howl parent group.
    */
-  var Sound = function(howl) {
+  var Sound = function (howl) {
     this._parent = howl;
     this.init();
   };
@@ -2211,7 +2424,7 @@
      * Initialize a new Sound object.
      * @return {Sound}
      */
-    init: function() {
+    init: function () {
       var self = this;
       var parent = self._parent;
 
@@ -2223,7 +2436,7 @@
       self._seek = 0;
       self._paused = true;
       self._ended = true;
-      self._sprite = '__default';
+      self._sprite = "__default";
 
       // Generate a unique ID for this sound.
       self._id = ++Howler._counter;
@@ -2241,14 +2454,18 @@
      * Create and setup a new sound object, whether HTML5 Audio or Web Audio.
      * @return {Sound}
      */
-    create: function() {
+    create: function () {
       var self = this;
       var parent = self._parent;
-      var volume = (Howler._muted || self._muted || self._parent._muted) ? 0 : self._volume;
+      var volume =
+        Howler._muted || self._muted || self._parent._muted ? 0 : self._volume;
 
       if (parent._webAudio) {
         // Create the gain node for controlling volume (the source will connect to this).
-        self._node = (typeof Howler.ctx.createGain === 'undefined') ? Howler.ctx.createGainNode() : Howler.ctx.createGain();
+        self._node =
+          typeof Howler.ctx.createGain === "undefined"
+            ? Howler.ctx.createGainNode()
+            : Howler.ctx.createGain();
         self._node.gain.setValueAtTime(volume, Howler.ctx.currentTime);
         self._node.paused = true;
         self._node.connect(Howler.masterGain);
@@ -2258,7 +2475,7 @@
 
         // Listen for errors (http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec-author-view/spec.html#mediaerror).
         self._errorFn = self._errorListener.bind(self);
-        self._node.addEventListener('error', self._errorFn, false);
+        self._node.addEventListener("error", self._errorFn, false);
 
         // Listen for 'canplaythrough' event to let us know the sound is ready.
         self._loadFn = self._loadListener.bind(self);
@@ -2267,11 +2484,12 @@
         // Listen for the 'ended' event on the sound to account for edge-case where
         // a finite sound has a duration of Infinity.
         self._endFn = self._endListener.bind(self);
-        self._node.addEventListener('ended', self._endFn, false);
+        self._node.addEventListener("ended", self._endFn, false);
 
         // Setup the new audio node.
         self._node.src = parent._src;
-        self._node.preload = parent._preload === true ? 'auto' : parent._preload;
+        self._node.preload =
+          parent._preload === true ? "auto" : parent._preload;
         self._node.volume = volume * Howler.volume();
 
         // Begin loading the source.
@@ -2285,7 +2503,7 @@
      * Reset the parameters of this sound to the original state (for recycle).
      * @return {Sound}
      */
-    reset: function() {
+    reset: function () {
       var self = this;
       var parent = self._parent;
 
@@ -2298,7 +2516,7 @@
       self._rateSeek = 0;
       self._paused = true;
       self._ended = true;
-      self._sprite = '__default';
+      self._sprite = "__default";
 
       // Generate a new ID so that it isn't confused with the previous sound.
       self._id = ++Howler._counter;
@@ -2309,20 +2527,24 @@
     /**
      * HTML5 Audio error listener callback.
      */
-    _errorListener: function() {
+    _errorListener: function () {
       var self = this;
 
       // Fire an error event and pass back the code.
-      self._parent._emit('loaderror', self._id, self._node.error ? self._node.error.code : 0);
+      self._parent._emit(
+        "loaderror",
+        self._id,
+        self._node.error ? self._node.error.code : 0
+      );
 
       // Clear the event listener.
-      self._node.removeEventListener('error', self._errorFn, false);
+      self._node.removeEventListener("error", self._errorFn, false);
     },
 
     /**
      * HTML5 Audio canplaythrough listener callback.
      */
-    _loadListener: function() {
+    _loadListener: function () {
       var self = this;
       var parent = self._parent;
 
@@ -2331,12 +2553,12 @@
 
       // Setup a sprite if none is defined.
       if (Object.keys(parent._sprite).length === 0) {
-        parent._sprite = {__default: [0, parent._duration * 1000]};
+        parent._sprite = { __default: [0, parent._duration * 1000] };
       }
 
-      if (parent._state !== 'loaded') {
-        parent._state = 'loaded';
-        parent._emit('load');
+      if (parent._state !== "loaded") {
+        parent._state = "loaded";
+        parent._emit("load");
         parent._loadQueue();
       }
 
@@ -2347,7 +2569,7 @@
     /**
      * HTML5 Audio ended listener callback.
      */
-    _endListener: function() {
+    _endListener: function () {
       var self = this;
       var parent = self._parent;
 
@@ -2367,8 +2589,8 @@
       }
 
       // Clear the event listener since the duration is now correct.
-      self._node.removeEventListener('ended', self._endFn, false);
-    }
+      self._node.removeEventListener("ended", self._endFn, false);
+    },
   };
 
   /** Helper Methods **/
@@ -2380,7 +2602,7 @@
    * Buffer a sound from URL, Data URI or cache and decode to audio source (Web Audio API).
    * @param  {Howl} self
    */
-  var loadBuffer = function(self) {
+  var loadBuffer = function (self) {
     var url = self._src;
 
     // Check if the buffer has already been cached and use it instead.
@@ -2396,9 +2618,9 @@
 
     if (/^data:[^;]+;base64,/.test(url)) {
       // Decode the base64 data URI without XHR, since some browsers don't support it.
-      var data = atob(url.split(',')[1]);
+      var data = atob(url.split(",")[1]);
       var dataView = new Uint8Array(data.length);
-      for (var i=0; i<data.length; ++i) {
+      for (var i = 0; i < data.length; ++i) {
         dataView[i] = data.charCodeAt(i);
       }
 
@@ -2408,26 +2630,30 @@
       var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
       xhr.open(self._xhr.method, url, true);
       xhr.withCredentials = self._xhr.withCredentials;
-      xhr.responseType = 'arraybuffer';
+      xhr.responseType = "arraybuffer";
 
       // Apply any custom headers to the request.
       if (self._xhr.headers) {
-        Object.keys(self._xhr.headers).forEach(function(key) {
+        Object.keys(self._xhr.headers).forEach(function (key) {
           xhr.setRequestHeader(key, self._xhr.headers[key]);
         });
       }
 
-      xhr.onload = function() {
+      xhr.onload = function () {
         // Make sure we get a successful response back.
-        var code = (xhr.status + '')[0];
-        if (code !== '0' && code !== '2' && code !== '3') {
-          self._emit('loaderror', null, 'Failed loading audio file with status: ' + xhr.status + '.');
+        var code = (xhr.status + "")[0];
+        if (code !== "0" && code !== "2" && code !== "3") {
+          self._emit(
+            "loaderror",
+            null,
+            "Failed loading audio file with status: " + xhr.status + "."
+          );
           return;
         }
 
         decodeAudioData(xhr.response, self);
       };
-      xhr.onerror = function() {
+      xhr.onerror = function () {
         // If there is an error, switch to HTML5 Audio.
         if (self._webAudio) {
           self._html5 = true;
@@ -2445,7 +2671,7 @@
    * Send the XHR request wrapped in a try/catch.
    * @param  {Object} xhr XHR to send.
    */
-  var safeXhrSend = function(xhr) {
+  var safeXhrSend = function (xhr) {
     try {
       xhr.send();
     } catch (e) {
@@ -2458,14 +2684,14 @@
    * @param  {ArrayBuffer} arraybuffer The audio data.
    * @param  {Howl}        self
    */
-  var decodeAudioData = function(arraybuffer, self) {
+  var decodeAudioData = function (arraybuffer, self) {
     // Fire a load error if something broke.
-    var error = function() {
-      self._emit('loaderror', null, 'Decoding audio data failed.');
+    var error = function () {
+      self._emit("loaderror", null, "Decoding audio data failed.");
     };
 
     // Load the sound on success.
-    var success = function(buffer) {
+    var success = function (buffer) {
       if (buffer && self._sounds.length > 0) {
         cache[self._src] = buffer;
         loadSound(self, buffer);
@@ -2475,19 +2701,22 @@
     };
 
     // Decode the buffer into an audio source.
-    if (typeof Promise !== 'undefined' && Howler.ctx.decodeAudioData.length === 1) {
+    if (
+      typeof Promise !== "undefined" &&
+      Howler.ctx.decodeAudioData.length === 1
+    ) {
       Howler.ctx.decodeAudioData(arraybuffer).then(success).catch(error);
     } else {
       Howler.ctx.decodeAudioData(arraybuffer, success, error);
     }
-  }
+  };
 
   /**
    * Sound is now loaded, so finish setting everything up and fire the loaded event.
    * @param  {Howl} self
    * @param  {Object} buffer The decoded buffer sound source.
    */
-  var loadSound = function(self, buffer) {
+  var loadSound = function (self, buffer) {
     // Set the duration.
     if (buffer && !self._duration) {
       self._duration = buffer.duration;
@@ -2495,13 +2724,13 @@
 
     // Setup a sprite if none is defined.
     if (Object.keys(self._sprite).length === 0) {
-      self._sprite = {__default: [0, self._duration * 1000]};
+      self._sprite = { __default: [0, self._duration * 1000] };
     }
 
     // Fire the loaded event.
-    if (self._state !== 'loaded') {
-      self._state = 'loaded';
-      self._emit('load');
+    if (self._state !== "loaded") {
+      self._state = "loaded";
+      self._emit("load");
       self._loadQueue();
     }
   };
@@ -2509,7 +2738,7 @@
   /**
    * Setup the audio context when available, or switch to HTML5 Audio mode.
    */
-  var setupAudioContext = function() {
+  var setupAudioContext = function () {
     // If we have already detected that Web Audio isn't supported, don't run this step again.
     if (!Howler.usingWebAudio) {
       return;
@@ -2517,14 +2746,14 @@
 
     // Check if we are using Web Audio and setup the AudioContext if we are.
     try {
-      if (typeof AudioContext !== 'undefined') {
+      if (typeof AudioContext !== "undefined") {
         Howler.ctx = new AudioContext();
-      } else if (typeof webkitAudioContext !== 'undefined') {
+      } else if (typeof webkitAudioContext !== "undefined") {
         Howler.ctx = new webkitAudioContext();
       } else {
         Howler.usingWebAudio = false;
       }
-    } catch(e) {
+    } catch (e) {
       Howler.usingWebAudio = false;
     }
 
@@ -2535,11 +2764,17 @@
 
     // Check if a webview is being used on iOS8 or earlier (rather than the browser).
     // If it is, disable Web Audio as it causes crashing.
-    var iOS = (/iP(hone|od|ad)/.test(Howler._navigator && Howler._navigator.platform));
-    var appVersion = Howler._navigator && Howler._navigator.appVersion.match(/OS (\d+)_(\d+)_?(\d+)?/);
+    var iOS = /iP(hone|od|ad)/.test(
+      Howler._navigator && Howler._navigator.platform
+    );
+    var appVersion =
+      Howler._navigator &&
+      Howler._navigator.appVersion.match(/OS (\d+)_(\d+)_?(\d+)?/);
     var version = appVersion ? parseInt(appVersion[1], 10) : null;
     if (iOS && version && version < 9) {
-      var safari = /safari/.test(Howler._navigator && Howler._navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase());
+      var safari = /safari/.test(
+        Howler._navigator && Howler._navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase()
+      );
       if (Howler._navigator && !safari) {
         Howler.usingWebAudio = false;
       }
@@ -2547,8 +2782,14 @@
 
     // Create and expose the master GainNode when using Web Audio (useful for plugins or advanced usage).
     if (Howler.usingWebAudio) {
-      Howler.masterGain = (typeof Howler.ctx.createGain === 'undefined') ? Howler.ctx.createGainNode() : Howler.ctx.createGain();
-      Howler.masterGain.gain.setValueAtTime(Howler._muted ? 0 : Howler._volume, Howler.ctx.currentTime);
+      Howler.masterGain =
+        typeof Howler.ctx.createGain === "undefined"
+          ? Howler.ctx.createGainNode()
+          : Howler.ctx.createGain();
+      Howler.masterGain.gain.setValueAtTime(
+        Howler._muted ? 0 : Howler._volume,
+        Howler.ctx.currentTime
+      );
       Howler.masterGain.connect(Howler.ctx.destination);
     }
 
@@ -2557,28 +2798,29 @@
   };
 
   // Add support for AMD (Asynchronous Module Definition) libraries such as require.js.
-  if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) {
-    define([], function() {
+  if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
+    define([], function () {
       return {
         Howler: Howler,
-        Howl: Howl
+        Howl: Howl,
       };
     });
   }
 
   // Add support for CommonJS libraries such as browserify.
-  if (typeof exports !== 'undefined') {
+  if (typeof exports !== "undefined") {
     exports.Howler = Howler;
     exports.Howl = Howl;
   }
 
   // Add to global in Node.js (for testing, etc).
-  if (typeof global !== 'undefined') {
+  if (typeof global !== "undefined") {
     global.HowlerGlobal = HowlerGlobal;
     global.Howler = Howler;
     global.Howl = Howl;
     global.Sound = Sound;
-  } else if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {  // Define globally in case AMD is not available or unused.
+  } else if (typeof window !== "undefined") {
+    // Define globally in case AMD is not available or unused.
     window.HowlerGlobal = HowlerGlobal;
     window.Howler = Howler;
     window.Howl = Howl;

From 964d7fa971c0802ac2e333f6d22a5a79ef33f36e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: EthanShoeDev <13422990+EthanShoeDev@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Sep 2024 14:10:26 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 2/2] undo fmt

---
 src/howler.core.js | 996 +++++++++++++++++----------------------------
 1 file changed, 378 insertions(+), 618 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/howler.core.js b/src/howler.core.js
index 11af396a..b3fede3d 100644
--- a/src/howler.core.js
+++ b/src/howler.core.js
@@ -8,8 +8,9 @@
  *  MIT License
  */
 
-(function () {
-  "use strict";
+(function() {
+
+  'use strict';
 
   /** Global Methods **/
   /***************************************************************************/
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@
    * Create the global controller. All contained methods and properties apply
    * to all sounds that are currently playing or will be in the future.
    */
-  var HowlerGlobal = function () {
+  var HowlerGlobal = function() {
     this.init();
   };
   HowlerGlobal.prototype = {
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@
      * Initialize the global Howler object.
      * @return {Howler}
      */
-    init: function () {
+    init: function() {
       var self = this || Howler;
 
       // Create a global ID counter.
@@ -41,11 +42,8 @@
       self._howls = [];
       self._muted = false;
       self._volume = 1;
-      self._canPlayEvent = "canplaythrough";
-      self._navigator =
-        typeof window !== "undefined" && window.navigator
-          ? window.navigator
-          : null;
+      self._canPlayEvent = 'canplaythrough';
+      self._navigator = (typeof window !== 'undefined' && window.navigator) ? window.navigator : null;
 
       // Public properties.
       self.masterGain = null;
@@ -68,7 +66,7 @@
      * @param  {Float} vol Volume from 0.0 to 1.0.
      * @return {Howler/Float}     Returns self or current volume.
      */
-    volume: function (vol) {
+    volume: function(vol) {
       var self = this || Howler;
       vol = parseFloat(vol);
 
@@ -77,7 +75,7 @@
         setupAudioContext();
       }
 
-      if (typeof vol !== "undefined" && vol >= 0 && vol <= 1) {
+      if (typeof vol !== 'undefined' && vol >= 0 && vol <= 1) {
         self._volume = vol;
 
         // Don't update any of the nodes if we are muted.
@@ -91,13 +89,13 @@
         }
 
         // Loop through and change volume for all HTML5 audio nodes.
-        for (var i = 0; i < self._howls.length; i++) {
+        for (var i=0; i<self._howls.length; i++) {
           if (!self._howls[i]._webAudio) {
             // Get all of the sounds in this Howl group.
             var ids = self._howls[i]._getSoundIds();
 
             // Loop through all sounds and change the volumes.
-            for (var j = 0; j < ids.length; j++) {
+            for (var j=0; j<ids.length; j++) {
               var sound = self._howls[i]._soundById(ids[j]);
 
               if (sound && sound._node) {
@@ -117,7 +115,7 @@
      * Handle muting and unmuting globally.
      * @param  {Boolean} muted Is muted or not.
      */
-    mute: function (muted) {
+    mute: function(muted) {
       var self = this || Howler;
 
       // If we don't have an AudioContext created yet, run the setup.
@@ -129,24 +127,21 @@
 
       // With Web Audio, we just need to mute the master gain.
       if (self.usingWebAudio) {
-        self.masterGain.gain.setValueAtTime(
-          muted ? 0 : self._volume,
-          Howler.ctx.currentTime
-        );
+        self.masterGain.gain.setValueAtTime(muted ? 0 : self._volume, Howler.ctx.currentTime);
       }
 
       // Loop through and mute all HTML5 Audio nodes.
-      for (var i = 0; i < self._howls.length; i++) {
+      for (var i=0; i<self._howls.length; i++) {
         if (!self._howls[i]._webAudio) {
           // Get all of the sounds in this Howl group.
           var ids = self._howls[i]._getSoundIds();
 
           // Loop through all sounds and mark the audio node as muted.
-          for (var j = 0; j < ids.length; j++) {
+          for (var j=0; j<ids.length; j++) {
             var sound = self._howls[i]._soundById(ids[j]);
 
             if (sound && sound._node) {
-              sound._node.muted = muted ? true : sound._muted;
+              sound._node.muted = (muted) ? true : sound._muted;
             }
           }
         }
@@ -158,11 +153,11 @@
     /**
      * Handle stopping all sounds globally.
      */
-    stop: function () {
+    stop: function() {
       var self = this || Howler;
 
       // Loop through all Howls and stop them.
-      for (var i = 0; i < self._howls.length; i++) {
+      for (var i=0; i<self._howls.length; i++) {
         self._howls[i].stop();
       }
 
@@ -173,19 +168,15 @@
      * Unload and destroy all currently loaded Howl objects.
      * @return {Howler}
      */
-    unload: function () {
+    unload: function() {
       var self = this || Howler;
 
-      for (var i = self._howls.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+      for (var i=self._howls.length-1; i>=0; i--) {
         self._howls[i].unload();
       }
 
       // Create a new AudioContext to make sure it is fully reset.
-      if (
-        self.usingWebAudio &&
-        self.ctx &&
-        typeof self.ctx.close !== "undefined"
-      ) {
+      if (self.usingWebAudio && self.ctx && typeof self.ctx.close !== 'undefined') {
         self.ctx.close();
         self.ctx = null;
         setupAudioContext();
@@ -199,19 +190,19 @@
      * @param  {String} ext Audio file extention.
      * @return {Boolean}
      */
-    codecs: function (ext) {
-      return (this || Howler)._codecs[ext.replace(/^x-/, "")];
+    codecs: function(ext) {
+      return (this || Howler)._codecs[ext.replace(/^x-/, '')];
     },
 
     /**
      * Setup various state values for global tracking.
      * @return {Howler}
      */
-    _setup: function () {
+    _setup: function() {
       var self = this || Howler;
 
       // Keeps track of the suspend/resume state of the AudioContext.
-      self.state = self.ctx ? self.ctx.state || "suspended" : "suspended";
+      self.state = self.ctx ? self.ctx.state || 'suspended' : 'suspended';
 
       // Automatically begin the 30-second suspend process
       self._autoSuspend();
@@ -219,15 +210,15 @@
       // Check if audio is available.
       if (!self.usingWebAudio) {
         // No audio is available on this system if noAudio is set to true.
-        if (typeof Audio !== "undefined") {
+        if (typeof Audio !== 'undefined') {
           try {
             var test = new Audio();
 
             // Check if the canplaythrough event is available.
-            if (typeof test.oncanplaythrough === "undefined") {
-              self._canPlayEvent = "canplay";
+            if (typeof test.oncanplaythrough === 'undefined') {
+              self._canPlayEvent = 'canplay';
             }
-          } catch (e) {
+          } catch(e) {
             self.noAudio = true;
           }
         } else {
@@ -255,89 +246,47 @@
      * Check for browser support for various codecs and cache the results.
      * @return {Howler}
      */
-    _setupCodecs: function () {
+    _setupCodecs: function() {
       var self = this || Howler;
       var audioTest = null;
 
       // Must wrap in a try/catch because IE11 in server mode throws an error.
       try {
-        audioTest = typeof Audio !== "undefined" ? new Audio() : null;
+        audioTest = (typeof Audio !== 'undefined') ? new Audio() : null;
       } catch (err) {
         return self;
       }
 
-      if (!audioTest || typeof audioTest.canPlayType !== "function") {
+      if (!audioTest || typeof audioTest.canPlayType !== 'function') {
         return self;
       }
 
-      var mpegTest = audioTest.canPlayType("audio/mpeg;").replace(/^no$/, "");
+      var mpegTest = audioTest.canPlayType('audio/mpeg;').replace(/^no$/, '');
 
       // Opera version <33 has mixed MP3 support, so we need to check for and block it.
-      var ua = self._navigator ? self._navigator.userAgent : "";
+      var ua = self._navigator ? self._navigator.userAgent : '';
       var checkOpera = ua.match(/OPR\/(\d+)/g);
-      var isOldOpera =
-        checkOpera && parseInt(checkOpera[0].split("/")[1], 10) < 33;
-      var checkSafari =
-        ua.indexOf("Safari") !== -1 && ua.indexOf("Chrome") === -1;
+      var isOldOpera = (checkOpera && parseInt(checkOpera[0].split('/')[1], 10) < 33);
+      var checkSafari = ua.indexOf('Safari') !== -1 && ua.indexOf('Chrome') === -1;
       var safariVersion = ua.match(/Version\/(.*?) /);
-      var isOldSafari =
-        checkSafari && safariVersion && parseInt(safariVersion[1], 10) < 15;
+      var isOldSafari = (checkSafari && safariVersion && parseInt(safariVersion[1], 10) < 15);
 
       self._codecs = {
-        mp3: !!(
-          !isOldOpera &&
-          (mpegTest || audioTest.canPlayType("audio/mp3;").replace(/^no$/, ""))
-        ),
+        mp3: !!(!isOldOpera && (mpegTest || audioTest.canPlayType('audio/mp3;').replace(/^no$/, ''))),
         mpeg: !!mpegTest,
-        opus: !!audioTest
-          .canPlayType('audio/ogg; codecs="opus"')
-          .replace(/^no$/, ""),
-        ogg: !!audioTest
-          .canPlayType('audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"')
-          .replace(/^no$/, ""),
-        oga: !!audioTest
-          .canPlayType('audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"')
-          .replace(/^no$/, ""),
-        wav: !!(
-          audioTest.canPlayType('audio/wav; codecs="1"') ||
-          audioTest.canPlayType("audio/wav")
-        ).replace(/^no$/, ""),
-        aac: !!audioTest.canPlayType("audio/aac;").replace(/^no$/, ""),
-        caf: !!audioTest.canPlayType("audio/x-caf;").replace(/^no$/, ""),
-        m4a: !!(
-          audioTest.canPlayType("audio/x-m4a;") ||
-          audioTest.canPlayType("audio/m4a;") ||
-          audioTest.canPlayType("audio/aac;")
-        ).replace(/^no$/, ""),
-        m4b: !!(
-          audioTest.canPlayType("audio/x-m4b;") ||
-          audioTest.canPlayType("audio/m4b;") ||
-          audioTest.canPlayType("audio/aac;")
-        ).replace(/^no$/, ""),
-        mp4: !!(
-          audioTest.canPlayType("audio/x-mp4;") ||
-          audioTest.canPlayType("audio/mp4;") ||
-          audioTest.canPlayType("audio/aac;")
-        ).replace(/^no$/, ""),
-        weba: !!(
-          !isOldSafari &&
-          audioTest
-            .canPlayType('audio/webm; codecs="vorbis"')
-            .replace(/^no$/, "")
-        ),
-        webm: !!(
-          !isOldSafari &&
-          audioTest
-            .canPlayType('audio/webm; codecs="vorbis"')
-            .replace(/^no$/, "")
-        ),
-        dolby: !!audioTest
-          .canPlayType('audio/mp4; codecs="ec-3"')
-          .replace(/^no$/, ""),
-        flac: !!(
-          audioTest.canPlayType("audio/x-flac;") ||
-          audioTest.canPlayType("audio/flac;")
-        ).replace(/^no$/, ""),
+        opus: !!audioTest.canPlayType('audio/ogg; codecs="opus"').replace(/^no$/, ''),
+        ogg: !!audioTest.canPlayType('audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"').replace(/^no$/, ''),
+        oga: !!audioTest.canPlayType('audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"').replace(/^no$/, ''),
+        wav: !!(audioTest.canPlayType('audio/wav; codecs="1"') || audioTest.canPlayType('audio/wav')).replace(/^no$/, ''),
+        aac: !!audioTest.canPlayType('audio/aac;').replace(/^no$/, ''),
+        caf: !!audioTest.canPlayType('audio/x-caf;').replace(/^no$/, ''),
+        m4a: !!(audioTest.canPlayType('audio/x-m4a;') || audioTest.canPlayType('audio/m4a;') || audioTest.canPlayType('audio/aac;')).replace(/^no$/, ''),
+        m4b: !!(audioTest.canPlayType('audio/x-m4b;') || audioTest.canPlayType('audio/m4b;') || audioTest.canPlayType('audio/aac;')).replace(/^no$/, ''),
+        mp4: !!(audioTest.canPlayType('audio/x-mp4;') || audioTest.canPlayType('audio/mp4;') || audioTest.canPlayType('audio/aac;')).replace(/^no$/, ''),
+        weba: !!(!isOldSafari && audioTest.canPlayType('audio/webm; codecs="vorbis"').replace(/^no$/, '')),
+        webm: !!(!isOldSafari && audioTest.canPlayType('audio/webm; codecs="vorbis"').replace(/^no$/, '')),
+        dolby: !!audioTest.canPlayType('audio/mp4; codecs="ec-3"').replace(/^no$/, ''),
+        flac: !!(audioTest.canPlayType('audio/x-flac;') || audioTest.canPlayType('audio/flac;')).replace(/^no$/, '')
       };
 
       return self;
@@ -349,7 +298,7 @@
      * Concept from: http://paulbakaus.com/tutorials/html5/web-audio-on-ios/
      * @return {Howler}
      */
-    _unlockAudio: function () {
+    _unlockAudio: function() {
       var self = this || Howler;
 
       // Only run this if Web Audio is supported and it hasn't already been unlocked.
@@ -375,7 +324,7 @@
       // Call this method on touch start to create and play a buffer,
       // then check if the audio actually played to determine if
       // audio has now been unlocked on iOS, Android, etc.
-      var unlock = function (e) {
+      var unlock = function(e) {
         // Create a pool of unlocked HTML5 Audio objects that can
         // be used for playing sounds without user interaction. HTML5
         // Audio objects must be individually unlocked, as opposed
@@ -399,13 +348,13 @@
         }
 
         // Loop through any assigned audio nodes and unlock them.
-        for (var i = 0; i < self._howls.length; i++) {
+        for (var i=0; i<self._howls.length; i++) {
           if (!self._howls[i]._webAudio) {
             // Get all of the sounds in this Howl group.
             var ids = self._howls[i]._getSoundIds();
 
             // Loop through all sounds and unlock the audio nodes.
-            for (var j = 0; j < ids.length; j++) {
+            for (var j=0; j<ids.length; j++) {
               var sound = self._howls[i]._soundById(ids[j]);
 
               if (sound && sound._node && !sound._node._unlocked) {
@@ -427,42 +376,42 @@
         source.connect(self.ctx.destination);
 
         // Play the empty buffer.
-        if (typeof source.start === "undefined") {
+        if (typeof source.start === 'undefined') {
           source.noteOn(0);
         } else {
           source.start(0);
         }
 
         // Calling resume() on a stack initiated by user gesture is what actually unlocks the audio on Android Chrome >= 55.
-        if (typeof self.ctx.resume === "function") {
+        if (typeof self.ctx.resume === 'function') {
           self.ctx.resume();
         }
 
         // Setup a timeout to check that we are unlocked on the next event loop.
-        source.onended = function () {
+        source.onended = function() {
           source.disconnect(0);
 
           // Update the unlocked state and prevent this check from happening again.
           self._audioUnlocked = true;
 
           // Remove the touch start listener.
-          document.removeEventListener("touchstart", unlock, true);
-          document.removeEventListener("touchend", unlock, true);
-          document.removeEventListener("click", unlock, true);
-          document.removeEventListener("keydown", unlock, true);
+          document.removeEventListener('touchstart', unlock, true);
+          document.removeEventListener('touchend', unlock, true);
+          document.removeEventListener('click', unlock, true);
+          document.removeEventListener('keydown', unlock, true);
 
           // Let all sounds know that audio has been unlocked.
-          for (var i = 0; i < self._howls.length; i++) {
-            self._howls[i]._emit("unlock");
+          for (var i=0; i<self._howls.length; i++) {
+            self._howls[i]._emit('unlock');
           }
         };
       };
 
       // Setup a touch start listener to attempt an unlock in.
-      document.addEventListener("touchstart", unlock, true);
-      document.addEventListener("touchend", unlock, true);
-      document.addEventListener("click", unlock, true);
-      document.addEventListener("keydown", unlock, true);
+      document.addEventListener('touchstart', unlock, true);
+      document.addEventListener('touchend', unlock, true);
+      document.addEventListener('click', unlock, true);
+      document.addEventListener('keydown', unlock, true);
 
       return self;
     },
@@ -472,7 +421,7 @@
      * return a new Audio object and throw a warning.
      * @return {Audio} HTML5 Audio object.
      */
-    _obtainHtml5Audio: function () {
+    _obtainHtml5Audio: function() {
       var self = this || Howler;
 
       // Return the next object from the pool if one exists.
@@ -482,15 +431,9 @@
 
       //.Check if the audio is locked and throw a warning.
       var testPlay = new Audio().play();
-      if (
-        testPlay &&
-        typeof Promise !== "undefined" &&
-        (testPlay instanceof Promise || typeof testPlay.then === "function")
-      ) {
-        testPlay.catch(function () {
-          console.warn(
-            "HTML5 Audio pool exhausted, returning potentially locked audio object."
-          );
+      if (testPlay && typeof Promise !== 'undefined' && (testPlay instanceof Promise || typeof testPlay.then === 'function')) {
+        testPlay.catch(function() {
+          console.warn('HTML5 Audio pool exhausted, returning potentially locked audio object.');
         });
       }
 
@@ -501,7 +444,7 @@
      * Return an activated HTML5 Audio object to the pool.
      * @return {Howler}
      */
-    _releaseHtml5Audio: function (audio) {
+    _releaseHtml5Audio: function(audio) {
       var self = this || Howler;
 
       // Don't add audio to the pool if we don't know if it has been unlocked.
@@ -517,22 +460,17 @@
      * This saves processing/energy and fixes various browser-specific bugs with audio getting stuck.
      * @return {Howler}
      */
-    _autoSuspend: function () {
+    _autoSuspend: function() {
       var self = this;
 
-      if (
-        !self.autoSuspend ||
-        !self.ctx ||
-        typeof self.ctx.suspend === "undefined" ||
-        !Howler.usingWebAudio
-      ) {
+      if (!self.autoSuspend || !self.ctx || typeof self.ctx.suspend === 'undefined' || !Howler.usingWebAudio) {
         return;
       }
 
       // Check if any sounds are playing.
-      for (var i = 0; i < self._howls.length; i++) {
+      for (var i=0; i<self._howls.length; i++) {
         if (self._howls[i]._webAudio) {
-          for (var j = 0; j < self._howls[i]._sounds.length; j++) {
+          for (var j=0; j<self._howls[i]._sounds.length; j++) {
             if (!self._howls[i]._sounds[j]._paused) {
               return self;
             }
@@ -545,17 +483,17 @@
       }
 
       // If no sound has played after 30 seconds, suspend the context.
-      self._suspendTimer = setTimeout(function () {
+      self._suspendTimer = setTimeout(function() {
         if (!self.autoSuspend) {
           return;
         }
 
         self._suspendTimer = null;
-        self.state = "suspending";
+        self.state = 'suspending';
 
         // Handle updating the state of the audio context after suspending.
-        var handleSuspension = function () {
-          self.state = "suspended";
+        var handleSuspension = function() {
+          self.state = 'suspended';
 
           if (self._resumeAfterSuspend) {
             delete self._resumeAfterSuspend;
@@ -575,34 +513,23 @@
      * Automatically resume the Web Audio AudioContext when a new sound is played.
      * @return {Howler}
      */
-    _autoResume: function () {
+    _autoResume: function() {
       var self = this;
 
-      if (
-        !self.ctx ||
-        typeof self.ctx.resume === "undefined" ||
-        !Howler.usingWebAudio
-      ) {
+      if (!self.ctx || typeof self.ctx.resume === 'undefined' || !Howler.usingWebAudio) {
         return;
       }
 
-      if (
-        self.state === "running" &&
-        self.ctx.state !== "interrupted" &&
-        self._suspendTimer
-      ) {
+      if (self.state === 'running' && self.ctx.state !== 'interrupted' && self._suspendTimer) {
         clearTimeout(self._suspendTimer);
         self._suspendTimer = null;
-      } else if (
-        self.state === "suspended" ||
-        (self.state === "running" && self.ctx.state === "interrupted")
-      ) {
-        self.ctx.resume().then(function () {
-          self.state = "running";
+      } else if (self.state === 'suspended' || self.state === 'running' && self.ctx.state === 'interrupted') {
+        self.ctx.resume().then(function() {
+          self.state = 'running';
 
           // Emit to all Howls that the audio has resumed.
-          for (var i = 0; i < self._howls.length; i++) {
-            self._howls[i]._emit("resume");
+          for (var i=0; i<self._howls.length; i++) {
+            self._howls[i]._emit('resume');
           }
         });
 
@@ -610,12 +537,12 @@
           clearTimeout(self._suspendTimer);
           self._suspendTimer = null;
         }
-      } else if (self.state === "suspending") {
+      } else if (self.state === 'suspending') {
         self._resumeAfterSuspend = true;
       }
 
       return self;
-    },
+    }
   };
 
   // Setup the global audio controller.
@@ -628,14 +555,12 @@
    * Create an audio group controller.
    * @param {Object} o Passed in properties for this group.
    */
-  var Howl = function (o) {
+  var Howl = function(o) {
     var self = this;
 
     // Throw an error if no source is provided.
     if (!o.src || o.src.length === 0) {
-      console.error(
-        "An array of source files must be passed with any new Howl."
-      );
+      console.error('An array of source files must be passed with any new Howl.');
       return;
     }
 
@@ -647,7 +572,7 @@
      * @param  {Object} o Passed in properties for this group.
      * @return {Howl}
      */
-    init: function (o) {
+    init: function(o) {
       var self = this;
 
       // If we don't have an AudioContext created yet, run the setup.
@@ -657,59 +582,51 @@
 
       // Setup user-defined default properties.
       self._autoplay = o.autoplay || false;
-      self._format = typeof o.format !== "string" ? o.format : [o.format];
+      self._format = (typeof o.format !== 'string') ? o.format : [o.format];
       self._html5 = o.html5 || false;
       self._muted = o.mute || false;
       self._loop = o.loop || false;
       self._pool = o.pool || 5;
-      self._preload =
-        typeof o.preload === "boolean" || o.preload === "metadata"
-          ? o.preload
-          : true;
+      self._preload = (typeof o.preload === 'boolean' || o.preload === 'metadata') ? o.preload : true;
       self._rate = o.rate || 1;
       self._sprite = o.sprite || {};
-      self._src = typeof o.src !== "string" ? o.src : [o.src];
+      self._src = (typeof o.src !== 'string') ? o.src : [o.src];
       self._volume = o.volume !== undefined ? o.volume : 1;
       self._xhr = {
-        method: o.xhr && o.xhr.method ? o.xhr.method : "GET",
+        method: o.xhr && o.xhr.method ? o.xhr.method : 'GET',
         headers: o.xhr && o.xhr.headers ? o.xhr.headers : null,
-        withCredentials:
-          o.xhr && o.xhr.withCredentials ? o.xhr.withCredentials : false,
+        withCredentials: o.xhr && o.xhr.withCredentials ? o.xhr.withCredentials : false,
       };
 
       // Setup all other default properties.
       self._duration = 0;
-      self._state = "unloaded";
+      self._state = 'unloaded';
       self._sounds = [];
       self._endTimers = {};
       self._queue = [];
       self._playLock = false;
 
       // Setup event listeners.
-      self._onend = o.onend ? [{ fn: o.onend }] : [];
-      self._onfade = o.onfade ? [{ fn: o.onfade }] : [];
-      self._onload = o.onload ? [{ fn: o.onload }] : [];
-      self._onloaderror = o.onloaderror ? [{ fn: o.onloaderror }] : [];
-      self._onplayerror = o.onplayerror ? [{ fn: o.onplayerror }] : [];
-      self._onpause = o.onpause ? [{ fn: o.onpause }] : [];
-      self._onplay = o.onplay ? [{ fn: o.onplay }] : [];
-      self._onstop = o.onstop ? [{ fn: o.onstop }] : [];
-      self._onmute = o.onmute ? [{ fn: o.onmute }] : [];
-      self._onvolume = o.onvolume ? [{ fn: o.onvolume }] : [];
-      self._onrate = o.onrate ? [{ fn: o.onrate }] : [];
-      self._onseek = o.onseek ? [{ fn: o.onseek }] : [];
-      self._onunlock = o.onunlock ? [{ fn: o.onunlock }] : [];
+      self._onend = o.onend ? [{fn: o.onend}] : [];
+      self._onfade = o.onfade ? [{fn: o.onfade}] : [];
+      self._onload = o.onload ? [{fn: o.onload}] : [];
+      self._onloaderror = o.onloaderror ? [{fn: o.onloaderror}] : [];
+      self._onplayerror = o.onplayerror ? [{fn: o.onplayerror}] : [];
+      self._onpause = o.onpause ? [{fn: o.onpause}] : [];
+      self._onplay = o.onplay ? [{fn: o.onplay}] : [];
+      self._onstop = o.onstop ? [{fn: o.onstop}] : [];
+      self._onmute = o.onmute ? [{fn: o.onmute}] : [];
+      self._onvolume = o.onvolume ? [{fn: o.onvolume}] : [];
+      self._onrate = o.onrate ? [{fn: o.onrate}] : [];
+      self._onseek = o.onseek ? [{fn: o.onseek}] : [];
+      self._onunlock = o.onunlock ? [{fn: o.onunlock}] : [];
       self._onresume = [];
 
       // Web Audio or HTML5 Audio?
       self._webAudio = Howler.usingWebAudio && !self._html5;
 
       // Automatically try to enable audio.
-      if (
-        typeof Howler.ctx !== "undefined" &&
-        Howler.ctx &&
-        Howler.autoUnlock
-      ) {
+      if (typeof Howler.ctx !== 'undefined' && Howler.ctx && Howler.autoUnlock) {
         Howler._unlockAudio();
       }
 
@@ -719,15 +636,15 @@
       // If they selected autoplay, add a play event to the load queue.
       if (self._autoplay) {
         self._queue.push({
-          event: "play",
-          action: function () {
+          event: 'play',
+          action: function() {
             self.play();
-          },
+          }
         });
       }
 
       // Load the source file unless otherwise specified.
-      if (self._preload && self._preload !== "none") {
+      if (self._preload && self._preload !== 'none') {
         self.load();
       }
 
@@ -738,23 +655,23 @@
      * Load the audio file.
      * @return {Howler}
      */
-    load: function () {
+    load: function() {
       var self = this;
       var url = null;
 
       // If no audio is available, quit immediately.
       if (Howler.noAudio) {
-        self._emit("loaderror", null, "No audio support.");
+        self._emit('loaderror', null, 'No audio support.');
         return;
       }
 
       // Make sure our source is in an array.
-      if (typeof self._src === "string") {
+      if (typeof self._src === 'string') {
         self._src = [self._src];
       }
 
       // Loop through the sources and pick the first one that is compatible.
-      for (var i = 0; i < self._src.length; i++) {
+      for (var i=0; i<self._src.length; i++) {
         var ext, str;
 
         if (self._format && self._format[i]) {
@@ -763,19 +680,15 @@
         } else {
           // Make sure the source is a string.
           str = self._src[i];
-          if (typeof str !== "string") {
-            self._emit(
-              "loaderror",
-              null,
-              "Non-string found in selected audio sources - ignoring."
-            );
+          if (typeof str !== 'string') {
+            self._emit('loaderror', null, 'Non-string found in selected audio sources - ignoring.');
             continue;
           }
 
           // Extract the file extension from the URL or base64 data URI.
           ext = /^data:audio\/([^;,]+);/i.exec(str);
           if (!ext) {
-            ext = /\.([^.]+)$/.exec(str.split("?", 1)[0]);
+            ext = /\.([^.]+)$/.exec(str.split('?', 1)[0]);
           }
 
           if (ext) {
@@ -785,9 +698,7 @@
 
         // Log a warning if no extension was found.
         if (!ext) {
-          console.warn(
-            'No file extension was found. Consider using the "format" property or specify an extension.'
-          );
+          console.warn('No file extension was found. Consider using the "format" property or specify an extension.');
         }
 
         // Check if this extension is available.
@@ -798,23 +709,16 @@
       }
 
       if (!url) {
-        self._emit(
-          "loaderror",
-          null,
-          "No codec support for selected audio sources."
-        );
+        self._emit('loaderror', null, 'No codec support for selected audio sources.');
         return;
       }
 
       self._src = url;
-      self._state = "loading";
+      self._state = 'loading';
 
       // If the hosting page is HTTPS and the source isn't,
       // drop down to HTML5 Audio to avoid Mixed Content errors.
-      if (
-        window.location.protocol === "https:" &&
-        url.slice(0, 5) === "http:"
-      ) {
+      if (window.location.protocol === 'https:' && url.slice(0, 5) === 'http:') {
         self._html5 = true;
         self._webAudio = false;
       }
@@ -836,30 +740,26 @@
      * @param  {Boolean} internal Internal Use: true prevents event firing.
      * @return {Number}          Sound ID.
      */
-    play: function (sprite, internal) {
+    play: function(sprite, internal) {
       var self = this;
       var id = null;
 
       // Determine if a sprite, sound id or nothing was passed
-      if (typeof sprite === "number") {
+      if (typeof sprite === 'number') {
         id = sprite;
         sprite = null;
-      } else if (
-        typeof sprite === "string" &&
-        self._state === "loaded" &&
-        !self._sprite[sprite]
-      ) {
+      } else if (typeof sprite === 'string' && self._state === 'loaded' && !self._sprite[sprite]) {
         // If the passed sprite doesn't exist, do nothing.
         return null;
-      } else if (typeof sprite === "undefined") {
+      } else if (typeof sprite === 'undefined') {
         // Use the default sound sprite (plays the full audio length).
-        sprite = "__default";
+        sprite = '__default';
 
         // Check if there is a single paused sound that isn't ended.
         // If there is, play that sound. If not, continue as usual.
         if (!self._playLock) {
           var num = 0;
-          for (var i = 0; i < self._sounds.length; i++) {
+          for (var i=0; i<self._sounds.length; i++) {
             if (self._sounds[i]._paused && !self._sounds[i]._ended) {
               num++;
               id = self._sounds[i]._id;
@@ -884,13 +784,13 @@
 
       // Select the sprite definition.
       if (id && !sprite) {
-        sprite = sound._sprite || "__default";
+        sprite = sound._sprite || '__default';
       }
 
       // If the sound hasn't loaded, we must wait to get the audio's duration.
       // We also need to wait to make sure we don't run into race conditions with
       // the order of function calls.
-      if (self._state !== "loaded") {
+      if (self._state !== 'loaded') {
         // Set the sprite value on this sound.
         sound._sprite = sprite;
 
@@ -900,10 +800,10 @@
         // Add the sound to the queue to be played on load.
         var soundId = sound._id;
         self._queue.push({
-          event: "play",
-          action: function () {
+          event: 'play',
+          action: function() {
             self.play(soundId);
-          },
+          }
         });
 
         return soundId;
@@ -913,7 +813,7 @@
       if (id && !sound._paused) {
         // Trigger the play event, in order to keep iterating through queue.
         if (!internal) {
-          self._loadQueue("play");
+          self._loadQueue('play');
         }
 
         return sound._id;
@@ -925,14 +825,8 @@
       }
 
       // Determine how long to play for and where to start playing.
-      var seek = Math.max(
-        0,
-        sound._seek > 0 ? sound._seek : self._sprite[sprite][0] / 1000
-      );
-      var duration = Math.max(
-        0,
-        (self._sprite[sprite][0] + self._sprite[sprite][1]) / 1000 - seek
-      );
+      var seek = Math.max(0, sound._seek > 0 ? sound._seek : self._sprite[sprite][0] / 1000);
+      var duration = Math.max(0, ((self._sprite[sprite][0] + self._sprite[sprite][1]) / 1000) - seek);
       var timeout = (duration * 1000) / Math.abs(sound._rate);
       var start = self._sprite[sprite][0] / 1000;
       var stop = (self._sprite[sprite][0] + self._sprite[sprite][1]) / 1000;
@@ -943,7 +837,7 @@
       sound._ended = false;
 
       // Update the parameters of the sound.
-      var setParams = function () {
+      var setParams = function() {
         sound._paused = false;
         sound._seek = seek;
         sound._start = start;
@@ -961,60 +855,52 @@
       var node = sound._node;
       if (self._webAudio) {
         // Fire this when the sound is ready to play to begin Web Audio playback.
-        var playWebAudio = function () {
+        var playWebAudio = function() {
           self._playLock = false;
           setParams();
           self._refreshBuffer(sound);
 
           // Setup the playback params.
-          var vol = sound._muted || self._muted ? 0 : sound._volume;
+          var vol = (sound._muted || self._muted) ? 0 : sound._volume;
           node.gain.setValueAtTime(vol, Howler.ctx.currentTime);
           sound._playStart = Howler.ctx.currentTime;
 
           // Play the sound using the supported method.
-          if (typeof node.bufferSource.start === "undefined") {
-            sound._loop
-              ? node.bufferSource.noteGrainOn(0, seek, 86400)
-              : node.bufferSource.noteGrainOn(0, seek, duration);
+          if (typeof node.bufferSource.start === 'undefined') {
+            sound._loop ? node.bufferSource.noteGrainOn(0, seek, 86400) : node.bufferSource.noteGrainOn(0, seek, duration);
           } else {
-            sound._loop
-              ? node.bufferSource.start(0, seek, 86400)
-              : node.bufferSource.start(0, seek, duration);
+            sound._loop ? node.bufferSource.start(0, seek, 86400) : node.bufferSource.start(0, seek, duration);
           }
 
           // Start a new timer if none is present.
           if (timeout !== Infinity) {
-            self._endTimers[sound._id] = setTimeout(
-              self._ended.bind(self, sound),
-              timeout
-            );
+            self._endTimers[sound._id] = setTimeout(self._ended.bind(self, sound), timeout);
           }
 
           if (!internal) {
-            setTimeout(function () {
-              self._emit("play", sound._id);
+            setTimeout(function() {
+              self._emit('play', sound._id);
               self._loadQueue();
             }, 0);
           }
         };
 
-        if (Howler.state === "running" && Howler.ctx.state !== "interrupted") {
+        if (Howler.state === 'running' && Howler.ctx.state !== 'interrupted') {
           playWebAudio();
         } else {
           self._playLock = true;
 
           // Wait for the audio context to resume before playing.
-          self.once("resume", playWebAudio);
+          self.once('resume', playWebAudio);
 
           // Cancel the end timer.
           self._clearTimer(sound._id);
         }
       } else {
         // Fire this when the sound is ready to play to begin HTML5 Audio playback.
-        var playHtml5 = function () {
+        var playHtml5 = function() {
           node.currentTime = seek;
-          node.muted =
-            sound._muted || self._muted || Howler._muted || node.muted;
+          node.muted = sound._muted || self._muted || Howler._muted || node.muted;
           node.volume = sound._volume * Howler.volume();
           node.playbackRate = sound._rate;
 
@@ -1023,11 +909,7 @@
             var play = node.play();
 
             // Support older browsers that don't support promises, and thus don't have this issue.
-            if (
-              play &&
-              typeof Promise !== "undefined" &&
-              (play instanceof Promise || typeof play.then === "function")
-            ) {
+            if (play && typeof Promise !== 'undefined' && (play instanceof Promise || typeof play.then === 'function')) {
               // Implements a lock to prevent DOMException: The play() request was interrupted by a call to pause().
               self._playLock = true;
 
@@ -1036,23 +918,19 @@
 
               // Releases the lock and executes queued actions.
               play
-                .then(function () {
+                .then(function() {
                   self._playLock = false;
                   node._unlocked = true;
                   if (!internal) {
-                    self._emit("play", sound._id);
+                    self._emit('play', sound._id);
                   } else {
                     self._loadQueue();
                   }
                 })
-                .catch(function () {
+                .catch(function() {
                   self._playLock = false;
-                  self._emit(
-                    "playerror",
-                    sound._id,
-                    "Playback was unable to start. This is most commonly an issue " +
-                      "on mobile devices and Chrome where playback was not within a user interaction."
-                  );
+                  self._emit('playerror', sound._id, 'Playback was unable to start. This is most commonly an issue ' +
+                    'on mobile devices and Chrome where playback was not within a user interaction.');
 
                   // Reset the ended and paused values.
                   sound._ended = true;
@@ -1061,7 +939,7 @@
             } else if (!internal) {
               self._playLock = false;
               setParams();
-              self._emit("play", sound._id);
+              self._emit('play', sound._id);
             }
 
             // Setting rate before playing won't work in IE, so we set it again here.
@@ -1069,62 +947,46 @@
 
             // If the node is still paused, then we can assume there was a playback issue.
             if (node.paused) {
-              self._emit(
-                "playerror",
-                sound._id,
-                "Playback was unable to start. This is most commonly an issue " +
-                  "on mobile devices and Chrome where playback was not within a user interaction."
-              );
+              self._emit('playerror', sound._id, 'Playback was unable to start. This is most commonly an issue ' +
+                'on mobile devices and Chrome where playback was not within a user interaction.');
               return;
             }
 
             // Setup the end timer on sprites or listen for the ended event.
-            if (sprite !== "__default" || sound._loop) {
-              self._endTimers[sound._id] = setTimeout(
-                self._ended.bind(self, sound),
-                timeout
-              );
+            if (sprite !== '__default' || sound._loop) {
+              self._endTimers[sound._id] = setTimeout(self._ended.bind(self, sound), timeout);
             } else {
-              self._endTimers[sound._id] = function () {
+              self._endTimers[sound._id] = function() {
                 // Fire ended on this audio node.
                 self._ended(sound);
 
                 // Clear this listener.
-                node.removeEventListener(
-                  "ended",
-                  self._endTimers[sound._id],
-                  false
-                );
+                node.removeEventListener('ended', self._endTimers[sound._id], false);
               };
-              node.addEventListener("ended", self._endTimers[sound._id], false);
+              node.addEventListener('ended', self._endTimers[sound._id], false);
             }
           } catch (err) {
-            self._emit("playerror", sound._id, err);
+            self._emit('playerror', sound._id, err);
           }
         };
 
         // If this is streaming audio, make sure the src is set and load again.
-        if (
-          node.src ===
-          "data:audio/wav;base64,UklGRigAAABXQVZFZm10IBIAAAABAAEARKwAAIhYAQACABAAAABkYXRhAgAAAAEA"
-        ) {
+        if (node.src === 'data:audio/wav;base64,UklGRigAAABXQVZFZm10IBIAAAABAAEARKwAAIhYAQACABAAAABkYXRhAgAAAAEA') {
           node.src = self._src;
           node.load();
         }
 
         // Play immediately if ready, or wait for the 'canplaythrough'e vent.
-        var loadedNoReadyState =
-          (window && window.ejecta) ||
-          (!node.readyState && Howler._navigator.isCocoonJS);
+        var loadedNoReadyState = (window && window.ejecta) || (!node.readyState && Howler._navigator.isCocoonJS);
         if (node.readyState >= 3 || loadedNoReadyState) {
           playHtml5();
         } else {
           self._playLock = true;
-          self._state = "loading";
-
-          var listener = function () {
-            self._state = "loaded";
+          self._state = 'loading';
 
+          var listener = function() {
+            self._state = 'loaded';
+            
             // Begin playback.
             playHtml5();
 
@@ -1146,16 +1008,16 @@
      * @param  {Number} id The sound ID (empty to pause all in group).
      * @return {Howl}
      */
-    pause: function (id) {
+    pause: function(id) {
       var self = this;
 
       // If the sound hasn't loaded or a play() promise is pending, add it to the load queue to pause when capable.
-      if (self._state !== "loaded" || self._playLock) {
+      if (self._state !== 'loaded' || self._playLock) {
         self._queue.push({
-          event: "pause",
-          action: function () {
+          event: 'pause',
+          action: function() {
             self.pause(id);
-          },
+          }
         });
 
         return self;
@@ -1164,7 +1026,7 @@
       // If no id is passed, get all ID's to be paused.
       var ids = self._getSoundIds(id);
 
-      for (var i = 0; i < ids.length; i++) {
+      for (var i=0; i<ids.length; i++) {
         // Clear the end timer.
         self._clearTimer(ids[i]);
 
@@ -1187,7 +1049,7 @@
                 continue;
               }
 
-              if (typeof sound._node.bufferSource.stop === "undefined") {
+              if (typeof sound._node.bufferSource.stop === 'undefined') {
                 sound._node.bufferSource.noteOff(0);
               } else {
                 sound._node.bufferSource.stop(0);
@@ -1195,10 +1057,7 @@
 
               // Clean up the buffer source.
               self._cleanBuffer(sound._node);
-            } else if (
-              !isNaN(sound._node.duration) ||
-              sound._node.duration === Infinity
-            ) {
+            } else if (!isNaN(sound._node.duration) || sound._node.duration === Infinity) {
               sound._node.pause();
             }
           }
@@ -1206,7 +1065,7 @@
 
         // Fire the pause event, unless `true` is passed as the 2nd argument.
         if (!arguments[1]) {
-          self._emit("pause", sound ? sound._id : null);
+          self._emit('pause', sound ? sound._id : null);
         }
       }
 
@@ -1219,16 +1078,16 @@
      * @param  {Boolean} internal Internal Use: true prevents event firing.
      * @return {Howl}
      */
-    stop: function (id, internal) {
+    stop: function(id, internal) {
       var self = this;
 
       // If the sound hasn't loaded, add it to the load queue to stop when capable.
-      if (self._state !== "loaded" || self._playLock) {
+      if (self._state !== 'loaded' || self._playLock) {
         self._queue.push({
-          event: "stop",
-          action: function () {
+          event: 'stop',
+          action: function() {
             self.stop(id);
-          },
+          }
         });
 
         return self;
@@ -1237,7 +1096,7 @@
       // If no id is passed, get all ID's to be stopped.
       var ids = self._getSoundIds(id);
 
-      for (var i = 0; i < ids.length; i++) {
+      for (var i=0; i<ids.length; i++) {
         // Clear the end timer.
         self._clearTimer(ids[i]);
 
@@ -1258,7 +1117,7 @@
             if (self._webAudio) {
               // Make sure the sound's AudioBufferSourceNode has been created.
               if (sound._node.bufferSource) {
-                if (typeof sound._node.bufferSource.stop === "undefined") {
+                if (typeof sound._node.bufferSource.stop === 'undefined') {
                   sound._node.bufferSource.noteOff(0);
                 } else {
                   sound._node.bufferSource.stop(0);
@@ -1267,10 +1126,7 @@
                 // Clean up the buffer source.
                 self._cleanBuffer(sound._node);
               }
-            } else if (
-              !isNaN(sound._node.duration) ||
-              sound._node.duration === Infinity
-            ) {
+            } else if (!isNaN(sound._node.duration) || sound._node.duration === Infinity) {
               sound._node.currentTime = sound._start || 0;
               sound._node.pause();
 
@@ -1282,7 +1138,7 @@
           }
 
           if (!internal) {
-            self._emit("stop", sound._id);
+            self._emit('stop', sound._id);
           }
         }
       }
@@ -1296,24 +1152,24 @@
      * @param  {Number} id    The sound ID to update (omit to mute/unmute all).
      * @return {Howl}
      */
-    mute: function (muted, id) {
+    mute: function(muted, id) {
       var self = this;
 
       // If the sound hasn't loaded, add it to the load queue to mute when capable.
-      if (self._state !== "loaded" || self._playLock) {
+      if (self._state !== 'loaded'|| self._playLock) {
         self._queue.push({
-          event: "mute",
-          action: function () {
+          event: 'mute',
+          action: function() {
             self.mute(muted, id);
-          },
+          }
         });
 
         return self;
       }
 
       // If applying mute/unmute to all sounds, update the group's value.
-      if (typeof id === "undefined") {
-        if (typeof muted === "boolean") {
+      if (typeof id === 'undefined') {
+        if (typeof muted === 'boolean') {
           self._muted = muted;
         } else {
           return self._muted;
@@ -1323,7 +1179,7 @@
       // If no id is passed, get all ID's to be muted.
       var ids = self._getSoundIds(id);
 
-      for (var i = 0; i < ids.length; i++) {
+      for (var i=0; i<ids.length; i++) {
         // Get the sound.
         var sound = self._soundById(ids[i]);
 
@@ -1336,15 +1192,12 @@
           }
 
           if (self._webAudio && sound._node) {
-            sound._node.gain.setValueAtTime(
-              muted ? 0 : sound._volume,
-              Howler.ctx.currentTime
-            );
+            sound._node.gain.setValueAtTime(muted ? 0 : sound._volume, Howler.ctx.currentTime);
           } else if (sound._node) {
             sound._node.muted = Howler._muted ? true : muted;
           }
 
-          self._emit("mute", sound._id);
+          self._emit('mute', sound._id);
         }
       }
 
@@ -1359,7 +1212,7 @@
      *   volume(vol, id) -> Sets the volume of passed sound id.
      * @return {Howl/Number} Returns self or current volume.
      */
-    volume: function () {
+    volume: function() {
       var self = this;
       var args = arguments;
       var vol, id;
@@ -1368,10 +1221,7 @@
       if (args.length === 0) {
         // Return the value of the groups' volume.
         return self._volume;
-      } else if (
-        args.length === 1 ||
-        (args.length === 2 && typeof args[1] === "undefined")
-      ) {
+      } else if (args.length === 1 || args.length === 2 && typeof args[1] === 'undefined') {
         // First check if this is an ID, and if not, assume it is a new volume.
         var ids = self._getSoundIds();
         var index = ids.indexOf(args[0]);
@@ -1387,27 +1237,27 @@
 
       // Update the volume or return the current volume.
       var sound;
-      if (typeof vol !== "undefined" && vol >= 0 && vol <= 1) {
+      if (typeof vol !== 'undefined' && vol >= 0 && vol <= 1) {
         // If the sound hasn't loaded, add it to the load queue to change volume when capable.
-        if (self._state !== "loaded" || self._playLock) {
+        if (self._state !== 'loaded'|| self._playLock) {
           self._queue.push({
-            event: "volume",
-            action: function () {
+            event: 'volume',
+            action: function() {
               self.volume.apply(self, args);
-            },
+            }
           });
 
           return self;
         }
 
         // Set the group volume.
-        if (typeof id === "undefined") {
+        if (typeof id === 'undefined') {
           self._volume = vol;
         }
 
         // Update one or all volumes.
         id = self._getSoundIds(id);
-        for (var i = 0; i < id.length; i++) {
+        for (var i=0; i<id.length; i++) {
           // Get the sound.
           sound = self._soundById(id[i]);
 
@@ -1425,7 +1275,7 @@
               sound._node.volume = vol * Howler.volume();
             }
 
-            self._emit("volume", sound._id);
+            self._emit('volume', sound._id);
           }
         }
       } else {
@@ -1444,16 +1294,16 @@
      * @param  {Number} id   The sound id (omit to fade all sounds).
      * @return {Howl}
      */
-    fade: function (from, to, len, id) {
+    fade: function(from, to, len, id) {
       var self = this;
 
       // If the sound hasn't loaded, add it to the load queue to fade when capable.
-      if (self._state !== "loaded" || self._playLock) {
+      if (self._state !== 'loaded' || self._playLock) {
         self._queue.push({
-          event: "fade",
-          action: function () {
+          event: 'fade',
+          action: function() {
             self.fade(from, to, len, id);
-          },
+          }
         });
 
         return self;
@@ -1469,7 +1319,7 @@
 
       // Fade the volume of one or all sounds.
       var ids = self._getSoundIds(id);
-      for (var i = 0; i < ids.length; i++) {
+      for (var i=0; i<ids.length; i++) {
         // Get the sound.
         var sound = self._soundById(ids[i]);
 
@@ -1483,20 +1333,13 @@
           // If we are using Web Audio, let the native methods do the actual fade.
           if (self._webAudio && !sound._muted) {
             var currentTime = Howler.ctx.currentTime;
-            var end = currentTime + len / 1000;
+            var end = currentTime + (len / 1000);
             sound._volume = from;
             sound._node.gain.setValueAtTime(from, currentTime);
             sound._node.gain.linearRampToValueAtTime(to, end);
           }
 
-          self._startFadeInterval(
-            sound,
-            from,
-            to,
-            len,
-            ids[i],
-            typeof id === "undefined"
-          );
+          self._startFadeInterval(sound, from, to, len, ids[i], typeof id === 'undefined');
         }
       }
 
@@ -1512,19 +1355,19 @@
      * @param  {Number} id   The sound id to fade.
      * @param  {Boolean} isGroup   If true, set the volume on the group.
      */
-    _startFadeInterval: function (sound, from, to, len, id, isGroup) {
+    _startFadeInterval: function(sound, from, to, len, id, isGroup) {
       var self = this;
       var vol = from;
       var diff = to - from;
       var steps = Math.abs(diff / 0.01);
-      var stepLen = Math.max(4, steps > 0 ? len / steps : len);
+      var stepLen = Math.max(4, (steps > 0) ? len / steps : len);
       var lastTick = Date.now();
 
       // Store the value being faded to.
       sound._fadeTo = to;
 
       // Update the volume value on each interval tick.
-      sound._interval = setInterval(function () {
+      sound._interval = setInterval(function() {
         // Update the volume based on the time since the last tick.
         var tick = (Date.now() - lastTick) / len;
         lastTick = Date.now();
@@ -1558,7 +1401,7 @@
           sound._interval = null;
           sound._fadeTo = null;
           self.volume(to, sound._id);
-          self._emit("fade", sound._id);
+          self._emit('fade', sound._id);
         }
       }, stepLen);
     },
@@ -1569,7 +1412,7 @@
      * @param  {Number} id The sound id.
      * @return {Howl}
      */
-    _stopFade: function (id) {
+    _stopFade: function(id) {
       var self = this;
       var sound = self._soundById(id);
 
@@ -1582,7 +1425,7 @@
         sound._interval = null;
         self.volume(sound._fadeTo, id);
         sound._fadeTo = null;
-        self._emit("fade", id);
+        self._emit('fade', id);
       }
 
       return self;
@@ -1596,7 +1439,7 @@
      *   loop(loop, id) -> Sets the loop value of passed sound id.
      * @return {Howl/Boolean} Returns self or current loop value.
      */
-    loop: function () {
+    loop: function() {
       var self = this;
       var args = arguments;
       var loop, id, sound;
@@ -1606,7 +1449,7 @@
         // Return the grou's loop value.
         return self._loop;
       } else if (args.length === 1) {
-        if (typeof args[0] === "boolean") {
+        if (typeof args[0] === 'boolean') {
           loop = args[0];
           self._loop = loop;
         } else {
@@ -1621,7 +1464,7 @@
 
       // If no id is passed, get all ID's to be looped.
       var ids = self._getSoundIds(id);
-      for (var i = 0; i < ids.length; i++) {
+      for (var i=0; i<ids.length; i++) {
         sound = self._soundById(ids[i]);
 
         if (sound) {
@@ -1653,7 +1496,7 @@
      *   rate(rate, id) -> Sets the playback rate of passed sound id.
      * @return {Howl/Number} Returns self or the current playback rate.
      */
-    rate: function () {
+    rate: function() {
       var self = this;
       var args = arguments;
       var rate, id;
@@ -1678,27 +1521,27 @@
 
       // Update the playback rate or return the current value.
       var sound;
-      if (typeof rate === "number") {
+      if (typeof rate === 'number') {
         // If the sound hasn't loaded, add it to the load queue to change playback rate when capable.
-        if (self._state !== "loaded" || self._playLock) {
+        if (self._state !== 'loaded' || self._playLock) {
           self._queue.push({
-            event: "rate",
-            action: function () {
+            event: 'rate',
+            action: function() {
               self.rate.apply(self, args);
-            },
+            }
           });
 
           return self;
         }
 
         // Set the group rate.
-        if (typeof id === "undefined") {
+        if (typeof id === 'undefined') {
           self._rate = rate;
         }
 
         // Update one or all volumes.
         id = self._getSoundIds(id);
-        for (var i = 0; i < id.length; i++) {
+        for (var i=0; i<id.length; i++) {
           // Get the sound.
           sound = self._soundById(id[i]);
 
@@ -1707,41 +1550,29 @@
             // start position so we can properly adjust the seek position for time elapsed.
             if (self.playing(id[i])) {
               sound._rateSeek = self.seek(id[i]);
-              sound._playStart = self._webAudio
-                ? Howler.ctx.currentTime
-                : sound._playStart;
+              sound._playStart = self._webAudio ? Howler.ctx.currentTime : sound._playStart;
             }
             sound._rate = rate;
 
             // Change the playback rate.
             if (self._webAudio && sound._node && sound._node.bufferSource) {
-              sound._node.bufferSource.playbackRate.setValueAtTime(
-                rate,
-                Howler.ctx.currentTime
-              );
+              sound._node.bufferSource.playbackRate.setValueAtTime(rate, Howler.ctx.currentTime);
             } else if (sound._node) {
               sound._node.playbackRate = rate;
             }
 
             // Reset the timers.
             var seek = self.seek(id[i]);
-            var duration =
-              (self._sprite[sound._sprite][0] +
-                self._sprite[sound._sprite][1]) /
-                1000 -
-              seek;
+            var duration = ((self._sprite[sound._sprite][0] + self._sprite[sound._sprite][1]) / 1000) - seek;
             var timeout = (duration * 1000) / Math.abs(sound._rate);
 
             // Start a new end timer if sound is already playing.
             if (self._endTimers[id[i]] || !sound._paused) {
               self._clearTimer(id[i]);
-              self._endTimers[id[i]] = setTimeout(
-                self._ended.bind(self, sound),
-                timeout
-              );
+              self._endTimers[id[i]] = setTimeout(self._ended.bind(self, sound), timeout);
             }
 
-            self._emit("rate", sound._id);
+            self._emit('rate', sound._id);
           }
         }
       } else {
@@ -1760,7 +1591,7 @@
      *   seek(seek, id) -> Sets the seek position of passed sound id.
      * @return {Howl/Number} Returns self or the current seek position.
      */
-    seek: function () {
+    seek: function() {
       var self = this;
       var args = arguments;
       var seek, id;
@@ -1787,20 +1618,17 @@
       }
 
       // If there is no ID, bail out.
-      if (typeof id === "undefined") {
+      if (typeof id === 'undefined') {
         return 0;
       }
 
       // If the sound hasn't loaded, add it to the load queue to seek when capable.
-      if (
-        typeof seek === "number" &&
-        (self._state !== "loaded" || self._playLock)
-      ) {
+      if (typeof seek === 'number' && (self._state !== 'loaded' || self._playLock)) {
         self._queue.push({
-          event: "seek",
-          action: function () {
+          event: 'seek',
+          action: function() {
             self.seek.apply(self, args);
-          },
+          }
         });
 
         return self;
@@ -1810,7 +1638,7 @@
       var sound = self._soundById(id);
 
       if (sound) {
-        if (typeof seek === "number" && seek >= 0) {
+        if (typeof seek === 'number' && seek >= 0) {
           // Pause the sound and update position for restarting playback.
           var playing = self.playing(id);
           if (playing) {
@@ -1828,18 +1656,18 @@
           }
 
           // Seek and emit when ready.
-          var seekAndEmit = function () {
+          var seekAndEmit = function() {
             // Restart the playback if the sound was playing.
             if (playing) {
               self.play(id, true);
             }
 
-            self._emit("seek", id);
+            self._emit('seek', id);
           };
 
           // Wait for the play lock to be unset before emitting (HTML5 Audio).
           if (playing && !self._webAudio) {
-            var emitSeek = function () {
+            var emitSeek = function() {
               if (!self._playLock) {
                 seekAndEmit();
               } else {
@@ -1852,9 +1680,7 @@
           }
         } else {
           if (self._webAudio) {
-            var realTime = self.playing(id)
-              ? Howler.ctx.currentTime - sound._playStart
-              : 0;
+            var realTime = self.playing(id) ? Howler.ctx.currentTime - sound._playStart : 0;
             var rateSeek = sound._rateSeek ? sound._rateSeek - sound._seek : 0;
             return sound._seek + (rateSeek + realTime * Math.abs(sound._rate));
           } else {
@@ -1871,17 +1697,17 @@
      * @param  {Number}  id The sound id to check. If none is passed, the whole sound group is checked.
      * @return {Boolean} True if playing and false if not.
      */
-    playing: function (id) {
+    playing: function(id) {
       var self = this;
 
       // Check the passed sound ID (if any).
-      if (typeof id === "number") {
+      if (typeof id === 'number') {
         var sound = self._soundById(id);
         return sound ? !sound._paused : false;
       }
 
       // Otherwise, loop through all sounds and check if any are playing.
-      for (var i = 0; i < self._sounds.length; i++) {
+      for (var i=0; i<self._sounds.length; i++) {
         if (!self._sounds[i]._paused) {
           return true;
         }
@@ -1895,7 +1721,7 @@
      * @param  {Number} id The sound id to check. If none is passed, return full source duration.
      * @return {Number} Audio duration in seconds.
      */
-    duration: function (id) {
+    duration: function(id) {
       var self = this;
       var duration = self._duration;
 
@@ -1912,7 +1738,7 @@
      * Returns the current loaded state of this Howl.
      * @return {String} 'unloaded', 'loading', 'loaded'
      */
-    state: function () {
+    state: function() {
       return this._state;
     },
 
@@ -1920,12 +1746,12 @@
      * Unload and destroy the current Howl object.
      * This will immediately stop all sound instances attached to this group.
      */
-    unload: function () {
+    unload: function() {
       var self = this;
 
       // Stop playing any active sounds.
       var sounds = self._sounds;
-      for (var i = 0; i < sounds.length; i++) {
+      for (var i=0; i<sounds.length; i++) {
         // Stop the sound if it is currently playing.
         if (!sounds[i]._paused) {
           self.stop(sounds[i]._id);
@@ -1937,17 +1763,9 @@
           self._clearSound(sounds[i]._node);
 
           // Remove any event listeners.
-          sounds[i]._node.removeEventListener(
-            "error",
-            sounds[i]._errorFn,
-            false
-          );
-          sounds[i]._node.removeEventListener(
-            Howler._canPlayEvent,
-            sounds[i]._loadFn,
-            false
-          );
-          sounds[i]._node.removeEventListener("ended", sounds[i]._endFn, false);
+          sounds[i]._node.removeEventListener('error', sounds[i]._errorFn, false);
+          sounds[i]._node.removeEventListener(Howler._canPlayEvent, sounds[i]._loadFn, false);
+          sounds[i]._node.removeEventListener('ended', sounds[i]._endFn, false);
 
           // Release the Audio object back to the pool.
           Howler._releaseHtml5Audio(sounds[i]._node);
@@ -1968,11 +1786,8 @@
 
       // Delete this sound from the cache (if no other Howl is using it).
       var remCache = true;
-      for (i = 0; i < Howler._howls.length; i++) {
-        if (
-          Howler._howls[i]._src === self._src ||
-          self._src.indexOf(Howler._howls[i]._src) >= 0
-        ) {
+      for (i=0; i<Howler._howls.length; i++) {
+        if (Howler._howls[i]._src === self._src || self._src.indexOf(Howler._howls[i]._src) >= 0) {
           remCache = false;
           break;
         }
@@ -1986,7 +1801,7 @@
       Howler.noAudio = false;
 
       // Clear out `self`.
-      self._state = "unloaded";
+      self._state = 'unloaded';
       self._sounds = [];
       self = null;
 
@@ -2001,12 +1816,12 @@
      * @param  {Number}   once  (INTERNAL) Marks event to fire only once.
      * @return {Howl}
      */
-    on: function (event, fn, id, once) {
+    on: function(event, fn, id, once) {
       var self = this;
-      var events = self["_on" + event];
+      var events = self['_on' + event];
 
-      if (typeof fn === "function") {
-        events.push(once ? { id: id, fn: fn, once: once } : { id: id, fn: fn });
+      if (typeof fn === 'function') {
+        events.push(once ? {id: id, fn: fn, once: once} : {id: id, fn: fn});
       }
 
       return self;
@@ -2019,34 +1834,34 @@
      * @param  {Number}   id    (optional) Only remove events for this sound.
      * @return {Howl}
      */
-    off: function (event, fn, id) {
+    off: function(event, fn, id) {
       var self = this;
-      var events = self["_on" + event];
+      var events = self['_on' + event];
       var i = 0;
 
       // Allow passing just an event and ID.
-      if (typeof fn === "number") {
+      if (typeof fn === 'number') {
         id = fn;
         fn = null;
       }
 
       if (fn || id) {
         // Loop through event store and remove the passed function.
-        for (i = 0; i < events.length; i++) {
-          var isId = id === events[i].id;
-          if ((fn === events[i].fn && isId) || (!fn && isId)) {
+        for (i=0; i<events.length; i++) {
+          var isId = (id === events[i].id);
+          if (fn === events[i].fn && isId || !fn && isId) {
             events.splice(i, 1);
             break;
           }
         }
       } else if (event) {
         // Clear out all events of this type.
-        self["_on" + event] = [];
+        self['_on' + event] = [];
       } else {
         // Clear out all events of every type.
         var keys = Object.keys(self);
-        for (i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
-          if (keys[i].indexOf("_on") === 0 && Array.isArray(self[keys[i]])) {
+        for (i=0; i<keys.length; i++) {
+          if ((keys[i].indexOf('_on') === 0) && Array.isArray(self[keys[i]])) {
             self[keys[i]] = [];
           }
         }
@@ -2062,7 +1877,7 @@
      * @param  {Number}   id    (optional) Only listen to events for this sound.
      * @return {Howl}
      */
-    once: function (event, fn, id) {
+    once: function(event, fn, id) {
       var self = this;
 
       // Setup the event listener.
@@ -2078,20 +1893,17 @@
      * @param  {Number} msg   Message to go with event.
      * @return {Howl}
      */
-    _emit: function (event, id, msg) {
+    _emit: function(event, id, msg) {
       var self = this;
-      var events = self["_on" + event];
+      var events = self['_on' + event];
 
       // Loop through event store and fire all functions.
-      for (var i = events.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+      for (var i=events.length-1; i>=0; i--) {
         // Only fire the listener if the correct ID is used.
-        if (!events[i].id || events[i].id === id || event === "load") {
-          setTimeout(
-            function (fn) {
-              fn.call(this, id, msg);
-            }.bind(self, events[i].fn),
-            0
-          );
+        if (!events[i].id || events[i].id === id || event === 'load') {
+          setTimeout(function(fn) {
+            fn.call(this, id, msg);
+          }.bind(self, events[i].fn), 0);
 
           // If this event was setup with `once`, remove it.
           if (events[i].once) {
@@ -2112,7 +1924,7 @@
      * after the previous has finished executing (even if async like play).
      * @return {Howl}
      */
-    _loadQueue: function (event) {
+    _loadQueue: function(event) {
       var self = this;
 
       if (self._queue.length > 0) {
@@ -2138,20 +1950,14 @@
      * @param  {Sound} sound The sound object to work with.
      * @return {Howl}
      */
-    _ended: function (sound) {
+    _ended: function(sound) {
       var self = this;
       var sprite = sound._sprite;
 
       // If we are using IE and there was network latency we may be clipping
       // audio before it completes playing. Lets check the node to make sure it
       // believes it has completed, before ending the playback.
-      if (
-        !self._webAudio &&
-        sound._node &&
-        !sound._node.paused &&
-        !sound._node.ended &&
-        sound._node.currentTime < sound._stop
-      ) {
+      if (!self._webAudio && sound._node && !sound._node.paused && !sound._node.ended && sound._node.currentTime < sound._stop) {
         setTimeout(self._ended.bind(self, sound), 100);
         return self;
       }
@@ -2160,7 +1966,7 @@
       var loop = !!(sound._loop || self._sprite[sprite][2]);
 
       // Fire the ended event.
-      self._emit("end", sound._id);
+      self._emit('end', sound._id);
 
       // Restart the playback for HTML5 Audio loop.
       if (!self._webAudio && loop) {
@@ -2169,17 +1975,13 @@
 
       // Restart this timer if on a Web Audio loop.
       if (self._webAudio && loop) {
-        self._emit("play", sound._id);
+        self._emit('play', sound._id);
         sound._seek = sound._start || 0;
         sound._rateSeek = 0;
         sound._playStart = Howler.ctx.currentTime;
 
-        var timeout =
-          ((sound._stop - sound._start) * 1000) / Math.abs(sound._rate);
-        self._endTimers[sound._id] = setTimeout(
-          self._ended.bind(self, sound),
-          timeout
-        );
+        var timeout = ((sound._stop - sound._start) * 1000) / Math.abs(sound._rate);
+        self._endTimers[sound._id] = setTimeout(self._ended.bind(self, sound), timeout);
       }
 
       // Mark the node as paused.
@@ -2210,21 +2012,17 @@
      * @param  {Number} id The sound ID.
      * @return {Howl}
      */
-    _clearTimer: function (id) {
+    _clearTimer: function(id) {
       var self = this;
 
       if (self._endTimers[id]) {
         // Clear the timeout or remove the ended listener.
-        if (typeof self._endTimers[id] !== "function") {
+        if (typeof self._endTimers[id] !== 'function') {
           clearTimeout(self._endTimers[id]);
         } else {
           var sound = self._soundById(id);
           if (sound && sound._node) {
-            sound._node.removeEventListener(
-              "ended",
-              self._endTimers[id],
-              false
-            );
+            sound._node.removeEventListener('ended', self._endTimers[id], false);
           }
         }
 
@@ -2239,11 +2037,11 @@
      * @param  {Number} id Sound ID
      * @return {Object}    Sound object or null.
      */
-    _soundById: function (id) {
+    _soundById: function(id) {
       var self = this;
 
       // Loop through all sounds and find the one with this ID.
-      for (var i = 0; i < self._sounds.length; i++) {
+      for (var i=0; i<self._sounds.length; i++) {
         if (id === self._sounds[i]._id) {
           return self._sounds[i];
         }
@@ -2256,13 +2054,13 @@
      * Return an inactive sound from the pool or create a new one.
      * @return {Sound} Sound playback object.
      */
-    _inactiveSound: function () {
+    _inactiveSound: function() {
       var self = this;
 
       self._drain();
 
       // Find the first inactive node to recycle.
-      for (var i = 0; i < self._sounds.length; i++) {
+      for (var i=0; i<self._sounds.length; i++) {
         if (self._sounds[i]._ended) {
           return self._sounds[i].reset();
         }
@@ -2275,7 +2073,7 @@
     /**
      * Drain excess inactive sounds from the pool.
      */
-    _drain: function () {
+    _drain: function() {
       var self = this;
       var limit = self._pool;
       var cnt = 0;
@@ -2287,14 +2085,14 @@
       }
 
       // Count the number of inactive sounds.
-      for (i = 0; i < self._sounds.length; i++) {
+      for (i=0; i<self._sounds.length; i++) {
         if (self._sounds[i]._ended) {
           cnt++;
         }
       }
 
       // Remove excess inactive sounds, going in reverse order.
-      for (i = self._sounds.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+      for (i=self._sounds.length - 1; i>=0; i--) {
         if (cnt <= limit) {
           return;
         }
@@ -2317,12 +2115,12 @@
      * @param  {Number} id Only return one ID if one is passed.
      * @return {Array}    Array of IDs.
      */
-    _getSoundIds: function (id) {
+    _getSoundIds: function(id) {
       var self = this;
 
-      if (typeof id === "undefined") {
+      if (typeof id === 'undefined') {
         var ids = [];
-        for (var i = 0; i < self._sounds.length; i++) {
+        for (var i=0; i<self._sounds.length; i++) {
           ids.push(self._sounds[i]._id);
         }
 
@@ -2337,7 +2135,7 @@
      * @param  {Sound} sound The sound object to work with.
      * @return {Howl}
      */
-    _refreshBuffer: function (sound) {
+    _refreshBuffer: function(sound) {
       var self = this;
 
       // Setup the buffer source for playback.
@@ -2357,10 +2155,7 @@
         sound._node.bufferSource.loopStart = sound._start || 0;
         sound._node.bufferSource.loopEnd = sound._stop || 0;
       }
-      sound._node.bufferSource.playbackRate.setValueAtTime(
-        sound._rate,
-        Howler.ctx.currentTime
-      );
+      sound._node.bufferSource.playbackRate.setValueAtTime(sound._rate, Howler.ctx.currentTime);
 
       return self;
     },
@@ -2370,10 +2165,9 @@
      * @param  {Object} node Sound's audio node containing the buffer source.
      * @return {Howl}
      */
-    _cleanBuffer: function (node) {
+    _cleanBuffer: function(node) {
       var self = this;
-      var isIOS =
-        Howler._navigator && Howler._navigator.vendor.indexOf("Apple") >= 0;
+      var isIOS = Howler._navigator && Howler._navigator.vendor.indexOf('Apple') >= 0;
 
       if (!node.bufferSource) {
         return self;
@@ -2383,9 +2177,7 @@
         node.bufferSource.onended = null;
         node.bufferSource.disconnect(0);
         if (isIOS) {
-          try {
-            node.bufferSource.buffer = Howler._scratchBuffer;
-          } catch (e) {}
+          try { node.bufferSource.buffer = Howler._scratchBuffer; } catch(e) {}
         }
       }
       node.bufferSource = null;
@@ -2397,15 +2189,12 @@
      * Set the source to a 0-second silence to stop any downloading (except in IE).
      * @param  {Object} node Audio node to clear.
      */
-    _clearSound: function (node) {
-      var checkIE = /MSIE |Trident\//.test(
-        Howler._navigator && Howler._navigator.userAgent
-      );
+    _clearSound: function(node) {
+      var checkIE = /MSIE |Trident\//.test(Howler._navigator && Howler._navigator.userAgent);
       if (!checkIE) {
-        node.src =
-          "data:audio/wav;base64,UklGRigAAABXQVZFZm10IBIAAAABAAEARKwAAIhYAQACABAAAABkYXRhAgAAAAEA";
+        node.src = 'data:audio/wav;base64,UklGRigAAABXQVZFZm10IBIAAAABAAEARKwAAIhYAQACABAAAABkYXRhAgAAAAEA';
       }
-    },
+    }
   };
 
   /** Single Sound Methods **/
@@ -2415,7 +2204,7 @@
    * Setup the sound object, which each node attached to a Howl group is contained in.
    * @param {Object} howl The Howl parent group.
    */
-  var Sound = function (howl) {
+  var Sound = function(howl) {
     this._parent = howl;
     this.init();
   };
@@ -2424,7 +2213,7 @@
      * Initialize a new Sound object.
      * @return {Sound}
      */
-    init: function () {
+    init: function() {
       var self = this;
       var parent = self._parent;
 
@@ -2436,7 +2225,7 @@
       self._seek = 0;
       self._paused = true;
       self._ended = true;
-      self._sprite = "__default";
+      self._sprite = '__default';
 
       // Generate a unique ID for this sound.
       self._id = ++Howler._counter;
@@ -2454,18 +2243,14 @@
      * Create and setup a new sound object, whether HTML5 Audio or Web Audio.
      * @return {Sound}
      */
-    create: function () {
+    create: function() {
       var self = this;
       var parent = self._parent;
-      var volume =
-        Howler._muted || self._muted || self._parent._muted ? 0 : self._volume;
+      var volume = (Howler._muted || self._muted || self._parent._muted) ? 0 : self._volume;
 
       if (parent._webAudio) {
         // Create the gain node for controlling volume (the source will connect to this).
-        self._node =
-          typeof Howler.ctx.createGain === "undefined"
-            ? Howler.ctx.createGainNode()
-            : Howler.ctx.createGain();
+        self._node = (typeof Howler.ctx.createGain === 'undefined') ? Howler.ctx.createGainNode() : Howler.ctx.createGain();
         self._node.gain.setValueAtTime(volume, Howler.ctx.currentTime);
         self._node.paused = true;
         self._node.connect(Howler.masterGain);
@@ -2475,7 +2260,7 @@
 
         // Listen for errors (http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec-author-view/spec.html#mediaerror).
         self._errorFn = self._errorListener.bind(self);
-        self._node.addEventListener("error", self._errorFn, false);
+        self._node.addEventListener('error', self._errorFn, false);
 
         // Listen for 'canplaythrough' event to let us know the sound is ready.
         self._loadFn = self._loadListener.bind(self);
@@ -2484,12 +2269,11 @@
         // Listen for the 'ended' event on the sound to account for edge-case where
         // a finite sound has a duration of Infinity.
         self._endFn = self._endListener.bind(self);
-        self._node.addEventListener("ended", self._endFn, false);
+        self._node.addEventListener('ended', self._endFn, false);
 
         // Setup the new audio node.
         self._node.src = parent._src;
-        self._node.preload =
-          parent._preload === true ? "auto" : parent._preload;
+        self._node.preload = parent._preload === true ? 'auto' : parent._preload;
         self._node.volume = volume * Howler.volume();
 
         // Begin loading the source.
@@ -2503,7 +2287,7 @@
      * Reset the parameters of this sound to the original state (for recycle).
      * @return {Sound}
      */
-    reset: function () {
+    reset: function() {
       var self = this;
       var parent = self._parent;
 
@@ -2516,7 +2300,7 @@
       self._rateSeek = 0;
       self._paused = true;
       self._ended = true;
-      self._sprite = "__default";
+      self._sprite = '__default';
 
       // Generate a new ID so that it isn't confused with the previous sound.
       self._id = ++Howler._counter;
@@ -2527,24 +2311,20 @@
     /**
      * HTML5 Audio error listener callback.
      */
-    _errorListener: function () {
+    _errorListener: function() {
       var self = this;
 
       // Fire an error event and pass back the code.
-      self._parent._emit(
-        "loaderror",
-        self._id,
-        self._node.error ? self._node.error.code : 0
-      );
+      self._parent._emit('loaderror', self._id, self._node.error ? self._node.error.code : 0);
 
       // Clear the event listener.
-      self._node.removeEventListener("error", self._errorFn, false);
+      self._node.removeEventListener('error', self._errorFn, false);
     },
 
     /**
      * HTML5 Audio canplaythrough listener callback.
      */
-    _loadListener: function () {
+    _loadListener: function() {
       var self = this;
       var parent = self._parent;
 
@@ -2553,12 +2333,12 @@
 
       // Setup a sprite if none is defined.
       if (Object.keys(parent._sprite).length === 0) {
-        parent._sprite = { __default: [0, parent._duration * 1000] };
+        parent._sprite = {__default: [0, parent._duration * 1000]};
       }
 
-      if (parent._state !== "loaded") {
-        parent._state = "loaded";
-        parent._emit("load");
+      if (parent._state !== 'loaded') {
+        parent._state = 'loaded';
+        parent._emit('load');
         parent._loadQueue();
       }
 
@@ -2569,7 +2349,7 @@
     /**
      * HTML5 Audio ended listener callback.
      */
-    _endListener: function () {
+    _endListener: function() {
       var self = this;
       var parent = self._parent;
 
@@ -2589,8 +2369,8 @@
       }
 
       // Clear the event listener since the duration is now correct.
-      self._node.removeEventListener("ended", self._endFn, false);
-    },
+      self._node.removeEventListener('ended', self._endFn, false);
+    }
   };
 
   /** Helper Methods **/
@@ -2602,7 +2382,7 @@
    * Buffer a sound from URL, Data URI or cache and decode to audio source (Web Audio API).
    * @param  {Howl} self
    */
-  var loadBuffer = function (self) {
+  var loadBuffer = function(self) {
     var url = self._src;
 
     // Check if the buffer has already been cached and use it instead.
@@ -2618,9 +2398,9 @@
 
     if (/^data:[^;]+;base64,/.test(url)) {
       // Decode the base64 data URI without XHR, since some browsers don't support it.
-      var data = atob(url.split(",")[1]);
+      var data = atob(url.split(',')[1]);
       var dataView = new Uint8Array(data.length);
-      for (var i = 0; i < data.length; ++i) {
+      for (var i=0; i<data.length; ++i) {
         dataView[i] = data.charCodeAt(i);
       }
 
@@ -2630,30 +2410,26 @@
       var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
       xhr.open(self._xhr.method, url, true);
       xhr.withCredentials = self._xhr.withCredentials;
-      xhr.responseType = "arraybuffer";
+      xhr.responseType = 'arraybuffer';
 
       // Apply any custom headers to the request.
       if (self._xhr.headers) {
-        Object.keys(self._xhr.headers).forEach(function (key) {
+        Object.keys(self._xhr.headers).forEach(function(key) {
           xhr.setRequestHeader(key, self._xhr.headers[key]);
         });
       }
 
-      xhr.onload = function () {
+      xhr.onload = function() {
         // Make sure we get a successful response back.
-        var code = (xhr.status + "")[0];
-        if (code !== "0" && code !== "2" && code !== "3") {
-          self._emit(
-            "loaderror",
-            null,
-            "Failed loading audio file with status: " + xhr.status + "."
-          );
+        var code = (xhr.status + '')[0];
+        if (code !== '0' && code !== '2' && code !== '3') {
+          self._emit('loaderror', null, 'Failed loading audio file with status: ' + xhr.status + '.');
           return;
         }
 
         decodeAudioData(xhr.response, self);
       };
-      xhr.onerror = function () {
+      xhr.onerror = function() {
         // If there is an error, switch to HTML5 Audio.
         if (self._webAudio) {
           self._html5 = true;
@@ -2671,7 +2447,7 @@
    * Send the XHR request wrapped in a try/catch.
    * @param  {Object} xhr XHR to send.
    */
-  var safeXhrSend = function (xhr) {
+  var safeXhrSend = function(xhr) {
     try {
       xhr.send();
     } catch (e) {
@@ -2684,14 +2460,14 @@
    * @param  {ArrayBuffer} arraybuffer The audio data.
    * @param  {Howl}        self
    */
-  var decodeAudioData = function (arraybuffer, self) {
+  var decodeAudioData = function(arraybuffer, self) {
     // Fire a load error if something broke.
-    var error = function () {
-      self._emit("loaderror", null, "Decoding audio data failed.");
+    var error = function() {
+      self._emit('loaderror', null, 'Decoding audio data failed.');
     };
 
     // Load the sound on success.
-    var success = function (buffer) {
+    var success = function(buffer) {
       if (buffer && self._sounds.length > 0) {
         cache[self._src] = buffer;
         loadSound(self, buffer);
@@ -2701,22 +2477,19 @@
     };
 
     // Decode the buffer into an audio source.
-    if (
-      typeof Promise !== "undefined" &&
-      Howler.ctx.decodeAudioData.length === 1
-    ) {
+    if (typeof Promise !== 'undefined' && Howler.ctx.decodeAudioData.length === 1) {
       Howler.ctx.decodeAudioData(arraybuffer).then(success).catch(error);
     } else {
       Howler.ctx.decodeAudioData(arraybuffer, success, error);
     }
-  };
+  }
 
   /**
    * Sound is now loaded, so finish setting everything up and fire the loaded event.
    * @param  {Howl} self
    * @param  {Object} buffer The decoded buffer sound source.
    */
-  var loadSound = function (self, buffer) {
+  var loadSound = function(self, buffer) {
     // Set the duration.
     if (buffer && !self._duration) {
       self._duration = buffer.duration;
@@ -2724,13 +2497,13 @@
 
     // Setup a sprite if none is defined.
     if (Object.keys(self._sprite).length === 0) {
-      self._sprite = { __default: [0, self._duration * 1000] };
+      self._sprite = {__default: [0, self._duration * 1000]};
     }
 
     // Fire the loaded event.
-    if (self._state !== "loaded") {
-      self._state = "loaded";
-      self._emit("load");
+    if (self._state !== 'loaded') {
+      self._state = 'loaded';
+      self._emit('load');
       self._loadQueue();
     }
   };
@@ -2738,7 +2511,7 @@
   /**
    * Setup the audio context when available, or switch to HTML5 Audio mode.
    */
-  var setupAudioContext = function () {
+  var setupAudioContext = function() {
     // If we have already detected that Web Audio isn't supported, don't run this step again.
     if (!Howler.usingWebAudio) {
       return;
@@ -2746,14 +2519,14 @@
 
     // Check if we are using Web Audio and setup the AudioContext if we are.
     try {
-      if (typeof AudioContext !== "undefined") {
+      if (typeof AudioContext !== 'undefined') {
         Howler.ctx = new AudioContext();
-      } else if (typeof webkitAudioContext !== "undefined") {
+      } else if (typeof webkitAudioContext !== 'undefined') {
         Howler.ctx = new webkitAudioContext();
       } else {
         Howler.usingWebAudio = false;
       }
-    } catch (e) {
+    } catch(e) {
       Howler.usingWebAudio = false;
     }
 
@@ -2764,17 +2537,11 @@
 
     // Check if a webview is being used on iOS8 or earlier (rather than the browser).
     // If it is, disable Web Audio as it causes crashing.
-    var iOS = /iP(hone|od|ad)/.test(
-      Howler._navigator && Howler._navigator.platform
-    );
-    var appVersion =
-      Howler._navigator &&
-      Howler._navigator.appVersion.match(/OS (\d+)_(\d+)_?(\d+)?/);
+    var iOS = (/iP(hone|od|ad)/.test(Howler._navigator && Howler._navigator.platform));
+    var appVersion = Howler._navigator && Howler._navigator.appVersion.match(/OS (\d+)_(\d+)_?(\d+)?/);
     var version = appVersion ? parseInt(appVersion[1], 10) : null;
     if (iOS && version && version < 9) {
-      var safari = /safari/.test(
-        Howler._navigator && Howler._navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase()
-      );
+      var safari = /safari/.test(Howler._navigator && Howler._navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase());
       if (Howler._navigator && !safari) {
         Howler.usingWebAudio = false;
       }
@@ -2782,14 +2549,8 @@
 
     // Create and expose the master GainNode when using Web Audio (useful for plugins or advanced usage).
     if (Howler.usingWebAudio) {
-      Howler.masterGain =
-        typeof Howler.ctx.createGain === "undefined"
-          ? Howler.ctx.createGainNode()
-          : Howler.ctx.createGain();
-      Howler.masterGain.gain.setValueAtTime(
-        Howler._muted ? 0 : Howler._volume,
-        Howler.ctx.currentTime
-      );
+      Howler.masterGain = (typeof Howler.ctx.createGain === 'undefined') ? Howler.ctx.createGainNode() : Howler.ctx.createGain();
+      Howler.masterGain.gain.setValueAtTime(Howler._muted ? 0 : Howler._volume, Howler.ctx.currentTime);
       Howler.masterGain.connect(Howler.ctx.destination);
     }
 
@@ -2798,29 +2559,28 @@
   };
 
   // Add support for AMD (Asynchronous Module Definition) libraries such as require.js.
-  if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
-    define([], function () {
+  if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) {
+    define([], function() {
       return {
         Howler: Howler,
-        Howl: Howl,
+        Howl: Howl
       };
     });
   }
 
   // Add support for CommonJS libraries such as browserify.
-  if (typeof exports !== "undefined") {
+  if (typeof exports !== 'undefined') {
     exports.Howler = Howler;
     exports.Howl = Howl;
   }
 
   // Add to global in Node.js (for testing, etc).
-  if (typeof global !== "undefined") {
+  if (typeof global !== 'undefined') {
     global.HowlerGlobal = HowlerGlobal;
     global.Howler = Howler;
     global.Howl = Howl;
     global.Sound = Sound;
-  } else if (typeof window !== "undefined") {
-    // Define globally in case AMD is not available or unused.
+  } else if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {  // Define globally in case AMD is not available or unused.
     window.HowlerGlobal = HowlerGlobal;
     window.Howler = Howler;
     window.Howl = Howl;