Add new post (#11)

Author: hemantapkh

_posts/2025-06-07-tracking-celery-tasks-with-signals.md

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+---
+title: Tracking Celery Tasks with Signals
+description: "Track Celery tasks to capture user information, timing metrics, and contextual data for 
+enhanced debugging and performance analysis."
+author: hemantapkh
+date: 2025-06-08 07:55:00 +0000
+categories: [Monitoring]
+tags: [python, celery, monitoring, logging]
+pin: false
+math: false
+mermaid: false
+image: 
+    path: https://assets.hemantapkh.com/tracking-celery-tasks-with-signals/thumbnail.webp
+---
+
+In this post, I’ll share how I use Celery signals in Python to monitor tasks and make debugging easier. 
+The focus is on two main goals:
+
+- **Track timing metrics:** Measure task execution time, queue wait time, and total time to gain performance 
+insights and identify improvements.
+
+- **Enrich and correlate task logs:** Attach contextual data like user details and request IDs to tasks, binding 
+this metadata to all logs for improved traceability and debugging.
+
+## Understanding Celery Signals
+
+Celery signals are a mechanism that lets applications listen for specific events during a task’s lifecycle, 
+such as when a task is dispatched, starts, or completes. They allow you to attach custom logic to these events, 
+enabling actions like logging metadata or tracking performance without tightly coupling your code.  
+We will use these signals to capture task metrics and contextual data for better observability and debugging.
+
+## Adding Metadata at Task Dispatch
+
+The `before_task_publish` signal is triggered just before a task is sent to the message broker. 
+let's use it to attach metadata, such as user information, request ID, queue name, and dispatch timestamp, 
+to the task headers.
+
+```python
+import time
+from celery import signals
+import structlog
+
+logger = structlog.get_logger()
+
+@signals.before_task_publish.connect
+def before_task_publish_handler(headers: dict, **kwargs: dict):
+    # Replace with your application's logic to fetch request_id and user_info or add other info
+    request_id = "your_request_id"
+    user_info = {"user_id": "<user_id>", "org_id": "<org_id>"}
+
+    headers["request_id"] = request_id
+    headers["user_info"] = user_info
+    headers["publish_time"] = time.time()
+
+    logger.info(
+        "Celery event",
+        state="before_task_publish",
+        task_id=headers.get("id"),
+        task_name=headers.get("task"),
+        request_id=request_id,
+        queue_name=kwargs.get("routing_key"),
+        **user_info,
+    )
+```
+
+## Capturing Task Start Time and Context
+
+The `task_prerun` signal is triggered just before a task begins execution on a worker. Let's use it to record the 
+task’s start time and bind contextual data (like `task_id` and `request_id`) to the `structlog` contextvars. This 
+ensures all logs generated during task execution are correlated with this metadata, improving traceability.
+
+```python
+import time
+
+from celery import signals, Task
+import structlog
+
+@signals.task_prerun.connect
+def on_task_prerun(task_id: str, task: Task, **kwargs):
+    task.request.prerun_time = time.time()  # Record task start time
+    request_id = getattr(task.request, "request_id", None)
+    queue_name = task.request.get("delivery_info", {}).get("routing_key")
+    user_info = getattr(task.request, "user_info", {})
+
+    # Bind task_id and request_id to structlog context for log correlation
+    structlog.contextvars.bind_contextvars(
+        request_id=request_id,
+        task_id=task_id,
+    )
+
+    logger.info(
+        "Celery event",
+        state="task_prerun",
+        task_id=task_id,
+        task_name=task.name,
+        request_id=request_id,
+        queue_name=queue_name,
+        **user_info,
+    )
+```
+
+
+## Calculating Metrics After Task Completion
+
+The `task_postrun` signal is triggered after a task completes, whether it succeeds or fails. Here, we calculate 
+key metrics: queue wait time (time spent in the queue before execution), execution time (time spent running the task), 
+and total time (from dispatch to completion). These metrics help identify bottlenecks and optimize task performance.
+
+```python
+import time
+
+from celery import Task
+
+@signals.task_postrun.connect
+def on_task_postrun(task_id: str, task: Task, state: str, **kwargs: dict):
+    current_time = time.time()
+
+    user_info = getattr(task.request, "user_info", {})
+    request_id = getattr(task.request, "request_id", "")
+    queue_name = task.request.get("delivery_info", {}).get("routing_key")
+
+    # Calculate timing metrics
+    total_time = current_time - task.request.publish_time if hasattr(task.request, "publish_time") else None
+    execution_time = current_time - task.request.prerun_time if hasattr(task.request, "prerun_time") else None
+    queue_wait_time = (
+        task.request.prerun_time - task.request.publish_time
+        if hasattr(task.request, "publish_time") and hasattr(task.request, "prerun_time")
+        else None
+    )
+
+    logger.info(
+        "Celery event",
+        state="task_postrun",
+        task_id=task_id,
+        task_name=task.name,
+        request_id=request_id,
+        queue_name=queue_name,
+        queue_wait_time=queue_wait_time,
+        total_time=total_time,
+        execution_time=execution_time,
+        result=state,
+        **user_info,
+    )
+```
+
+Now, you'll receive timing logs for each task after its completion, along with important details like the request ID and user information. Additionally, task logs are linked with the request_id and task_id, ensuring better traceability and easier debugging. 🎉