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ExternalMeshDeformation class
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‎include/aspect/mesh_deformation/external_tool_interface.h‎

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@@ -112,6 +112,11 @@ namespace aspect
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AffineConstraints<double> &mesh_velocity_constraints,
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const std::set<types::boundary_id> &boundary_ids) const override;
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/**
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* Given all solution variables at each surface point, compute velocities at these points.
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*
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* This needs to be implemented by the derived class and implement the "surface evolution".
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*/
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virtual
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std::vector<Tensor<1,dim>>
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compute_updated_velocities_at_points (const std::vector<std::vector<double>> &current_solution_at_points) const = 0;
@@ -176,8 +181,7 @@ namespace aspect
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LinearAlgebra::Vector
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interpolate_velocities_to_surface_points (const std::vector<Tensor<1,dim>> &vertical_velocities) const;
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private:
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protected:
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std::vector<Point<dim>> evaluation_points;
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‎source/mesh_deformation/external_tool_interface.cc‎

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‎tests/mesh_deformation_external_01.cc‎

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/*
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Copyright (C) 2025 - 2025 by the authors of the ASPECT code.
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This file is part of ASPECT.
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ASPECT is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
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it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
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any later version.
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ASPECT is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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GNU General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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along with ASPECT; see the file LICENSE. If not see
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<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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*/
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#include <aspect/simulator_signals.h>
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#include <aspect/simulator_access.h>
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#include <iostream>
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using namespace aspect;
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#include <aspect/mesh_deformation/interface.h>
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#include <aspect/gravity_model/interface.h>
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#include <aspect/simulator_access.h>
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#include <aspect/mesh_deformation/external_tool_interface.h>
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namespace aspect
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{
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namespace MeshDeformation
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{
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template <int dim>
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class TestExternalDeformation : public ExternalToolInterface<dim>
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{
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public:
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/**
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* Constructor.
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*/
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TestExternalDeformation() = default;
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void initialize() override
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{
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this->get_pcout() << "initialize()" << std::endl;
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}
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void
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update () override
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{
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this->get_pcout() << "update()" << std::endl;
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if (!this->remote_point_evaluator)
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{
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std::vector<Point<dim>> points;
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this->get_pcout() << "\tsetting points" << std::endl;
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if (Utilities::MPI::this_mpi_process(this->get_mpi_communicator())==0)
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{
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if constexpr (dim == 2)
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{
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points.emplace_back(0.3, 1.0);
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points.emplace_back(0.5, 1.0);
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}
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else
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{
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points.emplace_back(0.3, 0.7, 1.0);
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points.emplace_back(0.5, 0.5, 1.0);
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points.emplace_back(0.7, 0.2, 1.0);
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points.emplace_back(0.7, 0.91, 1.0);
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}
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}
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else
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{
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if constexpr (dim == 2)
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{
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points.emplace_back(0.72, 1.0);
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}
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else
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{
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points.emplace_back(0.9, 0.9, 1.0);
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}
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}
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this->set_evaluation_points (points);
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}
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}
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virtual
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std::vector<Tensor<1,dim>>
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compute_updated_velocities_at_points (const std::vector<std::vector<double>> &current_solution_at_points) const override
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{
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this->get_pcout() << "compute_updated_velocities_at_points()" << std::endl;
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Assert(current_solution_at_points.size() == this->evaluation_points.size(), ExcInternalError());
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std::vector<Tensor<1,dim>> velocities(current_solution_at_points.size(), Tensor<1,dim>());
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if (velocities.size()>1)
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{
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velocities[0][dim-1]=30.0;
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velocities[1][dim-1]=-3.5;
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}
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return velocities;
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}
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Tensor<1,dim>
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compute_initial_deformation_on_boundary(const types::boundary_id /*boundary_indicator*/,
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const Point<dim> &position) const override
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{
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const Tensor<1,dim> gravity = this->get_gravity_model().gravity_vector(position);
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Tensor<1,dim> topography_direction;
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if (gravity.norm() > 0.0)
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topography_direction = -gravity / gravity.norm();
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const double topography_amplitude = (position[0]>=0.5) ? (0.05 * (1.+std::cos(2.*numbers::PI*position[0]))) : 0.0;
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return topography_amplitude * topography_direction;
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}
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};
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}
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}
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// explicit instantiation of the functions we implement in this file
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namespace aspect
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{
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namespace MeshDeformation
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{
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ASPECT_REGISTER_MESH_DEFORMATION_MODEL(TestExternalDeformation,
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"external deformation",
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"")
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}
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}

‎tests/mesh_deformation_external_01.prm‎

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# Test the ExternalToolInterface class for mesh deformation
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# derived class written as a plugin, 2d box geometry, initial
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# topography coming from the plugin (and not initial topography)
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#
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# MPI: 2
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set Dimension = 2
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set Use years in output instead of seconds = false
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set End time = 0.004
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set Maximum time step = 0.0005
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set Nonlinear solver scheme = no Advection, no Stokes
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set Pressure normalization = surface
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set Surface pressure = 0
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subsection Geometry model
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set Model name = box
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subsection Box
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set X extent = 1
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set Y extent = 1
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end
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end
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# Temperature effects are ignored
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subsection Initial temperature model
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set Model name = function
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subsection Function
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set Function expression = 0
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end
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end
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subsection Boundary temperature model
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set Fixed temperature boundary indicators = bottom, top
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set List of model names = initial temperature
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end
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# Free slip on all boundaries
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subsection Boundary velocity model
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set Tangential velocity boundary indicators = left, right, bottom, top
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end
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subsection Mesh deformation
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set Mesh deformation boundary indicators = top: external deformation
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set Additional tangential mesh velocity boundary indicators = left, right
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end
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# Vertical gravity
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subsection Gravity model
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set Model name = vertical
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subsection Vertical
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set Magnitude = 1
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end
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end
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# One material with unity properties
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subsection Material model
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set Model name = simple
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subsection Simple model
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set Reference density = 1
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set Reference specific heat = 1
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set Reference temperature = 0
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set Thermal conductivity = 1
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set Thermal expansion coefficient = 1
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set Viscosity = 1
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end
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end
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# We also have to specify that we want to use the Boussinesq
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# approximation (assuming the density in the temperature
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# equation to be constant, and incompressibility).
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subsection Formulation
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set Formulation = Boussinesq approximation
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end
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# We here use a globally refined mesh without
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# adaptive mesh refinement.
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subsection Mesh refinement
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set Initial global refinement = 4
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set Initial adaptive refinement = 0
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set Time steps between mesh refinement = 0
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end
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subsection Postprocess
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set List of postprocessors = visualization, topography
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subsection Visualization
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set Time between graphical output = 0
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set Output mesh velocity = true
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set Output mesh displacement = true
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set Output undeformed mesh = false
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set Interpolate output = false
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end
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end

‎tests/mesh_deformation_external_01/screen-output‎

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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Loading shared library <./libmesh_deformation_external_01.debug.so>
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initialize()
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Number of active cells: 256 (on 5 levels)
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Number of degrees of freedom: 3,556 (2,178+289+1,089)
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Number of mesh deformation degrees of freedom: 578
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Solving mesh displacement system... 6 iterations.
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*** Timestep 0: t=0 seconds, dt=0 seconds
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update()
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setting points
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compute_updated_velocities_at_points()
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Solving mesh displacement system... 4 iterations.
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Postprocessing:
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Writing graphical output: output-mesh_deformation_external_01/solution/solution-00000
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Topography min/max: 0 m, 0.1 m
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*** Timestep 1: t=0.0005 seconds, dt=0.0005 seconds
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update()
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compute_updated_velocities_at_points()
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Solving mesh displacement system... 4 iterations.
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Postprocessing:
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Writing graphical output: output-mesh_deformation_external_01/solution/solution-00001
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Topography min/max: -0.00175 m, 0.1 m
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*** Timestep 2: t=0.001 seconds, dt=0.0005 seconds
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update()
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compute_updated_velocities_at_points()
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Solving mesh displacement system... 4 iterations.
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Postprocessing:
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Writing graphical output: output-mesh_deformation_external_01/solution/solution-00002
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Topography min/max: -0.0035 m, 0.1 m
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*** Timestep 3: t=0.0015 seconds, dt=0.0005 seconds
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update()
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compute_updated_velocities_at_points()
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Solving mesh displacement system... 4 iterations.
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Postprocessing:
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Writing graphical output: output-mesh_deformation_external_01/solution/solution-00003
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Topography min/max: -0.00525 m, 0.1 m
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*** Timestep 4: t=0.002 seconds, dt=0.0005 seconds
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update()
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compute_updated_velocities_at_points()
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Solving mesh displacement system... 4 iterations.
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Postprocessing:
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Writing graphical output: output-mesh_deformation_external_01/solution/solution-00004
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Topography min/max: -0.007 m, 0.1 m
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*** Timestep 5: t=0.0025 seconds, dt=0.0005 seconds
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update()
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compute_updated_velocities_at_points()
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Solving mesh displacement system... 4 iterations.
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Postprocessing:
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Writing graphical output: output-mesh_deformation_external_01/solution/solution-00005
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Topography min/max: -0.00875 m, 0.1 m
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*** Timestep 6: t=0.003 seconds, dt=0.0005 seconds
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update()
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compute_updated_velocities_at_points()
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Solving mesh displacement system... 4 iterations.
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Postprocessing:
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Writing graphical output: output-mesh_deformation_external_01/solution/solution-00006
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Topography min/max: -0.0105 m, 0.1 m
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*** Timestep 7: t=0.0035 seconds, dt=0.0005 seconds
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update()
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compute_updated_velocities_at_points()
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Solving mesh displacement system... 4 iterations.
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Postprocessing:
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Writing graphical output: output-mesh_deformation_external_01/solution/solution-00007
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Topography min/max: -0.01225 m, 0.105 m
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*** Timestep 8: t=0.004 seconds, dt=0.0005 seconds
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update()
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compute_updated_velocities_at_points()
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Solving mesh displacement system... 4 iterations.
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Postprocessing:
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Writing graphical output: output-mesh_deformation_external_01/solution/solution-00008
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Topography min/max: -0.014 m, 0.12 m
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Termination requested by criterion: end time
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+---------------------------------------------+------------+------------+
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+---------------------------------+-----------+------------+------------+
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+---------------------------------+-----------+------------+------------+
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

‎tests/mesh_deformation_external_01/statistics‎

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# 1: Time step number
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# 2: Time (seconds)
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# 3: Time step size (seconds)
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# 4: Number of mesh cells
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# 5: Number of Stokes degrees of freedom
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# 6: Number of temperature degrees of freedom
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# 7: Number of nonlinear iterations
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# 8: Visualization file name
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# 9: Minimum topography (m)
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# 10: Maximum topography (m)
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0 0.000000000000e+00 0.000000000000e+00 256 2467 1089 0 output-mesh_deformation_external_01/solution/solution-00000 0.00000000e+00 1.00000000e-01
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1 5.000000000000e-04 5.000000000000e-04 256 2467 1089 0 output-mesh_deformation_external_01/solution/solution-00001 -1.75000000e-03 1.00000000e-01
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2 1.000000000000e-03 5.000000000000e-04 256 2467 1089 0 output-mesh_deformation_external_01/solution/solution-00002 -3.50000000e-03 1.00000000e-01
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3 1.500000000000e-03 5.000000000000e-04 256 2467 1089 0 output-mesh_deformation_external_01/solution/solution-00003 -5.25000000e-03 1.00000000e-01
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4 2.000000000000e-03 5.000000000000e-04 256 2467 1089 0 output-mesh_deformation_external_01/solution/solution-00004 -7.00000000e-03 1.00000000e-01
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5 2.500000000000e-03 5.000000000000e-04 256 2467 1089 0 output-mesh_deformation_external_01/solution/solution-00005 -8.75000000e-03 1.00000000e-01
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6 3.000000000000e-03 5.000000000000e-04 256 2467 1089 0 output-mesh_deformation_external_01/solution/solution-00006 -1.05000000e-02 1.00000000e-01
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7 3.500000000000e-03 5.000000000000e-04 256 2467 1089 0 output-mesh_deformation_external_01/solution/solution-00007 -1.22500000e-02 1.05000000e-01
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8 4.000000000000e-03 5.000000000000e-04 256 2467 1089 0 output-mesh_deformation_external_01/solution/solution-00008 -1.40000000e-02 1.20000000e-01

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