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<!doctype html public "-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
<title>ns-3 Change Log</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>
ns-3: API and model change history</h1>
<!--
This ChangeLog is updated in the reverse order
with the most recent changes coming first. Date format: DD-MM-YYYY
-->
<p>
ns-3 is an evolving system and there will be API or behavioral changes
from time to time. Users who try to use scripts or models across
versions of ns-3 may encounter problems at compile time, run time, or
may see the simulation output change. </p>
<p>
We have adopted the development policy that we are going to try to ease
the impact of these changes on users by documenting these changes in a
single place (this file), and not by providing a temporary or permanent
backward-compatibility software layer. </p>
<p>
The goal is that users who encounter a problem when trying to use older
code with newer code should be able to consult this file to find
guidance as to how to fix the problem. For instance, if a method name
or signature has changed, it should be stated what the new replacement
name is. </p>
<p>
Note that users who upgrade the simulator across versions, or who work
directly out of the development tree, may find that simulation output
changes even when the compilation doesn't break, such as when a
simulator default value is changed. Therefore, it is good practice for
_anyone_ using code across multiple ns-3 releases to consult this file,
as well as the RELEASE_NOTES, to understand what has changed over time.
</p>
<p>
This file is a best-effort approach to solving this issue; we will do
our best but can guarantee that there will be things that fall through
the cracks, unfortunately. If you, as a user, can suggest improvements
to this file based on your experience, please contribute a patch or drop
us a note on ns-developers mailing list.</p>
<hr>
<h1>Changes from ns-3.13 to ns-3-dev</h1>
<h2>New API:</h2>
<ul>
<li>The new class AntennaModel provides an API for modeling the radiation pattern of antennas.
</li>
<li>The new buildings module introduces an API (classes, helpers, etc)
to model the presence of buildings in a wireless network topology.
</li>
<li>The LENA project's implementation of the LTE Mac Scheduler Interface Specification
standardized by the Small Cell Forum (formerly Femto Forum) is now available for
use with the LTE module.
</li>
</ul>
<h2>Changes to existing API:</h2>
<ul>
<li> The Ipv6RawSocketImpl "IcmpFilter" attribute has been removed. Six
new member functions have been added to enable the same functionality.
</li>
<li> IPv6 support for TCP and UDP has been implemented. Socket functions
that take an address [e.g. Send (), Connect (), Bind ()] can accept an
ns3::Ipv6Address or a ns3::Address in addition to taking an ns3::Ipv4Address.
(Note that the ns3::Address must contain a ns3::Ipv6Address or a ns3::Ipv4Address,
otherwise these functions will return an error).
Internally, the socket now stores the remote address as a type "ns3::Address"
instead of a type "ns3::Ipv4Address". The IPv6 Routing Header extension is not
currently supported in ns3 and will not be reflected in the TCP and UDP checksum
calculations per RFC 2460. Also note that UDP checksums for IPv6 packets are
required per RFC, but remain optional and disabled by default in ns3 (in the
interest of performance).
</li>
<li>
When calling Bind () on a socket without an address, the behavior remains the
same: it will bind to the IPv4 "any" address (0.0.0.0). In order to Bind () to
the IPv6 "any" address in a similar fashion, use "Bind6 ()".
</li>
<li>
The prototype for the RxCallback function in the Ipv6EndPoint was changed.
It now includes the destination IPv6 address of the end point which was
needed for TCP. This lead to a small change in the UDP and ICMPv6 L4
protocols as well.
</li>
<li>
Ipv6RoutingHelper can now print the IPv6 Routing Tables at specific
intervals or time. Exactly like Ipv4RoutingHelper do.
</li>
<li>
New "SendIcmpv6Redirect" attribute (and getter/setter functions) to
Ipv6L3Protocol. The behavior is similar to Linux's conf "send_redirects",
i.e., enable/disable the ICMPv6 Redirect sending.
</li>
<li> The SpectrumPhy abstract class now has a new method
<pre>virtual Ptr<AntennaModel> GetRxAntenna () = 0;</pre>
that all derived classes need to implement in order to integrate properly with the newly added antenna model. In addition, a new member variable "Ptr<AntennaModel> txAntenna" has been added to SpectrumSignalParameters in order to allow derived SpectrumPhy classes to provide information about the antenna model used for the transmission of a waveform.
</li>
<li> The Ns2CalendarScheduler event scheduler has been removed.
</li>
<li>
ErrorUnit enum has been moved into RateErrorModel class, and symbols EU_BIT, EU_BYTE and EU_PKT have been renamed to RateErrorModel::ERROR_UNIT_BIT, RateErrorModel::ERROR_UNIT_BYTE and RateErrorModel::ERROR_UNIT_PACKET. RateErrorModel class attribute "ErrorUnit" values have also been renamed for consistency, and are now "ERROR_UNIT_BIT", "ERROR_UNIT_BYTE", "ERROR_UNIT_PACKET".
</li>
<li>
QueueMode enum from DropTailQueue and RedQueue classes has been unified and moved to Queueu class. Symbols DropTailQueue::PACKETS and DropTailQueue::BYTES are now named Queue::QUEUE_MODE_PACKETS and DropTailQueue::QUEUE_MODE_BYTES. In addition, DropTailQueue and RedQueue class attributes "Mode" have been renamed for consistency from "Packets" and "Bytes" to "QUEUE_MODE_PACKETS" and "QUEUE_MODE_BYTES".
</li>
<li>
The API of the LTE module has undergone a significant redesign with
the merge of the code from the LENA project. The new API is not
backwards compatible with the previous version of the LTE module.
</li>
<li> The Ipv6AddressHelper API has been aligned with the Ipv4AddressHelper API.
The helper can be set with a call to Ipv6AddressHelper::SetBase
(Ipv6Address network, Ipv6Prefix prefix) instead of NewNetwork
(Ipv6Address network, Ipv6Prefix prefix). A new NewAddress (void) method
has been added. Typical usage will involve calls to SetBase (), NewNetwork (),
and NewAddress (), as in class Ipv4AddressHelper.
</li>
</ul>
<h2>Changes to build system:</h2>
<ul>
<li> The following files are removed:
<pre>
src/internet/model/ipv4-l4-protocol.cc
src/internet/model/ipv4-l4-protocol.h
src/internet/model/ipv6-l4-protocol.cc
src/internet/model/ipv6-l4-protocol.h
</pre>
and replaced with:
<pre>
src/internet/model/ip-l4-protocol.cc
src/internet/model/ip-l4-protocol.h
</pre>
</li>
</ul>
<h2>Changed behavior:</h2>
<ul>
<li> Dual-stacked IPv6 sockets are implemented. An IPv6 socket can accept
an IPv4 connection, returning the senders address as an IPv4-mapped address
(IPV6_V6ONLY socket option is not implemented).
</li>
<li>
The following examples/application/helpers were modified to support IPv6:
<pre>
csma-layout/examples/csma-star [*]
netanim/examples/star-animation [*]
point-to-point-layout/model/point-to-point-star.cc
point-to-point-layout/model/point-to-point-grid.cc
point-to-point-layout/model/point-to-point-dumbbell.cc
examples/udp/udp-echo [*]
examples/udp-client-server/udp-client-server [*]
examples/udp-client-server/udp-trace-client-server [*]
applications/helper/udp-echo-helper
applications/model/udp-client
applications/model/udp-echo-client
applications/model/udp-echo-server
applications/model/udp-server
applications/model/udp-trace-client
[*] Added '--useIpv6' flag to switch between IPv4 and IPv6
</pre>
</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h1>Changes from ns-3.12 to ns-3.13</h1>
<h2>Changes to build system:</h2>
<ul>
<li> The underlying version of waf used by ns-3 was upgraded to 1.6.7.
This has a few changes for users and developers:
<ul>
<li> by default, "build" no longer has a subdirectory debug or optimized.
To get different build directories for different build types, you can use
the waf configure -o <argument> option, e.g.:
<pre>
./waf configure -o shared
./waf configure --enable-static -o static
</pre>
</li>
<li> (for developers) the ns3headers taskgen needs to be created with a
features parameter name:
<pre>
- headers = bld.new_task_gen('ns3header')
+ headers = bld.new_task_gen(features=['ns3header'])
</pre>
<li> no longer need to edit src/wscript to add a module, just create your
module directory inside src and ns-3 will pick it up
<li> In WAF 1.6, adding -Dxxx options is done via the DEFINES env. var.
instead of CXXDEFINES
<li> waf env values are always lists now, e.g. env['PYTHON'] returns
['/usr/bin/python'], so you may need to add [0] to the value in some places
</ul>
</ul>
<h2>New API:</h2>
<ul>
<li> In the mobility module, there is a new MobilityModel::GetRelativeSpeed() method returning the relative speed of two objects. </li>
<li> A new Ipv6AddressGenerator class was added to generate sequential
addresses from a provided base prefix and interfaceId. It also will detect
duplicate address assigments. </li>
</ul>
<h2>Changes to existing API:</h2>
<ul>
<li> In the spectrum module, the parameters to SpectrumChannel::StartTx () and SpectrumPhy::StartRx () methods are now passed using the new struct SpectrumSignalParameters. This new struct supports inheritance, hence it allows technology-specific PHY implementations to provide technology-specific parameters in SpectrumChannel::StartTx() and SpectrumPhy::StartRx(), while at the same time keeping a set of technology-independent parameters common across all spectrum-enabled PHY implementations (i.e., the duration and the power spectral density which are needed for interference calculation). Additionally, the SpectrumType class has been removed, since now the type of a spectrum signal can be inferred by doing a dynamic cast on SpectrumSignalParameters. See the <A href="http://mailman.isi.edu/pipermail/ns-developers/2011-October/009495.html" >Spectrum API change discussion on ns-developers</A> for the motivation behind this API change.
</li>
<li> The WifiPhyStandard enumerators for specifying half- and quarter-channel
width standards has had a change in capitalization:
<ul>
<li> WIFI_PHY_STANDARD_80211_10Mhz was changed to WIFI_PHY_STANDARD_80211_10MHZ
<li> WIFI_PHY_STANDARD_80211_5Mhz was changed to WIFI_PHY_STANDARD_80211_5MHZ
</ul>
<li> In the SpectrumPhy base class, the methods to get/set the
MobilityModel and the NetDevice were previously working with
opaque Ptr<Object>. Now all these methods have been
changed so that they work with Ptr<NetDevice>
and Ptr<MobilityModel> as appropriate. See <A href="https://www.nsnam.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=1271">Bug 1271</A> on
bugzilla for the motivation.
</li>
</ul>
<h2>Changed behavior:</h2>
<ul>
<li> TCP bug fixes
<ul>
<li> Connection retries count is a separate variable with the retries limit, so cloned sockets can reset the count
<li> Fix bug on RTO that may halt the data flow
<li> Make TCP endpoints always holds the accurate address:port info
<li> RST packet is sent on closed sockets
<li> Fix congestion window sizing problem upon partial ACK in TcpNewReno
<li> Acknowledgement is sent, rather than staying silent, upon arrival of unacceptable packets
<li> Advance TcpSocketBase::m_nextTxSequence after RTO
</ul>
<li> TCP enhancements
<ul>
<li> Latest RTT value now stored in variable TcpSocketBase::m_lastRtt
<li> The list variable TcpL4Protocol::m_sockets now always holds all the created, running TcpSocketBase objects
<li> Maximum announced window size now an attribute, ns3::TcpSocketBase::MaxWindowSize
<li> TcpHeader now recognizes ECE and CWR flags (c.f. RFC3168)
<li> Added TCP option handling call in TcpSocketBase for future extension
<li> Data out of range (i.e. outsize acceptable range of receive window) now computed on bytes, not packets
<li> TCP moves from time-wait state to closed state after twice the time specified by attribute ns3:TcpSocketBase::MaxSegLifeTime
<li> TcpNewReno supports limited transmit (RFC3042) if asserting boolean attribute ns3::TcpNewReno::LimitedTransmit
<li> Nagle's algorithm supported. Default off, turn on by calling TcpSocket::SetTcpNoDelay(true)
</ul>
</ul>
<hr>
<h1>Changes from ns-3.11 to ns-3.12</h1>
<h2>Changes to build system:</h2>
<ul>
</ul>
<h2>New API:</h2>
<ul>
<li> New method, RegularWifiMac::SetPromisc (void), to set the interface
to promiscuous mode.
</ul>
<h2>Changes to existing API:</h2>
<ul>
<li> The spelling of the attribute 'IntialCellVoltage' from LiIonEnergySource
was corrected to 'InitialCellVoltage'; this will affect existing users who
were using the attribute with the misspelling.
<li> Two trace sources in class WifiPhy have had their names changed:
<ul>
<li> 'PromiscSnifferRx' is now 'MonitorSnifferRx'
<li> 'PromiscSnifferTx' is now 'MonitorSnifferTx'
</ul>
</ul>
<h2>Changed behavior:</h2>
<ul>
<li> IPv4 fragmentation is now supported.
</ul>
<hr>
<h1>Changes from ns-3.10 to ns-3.11</h1>
<h2>Changes to build system:</h2>
<ul>
<li><b>Examples and tests are no longer built by default in ns-3</b>
<p>
You can now make examples and tests be built in ns-3 in two ways.
<ol>
<li> Using build.py when ns-3 is built for the first time:
<pre>
./build.py --enable-examples --enable-tests
</pre>
<li> Using waf once ns-3 has been built:
<pre>
./waf configure --enable-examples --enable-tests
</pre>
</ol>
</p></li>
<li><b> Subsets of modules can be enabled using the ns-3 configuration file</b>
<p>A new configuration file, .ns3rc, has been added to ns-3 that
specifies the modules that should be enabled during the ns-3 build.
See the documentation for details.
</p></li>
</ul>
<h2>New API:</h2>
<ul>
<li><b>int64x64_t</b>
<p>The <b>int64x64_t</b> type implements all the C++ arithmetic operators to behave like one of the
C++ native types. It is a 64.64 integer type which means that it is a 128bit integer type with
64 bits of fractional precision. The existing <b>Time</b> type is now automatically convertible to
<b>int64x64_t</b> to allow arbitrarily complex arithmetic operations on the content of <b>Time</b>
objects. The implementation of <b>int64x64_t</b> is based on the previously-existing
<b>HighPrecision</b> type and supercedes it.
</p></li>
</ul>
<h2>Changes to existing API:</h2>
<ul>
<li><b>Wifi TX duration calculation moved from InterferenceHelper to WifiPhy</b>
<p>The following static methods have been moved from the InterferenceHelper class to the WifiPhy class:
<pre>
static Time CalculateTxDuration (uint32_t size, WifiMode payloadMode, enum WifiPreamble preamble);
static WifiMode GetPlcpHeaderMode (WifiMode payloadMode, WifiPreamble preamble);
static uint32_t GetPlcpHeaderDurationMicroSeconds (WifiMode payloadMode, WifiPreamble preamble);
static uint32_t GetPlcpPreambleDurationMicroSeconds (WifiMode payloadMode, WifiPreamble preamble);
static uint32_t GetPayloadDurationMicroSeconds (uint32_t size, WifiMode payloadMode);
</pre>
</p></li>
<li><b>Test cases no longer return a boolean value</b>
<p>Unit test case DoRun() functions no longer return a bool value. Now, they don't return a value at all. The motivation for this change was to disallow users from merely returning "true" from a test case to force an error to be recorded. Instead, test case macros should be used.
</p></li>
<li><b>PhyMac renamed to GenericPhy</b>
<p>The PhyMac interface previously defined in phy-mac.h has been
renamed to GenericPhy interface and moved to a new file
generic-phy.h. The related variables and methods have been renamed accordingly.
</p></li>
<li><b>Scalar</b>
<p>The Scalar type has been removed. Typical code such as:
<pre>
Time tmp = ...;
Time result = tmp * Scalar (5);
</pre>
Can now be rewritten as:
<pre>
Time tmp = ...;
Time result = Time (tmp * 5);
</pre>
</p>
</li>
<li><b>Multicast GetOutputTtl() commands</b>
<p> As part of bug 1047 rework to enable multicast routes on nodes with
more than 16 interfaces, the methods Ipv4MulticastRoute::GetOutputTtl ()
and Ipv6MulticastRoute::GetOutputTtl () have been modified to return
a std::map of interface IDs and TTLs for the route.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2>Changed behavior:</h2>
<ul>
</ul>
<hr>
<h1>Changes from ns-3.9 to ns-3.10</h1>
<h2>Changes to build system:</h2>
<ul>
<li><b>Regression tests are no longer run using waf</b>
<p>All regression testing is now being done in test.py. As a result, a
separate reference trace repository is no longer needed to perform
regression tests. Tests that require comparison against known good traces
can still be run from test.py. The --regression option for waf has been
removed. However, the "-r" option to download.py has been kept to
allow users to fetch older revisions of ns-3 that contain these traces.
</p>
<li><b>Documentation converted to Sphinx</b>
<p> Project documentation (manual, tutorial, and testing) have been
converted to Sphinx from the GNU Texinfo markup format.</p>
</ul>
<h2>New API:</h2>
<ul>
<li><b>Pyviz visualizer</b>
<p>A Python-based visualizer called pyviz is now integrated with ns-3.
For Python simulations, there is an API to start the visualizer. You
have to import the visualizer module, and call visualizer.start()
instead of ns3.Simulator.Run(). For C++ simulations, there is no API.
For C++ simulations (but also works for Python ones) you need to set
the GlobalValue SimulatorImplementationType to
"ns3::VisualSimulatorImpl". This can be set from the command-line,
for example (add the
<tt>--SimulatorImplementationType=ns3::VisualSimulatorImpl</tt>
option), or via the waf option <tt>--visualizer</tt>, in addition to
the usual <tt>--run</tt> option to run programs.
</p></li>
<li><b>WaypointMobility attributes</b>
<p>Two attributes were added to WaypointMobility model: LazyNotify and
InitialPositionIs Waypoint. See RELEASE_NOTES for details. </p> </li>
<li><b>802.11g rates for ERP-OFDM added</b>
<p>New WifiModes of the form ErpOfdmRatexxMbps, where xx is the rate
in Mbps (6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 54), are available for 802.11g.
More details are in the RELEASE_NOTES. </p> </li>
<li><b>Socket::GetSocketType ()</b>
<p>This is analogous to getsockopt(SO_TYPE). ipv4-raw-socket, ipv6-raw-socket,
and packet-socket return NS3_SOCK_RAW. tcp-socket and nsc-tcp-socket return
NS3_SOCK_STREAM. udp-socket returns NS3_SOCK_DGRAM.</p></li>
<li><b>BulkSendApplication</b>
<p>Sends data as fast as possible up to MaxBytes or unlimited if MaxBytes is
zero. Think OnOff, but without the "off" and without the variable data rate.
This application only works with NS3_SOCK_STREAM and NS3_SOCK_SEQPACKET sockets,
for example TCP sockets and not UDP sockets. A helper class exists to
facilitate creating BulkSendApplications. The API for the helper class
is similar to existing application helper classes, for example, OnOff.
</p></li>
<li><b>Rakhmatov Vrudhula non-linear battery model</b>
<p>New class and helper for this battery model. </p></li>
<li><b>Print IPv4 routing tables</b>
<p>New class methods and helpers for printing IPv4 routing tables
to an output stream. </p></li>
<li><b>Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) routing protocol</b>
<p>Derives from Ipv4RoutingProtocol and contains a DsdvHelper class. </p></li>
<li><b>3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) models</b>
<p>More details are in the RELEASE_NOTES. </p></li>
</ul>
<h2>Changes to existing API:</h2>
<ul>
<li><b>Consolidation of Wi-Fi MAC high functionality</b>
<p>Wi-Fi MAC high classes have been reorganised in attempt to
consolidate shared functionality into a single class. This new class
is RegularWifiMac, and it derives from the abstract WifiMac, and is
parent of AdhocWifiMac, StaWifiMac, ApWifiMac, and
MeshWifiInterfaceMac. The QoS and non-QoS class variants are no
longer, with a RegularWifiMac attribute "QosSupported" allowing
selection between these two modes of operation. QosWifiMacHelper and
NqosWifiMacHelper continue to work as previously, with a
behind-the-scenes manipulation of the 'afore-mentioned attribute.
</p></li>
<li><b>New TCP architecture</b>
<p>TcpSocketImpl was replaced by a new base class TcpSocketBase and
several subclasses implementing different congestion control. From
a user-level API perspective, the main change is that a new attribute
"SocketType" is available in TcpL4Protocol, to which a TypeIdValue
of a specific Tcp variant can be passed. In the same class, the attribute
"RttEstimatorFactory" was also renamed "RttEstimatorType" since it now
takes a TypeIdValue instead of an ObjectFactoryValue. In most cases,
however, no change to existing user programs should be needed.
</p></li>
</ul>
<h2>Changed behavior:</h2>
<ul>
<li><b>EmuNetDevice uses DIX instead of LLC encapsulation by default</b>
<p>bug 984 in ns-3 tracker: real devices don't usually understand LLC/SNAP
so the default of DIX makes more sense.
</p></li>
<li><b>TCP defaults to NewReno congestion control</b>
<p>As part of the TCP socket refactoring, a new TCP implementation provides
slightly different behavior than the previous TcpSocketImpl that provided
only fast retransmit. The default behavior now is NewReno which provides
fast retransmit and fast recovery with window inflation during recovery.
</p></li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h1>Changes from ns-3.8 to ns-3.9</h1>
<h2>Changes to build system:</h2>
<h2>New API:</h2>
<ul>
<li><b>Wifi set block ack threshold:</b> Two methods for setting block ack
parameters for a specific access class:
<pre>
void QosWifiMacHelper::SetBlockAckThresholdForAc (enum AccessClass accessClass, uint8_t threshold);
void QosWifiMacHelper::SetBlockAckInactivityTimeoutForAc (enum AccessClass accessClass, uint16_t timeout);
</pre>
</li>
<li><b>Receive List Error Model:</b> Another basic error model that allows
the user to specify a list of received packets that should be errored. The
list corresponds not to the packet UID but to the sequence of received
packets as observed by the error model. See src/common/error-model.h
</li>
<li><b>Respond to interface events:</b> New attribute for Ipv4GlobalRouting,
"RespondToInterfaceEvents", which when enabled, will cause global routes
to be recomputed upon any interface or address notification event from IPv4.
</li>
<li><b>Generic sequence number:</b> New generic sequence number class to
easily handle comparison, subtraction, etc. for sequence numbers.
To use it you need to supply two fundamental types as template parameters:
NUMERIC_TYPE and SIGNED_TYPE. For instance, <tt>SequenceNumber<uint32_t, int32_t></tt>
gives you a 32-bit sequence number, while <tt>SequenceNumber<uint16_t, int16_t></tt>
is a 16-bit one. For your convenience, these are typedef'ed as
<tt>SequenceNumber32</tt> and <tt>SequenceNumber16</tt>, respectively.
</li>
<li><b>Broadcast socket option:</b> New Socket
methods <tt>SetAllowBroadcast</tt> and <tt>GetAllowBroadcast</tt> add
to NS-3 <tt>Socket</tt>'s the equivalent to the POSIX SO_BROADCAST
socket option (setsockopt/getsockopt). Starting from this NS-3
version, IPv4 sockets do not allow us to send packets to broadcast
destinations by default; SetAllowBroadcast must be called beforehand
if we wish to send broadcast packets.
</li>
<li><b>Deliver of packet ancillary information to sockets:</b> A method to deliver ancillary information
to the socket interface (fixed in bug 671): <pre>void Socket::SetRecvPktInfo (bool flag);</pre>
</ul>
<h2>Changes to existing API:</h2>
<ul>
<li><b>Changes to construction and naming of Wi-Fi transmit rates:</b>
A reorganisation of the construction of Wi-Fi transmit rates has been
undertaken with the aim of simplifying the task of supporting further
IEEE 802.11 PHYs. This work has been completed under the auspices of
Bug 871.
From the viewpoint of simulation scripts not part of the ns-3
distribution, the key change is that WifiMode names of the form
wifi<em>x</em>-<em>n</em>mbs are now invalid. Names now take the
form <em>Cccc</em>Rate<em>n</em>Mbps[BW<em>b</em>MHz],
where <em>n</em> is the root bitrate in megabits-per-second as before
(with only significant figures included, and an underscore replacing
any decimal point), and <em>Cccc</em> is a representation of the
Modulation Class as defined in Table 9-2 of IEEE
Std. 802.11-2007. Currently-supported options for <em>Cccc</em>
are <em>Ofdm</em> and <em>Dsss</em>. For modulation classes where
optional reduced-bandwidth transmission is possible, this is captured
in the final part of the form above, with <em>b</em> specifying the
nominal signal bandwidth in megahertz. </li>
<li><b>Consolidation of classes support Wi-Fi Information Elements:</b>
When the <em>mesh</em> module was introduced it added a class
hierarchy for modelling of the various Information Elements that were
required. In this release, this class hierarchy has extended by moving
the base classes (WifiInformationElement and
WifiInformationElementVector) into the <em>wifi</em> module. This
change is intended to ease the addition of support for modelling of
further Wi-Fi functionality. </li>
<li><b>Changed for {Ipv4,Ipv6}PacketInfoTag delivery:</b> In order to
deliver ancillary information to the socket interface (fixed in bug 671),
<em>Ipv4PacketInfoTag</em> and <em>Ipv6PacketInfoTag</em> are implemented.
For the delivery of this information, the following changes are made into
existing class.
In Ipv4EndPoint class,
<pre>
- void SetRxCallback (Callback<void,Ptr<Packet>, Ipv4Address, Ipv4Address, uint16_t> callback);
+ void SetRxCallback (Callback<void,Ptr<Packet>, Ipv4Header, uint16_t, Ptr<Ipv4Interface> > callback);
- void ForwardUp (Ptr<Packet> p, Ipv4Address saddr, Ipv4Address daddr, uint16_t sport);
+ void ForwardUp (Ptr<Packet> p, const Ipv4Header& header, uint16_t sport,
+ Ptr<Ipv4Interface> incomingInterface);
</pre>
In Ipv4L4Protocol class,
<pre>
virtual enum RxStatus Receive(Ptr<Packet> p,
- Ipv4Address const &source,
- Ipv4Address const &destination,
+ Ipv4Header const &header,
Ptr<Ipv4Interface> incomingInterface) = 0;
</pre>
<pre>
-Ipv4RawSocketImpl::ForwardUp (Ptr<const Packet> p, Ipv4Header ipHeader, Ptr<NetDevice> device)
+Ipv4RawSocketImpl::ForwardUp (Ptr<const Packet> p, Ipv4Header ipHeader, Ptr<Ipv4Interface> incomingInterface)
-NscTcpSocketImpl::ForwardUp (Ptr<Packet> packet, Ipv4Address saddr, Ipv4Address daddr, uint16_t port)
+NscTcpSocketImpl::ForwardUp (Ptr<Packet> packet, Ipv4Header header, uint16_t port,
+ Ptr<Ipv4Interface> incomingInterface)
-TcpSocketImpl::ForwardUp (Ptr<Packet> packet, Ipv4Address saddr, Ipv4Address daddr, uint16_t port)
+TcpSocketImpl::ForwardUp (Ptr<Packet> packet, Ipv4Header header, uint16_t port,
+ Ptr<Ipv4Interface> incomingInterface)
-UdpSocketImpl::ForwardUp (Ptr<Packet> packet, Ipv4Address saddr, Ipv4Address daddr, uint16_t port)
+UdpSocketImpl::ForwardUp (Ptr<Packet> packet, Ipv4Header header, uint16_t port,
+ Ptr<Ipv4Interface> incomingInterface)
</pre>
</li>
<li>The method OutputStreamWrapper::SetStream (std::ostream *ostream) was removed.</li>
)
</ul>
<h2>Changed behavior:</h2>
<ul>
<li><b>Queue trace behavior during Enqueue changed:</b> The behavior of the
Enqueue trace source has been changed to be more intuitive and to agree with
documentation. Enqueue and Drop events in src/node/queue.cc are now mutually
exclusive. In the past, the meaning of an Enqueue event was that the Queue
Enqueue operation was being attempted; and this could be followed by a Drop
event if the Queue was full. The new behavior is such that a packet is either
Enqueue'd successfully or Drop'ped.
<li><b>Drop trace logged for Ipv4/6 forwarding failure:</b> Fixed bug 861; this
will add ascii traces (drops) in Ipv4 and Ipv6 traces for forwarding failures
<li><b>Changed default WiFi error rate model for OFDM modulation types:</b>
Adopted more conservative ErrorRateModel for OFDM modulation types (a/g).
This will require 4 to 5 more dB of received power to get similar results
as before, so users may observe a reduced WiFi range when using the defaults.
See tracker issue 944 for more details.
</ul>
<hr>
<h1>Changes from ns-3.7 to ns-3.8</h1>
<h2>Changes to build system:</h2>
<h2>New API:</h2>
<ul>
<li><b>Matrix propagation loss model:</b> This radio propagation model uses a two-dimensional matrix
of path loss indexed by source and destination nodes.
<li><b>WiMAX net device</b>: The developed WiMAX model attempts to provide an accurate MAC and
PHY level implementation of the 802.16 specification with the Point-to-Multipoint (PMP) mode and the WirelessMAN-OFDM
PHY layer. By adding WimaxNetDevice objects to ns-3 nodes, one can create models of
802.16-based networks. The source code for the WiMAX models lives in the directory src/devices/wimax.
The model is mainly composed of three layers:
<ul>
<li>The convergence sublayer (CS)
<li>The MAC Common Part Sublayer (MAC-CPS)
<li>The Physical layer
</ul>
The main way that users who write simulation scripts will typically
interact with the Wimax models is through the helper API and through
the publicly visible attributes of the model.
The helper API is defined in src/helper/wimax-helper.{cc,h}.
Three examples containing some code that shows how to setup a 802.16 network are located under examples/wimax/
<li><b>MPI Interface for distributed simulation:</b> Enables access
to necessary MPI information such as MPI rank and size.
<li><b>Point-to-point remote channel:</b> Enables point-to-point
connection between net-devices on different simulators, for use
with distributed simulation.
<li><b>GetSystemId in simulator:</b> For use with distributed
simulation, GetSystemId returns zero by non-distributed
simulators. For the distributed simulator, it returns the
MPI rank.
<li><b>Enhancements to src/core/random-variable.cc/h:</b> New Zeta random variable generator. The Zeta random
distribution is tightly related to the Zipf distribution (already in ns-3.7). See the documentation,
especially because sometimes the Zeta distribution is called Zipf and viceversa. Here we conform to the
Wikipedia naming convention, i.e., Zipf is bounded while Zeta isn't.
<li><b>Two-ray ground propagation loss model:</b> Calculates the crossover distance under which Friis is used. The antenna
height is set to the nodes z coordinate, but can be added to using the model parameter SetHeightAboveZ, which
will affect ALL stations
<li><b>Pareto random variable</b> has two new constructors to specify scale and shape:
<pre>
ParetoVariable (std::pair<double, double> params);
ParetoVariable (std::pair<double, double> params, double b);
</pre>
</ul>
<h2>Changes to existing API:</h2>
<ul>
<li><b>Tracing Helpers</b>: The organization of helpers for both pcap and ascii
tracing, in devices and protocols, has been reworked. Instead of each device
and protocol helper re-implementing trace enable methods, classes have been
developed to implement user-level tracing in a consistent way; and device and
protocol helpers use those classes to provide tracing functionality.<br>
In addition to consistent operation across all helpers, the object name service
has been integrated into the trace file naming scheme.<br>
The internet stack helper has been extensively massaged to make it easier to
manage traces originating from protocols. It used to be the case that there
was essentially no opportunity to filter tracing on interfaces, and resulting
trace file names collided with those created by devices. File names are now
disambiguated and one can enable traces on a protocol/interface basis analogously
to the node/device granularity of device-based helpers.<br>
The primary user-visible results of this change are that trace-related functions
have been changed from static functions to method calls; and a new object has
been developed to hold streams for ascii traces.<br>
New functionality is present for ascii traces. It is now possible to create
multiple ascii trace files automatically just as was possible for pcap trace
files.<br>
The implementation of the helper code has been designed also to provide
functionality to make it easier for sophisticated users to hook traces of
various kinds and write results to (file) streams.
Before:
<pre>
CsmaHelper::EnablePcapAll ();
std::ofstream ascii;
ascii.open ("csma-one-subnet.tr", std::ios_base::binary | std::ios_base::out);
CsmaHelper::EnableAsciiAll (ascii);
InternetStackHelper::EnableAsciiAll (ascii);
</pre>
After:
<pre>
CsmaHelper csmaHelper;
InternetStackHelper stack;
csmaHelper.EnablePcapAll ();
AsciiTraceHelper ascii;
csma.EnableAsciiAll (ascii.CreateFileStream ("csma-one-subnet.tr"));
stack.EnableAsciiIpv4All (stream);
</pre>
<li><b>Serialization and Deserialization</b> in buffer, nix-vector,
packet-metadata, and packet has been modified to use raw character
buffers, rather than the Buffer class
<pre>
+ uint32_t Buffer::GetSerializedSize (void) const;
+ uint32_t Buffer::Serialize (uint8_t* buffer, uint32_t maxSize) const;
+ uint32_t Buffer::Deserialize (uint8_t* buffer, uint32_t size);
- void NixVector::Serialize (Buffer::Iterator i, uint32_t size) const;
+ uint32_t NixVector::Serialize (uint32_t* buffer, uint32_t maxSize) const;
- uint32_t NixVector::Deserialize (Buffer::Iterator i);
+ uint32_t NixVector::Deserialize (uint32_t* buffer, uint32_t size);
- void PacketMetadata::Serialize (Buffer::Iterator i, uint32_t size) const;
+ uint32_t PacketMetadata::Serialize (uint8_t* buffer, uint32_t maxSize) const;
- uint32_t PacketMetadata::Deserialize (Buffer::Iterator i);
+ uint32_t PacketMetadata::Deserialize (uint8_t* buffer, uint32_t size);
+ uint32_t Packet::GetSerializedSize (void) const;
- Buffer Packet::Serialize (void) const;
+ uint32_t Packet::Serialize (uint8_t* buffer, uint32_t maxSize) const;
- void Packet::Deserialize (Buffer buffer);
+ Packet::Packet (uint8_t const*buffer, uint32_t size, bool magic);
</pre>
<li><b>PacketMetadata uid</b> has been changed to a 64-bit value. The
lower 32 bits give the uid, while the upper 32-bits give the MPI rank
for distributed simulations. For non-distributed simulations, the
upper 32 bits are simply zero.
<pre>
- inline PacketMetadata (uint32_t uid, uint32_t size);
+ inline PacketMetadata (uint64_t uid, uint32_t size);
- uint32_t GetUid (void) const;
+ uint64_t GetUid (void) const;
- PacketMetadata::PacketMetadata (uint32_t uid, uint32_t size);
+ PacketMetadata::PacketMetadata (uint64_t uid, uint32_t size);
- uint32_t Packet::GetUid (void) const;
+ uint64_t Packet::GetUid (void) const;
</pre>
<li><b>Moved propagation models</b> from src/devices/wifi to src/common
<li><b>Moved Mtu attribute from base class NetDevice</b> This attribute is
now found in all NetDevice subclasses.
</ul>
<h2>Changed behavior:</h2>
<ul>
</ul>
<hr>
<h1>Changes from ns-3.6 to ns-3.7</h1>
<h2>Changes to build system:</h2>
<h2>New API:</h2>
<ul>
<li><b>Equal-cost multipath for global routing:</b> Enables quagga's
equal cost multipath for Ipv4GlobalRouting, and adds an attribute that
can enable it with random packet distribution policy across equal cost routes.
<li><b>Binding sockets to devices:</b> A method analogous to a SO_BINDTODEVICE
socket option has been introduced to class Socket: <pre>virtual void Socket::BindToNetDevice (Ptr<NetDevice> netdevice);</pre>
<li><b>Simulator event contexts</b>: The Simulator API now keeps track of a per-event
'context' (a 32bit integer which, by convention identifies a node by its id). Simulator::GetContext
returns the context of the currently-executing event while Simulator::ScheduleWithContext creates an
event with a context different from the execution context of the caller. This API is used
by the ns-3 logging system to report the execution context of each log line.
<li><b>Object::DoStart</b>: Users who need to complete their object setup at the start of a simulation
can override this virtual method, perform their adhoc setup, and then, must chain up to their parent.
<li><b>Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV)</b> routing model,
<a href=http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3561.txt>RFC 3561</a> </li>
<li><b>Ipv4::IsDestinationAddress (Ipv4Address address, uint32_t iif)</b> Method added to support checks of whether a destination address should be accepted
as one of the host's own addresses. RFC 1122 Strong/Weak end system behavior can be changed with a new attribute (WeakEsModel) in class Ipv4. </li>
<li><b>Net-anim interface</b>: Provides an interface to net-anim, a network animator for point-to-point
links in ns-3. The interface generates a custom trace file for use with the NetAnim program.</li>
<li><b>Topology Helpers</b>: New topology helpers have been introduced including PointToPointStarHelper,
PointToPointDumbbellHelper, PointToPointGridHelper, and CsmaStarHelper.</li>
<li><b>IPv6 extensions support</b>: Provides API to add IPv6 extensions and options. Two examples (fragmentation
and loose routing) are available.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Changes to existing API:</h2>
<ul>
<li><b>Ipv4RoutingProtocol::RouteOutput</b> no longer takes an outgoing
interface index but instead takes an outgoing device pointer; this affects all
subclasses of Ipv4RoutingProtocol.
<pre>
- virtual Ptr<Ipv4Route> RouteOutput (Ptr<Packet> p, const Ipv4Header &header, uint32_t oif, Socket::SocketErrno &sockerr) = 0;
+ virtual Ptr<Ipv4Route> RouteOutput (Ptr<Packet> p, const Ipv4Header &header, Ptr<NetDevice> oif, Socket::SocketErrno &sockerr) = 0;
</pre>
<li><b>Ipv6RoutingProtocol::RouteOutput</b> no longer takes an outgoing
interface index but instead takes an outgoing device pointer; this affects all
subclasses of Ipv6RoutingProtocol.
<pre>
- virtual Ptr<Ipv6Route> RouteOutput (Ptr<Packet> p, const Ipv6Header &header, uint32_t oif, Socket::SocketErrno &sockerr) = 0;
+ virtual Ptr<Ipv6Route> RouteOutput (Ptr<Packet> p, const Ipv6Header &header, Ptr<NetDevice> oif, Socket::SocketErrno &sockerr) = 0;
</pre>
<li><b>Application::Start</b> and <b>Application::Stop</b> have been renamed to
<b>Application::SetStartTime</b> and <b>Application::SetStopTime</b>.
<li><b>Channel::Send</b>: this method does not really exist but each subclass of the Channel
base class must implement a similar method which sends a packet from a node to another node.
Users must now use Simulator::ScheduleWithContext instead of Simulator::Schedule to schedule
the reception event on a remote node.<br>
For example, before:
<pre>
void
SimpleChannel::Send (Ptr<Packet> p, uint16_t protocol,
Mac48Address to, Mac48Address from,
Ptr<SimpleNetDevice> sender)
{
for (std::vector<Ptr<SimpleNetDevice> >::const_iterator i = m_devices.begin (); i != m_devices.end (); ++i)
{
Ptr<SimpleNetDevice> tmp = *i;
if (tmp == sender)
{
continue;
}
Simulator::ScheduleNow (&SimpleNetDevice::Receive, tmp, p->Copy (), protocol, to, from);
}
}
</pre>
After:
<pre>
void
SimpleChannel::Send (Ptr<Packet> p, uint16_t protocol,
Mac48Address to, Mac48Address from,
Ptr<SimpleNetDevice> sender)
{
for (std::vector<Ptr<SimpleNetDevice> >::const_iterator i = m_devices.begin (); i != m_devices.end (); ++i)
{
Ptr<SimpleNetDevice> tmp = *i;
if (tmp == sender)
{
continue;
}
Simulator::ScheduleWithContext (tmp->GetNode ()->GetId (), Seconds (0),
&SimpleNetDevice::Receive, tmp, p->Copy (), protocol, to, from);
}
}
</pre>
<li><b>Simulator::SetScheduler</b>: this method now takes an ObjectFactory
instead of an object pointer directly. Existing callers can trivially be
updated to use this new method.<br>
Before:
<pre>
Ptr<Scheduler> sched = CreateObject<ListScheduler> ();
Simulator::SetScheduler (sched);
</pre>
After:
<pre>
ObjectFactory sched;
sched.SetTypeId ("ns3::ListScheduler");
Simulator::SetScheduler (sched);
</pre>
<li> Extensions to IPv4 <b>Ping</b> application: verbose output and the ability to configure different ping
sizes and time intervals (via new attributes)
<li><b>Topology Helpers</b>: Previously, topology helpers such as a point-to-point star existed in the
PointToPointHelper class in the form of a method (ex: PointToPointHelper::InstallStar). These topology
helpers have been pulled out of the specific helper classes and created as separate classes. Several
different topology helper classes now exist including PointToPointStarHelper, PointToPointGridHelper,
PointToPointDumbbellHelper, and CsmaStarHelper. For example, a user wishes to create a
point-to-point star network:<br>
Before:
<pre>
NodeContainer hubNode;
NodeContainer spokeNodes;
hubNode.Create (1);
Ptr<Node> hub = hubNode.Get (0);
spokeNodes.Create (nNodes - 1);
PointToPointHelper pointToPoint;
pointToPoint.SetDeviceAttribute ("DataRate", StringValue ("5Mbps"));
pointToPoint.SetChannelAttribute ("Delay", StringValue ("2ms"));
NetDeviceContainer hubDevices, spokeDevices;
pointToPoint.InstallStar (hubNode.Get (0), spokeNodes, hubDevices, spokeDevices);
</pre>
After:
<pre>
PointToPointHelper pointToPoint;
pointToPoint.SetDeviceAttribute ("DataRate", StringValue ("5Mbps"));
pointToPoint.SetChannelAttribute ("Delay", StringValue ("2ms"));
PointToPointStarHelper star (nSpokes, pointToPoint);
</pre>
</li>
</ul>
<h2>Changed behavior:</h2>
<ul>
<li> Changed default value of YansWifiPhy::EnergyDetectionThreshold from
-140.0 dBm to -96.0 dBm. Changed default value of
YansWifiPhy::CcaModelThreshold from -140.0 dBm to -99.0 dBm. Rationale
can be found <a href="http://www.nsnam.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=689">
here</a>.
</li>
<li> Default TTL of IPv4 broadcast datagrams changed from 1 to 64.</li>
<li> Changed DcfManager::UpdateBackoff (): using flooring instead of rounding in calculation of remaining slots. <a href="http://www.nsnam.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=695">
See bug 695.</a></li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h1>Changes from ns-3.5 to ns-3.6</h1>
<h2>Changes to build system:</h2>
<ul>
<li><b>A new test framework is provided with ns-3.6 that primarilay runs outside waf</b>
<p>"./waf check" now runs the new unit tests of the core part of ns-3.6.
In order to run the complete test package, use "./test.py" which is
documented in a new manual -- find it in ./doc/testing. "./waf check"
no longer generates the introspected Doxygen. Now use "./waf doxygen"
to do this and generate the Doxygen documentation in one step.
</p>
</ul>
<h2>New API:</h2>
<ul>
<li><b>Longest prefix match, support for metrics, for Ipv4StaticRouting and Ipv6StaticRouting</b>
<p>When performing route lookup, first match for longest prefix, and then
based on metrics (default metric = 0). If metrics are equal, most recent
addition is picked. Extends API for support of metrics but preserves
backward compatibility. One small change is that the default route
is no longer stored as index 0 route in the host route table so
GetDefaultRoute () must be used.
</p>
</li>
<li><b>Route injection for global routing</b>
<p>Add ability to inject and withdraw routes to Ipv4GlobalRouting. This
allows a user to insert a route and have it redistributed like an OSPF
external LSA to the rest of the topology.
</p>
</li>
<li><b>Athstats</b>
<p>New classes AthstatsWifiTraceSink and AthstatsHelper.
</p>
</li>
<li><b>WifiRemoteStationManager </b>
<p>New trace sources exported by WifiRemoteStationManager: MacTxRtsFailed, MacTxDataFailed, MacTxFinalRtsFailed and MacTxFinalDataFailed.
</p>
</li>
<li><b> IPv6 additions</b>
<p> Add an IPv6 protocol and ICMPv6 capability.
<ul>
<li> new classes Ipv6, Ipv6Interface, Ipv6L3Protocol, Ipv6L4Protocol
<li> Ipv6RawSocket (no UDP or TCP capability yet)
<li> a set of classes to implement Icmpv6, including neighbor discovery,
router solicitation, DAD
<li> new applications Ping6 and Radvd
<li> routing objects Ipv6Route and Ipv6MulticastRoute
<li> routing protocols Ipv6ListRouting and Ipv6StaticRouting
<li> examples: icmpv6-redirect.cc, ping6.cc, radvd.cc, radvd-two-prefix.cc, simple-routing-ping6.cc
</ul>
</p>
</li>
<li><b>Wireless Mesh Networking models</b>
<ul>
<p>
<li> General multi-interface mesh stack infrastructure (devices/mesh module).
<li> IEEE 802.11s (Draft 3.0) model including Peering Management Protocol and HWMP.
<li> Forwarding Layer for Meshing (FLAME) protocol.
</ul>