I think --summary is a nice approach. Since I faced the same issue I can maybe share here my current Gitlab CI/CD solution using grcov in a C++ codebase.

.ctest:
    stage: test
    script:
        - ctest --test-dir ./build -j $(nproc) --no-tests=error --output-on-failure --output-junit ctest_junit.xml
        - mkdir ./build/coverage/
        - grcov ./build -s ./ --threads $(nproc) --branch --output-types html,cobertura,markdown -o ./build/coverage/ --ignore '/usr/include*' --ignore '*build*' --ignore '*lib*'
        - cat ./build/coverage/markdown.md
    coverage: /Total coverage:.*\s+(\d*\.?\d+\%)/
    artifacts:
        paths:
            - ./build/coverage/
        reports:
            junit: build/ctest_junit.xml
            coverage_report:
                coverage_format: cobertura
                path: ./build/coverage/cobertura.xml

I output as markdown and cat it to the job shell.
Then use the following regex coverage: /Total coverage:.*\s+(\d*\.?\d+\%)/ to get the values into gitlab. This was my main driver for PR #981.
I use ctest to get junit test information.
This also has cobertura information displayed correctly in gitlab web code editor, shown on MR.

output coverage summary (gitlab integration) #556

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