diff --git a/src/integrationTest/java/org/opensearch/security/privileges/ActionPrivilegesTest.java b/src/integrationTest/java/org/opensearch/security/privileges/ActionPrivilegesTest.java
index 1f60cf92d5..8618e27306 100644
--- a/src/integrationTest/java/org/opensearch/security/privileges/ActionPrivilegesTest.java
+++ b/src/integrationTest/java/org/opensearch/security/privileges/ActionPrivilegesTest.java
@@ -929,6 +929,37 @@ public void hasExplicitIndexPrivilege_errors() throws Exception {
                     .startsWith("Exceptions encountered during privilege evaluation:\n" + "Error while evaluating role role_with_errors")
             );
         }
+
+        @Test
+        public void aliasesOnDataStreamBackingIndices() throws Exception {
+            // We create a meta data object with a data stream ds_a. Implicitly, the utility method will create
+            // the backing indices ".ds-ds_a-000001", ".ds-ds_a-000002" and ".ds-ds_a-000003".
+            // Additionally, we create an alias which only contains ".ds-ds_a-000001", but not the other backing indices.
+            Map<String, IndexAbstraction> metadata = dataStreams("ds_a").alias("alias_a").of(".ds-ds_a-000001").build().getIndicesLookup();
+            SecurityDynamicConfiguration<RoleV7> roles = SecurityDynamicConfiguration.fromYaml(
+                "role:\n"
+                    + "  index_permissions:\n"
+                    + "  - index_patterns: ['alias_a']\n"
+                    + "    allowed_actions: ['indices:data/write/index']",
+                CType.ROLES
+            );
+            ActionPrivileges subject = new ActionPrivileges(roles, FlattenedActionGroups.EMPTY, () -> metadata, Settings.EMPTY);
+            subject.updateStatefulIndexPrivileges(metadata, 2);
+
+            PrivilegesEvaluatorResponse resultForIndexCoveredByAlias = subject.hasIndexPrivilege(
+                ctx("role"),
+                Set.of("indices:data/write/index"),
+                IndexResolverReplacer.Resolved.ofIndex(".ds-ds_a-000001")
+            );
+            assertThat(resultForIndexCoveredByAlias, isAllowed());
+
+            PrivilegesEvaluatorResponse resultForIndexNotCoveredByAlias = subject.hasIndexPrivilege(
+                ctx("role"),
+                Set.of("indices:data/write/index"),
+                IndexResolverReplacer.Resolved.ofIndex(".ds-ds_a-000002")
+            );
+            assertThat(resultForIndexNotCoveredByAlias, isForbidden());
+        }
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/opensearch/security/privileges/ActionPrivileges.java b/src/main/java/org/opensearch/security/privileges/ActionPrivileges.java
index eb560ed901..f095d31b2c 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/opensearch/security/privileges/ActionPrivileges.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/opensearch/security/privileges/ActionPrivileges.java
@@ -1026,7 +1026,23 @@ static class StatefulIndexPrivileges {
                                     if (indicesEntry.getValue() instanceof IndexAbstraction.Alias) {
                                         // For aliases we additionally add the sub-indices to the privilege map
                                         for (IndexMetadata subIndex : indicesEntry.getValue().getIndices()) {
-                                            indexToRoles.get(subIndex.getIndex().getName()).add(roleName);
+                                            String subIndexName = subIndex.getIndex().getName();
+                                            // We need to check whether the subIndex is part of the global indices
+                                            // metadata map because that map has been filtered by relevantOnly().
+                                            // This method removes all closed indices and data stream backing indices
+                                            // because these indices get a separate treatment. However, these indices
+                                            // might still appear as member indices of aliases. Trying to add these
+                                            // to the SubSetBuilder indexToRoles would result in an IllegalArgumentException
+                                            // because the subIndex will not be part of the super set.
+                                            if (indices.containsKey(subIndexName)) {
+                                                indexToRoles.get(subIndexName).add(roleName);
+                                            } else {
+                                                log.debug(
+                                                    "Ignoring member index {} of alias {}. This is usually the case because the index is closed or a data stream backing index.",
+                                                    subIndexName,
+                                                    indicesEntry.getKey()
+                                                );
+                                            }
                                         }
                                     }