diff --git a/conf/bleedingEdge.neon b/conf/bleedingEdge.neon
index 22487e357c..c6c8c7fbec 100644
--- a/conf/bleedingEdge.neon
+++ b/conf/bleedingEdge.neon
@@ -6,3 +6,4 @@ parameters:
 		stricterFunctionMap: true
 		reportPreciseLineForUnusedFunctionParameter: true
 		internalTag: true
+		checkPrintfParameterTypes: true
diff --git a/conf/config.level5.neon b/conf/config.level5.neon
index fd3835fbf1..ff67944231 100644
--- a/conf/config.level5.neon
+++ b/conf/config.level5.neon
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ parameters:
 conditionalTags:
 	PHPStan\Rules\Functions\ParameterCastableToNumberRule:
 		phpstan.rules.rule: %featureToggles.checkParameterCastableToNumberFunctions%
+	PHPStan\Rules\Functions\PrintfParameterTypeRule:
+		phpstan.rules.rule: %featureToggles.checkPrintfParameterTypes%
 
 rules:
 	- PHPStan\Rules\DateTimeInstantiationRule
@@ -42,3 +44,5 @@ services:
 			- phpstan.rules.rule
 	-
 		class: PHPStan\Rules\Functions\ParameterCastableToNumberRule
+	-
+		class: PHPStan\Rules\Functions\PrintfParameterTypeRule
diff --git a/conf/config.neon b/conf/config.neon
index 7a4a43a4de..6eaa881ade 100644
--- a/conf/config.neon
+++ b/conf/config.neon
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ parameters:
 		stricterFunctionMap: false
 		reportPreciseLineForUnusedFunctionParameter: false
 		internalTag: false
+		checkPrintfParameterTypes: false
 	fileExtensions:
 		- php
 	checkAdvancedIsset: false
diff --git a/conf/parametersSchema.neon b/conf/parametersSchema.neon
index d18df776e3..43ca887191 100644
--- a/conf/parametersSchema.neon
+++ b/conf/parametersSchema.neon
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ parametersSchema:
 		stricterFunctionMap: bool()
 		reportPreciseLineForUnusedFunctionParameter: bool()
 		internalTag: bool()
+		checkPrintfParameterTypes: bool()
 	])
 	fileExtensions: listOf(string())
 	checkAdvancedIsset: bool()
diff --git a/src/Rules/Functions/PrintfHelper.php b/src/Rules/Functions/PrintfHelper.php
index a5d4571f76..ba196c3a1c 100644
--- a/src/Rules/Functions/PrintfHelper.php
+++ b/src/Rules/Functions/PrintfHelper.php
@@ -4,31 +4,104 @@
 
 use Nette\Utils\Strings;
 use PHPStan\Php\PhpVersion;
+use PHPStan\Type\ErrorType;
+use PHPStan\Type\IntegerType;
+use PHPStan\Type\Type;
 use function array_filter;
+use function array_flip;
+use function array_keys;
+use function array_map;
+use function array_reduce;
 use function count;
+use function in_array;
 use function max;
+use function sort;
 use function sprintf;
 use function strlen;
+use function usort;
 use const PREG_SET_ORDER;
 
+/** @phpstan-type AcceptingTypeString 'strict-int'|'int'|'float'|'string'|'mixed' */
 final class PrintfHelper
 {
 
+	private const PRINTF_SPECIFIER_PATTERN = '(?<specifier>[bs%s]|l?[cdeEgfFGouxX])';
+
 	public function __construct(private PhpVersion $phpVersion)
 	{
 	}
 
 	public function getPrintfPlaceholdersCount(string $format): int
 	{
-		return $this->getPlaceholdersCount('(?:[bs%s]|l?[cdeEgfFGouxX])', $format);
+		return $this->getPlaceholdersCount(self::PRINTF_SPECIFIER_PATTERN, $format);
+	}
+
+	/** @return array<int, array{string, callable(Type): bool}> position => [type name, matches callback] */
+	public function getPrintfPlaceholderAcceptingTypes(string $format): array
+	{
+		$placeholders = $this->parsePlaceholders(self::PRINTF_SPECIFIER_PATTERN, $format);
+		$result = [];
+		// Type on the left can go to the type on the right, but not vice versa.
+		$typeSequenceMap = array_flip(['int', 'float', 'string', 'mixed']);
+
+		foreach ($placeholders as $position => $types) {
+			sort($types);
+			$typeNames = array_map(
+				static fn (string $t) => $t === 'strict-int'
+					? 'int'
+					: $t,
+				$types,
+			);
+			$typeName = array_reduce(
+				$typeNames,
+				static fn (string $carry, string $type) => $typeSequenceMap[$carry] < $typeSequenceMap[$type]
+					? $carry
+					: $type,
+				'mixed',
+			);
+			$result[$position] = [
+				$typeName,
+				static function (Type $t) use ($types): bool {
+					foreach ($types as $acceptingType) {
+						switch ($acceptingType) {
+							case 'strict-int':
+								$subresult = (new IntegerType())->accepts($t, true)->yes();
+								break;
+							case 'int':
+								$subresult = ! $t->toInteger() instanceof ErrorType;
+								break;
+							case 'float':
+								$subresult = ! $t->toFloat() instanceof ErrorType;
+								break;
+							// The function signature already limits the parameters to stringable types, so there's
+							// no point in checking string again here.
+							case 'string':
+							case 'mixed':
+							default:
+								$subresult = true;
+								break;
+						}
+
+						if (!$subresult) {
+							return false;
+						}
+					}
+
+					return true;
+				},
+			];
+		}
+
+		return $result;
 	}
 
 	public function getScanfPlaceholdersCount(string $format): int
 	{
-		return $this->getPlaceholdersCount('(?:[cdDeEfinosuxX%s]|\[[^\]]+\])', $format);
+		return $this->getPlaceholdersCount('(?<specifier>[cdDeEfinosuxX%s]|\[[^\]]+\])', $format);
 	}
 
-	private function getPlaceholdersCount(string $specifiersPattern, string $format): int
+	/** @phpstan-return array<int, non-empty-list<AcceptingTypeString>> position => type */
+	private function parsePlaceholders(string $specifiersPattern, string $format): array
 	{
 		$addSpecifier = '';
 		if ($this->phpVersion->supportsHhPrintfSpecifier()) {
@@ -42,34 +115,72 @@ private function getPlaceholdersCount(string $specifiersPattern, string $format)
 		$matches = Strings::matchAll($format, $pattern, PREG_SET_ORDER);
 
 		if (count($matches) === 0) {
-			return 0;
+			return [];
 		}
 
 		$placeholders = array_filter($matches, static fn (array $match): bool => strlen($match['before']) % 2 === 0);
 
-		if (count($placeholders) === 0) {
-			return 0;
-		}
+		$result = [];
+		$positionalPlaceholders = [];
+		$idx = 0;
 
-		$maxPositionedNumber = 0;
-		$maxOrdinaryNumber = 0;
 		foreach ($placeholders as $placeholder) {
 			if (isset($placeholder['width']) && $placeholder['width'] !== '') {
-				$maxOrdinaryNumber++;
+				$result[$idx++] = ['strict-int' => 1];
 			}
 
 			if (isset($placeholder['precision']) && $placeholder['precision'] !== '') {
-				$maxOrdinaryNumber++;
+				$result[$idx++] = ['strict-int' => 1];
 			}
 
 			if (isset($placeholder['position']) && $placeholder['position'] !== '') {
-				$maxPositionedNumber = max((int) $placeholder['position'], $maxPositionedNumber);
-			} else {
-				$maxOrdinaryNumber++;
+				// It may reference future position, so we have to process them later.
+				$positionalPlaceholders[] = $placeholder;
+				continue;
 			}
+
+			$result[$idx++][$this->getAcceptingTypeBySpecifier($placeholder['specifier'] ?? '')] = 1;
+		}
+
+		usort(
+			$positionalPlaceholders,
+			static fn (array $a, array $b) => (int) $a['position'] <=> (int) $b['position'],
+		);
+
+		foreach ($positionalPlaceholders as $placeholder) {
+			$idx = $placeholder['position'] - 1;
+			$result[$idx][$this->getAcceptingTypeBySpecifier($placeholder['specifier'] ?? '')] = 1;
+		}
+
+		return array_map(static fn (array $a) => array_keys($a), $result);
+	}
+
+	/** @phpstan-return 'string'|'int'|'float'|'mixed' */
+	private function getAcceptingTypeBySpecifier(string $specifier): string
+	{
+		if ($specifier === 's') {
+			return 'string';
 		}
 
-		return max($maxPositionedNumber, $maxOrdinaryNumber);
+		if (in_array($specifier, ['d', 'u', 'c', 'o', 'x', 'X', 'b'], true)) {
+			return 'int';
+		}
+
+		if (in_array($specifier, ['e', 'E', 'f', 'F', 'g', 'G', 'h', 'H'], true)) {
+			return 'float';
+		}
+
+		return 'mixed';
+	}
+
+	private function getPlaceholdersCount(string $specifiersPattern, string $format): int
+	{
+		$paramIndices = array_keys($this->parsePlaceholders($specifiersPattern, $format));
+
+		return $paramIndices === []
+			? 0
+			// The indices start from 0
+			: max($paramIndices) + 1;
 	}
 
 }
diff --git a/src/Rules/Functions/PrintfParameterTypeRule.php b/src/Rules/Functions/PrintfParameterTypeRule.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0821afb019
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Rules/Functions/PrintfParameterTypeRule.php
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+<?php declare(strict_types = 1);
+
+namespace PHPStan\Rules\Functions;
+
+use PhpParser\Node;
+use PHPStan\Analyser\Scope;
+use PHPStan\Reflection\ReflectionProvider;
+use PHPStan\Rules\Rule;
+use PHPStan\Rules\RuleErrorBuilder;
+use PHPStan\Rules\RuleLevelHelper;
+use PHPStan\Type\BooleanType;
+use PHPStan\Type\ErrorType;
+use PHPStan\Type\FloatType;
+use PHPStan\Type\IntegerType;
+use PHPStan\Type\NullType;
+use PHPStan\Type\StringAlwaysAcceptingObjectWithToStringType;
+use PHPStan\Type\TypeCombinator;
+use PHPStan\Type\VerbosityLevel;
+use function array_key_exists;
+use function count;
+use function sprintf;
+
+/**
+ * @implements Rule<Node\Expr\FuncCall>
+ */
+final class PrintfParameterTypeRule implements Rule
+{
+
+	private const FORMAT_ARGUMENT_POSITIONS = [
+		'printf' => 0,
+		'sprintf' => 0,
+		'fprintf' => 1,
+	];
+	private const MINIMUM_NUMBER_OF_ARGUMENTS = [
+		'printf' => 1,
+		'sprintf' => 1,
+		'fprintf' => 2,
+	];
+
+	public function __construct(
+		private PrintfHelper $printfHelper,
+		private ReflectionProvider $reflectionProvider,
+		private RuleLevelHelper $ruleLevelHelper,
+	)
+	{
+	}
+
+	public function getNodeType(): string
+	{
+		return Node\Expr\FuncCall::class;
+	}
+
+	public function processNode(Node $node, Scope $scope): array
+	{
+		if (!($node->name instanceof Node\Name)) {
+			return [];
+		}
+
+		if (!$this->reflectionProvider->hasFunction($node->name, $scope)) {
+			return [];
+		}
+
+		$functionReflection = $this->reflectionProvider->getFunction($node->name, $scope);
+		$name = $functionReflection->getName();
+		if (!array_key_exists($name, self::FORMAT_ARGUMENT_POSITIONS)) {
+			return [];
+		}
+
+		$formatArgumentPosition = self::FORMAT_ARGUMENT_POSITIONS[$name];
+
+		$args = $node->getArgs();
+		foreach ($args as $arg) {
+			if ($arg->unpack) {
+				return [];
+			}
+		}
+		$argsCount = count($args);
+		if ($argsCount < self::MINIMUM_NUMBER_OF_ARGUMENTS[$name]) {
+			return []; // caught by CallToFunctionParametersRule
+		}
+
+		$formatArgType = $scope->getType($args[$formatArgumentPosition]->value);
+		$formatArgTypeStrings = $formatArgType->getConstantStrings();
+
+		// Let's start simple for now.
+		if (count($formatArgTypeStrings) !== 1) {
+			return [];
+		}
+
+		$formatString = $formatArgTypeStrings[0];
+		$format = $formatString->getValue();
+		$acceptingTypes = $this->printfHelper->getPrintfPlaceholderAcceptingTypes($format);
+		$errors = [];
+		$typeAllowedByCallToFunctionParametersRule = TypeCombinator::union(
+			new StringAlwaysAcceptingObjectWithToStringType(),
+			new IntegerType(),
+			new FloatType(),
+			new BooleanType(),
+			new NullType(),
+		);
+
+		for ($i = $formatArgumentPosition + 1, $j = 0; $i < $argsCount; $i++, $j++) {
+			// Some arguments may be skipped entirely.
+			if (! array_key_exists($j, $acceptingTypes)) {
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			[$acceptingName, $acceptingCb] = $acceptingTypes[$j];
+			$argType = $this->ruleLevelHelper->findTypeToCheck(
+				$scope,
+				$args[$i]->value,
+				'',
+				$acceptingCb,
+			)->getType();
+
+			if ($argType instanceof ErrorType || $acceptingCb($argType)) {
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			// This is already reported by CallToFunctionParametersRule
+			if (
+				!$this->ruleLevelHelper->accepts(
+					$typeAllowedByCallToFunctionParametersRule,
+					$argType,
+					$scope->isDeclareStrictTypes(),
+				)->result
+			) {
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			$errors[] = RuleErrorBuilder::message(
+				sprintf(
+					'Placeholder #%d of function %s expects %s, %s given',
+					$j + 1,
+					$name,
+					$acceptingName,
+					$argType->describe(VerbosityLevel::typeOnly()),
+				),
+			)->identifier('argument.type')->build();
+		}
+
+		return $errors;
+	}
+
+}
diff --git a/tests/PHPStan/Rules/Functions/PrintfParameterTypeRuleTest.php b/tests/PHPStan/Rules/Functions/PrintfParameterTypeRuleTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7fc45e4385
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/PHPStan/Rules/Functions/PrintfParameterTypeRuleTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+<?php declare(strict_types = 1);
+
+namespace PHPStan\Rules\Functions;
+
+use PHPStan\Php\PhpVersion;
+use PHPStan\Rules\Rule;
+use PHPStan\Rules\RuleLevelHelper;
+use PHPStan\Testing\RuleTestCase;
+use const PHP_VERSION_ID;
+
+/**
+ * @extends RuleTestCase<PrintfParameterTypeRule>
+ */
+class PrintfParameterTypeRuleTest extends RuleTestCase
+{
+
+	protected function getRule(): Rule
+	{
+		$reflectionProvider = $this->createReflectionProvider();
+		return new PrintfParameterTypeRule(
+			new PrintfHelper(new PhpVersion(PHP_VERSION_ID)),
+			$reflectionProvider,
+			new RuleLevelHelper(
+				$reflectionProvider,
+				true,
+				false,
+				true,
+				true,
+				true,
+				true,
+				false,
+			),
+		);
+	}
+
+	public function test(): void
+	{
+		$this->analyse([__DIR__ . '/data/printf-param-types.php'], [
+			[
+				'Placeholder #1 of function printf expects int, PrintfParamTypes\\FooStringable given',
+				15,
+			],
+			[
+				'Placeholder #1 of function printf expects int, int|PrintfParamTypes\\FooStringable given',
+				16,
+			],
+			[
+				'Placeholder #1 of function printf expects float, PrintfParamTypes\\FooStringable given',
+				17,
+			],
+			[
+				'Placeholder #1 of function sprintf expects int, PrintfParamTypes\\FooStringable given',
+				18,
+			],
+			[
+				'Placeholder #1 of function fprintf expects float, PrintfParamTypes\\FooStringable given',
+				19,
+			],
+			[
+				'Placeholder #1 of function printf expects int, string given',
+				20,
+			],
+			[
+				'Placeholder #1 of function printf expects int, float given',
+				21,
+			],
+			[
+				'Placeholder #1 of function printf expects int, SimpleXMLElement given',
+				22,
+			],
+			[
+				'Placeholder #1 of function printf expects int, null given',
+				23,
+			],
+			[
+				'Placeholder #1 of function printf expects int, true given',
+				24,
+			],
+			[
+				'Placeholder #1 of function printf expects int, string given',
+				25,
+			],
+			[
+				'Placeholder #1 of function printf expects int, string given',
+				26,
+			],
+			[
+				'Placeholder #1 of function printf expects float, PrintfParamTypes\\FooStringable given',
+				27,
+			],
+			[
+				'Placeholder #1 of function printf expects float, PrintfParamTypes\\FooStringable given',
+				28,
+			],
+			[
+				'Placeholder #3 of function printf expects float, PrintfParamTypes\\FooStringable given',
+				29,
+			],
+		]);
+	}
+
+}
diff --git a/tests/PHPStan/Rules/Functions/data/printf-param-types.php b/tests/PHPStan/Rules/Functions/data/printf-param-types.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6c1c2142af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/PHPStan/Rules/Functions/data/printf-param-types.php
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+<?php declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace PrintfParamTypes;
+
+class FooStringable implements \Stringable
+{
+	public function __toString(): string
+	{
+		return 'foo';
+	}
+}
+
+$stream = fopen('php://stdout', 'w');
+// Error
+printf('%d', new FooStringable());
+printf('%d', rand() ? new FooStringable() : 5);
+printf('%f', new FooStringable());
+echo sprintf('%d', new FooStringable());
+fprintf($stream, '%f', new FooStringable());
+printf('%*s', '5', 'a');
+printf('%*s', 5.0, 'a');
+printf('%*s', new \SimpleXMLElement('<a>7</a>'), 'a');
+printf('%*s', null, 'a');
+printf('%*s', true, 'a');
+printf('%.*s', '5', 'a');
+printf('%2$s %3$.*s', '1', 5, 'a'); // * is the first ordinary placeholder, so it matches '1'
+printf('%1$-\'X10.2f', new FooStringable());
+printf('%s %1$*.*f', new FooStringable(), 5, 2);
+printf('%3$f', 1, 2, new FooStringable());
+
+// Strict error
+printf('%d', 1.23);
+printf('%d', rand() ? 1.23 : 1);
+printf('%d', 'a');
+printf('%d', '1.23');
+printf('%d', null);
+printf('%d', true);
+printf('%d', new \SimpleXMLElement('<a>aaa</a>'));
+
+printf('%f', 'a');
+printf('%f', null);
+printf('%f', true);
+printf('%f', new \SimpleXMLElement('<a>aaa</a>'));
+
+printf('%s', null);
+printf('%s', true);
+
+// Error, but already reported by CallToFunctionParametersRule
+printf('%d', new \stdClass());
+printf('%s', []);
+
+// Error, but already reported by PrintfParametersRule
+printf('%s');
+printf('%s', 1, 2);
+
+// OK
+printf('%s', 'a');
+printf('%s', new FooStringable());
+printf('%d', 1);
+printf('%f', 1);
+printf('%f', 1.1);
+printf('%*s', 5, 'a');
+printf('%2$*s', 5, 'a');
+printf('%s %2$*s', 'a', 5, 'a');
+printf('%1$-+\'X10.2f', 5);
+printf('%1$*.*f %s %2$d', 5, 6, new FooStringable()); // 5.000000 foo 6