What is the solution for resolving EXC_BAD_ACCESS (code=2, address=0x16dbd3fd0) when using stack-based navigation with many registered paths

[Chang-Geun-Ryu]

In my case, targeting iOS 17 and using Stack-based navigation, the issue occurs when I register 41 "@Reducer enum Path" instances, the app works fine, but when registering 42 instances, I encounter EXC_BAD_ACCESS (code=2, address=0x16dbd3fd0).

Is there a limit to how many more I can register?

@Reducer
  enum Path {
    case register(RegistFeature)
    case searchInfo(SearchInfoFeature)
    case medicalInfo(MedicalInfoFeature)
    case drugInfo(DrugInfoFeature)
    case checkImage(CheckImageFeature)
    case scanSubscription(ScanSubscriptionFeature)
    case addPillNote(PillNoteRegistrationFeature)
    case searchPillNote(SearchPillNoteFeature)
    case medicationRemider(MedicationRemiderFeature)
    case setTime(SetTimeFeature)
    case medicationManagementVideo(MedicationManagementVideoFeature)
    case medicationManageMontImage(MedicationManageMontImageFeature)
    case compliance(ComplianceFeature)
    case alarmDetail(AlarmDetailFeature)
    case login(LoginFeature)
    case join(JoinFeature)
    case insertJoinInfo(InsertJoinInfomationFeature)
    case term(TermFeature)
    case doneJoin(DoneJoinFeature)
    case resetPasswordRepeat(ResetPasswordRepeatFeature)
    case resetCheckCurrentPassword(ResetPasswordCurrentCheckFeature)
    case resetTmpPassword(ResetPasswordTemporarilyFeature)
    case resetPassword(ResetPasswordFeature)
    case setting(SettingFeatures)
    case memberWithdrawalAgree(MemberWithdrawalAgreeFeature)
    case memberWithdrawal(MemberWithdrawalFeature)
    case termsAndPolcy(TermsAndPolicyFeature)
    case noticeContent(NoticeContentFeature)
    case noticeBoard(NoticeBoardFeature)
    case myInfomation(MyInfomationFeature)
    case drugWebView(DrugWebViewFeature)
    case consult(ConsultFeature)
    case makeHealthNote(MakeHealthNoteFeature)
    case familyHealthNoteManage(FamilyManageFeature)
    case myHealthNote(MyHealthNoteFeature)
    case sideEffect(SideEffectFeature)
    case symptomSelect(SymptomSelectFeature)
    case symptomLevel(SymptomLevelFeature)
    case addSideEffect(AddSideEffectFeature)
    case addedSymptoms(AddedSymptomsFeature)
    case webView(WebViewFeature)
    case notification(NotificationFeature)
    case test(TestFeature)
  }

[mbrandonw]

Hi @Chang-Geun-Ryu, well, that is quite the complex feature. 🙂

There's a chance that it's just not possible to have that many features in a path, but in order for us to experiment with a fix we would need a sample project that reproduces the problem. Can you help us with that?

[jaanussiim]

Did run into same issue. As a temporary workaround combined/reused some feature flow loading screens to reduce number of path cases. Generated an example. Just press 'Push'

Running on an iPhone 12, iOS 17.5.1

Edit: when I build it in release configuration for Instruments, it runs fine 🤷‍♂️

import ComposableArchitecture
import SwiftUI

@main
struct TheComposablePathApp: App {
  @Bindable var store = Store(initialState: Application.State(), reducer: Application.init)
  
  var body: some Scene {
    WindowGroup {
      NavigationStack(
        path: $store.scope(state: \.path, action: \.path),
        root: {
          RootView(store: store.scope(state: \.rootState, action: \.root))
        },
        destination: { store in
          switch store.case {
          case .child(let store):
            ChildView(store: store)
          default:
            EmptyView()
          }
        }
      )
    }
  }
}

@Reducer
public struct Application {
  @ObservableState
  public struct State: Equatable {
    internal var rootState = Root.State()
    internal var path = StackState<Path.State>()
    
    public init() {
      
    }
  }
  
  public enum Action {
    case path(StackAction<Path.State, Path.Action>)
    case root(Root.Action)
    
    case removeElement
  }
  
  public init() {
    
  }
  
  @Dependency(\.continuousClock) var clock
  
  public var body: some ReducerOf<Self> {
    Reduce {
      state, action in
      
      switch action {
      case .path(.element(let id, action: .child(.drop))):
        return .none
        
      case .path(.element(let id, action: .child(.push))):
        state.path.append(.child(Child.State(number: state.path.ids.count)))
        return .none
        
      case .root(.push):
        state.path.append(.child(Child.State(number: state.path.ids.count)))
        return .none
        
      case .removeElement:
        let removed = state.path.ids[state.path.ids.count - 2]
        guard let index = state.path.ids.firstIndex(of: removed) else {
          return .none
        }
        
        state.path.removeSubrange(index...index)
        return .none
        
      case .path:
        return .none
        
      case .root:
        return .none
      }
    }
    ._printChanges()
    .forEach(\.path, action: \.path)
    Scope(state: \.rootState, action: \.root) {
      Root()
    }
  }
  
  @Reducer(state: .equatable)
  public enum Path {
    case child(Child)
    case child2(Child)
    case child3(Child)
    case child4(Child)
    case child5(Child)
    case child6(Child)
    case child7(Child)
    case child8(Child)
    case child9(Child)
    case child10(Child)
    case child11(Child)
    case child12(Child)
    case child13(Child)
    case child14(Child)
    case child15(Child)
    case child16(Child)
    case child17(Child)
    case child18(Child)
    case child19(Child)
    case child110(Child)
    case child21(Child)
    case child22(Child)
    case child23(Child)
    case child24(Child)
    case child25(Child)
    case child26(Child)
    case child27(Child)
    case child28(Child)
    case child29(Child)
    case child210(Child)
    case child31(Child)
    case child32(Child)
    case child33(Child)
    case child34(Child)
    case child35(Child)
    case child36(Child)
    case child37(Child)
    case child38(Child)
    case child39(Child)
    case child310(Child)
    case child41(Child)
    case child42(Child)
    case child43(Child)
    case child44(Child)
    case child45(Child)
    case child46(Child)
    case child47(Child)
    case child48(Child)
    case child49(Child)
    case child410(Child)
    case featureCat(FeatureCat)
    case featureDog(FeatureDog)
    case featureFish(FeatureFish)
    case featureBird(FeatureBird)
    case featureTree(FeatureTree)
    case featureLeaf(FeatureLeaf)
    case featureStar(FeatureStar)
    case featureMoon(FeatureMoon)
    case featureSun(FeatureSun)
    case featureSky(FeatureSky)
    case featureHill(FeatureHill)
    case featureRock(FeatureRock)
    case featureRiver(FeatureRiver)
    case featureLake(FeatureLake)
    case featureBoat(FeatureBoat)
    case featureShip(FeatureShip)
    case featureWave(FeatureWave)
    case featureWind(FeatureWind)
    case featureRain(FeatureRain)
    case featureSnow(FeatureSnow)
    case featureCloud(FeatureCloud)
    case featureStorm(FeatureStorm)
    case featureFog(FeatureFog)
    case featureMist(FeatureMist)
    case featureDew(FeatureDew)
    case featureFrost(FeatureFrost)
    case featureIce(FeatureIce)
    case featureFire(FeatureFire)
    case featureAsh(FeatureAsh)
    case featureEmber(FeatureEmber)
    case featureFlame(FeatureFlame)
    case featureGlow(FeatureGlow)
    case featureSpark(FeatureSpark)
    case featureBolt(FeatureBolt)
    case featureFlash(FeatureFlash)
    case featureBlaze(FeatureBlaze)
    case featureLava(FeatureLava)
    case featureSmoke(FeatureSmoke)
    case featureSteam(FeatureSteam)
    case featureSand(FeatureSand)
    case featureClay(FeatureClay)
    case featureStone(FeatureStone)
    case featureGem(FeatureGem)
    case featureJewel(FeatureJewel)
    case featureGold(FeatureGold)
    case featureIron(FeatureIron)
    case featureCopper(FeatureCopper)
    case featureBronze(FeatureBronze)
    case featureSilver(FeatureSilver)
    case featurePlatinum(FeaturePlatinum)
    case featureMercury(FeatureMercury)
    case featureZinc(FeatureZinc)
    case featureBrass(FeatureBrass)
    case featureSteel(FeatureSteel)
    case featureTin(FeatureTin)
  }
}

@Reducer
public struct Root {
  public struct State: Equatable {
    public init() {
      
    }
  }
  
  public enum Action {
    case push
  }
  
  public init() {
    
  }
  
  public var body: some ReducerOf<Self> {
    Reduce {
      state, action in
      
      switch action {
      case .push:
        return .none
      }
    }
  }
}

public struct RootView: View {
  private let store: StoreOf<Root>
  
  public init(store: StoreOf<Root>) {
    self.store = store
  }
  
  public var body: some View {
    Button(action: { store.send(.push) }, label: {
      Text("Push")
    })
  }
}

import ComposableArchitecture

@Reducer
public struct Child {
  @ObservableState
  public struct State: Equatable {
    let number: Int
    public init(number: Int) {
      self.number = number
    }
  }
  
  public enum Action {
    case drop
    case push
  }
  
  public init() {
    
  }
  
  public var body: some ReducerOf<Self> {
    Reduce {
      state, action in
      
      switch action {
      case .drop:
        return .none
      
      case .push:
        return .none
      }
    }
  }
}

import ComposableArchitecture
import SwiftUI

public struct ChildView: View {
  private let store: StoreOf<Child>
  
  public init(store: StoreOf<Child>) {
    self.store = store
  }
  
  public var body: some View {
    VStack {
      Text(String(describing: store.number))
      Button(action: { store.send(.push) }, label: {
        Text("Push")
      })
      Button(action: { store.send(.drop) }, label: {
        Text("Drop")
      })
    }
  }
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureOne {
  
}

public struct FeatureOneView: View {
  public var body: some View {
    Text("FeatureViewOne")
  }
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureCat {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureDog {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureFish {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureBird {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureTree {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureLeaf {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureStar {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureMoon {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureSun {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureSky {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureHill {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureRock {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureRiver {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureLake {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureBoat {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureShip {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureWave {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureWind {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureRain {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureSnow {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureCloud {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureStorm {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureFog {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureMist {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureDew {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureFrost {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureIce {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureFire {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureAsh {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureEmber {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureFlame {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureGlow {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureSpark {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureBolt {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureFlash {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureBlaze {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureLava {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureSmoke {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureSteam {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureSand {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureClay {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureStone {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureGem {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureJewel {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureGold {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureIron {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureCopper {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureBronze {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureSilver {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeaturePlatinum {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureMercury {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureZinc {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureBrass {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureSteel {
  
}

@Reducer
public struct FeatureTin {
  
}

[mbrandonw]

Hi @jaanussiim, thanks for the repro. It shouldn't be too surprising that it works in release since a lot more stack frames are inlined in release, and hence less of a chance to overflow the stack.

You could try increasing the stack size when building your app for DEBUG to see if that helps.

[jaanussiim]

Checked out a commit that was not running. Increased stack size for debug build to 256MB. With this it did run in debug mode 👍

To increase stack size: Build settings -> Other Linker Flags -> -Wl,-stack_size,0x10000000

[qwerty3345]

@jaanussiim

Hi, I was wondering if you could help me with how you applied the option to increase the stack size in the debug build you mentioned?
I applied that option to the other link flags in the main app target,
when I apply it to the Release, the stack size increases normally,
but when I apply it to the Debug, I get an error and failed to compile.
(Error: -stack_size option can only be used when linking a main executable)

[jaanussiim]

I couldn't figure out how to use '-stack_size' with Xcode 16. Fortunately, moving one case out of the path got app running in debug mode again.

[qwerty3345]

oh.. that might be Xcode 16 problem.
In my case, I'm stuck with having to add one more path. 😭
thank you for reply!

[plaps153]

My case is the same. Additionally, it doesn't reproduce in the release version and simulator. This issue is even more confusing since it started occurring after updating to 1.12.1.

[mbrandonw]

This issue is even more confusing since it started occurring after updating to 1.12.1.

Hi @plaps153, what version were you using prior to 1.12.1?

[plaps153]

Hi, @mbrandonw it was 1.11.2.

[jaanussiim]

It looks like there is a workaround for using -stack_size in Xcode 16.3 RC

Using the -stack_size linker flag for an app bundle target may fail. Set ENABLE_DEBUG_DYLIB=NO as a workaround. (135877478) (FB15112909)

https://developer.apple.com/documentation/xcode-release-notes/xcode-16_3-release-notes