diff --git a/imports/build.go b/imports/build.go
index 9e1f41b6..5fd0106e 100644
--- a/imports/build.go
+++ b/imports/build.go
@@ -195,17 +195,28 @@ func MatchFile(name string, tags map[string]bool) bool {
 	return true
 }
 
-var KnownOS = make(map[string]bool)
-var KnownArch = make(map[string]bool)
+var (
+	KnownOS   = make(map[string]bool)
+	UnixOS    = make(map[string]bool)
+	KnownArch = make(map[string]bool)
+)
 
 func init() {
 	for _, v := range strings.Fields(goosList) {
 		KnownOS[v] = true
 	}
+	for _, v := range strings.Fields(unixList) {
+		UnixOS[v] = true
+	}
 	for _, v := range strings.Fields(goarchList) {
 		KnownArch[v] = true
 	}
 }
 
-const goosList = "aix android darwin dragonfly freebsd hurd illumos ios js linux nacl netbsd openbsd plan9 solaris windows zos "
-const goarchList = "386 amd64 amd64p32 arm armbe arm64 arm64be loong64 mips mipsle mips64 mips64le mips64p32 mips64p32le ppc ppc64 ppc64le riscv riscv64 s390 s390x sparc sparc64 wasm "
+// These values come from Go's src/go/build/syslist.go and should be kept in
+// sync with that file.
+const (
+	goosList   = "aix android darwin dragonfly freebsd hurd illumos ios js linux nacl netbsd openbsd plan9 solaris windows zos "
+	unixList   = "aix android darwin dragonfly freebsd hurd illumos ios linux netbsd openbsd solaris "
+	goarchList = "386 amd64 amd64p32 arm armbe arm64 arm64be loong64 mips mipsle mips64 mips64le mips64p32 mips64p32le ppc ppc64 ppc64le riscv riscv64 s390 s390x sparc sparc64 wasm "
+)
diff --git a/testscript/doc.go b/testscript/doc.go
index 10ae6ace..5cee2023 100644
--- a/testscript/doc.go
+++ b/testscript/doc.go
@@ -108,6 +108,12 @@ should only run when the condition is satisfied. The predefined conditions are:
  - [gc] for whether Go was built with gc
  - [gccgo] for whether Go was built with gccgo
  - [go1.x] for whether the Go version is 1.x or later
+ - [unix] for whether the OS is Unix-like (that is, would match the 'unix' build
+   constraint)
+
+Any known values of GOOS and GOARCH can also be used as conditions. They will be
+satisfied if the target OS or architecture match the specified value. For example,
+the condition [darwin] is true if GOOS=darwin, and [amd64] is true if GOARCH=amd64.
 
 A condition can be negated: [!short] means to run the rest of the line
 when testing.Short() is false.
diff --git a/testscript/testdata/cond.txt b/testscript/testdata/cond.txt
index 60b62c2a..05612d64 100644
--- a/testscript/testdata/cond.txt
+++ b/testscript/testdata/cond.txt
@@ -1,11 +1,23 @@
-[!exec:sh] skip 'sh not found in $PATH'
-
 # test that exactly one of gc and gccgo is set
-[gc] exec sh -c 'echo gc >> go-compiler'
-[gccgo] exec sh -c 'echo gccgo >> go-compiler'
-grep '\A(gc|gccgo)\n\z' go-compiler
+[gc] mkdir gc_true
+[gccgo] mkdir gccgo_true
+
+[gc] ! exists gccgo_true
+[!gc] exists gccgo_true
+[gccgo] ! exists gc_true
+[!gccgo] exists gc_true
 
 # test that go version build tags are set
-[go1.1] exec sh -c 'echo go1.1 >> go-version'
-[go2.1] exec sh -c 'echo go2.1 >> go-version'
-grep '\Ago1\.1\n\z' go-version
\ No newline at end of file
+[go1.1] mkdir go1.x
+[go2.1] mkdir go2.x
+
+exists go1.x
+! exists go2.x
+
+# unix should be true on Linux and MacOS, but not on Windows.
+# Both platforms are tested on CI.
+[unix] mkdir unix_true
+
+[linux] exists unix_true
+[darwin] exists unix_true
+[windows] ! exists unix_true
diff --git a/testscript/testscript.go b/testscript/testscript.go
index bd05977a..a04ca81d 100644
--- a/testscript/testscript.go
+++ b/testscript/testscript.go
@@ -601,6 +601,8 @@ func (ts *TestScript) condition(cond string) (bool, error) {
 		return testenv.HasSymlink(), nil
 	case imports.KnownOS[cond]:
 		return cond == runtime.GOOS, nil
+	case cond == "unix":
+		return imports.UnixOS[runtime.GOOS], nil
 	case imports.KnownArch[cond]:
 		return cond == runtime.GOARCH, nil
 	case strings.HasPrefix(cond, "exec:"):