NEWS CLASSIFICATIONS.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Fake news Detection"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "",
     "evalue": "",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;31mRunning cells with 'Python 3.9.1 64-bit' requires ipykernel package.\n",
      "\u001b[1;31mRun the following command to install 'ipykernel' into the Python environment. \n",
      "\u001b[1;31mCommand: 'c:/Users/hp/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python39/python.exe -m pip install ipykernel -U --user --force-reinstall'"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import pandas as pd\n",
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "import seaborn as sns\n",
    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
    "from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split\n",
    "from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score\n",
    "from sklearn.metrics import classification_report\n",
    "import re\n",
    "import string"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Inserting fake and real dataset"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df_fake = pd.read_csv(\"E:/Industrial Training/Intership Python/News Classification/fake.csv\")\n",
    "df_true = pd.read_csv(\"E:/Industrial Training/Intership Python/News Classification/real.csv\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
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       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>title</th>\n",
       "      <th>text</th>\n",
       "      <th>subject</th>\n",
       "      <th>date</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>Donald Trump Sends Out Embarrassing New Year’...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Donald Trump just couldn t wish all Americans ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>News</td>\n",
       "      <td>December 31, 2017</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>Drunk Bragging Trump Staffer Started Russian ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>House Intelligence Committee Chairman Devin Nu...</td>\n",
       "      <td>News</td>\n",
       "      <td>December 31, 2017</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>Sheriff David Clarke Becomes An Internet Joke...</td>\n",
       "      <td>On Friday, it was revealed that former Milwauk...</td>\n",
       "      <td>News</td>\n",
       "      <td>December 30, 2017</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>Trump Is So Obsessed He Even Has Obama’s Name...</td>\n",
       "      <td>On Christmas day, Donald Trump announced that ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>News</td>\n",
       "      <td>December 29, 2017</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>Pope Francis Just Called Out Donald Trump Dur...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pope Francis used his annual Christmas Day mes...</td>\n",
       "      <td>News</td>\n",
       "      <td>December 25, 2017</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
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      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                                               title  \\\n",
       "0   Donald Trump Sends Out Embarrassing New Year’...   \n",
       "1   Drunk Bragging Trump Staffer Started Russian ...   \n",
       "2   Sheriff David Clarke Becomes An Internet Joke...   \n",
       "3   Trump Is So Obsessed He Even Has Obama’s Name...   \n",
       "4   Pope Francis Just Called Out Donald Trump Dur...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                text subject  \\\n",
       "0  Donald Trump just couldn t wish all Americans ...    News   \n",
       "1  House Intelligence Committee Chairman Devin Nu...    News   \n",
       "2  On Friday, it was revealed that former Milwauk...    News   \n",
       "3  On Christmas day, Donald Trump announced that ...    News   \n",
       "4  Pope Francis used his annual Christmas Day mes...    News   \n",
       "\n",
       "                date  \n",
       "0  December 31, 2017  \n",
       "1  December 31, 2017  \n",
       "2  December 30, 2017  \n",
       "3  December 29, 2017  \n",
       "4  December 25, 2017  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df_fake.head(5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
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       "      <th>date</th>\n",
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       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>As U.S. budget fight looms, Republicans flip t...</td>\n",
       "      <td>WASHINGTON (Reuters) - The head of a conservat...</td>\n",
       "      <td>politicsNews</td>\n",
       "      <td>December 31, 2017</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
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       "      <td>WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Transgender people will...</td>\n",
       "      <td>politicsNews</td>\n",
       "      <td>December 29, 2017</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>Senior U.S. Republican senator: 'Let Mr. Muell...</td>\n",
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       "      <th>3</th>\n",
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       "      <td>December 30, 2017</td>\n",
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       "      <th>4</th>\n",
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       "                                               title  \\\n",
       "0  As U.S. budget fight looms, Republicans flip t...   \n",
       "1  U.S. military to accept transgender recruits o...   \n",
       "2  Senior U.S. Republican senator: 'Let Mr. Muell...   \n",
       "3  FBI Russia probe helped by Australian diplomat...   \n",
       "4  Trump wants Postal Service to charge 'much mor...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                text       subject  \\\n",
       "0  WASHINGTON (Reuters) - The head of a conservat...  politicsNews   \n",
       "1  WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Transgender people will...  politicsNews   \n",
       "2  WASHINGTON (Reuters) - The special counsel inv...  politicsNews   \n",
       "3  WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Trump campaign adviser ...  politicsNews   \n",
       "4  SEATTLE/WASHINGTON (Reuters) - President Donal...  politicsNews   \n",
       "\n",
       "                 date  \n",
       "0  December 31, 2017   \n",
       "1  December 29, 2017   \n",
       "2  December 31, 2017   \n",
       "3  December 30, 2017   \n",
       "4  December 29, 2017   "
      ]
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     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
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   ],
   "source": [
    "df_true.head(5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Inserting a column called \"class\" for fake and real news dataset to categories fake and true news. "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df_fake[\"class\"] = 0\n",
    "df_true[\"class\"] = 1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Removing last 10 rows from both the dataset, for manual testing  "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "((23481, 5), (21417, 5))"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df_fake.shape, df_true.shape"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df_fake_manual_testing = df_fake.tail(10)\n",
    "for i in range(23480,23470,-1):\n",
    "    df_fake.drop([i], axis = 0, inplace = True)\n",
    "df_true_manual_testing = df_true.tail(10)\n",
    "for i in range(21416,21406,-1):\n",
    "    df_true.drop([i], axis = 0, inplace = True)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "((23471, 5), (21407, 5))"
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     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
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   ],
   "source": [
    "df_fake.shape, df_true.shape"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Merging the manual testing dataframe in single dataset and save it in a csv file"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "C:\\Users\\Hai\\AppData\\Local\\Temp/ipykernel_10364/860779283.py:1: SettingWithCopyWarning: \n",
      "A value is trying to be set on a copy of a slice from a DataFrame.\n",
      "Try using .loc[row_indexer,col_indexer] = value instead\n",
      "\n",
      "See the caveats in the documentation: https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/indexing.html#returning-a-view-versus-a-copy\n",
      "  df_fake_manual_testing[\"class\"] = 0\n",
      "C:\\Users\\Hai\\AppData\\Local\\Temp/ipykernel_10364/860779283.py:2: SettingWithCopyWarning: \n",
      "A value is trying to be set on a copy of a slice from a DataFrame.\n",
      "Try using .loc[row_indexer,col_indexer] = value instead\n",
      "\n",
      "See the caveats in the documentation: https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/indexing.html#returning-a-view-versus-a-copy\n",
      "  df_true_manual_testing[\"class\"] = 1\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df_fake_manual_testing[\"class\"] = 0\n",
    "df_true_manual_testing[\"class\"] = 1"
   ]
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   "execution_count": 10,
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       "                                                   title  \\\n",
       "23471  Seven Iranians freed in the prisoner swap have...   \n",
       "23472                      #Hashtag Hell & The Fake Left   \n",
       "23473  Astroturfing: Journalist Reveals Brainwashing ...   \n",
       "23474          The New American Century: An Era of Fraud   \n",
       "23475  Hillary Clinton: ‘Israel First’ (and no peace ...   \n",
       "23476  McPain: John McCain Furious That Iran Treated ...   \n",
       "23477  JUSTICE? Yahoo Settles E-mail Privacy Class-ac...   \n",
       "23478  Sunnistan: US and Allied ‘Safe Zone’ Plan to T...   \n",
       "23479  How to Blow $700 Million: Al Jazeera America F...   \n",
       "23480  10 U.S. Navy Sailors Held by Iranian Military ...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                    text      subject  \\\n",
       "23471  21st Century Wire says This week, the historic...  Middle-east   \n",
       "23472   By Dady Chery and Gilbert MercierAll writers ...  Middle-east   \n",
       "23473  Vic Bishop Waking TimesOur reality is carefull...  Middle-east   \n",
       "23474  Paul Craig RobertsIn the last years of the 20t...  Middle-east   \n",
       "23475  Robert Fantina CounterpunchAlthough the United...  Middle-east   \n",
       "23476  21st Century Wire says As 21WIRE reported earl...  Middle-east   \n",
       "23477  21st Century Wire says It s a familiar theme. ...  Middle-east   \n",
       "23478  Patrick Henningsen  21st Century WireRemember ...  Middle-east   \n",
       "23479  21st Century Wire says Al Jazeera America will...  Middle-east   \n",
       "23480  21st Century Wire says As 21WIRE predicted in ...  Middle-east   \n",
       "\n",
       "                   date  class  \n",
       "23471  January 20, 2016      0  \n",
       "23472  January 19, 2016      0  \n",
       "23473  January 19, 2016      0  \n",
       "23474  January 19, 2016      0  \n",
       "23475  January 18, 2016      0  \n",
       "23476  January 16, 2016      0  \n",
       "23477  January 16, 2016      0  \n",
       "23478  January 15, 2016      0  \n",
       "23479  January 14, 2016      0  \n",
       "23480  January 12, 2016      0  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df_fake_manual_testing.head(10)"
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  {
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       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>21412</th>\n",
       "      <td>'Fully committed' NATO backs new U.S. approach...</td>\n",
       "      <td>BRUSSELS (Reuters) - NATO allies on Tuesday we...</td>\n",
       "      <td>worldnews</td>\n",
       "      <td>August 22, 2017</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>21413</th>\n",
       "      <td>LexisNexis withdrew two products from Chinese ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>LONDON (Reuters) - LexisNexis, a provider of l...</td>\n",
       "      <td>worldnews</td>\n",
       "      <td>August 22, 2017</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>21414</th>\n",
       "      <td>Minsk cultural hub becomes haven from authorities</td>\n",
       "      <td>MINSK (Reuters) - In the shadow of disused Sov...</td>\n",
       "      <td>worldnews</td>\n",
       "      <td>August 22, 2017</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>21415</th>\n",
       "      <td>Vatican upbeat on possibility of Pope Francis ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>MOSCOW (Reuters) - Vatican Secretary of State ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>worldnews</td>\n",
       "      <td>August 22, 2017</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>21416</th>\n",
       "      <td>Indonesia to buy $1.14 billion worth of Russia...</td>\n",
       "      <td>JAKARTA (Reuters) - Indonesia will buy 11 Sukh...</td>\n",
       "      <td>worldnews</td>\n",
       "      <td>August 22, 2017</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                                                   title  \\\n",
       "21407  Mata Pires, owner of embattled Brazil builder ...   \n",
       "21408  U.S., North Korea clash at U.N. forum over nuc...   \n",
       "21409  U.S., North Korea clash at U.N. arms forum on ...   \n",
       "21410  Headless torso could belong to submarine journ...   \n",
       "21411  North Korea shipments to Syria chemical arms a...   \n",
       "21412  'Fully committed' NATO backs new U.S. approach...   \n",
       "21413  LexisNexis withdrew two products from Chinese ...   \n",
       "21414  Minsk cultural hub becomes haven from authorities   \n",
       "21415  Vatican upbeat on possibility of Pope Francis ...   \n",
       "21416  Indonesia to buy $1.14 billion worth of Russia...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                    text    subject  \\\n",
       "21407  SAO PAULO (Reuters) - Cesar Mata Pires, the ow...  worldnews   \n",
       "21408  GENEVA (Reuters) - North Korea and the United ...  worldnews   \n",
       "21409  GENEVA (Reuters) - North Korea and the United ...  worldnews   \n",
       "21410  COPENHAGEN (Reuters) - Danish police said on T...  worldnews   \n",
       "21411  UNITED NATIONS (Reuters) - Two North Korean sh...  worldnews   \n",
       "21412  BRUSSELS (Reuters) - NATO allies on Tuesday we...  worldnews   \n",
       "21413  LONDON (Reuters) - LexisNexis, a provider of l...  worldnews   \n",
       "21414  MINSK (Reuters) - In the shadow of disused Sov...  worldnews   \n",
       "21415  MOSCOW (Reuters) - Vatican Secretary of State ...  worldnews   \n",
       "21416  JAKARTA (Reuters) - Indonesia will buy 11 Sukh...  worldnews   \n",
       "\n",
       "                   date  class  \n",
       "21407  August 22, 2017       1  \n",
       "21408  August 22, 2017       1  \n",
       "21409  August 22, 2017       1  \n",
       "21410  August 22, 2017       1  \n",
       "21411  August 21, 2017       1  \n",
       "21412  August 22, 2017       1  \n",
       "21413  August 22, 2017       1  \n",
       "21414  August 22, 2017       1  \n",
       "21415  August 22, 2017       1  \n",
       "21416  August 22, 2017       1  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df_true_manual_testing.head(10)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df_manual_testing = pd.concat([df_fake_manual_testing,df_true_manual_testing], axis = 0)\n",
    "df_manual_testing.to_csv(\"manual_testing.csv\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Merging the main fake and true dataframe"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
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       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
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       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
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       "      <th>title</th>\n",
       "      <th>text</th>\n",
       "      <th>subject</th>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>Donald Trump Sends Out Embarrassing New Year’...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Donald Trump just couldn t wish all Americans ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>News</td>\n",
       "      <td>December 31, 2017</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>Drunk Bragging Trump Staffer Started Russian ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>House Intelligence Committee Chairman Devin Nu...</td>\n",
       "      <td>News</td>\n",
       "      <td>December 31, 2017</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>Sheriff David Clarke Becomes An Internet Joke...</td>\n",
       "      <td>On Friday, it was revealed that former Milwauk...</td>\n",
       "      <td>News</td>\n",
       "      <td>December 30, 2017</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>Trump Is So Obsessed He Even Has Obama’s Name...</td>\n",
       "      <td>On Christmas day, Donald Trump announced that ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>News</td>\n",
       "      <td>December 29, 2017</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>Pope Francis Just Called Out Donald Trump Dur...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pope Francis used his annual Christmas Day mes...</td>\n",
       "      <td>News</td>\n",
       "      <td>December 25, 2017</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>Racist Alabama Cops Brutalize Black Boy While...</td>\n",
       "      <td>The number of cases of cops brutalizing and ki...</td>\n",
       "      <td>News</td>\n",
       "      <td>December 25, 2017</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>Fresh Off The Golf Course, Trump Lashes Out A...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Donald Trump spent a good portion of his day a...</td>\n",
       "      <td>News</td>\n",
       "      <td>December 23, 2017</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>Trump Said Some INSANELY Racist Stuff Inside ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>In the wake of yet another court decision that...</td>\n",
       "      <td>News</td>\n",
       "      <td>December 23, 2017</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>Former CIA Director Slams Trump Over UN Bully...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Many people have raised the alarm regarding th...</td>\n",
       "      <td>News</td>\n",
       "      <td>December 22, 2017</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9</th>\n",
       "      <td>WATCH: Brand-New Pro-Trump Ad Features So Muc...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Just when you might have thought we d get a br...</td>\n",
       "      <td>News</td>\n",
       "      <td>December 21, 2017</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                                               title  \\\n",
       "0   Donald Trump Sends Out Embarrassing New Year’...   \n",
       "1   Drunk Bragging Trump Staffer Started Russian ...   \n",
       "2   Sheriff David Clarke Becomes An Internet Joke...   \n",
       "3   Trump Is So Obsessed He Even Has Obama’s Name...   \n",
       "4   Pope Francis Just Called Out Donald Trump Dur...   \n",
       "5   Racist Alabama Cops Brutalize Black Boy While...   \n",
       "6   Fresh Off The Golf Course, Trump Lashes Out A...   \n",
       "7   Trump Said Some INSANELY Racist Stuff Inside ...   \n",
       "8   Former CIA Director Slams Trump Over UN Bully...   \n",
       "9   WATCH: Brand-New Pro-Trump Ad Features So Muc...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                text subject  \\\n",
       "0  Donald Trump just couldn t wish all Americans ...    News   \n",
       "1  House Intelligence Committee Chairman Devin Nu...    News   \n",
       "2  On Friday, it was revealed that former Milwauk...    News   \n",
       "3  On Christmas day, Donald Trump announced that ...    News   \n",
       "4  Pope Francis used his annual Christmas Day mes...    News   \n",
       "5  The number of cases of cops brutalizing and ki...    News   \n",
       "6  Donald Trump spent a good portion of his day a...    News   \n",
       "7  In the wake of yet another court decision that...    News   \n",
       "8  Many people have raised the alarm regarding th...    News   \n",
       "9  Just when you might have thought we d get a br...    News   \n",
       "\n",
       "                date  class  \n",
       "0  December 31, 2017      0  \n",
       "1  December 31, 2017      0  \n",
       "2  December 30, 2017      0  \n",
       "3  December 29, 2017      0  \n",
       "4  December 25, 2017      0  \n",
       "5  December 25, 2017      0  \n",
       "6  December 23, 2017      0  \n",
       "7  December 23, 2017      0  \n",
       "8  December 22, 2017      0  \n",
       "9  December 21, 2017      0  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df_marge = pd.concat([df_fake, df_true], axis =0 )\n",
    "df_marge.head(10)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Index(['title', 'text', 'subject', 'date', 'class'], dtype='object')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df_marge.columns"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### \"title\",  \"subject\" and \"date\" columns is not required for detecting the fake news, so I am going to drop the columns."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df = df_marge.drop([\"title\", \"subject\",\"date\"], axis = 1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "text     0\n",
       "class    0\n",
       "dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 16,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.isnull().sum()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### Randomly shuffling the dataframe "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df = df.sample(frac = 1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
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       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>text</th>\n",
       "      <th>class</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4618</th>\n",
       "      <td>WASHINGTON (Reuters) - The top Republican in C...</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>19508</th>\n",
       "      <td></td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8319</th>\n",
       "      <td>WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Republican U.S. senator...</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>11131</th>\n",
       "      <td>WASHINGTON (Reuters) - The U.S. government wil...</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>963</th>\n",
       "      <td>WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Paul Manafort, a busine...</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                                                    text  class\n",
       "4618   WASHINGTON (Reuters) - The top Republican in C...      1\n",
       "19508                                                         0\n",
       "8319   WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Republican U.S. senator...      1\n",
       "11131  WASHINGTON (Reuters) - The U.S. government wil...      1\n",
       "963    WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Paul Manafort, a busine...      1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 18,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df.reset_index(inplace = True)\n",
    "df.drop([\"index\"], axis = 1, inplace = True)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Index(['text', 'class'], dtype='object')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 20,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.columns"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
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       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>text</th>\n",
       "      <th>class</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>WASHINGTON (Reuters) - The top Republican in C...</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td></td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Republican U.S. senator...</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>WASHINGTON (Reuters) - The U.S. government wil...</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Paul Manafort, a busine...</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                                                text  class\n",
       "0  WASHINGTON (Reuters) - The top Republican in C...      1\n",
       "1                                                         0\n",
       "2  WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Republican U.S. senator...      1\n",
       "3  WASHINGTON (Reuters) - The U.S. government wil...      1\n",
       "4  WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Paul Manafort, a busine...      1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 21,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### Creating a function to convert the text in lowercase, remove the extra space, special chr., ulr and links."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def wordopt(text):\n",
    "    text = text.lower()\n",
    "    text = re.sub('\\[.*?\\]', '', text)\n",
    "    text = re.sub(\"\\\\W\",\" \",text) \n",
    "    text = re.sub('https?://\\S+|www\\.\\S+', '', text)\n",
    "    text = re.sub('<.*?>+', '', text)\n",
    "    text = re.sub('[%s]' % re.escape(string.punctuation), '', text)\n",
    "    text = re.sub('\\n', '', text)\n",
    "    text = re.sub('\\w*\\d\\w*', '', text)    \n",
    "    return text"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df[\"text\"] = df[\"text\"].apply(wordopt)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### Defining dependent and independent variable as x and y"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "x = df[\"text\"]\n",
    "y = df[\"class\"]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### Splitting the dataset into training set and testing set. "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "x_train, x_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(x, y, test_size=0.25)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### Convert text to vectors"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import TfidfVectorizer"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "vectorization = TfidfVectorizer()\n",
    "xv_train = vectorization.fit_transform(x_train)\n",
    "xv_test = vectorization.transform(x_test)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 1. Logistic Regression"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "LogisticRegression()"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 29,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "LR = LogisticRegression()\n",
    "LR.fit(xv_train,y_train)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "pred_lr=LR.predict(xv_test)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0.988680926916221"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 31,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "LR.score(xv_test, y_test)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "              precision    recall  f1-score   support\n",
      "\n",
      "           0       0.99      0.99      0.99      5976\n",
      "           1       0.99      0.99      0.99      5244\n",
      "\n",
      "    accuracy                           0.99     11220\n",
      "   macro avg       0.99      0.99      0.99     11220\n",
      "weighted avg       0.99      0.99      0.99     11220\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(classification_report(y_test, pred_lr))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Model Testing With Manual Entry\n",
    "\n",
    "### News"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 42,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def output_lable(n):\n",
    "    if n == 0:\n",
    "        return \"Fake News\"\n",
    "    elif n == 1:\n",
    "        return \"Real News\"\n",
    "    \n",
    "def manual_testing(news):\n",
    "    testing_news = {\"text\":[news]}\n",
    "    new_def_test = pd.DataFrame(testing_news)\n",
    "    new_def_test[\"text\"] = new_def_test[\"text\"].apply(wordopt) \n",
    "    new_x_test = new_def_test[\"text\"]\n",
    "    new_xv_test = vectorization.transform(new_x_test)\n",
    "    pred_LR = LR.predict(new_xv_test)\n",
    "\n",
    "    return print(\"\\n\\nLR Prediction: {}\".format(output_lable(pred_LR[0])))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Predicting Fake News"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 44,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "LR Prediction: Fake News\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "news=\"21st Century Wire says This week, the historic international Iranian Nuclear Deal was punctuated by a two-way prisoner swap between Washington and Tehran, but it didn t end quite the way everyone expected. On the Iranian side, one of the U.S. citizens who was detained in Iran, Nosratollah Khosravi-Roodsari, has stayed in Iran, but on the U.S. side   all 7 of the Iranians held in U.S. prisons DID NOT show up to their flight to Geneva for the prisoner exchange   with at least 3 electing to stay in the U.S  TEHRAN SIDE: In Iran, 5 U.S. prisoners were released, with 4 of them making their way to Germany via Switzerland.Will Robinson Daily MailNone of the Iranians freed in the prisoner swap have returned home and could still be in the United States, it has been reported.The seven former inmates, who were released as part of a deal with the Islamic republic, did not show up to get a flight to Geneva, Switzerland, where the exchange was set to take place on Sunday.Three of the Iranians have decided to stay in the United States, ABC reported, with some moving in with their families. However it is not known where the other four are.Three of the Americans who had been detained in Iran   Washington Post journalist Jason Rezaian, former U.S. Marine Amir Hekmati and Christian pastor Saeed Abedini   left Tehran at around 7am the same day, but weren t met by their counterparts in Switzerland Continue this story at the Mail OnlineREAD MORE IRAN NEWS AT: 21st Century Wire Iran Files\"\n",
    "manual_testing(news)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Predicting Real News"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 45,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "LR Prediction: Real News\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "news=\"SAO PAULO (Reuters) - Cesar Mata Pires, the owner and co-founder of Brazilian engineering conglomerate OAS SA, one of the largest companies involved in Brazil s corruption scandal, died on Tuesday. He was 68. Mata Pires died of a heart attack while taking a morning walk in an upscale district of S o Paulo, where OAS is based, a person with direct knowledge of the matter said. Efforts to contact his family were unsuccessful. OAS declined to comment. The son of a wealthy cattle rancher in the northeastern state of Bahia, Mata Pires  links to politicians were central to the expansion of OAS, which became Brazil s No. 4 builder earlier this decade, people familiar with his career told Reuters last year. His big break came when he befriended Antonio Carlos Magalh es, a popular politician who was Bahia governor several times, and eventually married his daughter Tereza. Brazilians joked that OAS stood for  Obras Arranjadas pelo Sogro  - or  Work Arranged by the Father-In-Law.   After years of steady growth triggered by a flurry of massive government contracts, OAS was ensnared in Operation Car Wash which unearthed an illegal contracting ring between state firms and builders. The ensuing scandal helped topple former Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff last year. Trained as an engineer, Mata Pires founded OAS with two colleagues in 1976 to do sub-contracting work for larger rival Odebrecht SA - the biggest of the builders involved in the probe.  Before the scandal, Forbes magazine estimated Mata Pires  fortune at $1.6 billion. He dropped off the magazine s billionaire list in 2015, months after OAS sought bankruptcy protection after the Car Wash scandal. While Mata Pires was never accused of wrongdoing in the investigations, creditors demanded he and his family stay away from the builder s day-to-day operations, people directly involved in the negotiations told Reuters at the time. He is survived by his wife and his two sons.\"         \n",
    "manual_testing(news)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Coded By: SWAPNIL PAWAR"
   ]
  },
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   "source": []
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