Migrate Cassandra driver from legacy gocql v1.7.0 to apache/cassandra-gocql-driver/v2

[bschoening]

Is your feature request related to a problem?

The server currently depends on github.com/gocql/gocql v1.7.0 (go.mod) which supported Go 1.22/1.23. Following gocql's donation to the ASF, v1.7.0 was the final release published under the old module path — it was a transitional release with
the package name unchanged. All ongoing development, bug fixes, and any future security patches ship exclusively undergithub.com/apache/cassandra-gocql-driver/v2.

• Temporal's build has kept moving: the Go SDK already requires Go 1.24+, and the server toolchain tracks similarly. So Temporal is compiling and running gocql v1.7.0 under Go toolchains the driver has never been tested against and never will be.
• There are no known CVEs against v1.7.0 today, but the v1 line is effectively unmaintained: if a vulnerability or driver bug is found, no fix will be published on the current import path.

Describe the solution you'd like

Adopt github.com/apache/cassandra-gocql-driver/v2.

Scope should be contained: the driver is only imported directly by the wrapper package at common/persistence/nosql/nosqlplugin/cassandra/gocql; the persistence stores go through the wrapper's Session/Query/Batch interfaces. The v2 upgrade guide documents the breaking changes, notably:

• Query/Batch objects are immutable during execution (no more pooling semantics) — may simplify or affect the wrapper's reuse patterns
• Compressor packages moved into the main module
• Some deprecated APIs removed (e.g. TimeoutLimit)
• Protocol version auto-negotiation is now the recommended default

Additional context

Upgrade guide:
https://github.com/apache/cassandra-gocql-driver/blob/trunk/UPGRADE_GUIDE.md