diff --git a/.github/workflows/rust.yml b/.github/workflows/rust.yml
index 944e1a78..cd11bcf7 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/rust.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/rust.yml
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1.0.7
         with:
           profile: minimal
-          toolchain: 1.66.0
+          toolchain: 1.74.0
           override: true
           components: rustfmt, clippy
 
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         os: [ubuntu-latest, macos-latest]
-        toolchain: [stable, nightly, 1.66.0]
+        toolchain: [stable, nightly, 1.74.0]
         target:
           [
             x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu,
diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 49cc6957..b3ae7f40 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -725,13 +725,13 @@ dependencies = [
  "prost-build",
  "prost-derive",
  "protobuf",
- "protobuf-codegen-pure",
+ "protobuf-codegen",
  "rand",
  "sha2",
  "smallvec",
  "symbolic-demangle",
  "tempfile",
- "thiserror",
+ "thiserror 2.0.12",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -815,27 +815,53 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "protobuf"
-version = "2.28.0"
+version = "3.7.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "106dd99e98437432fed6519dedecfade6a06a73bb7b2a1e019fdd2bee5778d94"
+checksum = "d65a1d4ddae7d8b5de68153b48f6aa3bba8cb002b243dbdbc55a5afbc98f99f4"
+dependencies = [
+ "once_cell",
+ "protobuf-support",
+ "thiserror 1.0.69",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "protobuf-codegen"
-version = "2.28.0"
+version = "3.7.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "033460afb75cf755fcfc16dfaed20b86468082a2ea24e05ac35ab4a099a017d6"
+checksum = "5d3976825c0014bbd2f3b34f0001876604fe87e0c86cd8fa54251530f1544ace"
 dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "once_cell",
  "protobuf",
+ "protobuf-parse",
+ "regex",
+ "tempfile",
+ "thiserror 1.0.69",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "protobuf-codegen-pure"
-version = "2.28.0"
+name = "protobuf-parse"
+version = "3.7.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "95a29399fc94bcd3eeaa951c715f7bea69409b2445356b00519740bcd6ddd865"
+checksum = "b4aeaa1f2460f1d348eeaeed86aea999ce98c1bded6f089ff8514c9d9dbdc973"
 dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "indexmap",
+ "log",
  "protobuf",
- "protobuf-codegen",
+ "protobuf-support",
+ "tempfile",
+ "thiserror 1.0.69",
+ "which",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "protobuf-support"
+version = "3.7.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3e36c2f31e0a47f9280fb347ef5e461ffcd2c52dd520d8e216b52f93b0b0d7d6"
+dependencies = [
+ "thiserror 1.0.69",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1100,13 +1126,33 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-sys",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "thiserror"
+version = "1.0.69"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b6aaf5339b578ea85b50e080feb250a3e8ae8cfcdff9a461c9ec2904bc923f52"
+dependencies = [
+ "thiserror-impl 1.0.69",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "thiserror"
 version = "2.0.12"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "567b8a2dae586314f7be2a752ec7474332959c6460e02bde30d702a66d488708"
 dependencies = [
- "thiserror-impl",
+ "thiserror-impl 2.0.12",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "thiserror-impl"
+version = "1.0.69"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4fee6c4efc90059e10f81e6d42c60a18f76588c3d74cb83a0b242a2b6c7504c1"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 99670538..e6840812 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ description = "An internal perf tools for rust programs."
 repository = "https://github.com/tikv/pprof-rs"
 documentation = "https://docs.rs/pprof/"
 readme = "README.md"
-rust-version = "1.66.0"  # MSRV
+rust-version = "1.74.0"  # MSRV
 
 [features]
 default = ["cpp"]
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ frame-pointer = []
 # A private feature to indicate either prost-codec or protobuf-codec is enabled.
 _protobuf = []
 prost-codec = ["prost", "prost-derive", "prost-build", "sha2", "_protobuf"]
-protobuf-codec = ["protobuf", "protobuf-codegen-pure", "_protobuf"]
+protobuf-codec = ["protobuf", "protobuf-codegen", "_protobuf"]
 
 [dependencies]
 backtrace = { version = "0.3" }
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ smallvec = "1.7"
 inferno = { version = "0.11", default-features = false, features = ["nameattr"], optional = true }
 prost = { version = "0.12", optional = true }
 prost-derive = { version = "0.12", optional = true }
-protobuf = { version = "2.0", optional = true }
+protobuf = { version = ">=3.7.2", optional = true }
 criterion = {version = "0.5", optional = true}
 aligned-vec = "0.6"
 
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ rand = "0.8.0"
 [build-dependencies]
 prost-build = { version = "0.12", optional = true }
 sha2 = { version = "0.10", optional = true }
-protobuf-codegen-pure = { version = "2.0", optional = true }
+protobuf-codegen = { version = "3.7.2", optional = true }
 
 [[example]]
 name = "flamegraph"
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index a5be80b0..e270b516 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ Unit tests have been added to guarantee there is no `malloc` in sample functions
 
 ## Minimum Supported Rust Version
 
-Rust 1.64 or higher.
+Rust 1.74 or higher.
 
 Minimum supported Rust version can be changed in the future, but it will be done with a minor version bump.
 
diff --git a/build.rs b/build.rs
index 829274f4..90d52c9d 100644
--- a/build.rs
+++ b/build.rs
@@ -1,23 +1,21 @@
 // Copyright 2019 TiKV Project Authors. Licensed under Apache-2.0.
-
 #[cfg(feature = "protobuf-codec")]
 // Allow deprecated as TiKV pin versions to a outdated one.
-#[allow(deprecated)]
 fn generate_protobuf() {
     use std::io::Write;
-
+    let customize = <protobuf_codegen::Customize as std::default::Default>::default();
+    // Set the output directory for generated files
     let out_dir = std::env::var("OUT_DIR").unwrap();
-    protobuf_codegen_pure::run(protobuf_codegen_pure::Args {
-        out_dir: &out_dir,
-        includes: &["proto"],
-        input: &["proto/profile.proto"],
-        customize: protobuf_codegen_pure::Customize {
-            generate_accessors: Some(false),
-            lite_runtime: Some(true),
-            ..Default::default()
-        },
-    })
-    .unwrap();
+
+    let mut cg = protobuf_codegen::Codegen::new();
+    cg.pure();
+
+    cg.inputs(["proto/profile.proto"]).includes(["proto"]);
+
+    cg.customize(customize);
+    cg.out_dir(&out_dir).run().unwrap();
+
+    // Optionally, write a mod.rs file for module inclusion
     let mut f = std::fs::File::create(format!("{}/mod.rs", out_dir)).unwrap();
     write!(f, "pub mod profile;").unwrap();
 }
diff --git a/src/backtrace/backtrace_rs.rs b/src/backtrace/backtrace_rs.rs
index 1b7e3663..d0cee1fe 100644
--- a/src/backtrace/backtrace_rs.rs
+++ b/src/backtrace/backtrace_rs.rs
@@ -23,6 +23,3 @@ impl super::Trace for Trace {
         unsafe { backtrace::trace_unsynchronized(cb) }
     }
 }
-
-pub use backtrace::Frame;
-pub use backtrace::Symbol;
diff --git a/src/backtrace/mod.rs b/src/backtrace/mod.rs
index 5a79e86a..903d3120 100644
--- a/src/backtrace/mod.rs
+++ b/src/backtrace/mod.rs
@@ -32,7 +32,11 @@ pub trait Frame: Sized + Clone {
     type S: Symbol;
 
     fn resolve_symbol<F: FnMut(&Self::S)>(&self, cb: F);
+
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
     fn symbol_address(&self) -> *mut c_void;
+
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
     fn ip(&self) -> usize;
 }