Added first 7 exercises

Author: mattpocock

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+node_modules
+.vscode

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+<a href="https://totaltypescript.com"><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/total-typescript/image/upload/v1662641493/beginners-typescript-tutorial/github_2x_vxqai9.png" alt="beginner typescript tutorial" /></a>
+
+## Quickstart
+
+Clone this repo or [open in Gitpod](https://gitpod.io/#https://github.com/total-typescript/beginners-typescript).
+
+```sh
+# Installs all dependencies
+npm install
+
+# Starts the first exercise
+npm run exercise 01
+
+# Runs linting and tests on the solution
+npm run solution 01
+```
+
+## Video Walkthrough
+
+I walked through the first few exercises on [VSCode's live stream](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p6dO9u0M7MQ)! The plan for these exercises is to develop them into a full workshop, and then bundle them into the full video course - [Total TypeScript](https://totaltypescript.com).
+
+## How to take the course
+
+You'll notice that the course is split into exercises. Each exercise is split into a `*.problem.ts` and a `*.solution.ts`.
+
+To take an exercise:
+
+1. Go into `*.problem.ts`
+2. Run `npm run exercise 01`, where `01` is the number of the exercise you're on.
+
+The `exercise` script will run TypeScript typechecks and a test suite on the exercise.
+
+This course encourages **active, exploratory learning**. In the video, I'll explain a problem, and **you'll be asked to try to find a solution**. To attempt a solution, you'll need to:
+
+1. Check out [TypeScript's docs](https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/intro.html)
+2. Try to find something that looks relevant.
+3. Give it a go to see if it solves the problem.
+
+You'll know if you've succeeded because the tests will pass.
+
+**If you succeed**, or **if you get stuck**, unpause the video and check out the `*.solution.ts`. You can see if your solution is better or worse than mine!
+
+You can run `npm run solution 01` to run the tests and typechecking on the solution.
+
+## Acknowledgements
+
+Say thanks to Matt on [Twitter](https://twitter.com/mattpocockuk) or by joining his [Discord](https://discord.gg/8S5ujhfTB3). Consider signing up to his [Total TypeScript course](https://totaltypescript.com).
+
+## Reference
+
+### `npm run exercise 01`
+
+Alias: `npm run e 01`
+
+Run the corresponding `*.problem.ts` file.
+
+### `npm run solution 01`
+
+Alias: `npm run s 01`
+
+Run the corresponding `*.solution.ts` file. If there are multiple, it runs only the first one.

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+## Things to add
+
+- classes
+- Omit, Partial, Pick, Required, Record (object-based utility types)
+- ReadonlyArray
+
+## Things NOT to add
+
+These things are out-of-scope, or will be included in other modules
+
+- limits of typeof narrowing (unknown and object)
+- Type predicates
+- Using external libraries and @types
+- discriminated unions
+  - narrowing on discriminated unions
+- Template literals
+- Branded types
+- Readonly properties on objects
+- Index signatures
+- `keyof`
+- Readonly, Exclude, Extract (union-based or readonly-based utility types)
+- let vs const vs as const
+- Function overloads
+- typeof
+- Generics in functions