diff --git a/techniques/failures/F32.html b/techniques/failures/F32.html index 3aa102c269..b3b4a5fa28 100644 --- a/techniques/failures/F32.html +++ b/techniques/failures/F32.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ spacing within a word

ID: F32

Technology: failures

Type: Failure

When to Use

All technologies.

Description

-

The objective of this technique is to describe how using white space characters, such as space, tab, line break, or carriage return, to format individual words visually can be a failure to present meaningful sequences properly. When blank characters are inserted to control letter spacing within a word, they may change the interpretation of the word or cause it not to be programmatically recognized as a single word. +

The objective of this technique is to describe how using white space characters, such as space, tab, line break, or carriage return, to format individual words visually can be a failure to present meaningful sequences properly. When blank characters are inserted to control letter spacing within a word, they may change the interpretation of the word or cause it not to be programmatically recognized as a single word.

Inserting white space characters into an initialism is not an example of this failure, since the white space does not change the interpretation of the @@ -13,40 +13,40 @@

Examples

Failure due to adding white space in the middle of a word

- +

This example has white spaces within a word to space out the letters in a heading. Screen readers may read each letter individually instead of the word "Welcome."

- +
<h1>W e l c o m e</h1>
 
- +

&nbsp; can also be used to add white space, producing similar failures:

- +
<h1>H&nbsp;E&nbsp;L&nbsp;L&nbsp;O</h1>

White space in the middle of a word changing its meaning

- -

In Japanese, Han characters (Kanji) may have multiple readings that + +

In Japanese, Han characters (kanji) may have multiple readings that mean very different things. In this example, the word is read incorrectly because screen readers may not recognize these characters as a word because of the white space between the characters. The characters mean "Tokyo," but screen readers say "Higashi Kyo".

- +
<h1>東 京</h1>

Using line break characters to format vertical text

- +

In the row header cell of a data table containing Japanese text, authors often create vertical text by using line break characters. However screen readers are not able to read the words in vertical text correctly because the line breaks occur within the word. In the following example, "東京都"(Tokyo-to) will be read "Higashi Kyo Miyako".

- +
<table>
    <caption>表1. 都道府県別一覧表</caption>
    <tr>
@@ -80,4 +80,4 @@ 

Using line break characters to format vertical text

Resources

\ No newline at end of file +

Resources

diff --git a/techniques/general/G120.html b/techniques/general/G120.html index 046e1d435c..17087dd029 100644 --- a/techniques/general/G120.html +++ b/techniques/general/G120.html @@ -23,8 +23,8 @@

Description

Examples

-

In the following example of Japanese text, the information giving the pronunciation in Han characters (Kanji) is rendered in parentheses immediately following the text.

- +

In the following example of Japanese text, the information giving the pronunciation in Han characters (kanji) is rendered in parentheses immediately following the text.

+
<p>慶應大学 (けいおうだいがく)</p>
@@ -57,4 +57,4 @@

Related Techniques

Resources

- \ No newline at end of file + diff --git a/techniques/html/H62.html b/techniques/html/H62.html index a34446dcb0..da6c780b80 100644 --- a/techniques/html/H62.html +++ b/techniques/html/H62.html @@ -28,8 +28,8 @@

Description

Examples

-

Ruby markup providing pronunciation information for an initialism

-

This example uses Ruby annotation to give the pronunciation of the initialism (acronym) formed by the first letters of the words Web Content Accessibility Guidelines. The letters WCAG are the base (the rb element), and the pronunciation information is shown by the Ruby text (the rt element). The Ruby parenthesis element rp is used for user agents that do not support Ruby annotations to indicate that the text in the rt element provides the pronunciation information. The pronunciation information is rendered in parentheses immediately following the base text. (User agents that support Ruby do not show the parentheses.)

+

Ruby markup providing pronunciation information for an initialism

+

This example uses Ruby annotation to give the pronunciation of the initialism (acronym) formed by the first letters of the words Web Content Accessibility Guidelines. The letters WCAG are the base (the rb element), and the pronunciation information is shown by the Ruby text (the rt element). The Ruby parenthesis element rp is used for user agents that do not support Ruby annotations to indicate that the text in the rt element provides the pronunciation information. The pronunciation information is rendered in parentheses immediately following the base text. (User agents that support Ruby do not show the parentheses.)

<p>When we talk about these guidelines, we often just call them
   <ruby>
     <rb>WCAG</rb>
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ 

Ruby markup providing pronunciation information for an initialism

Ruby annotation for Japanese

-

The following is an example in Japanese. For Japanese, the Ruby is used to give the reading of Han characters (Kanji). the Ruby parenthesis element rp is used for user agents that do not support Ruby annotations to indicate that the text in the rt element provides the pronunciation information. The pronunciation information is rendered in parentheses immediately following the base text. (User agents that support Ruby do not show the parentheses.)

+

The following is an example in Japanese. For Japanese, the Ruby is used to give the reading of Han characters (kanji). the Ruby parenthesis element rp is used for user agents that do not support Ruby annotations to indicate that the text in the rt element provides the pronunciation information. The pronunciation information is rendered in parentheses immediately following the base text. (User agents that support Ruby do not show the parentheses.)

<p>
   <ruby>
@@ -100,4 +100,4 @@ 

Resources

- \ No newline at end of file + diff --git a/understanding/20/pronunciation.html b/understanding/20/pronunciation.html index 7d1c929c12..ebc6b93126 100644 --- a/understanding/20/pronunciation.html +++ b/understanding/20/pronunciation.html @@ -7,21 +7,21 @@

Understanding Pronunciation

- +

In brief

Goal
Users can identify the pronunciation of ambiguous words.
What to do
Indicate how to pronounce a word, where its meaning is otherwise unclear.
-
Why it's important
Some people, including those with cognitive disabilities, may not understand the meaning of content.
+
Why it's important
Some people, including those with cognitive disabilities, may not understand the meaning of content.
- +

Intent of Pronunciation

- - + +

The intent of this success criterion is to help people who are blind, people who have low vision, and people with reading disabilities to understand content in cases where meaning depends on pronunciation. Often words or characters have different meanings, @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@

Intent of Pronunciation

or indeterminate unless the pronunciation is known, then providing some means of determining the pronunciation is needed.

- +

For example, in the English language heteronyms are words that are spelled the same but have different pronunciations and meanings, such as the words desert (abandon) @@ -42,44 +42,44 @@

Intent of Pronunciation

of the sentence, then nothing is required. If it cannot then some mechanism for determining the proper pronunciation would be required. Additionally, in some languages certain characters can be pronounced in different ways. In Japanese, for example, there are - characters like Han characters (Kanji) that have multiple pronunciations. Screen readers + characters like Han characters (kanji) that have multiple pronunciations. Screen readers may speak the characters incorrectly without the information on pronunciation. When read incorrectly, the content will not make sense to users.

- - + +

Benefits of Pronunciation

- - -

This success criterion may help people who: - + + +

This success criterion may help people who: +

- +
    - +
  • have difficulty decoding words
  • - +
  • have difficulty using context to aid understanding
  • - +
  • use technologies that read the words aloud
  • - +
- +
- +

Examples of Pronunciation

- +
Giving the reading of a person's name
Web content in Japanese provides kana (Japanese phonetic syllabary characters) written - next to Han characters (Kanji) show the pronunciation of a person's name. The kana + next to Han characters (kanji) show the pronunciation of a person's name. The kana is provided to users in parentheses right after the word. Giving the reading of the - words written in Han characters (Kanji) allows both sighted users and screen readers + words written in Han characters (kanji) allows both sighted users and screen readers to read/pronounce the words correctly. Note that screen readers will speak the word - twice: the Han characters (Kanji) that can be pronounced in a wrong way are read first + twice: the Han characters (kanji) that can be pronounced in a wrong way are read first and then kana is spoken in order to provide the correct reading.
Showing the reading of the words by ruby element
Web content using HTML provides kana (phonetic syllabary characters) written @@ -100,23 +100,23 @@

Examples of Pronunciation

Japanese text. Pronunciation information is provided to show the correct reading of the Chinese and Korean characters.
- +
- +

For Japanese, the ruby element is used for showing the "reading" rather than "pronunciation." - +

- +
- +
- +

Resources for Pronunciation

- - + +
- + {% # Data for associated techniques is defined in understanding/understanding.11tydata.js %} {% include "understanding/techniques.html" %} diff --git a/understanding/20/readable.html b/understanding/20/readable.html index c660e4d7ac..deaadb0f54 100644 --- a/understanding/20/readable.html +++ b/understanding/20/readable.html @@ -7,16 +7,16 @@

Understanding Readable

- - + +

Intent of Readable

- - + +

The intent of this guideline is to allow text content to be read by users and by assistive technology, and to ensure that information necessary for understanding it is available.

- +

People with disabilities experience text in many different ways. For some the experience is visual; for some it is auditory; for some it is tactile; for still others it is both visual and auditory. Some users experience great difficulty in recognizing written @@ -30,16 +30,16 @@

Intent of Readable

may be unable to present text correctly unless the language and direction of the text are identified; while these may be minor problems for most users, they can be enormous barriers for users with disabilities. In cases where meaning cannot be determined - without pronunciation information (for example, certain Japanese Kanji characters), + without pronunciation information (for example, certain Japanese kanji characters), pronunciation information must be available as well

- +
- +

Additional Techniques (Advisory) for Readable

- +
- +