fix(docs): restore npm run docs script and update TypeDoc configuration

[JorgeEscire]

References
Fixes #5058

Description
The npm run docs script was missing from package.json and TypeDoc was not installed as a dependency, making it impossible to generate code documentation as described in the README. This PR restores the TypeDoc functionality by adding TypeDoc as a devDependency, adding the docs script, updating the TypeDoc configuration, and adding /doc/ to .gitignore.

Instructions for Reviewers
List of changes in this PR:

• Added typedoc (^0.28.16) as a devDependency in package.json
• Added "docs": "typedoc" script to package.json
• Updated typedoc.json with modern TypeDoc 0.28+ configuration options
• Added /doc/ to .gitignore to prevent committing generated documentation

How to test:

1. Run npm install
2. Run npm run docs
3. Verify that documentation is generated in the doc/ folder
4. Open doc/index.html in a browser to confirm the documentation renders correctly Checklist

• My PR is created against the main branch
• My PR is small in size
• My PR passes ESLint validation using npm run lint
• My PR doesn't introduce circular dependencies
• If my PR includes new features or configurations, I've provided basic technical documentation in the PR itself