fix(integrations): updates error raised when ddtrace.patch(...) is called with invalid args [backport 3.0]

[github-actions]

Backport d64225d from #12354 to 3.0.

Resolves: #12341

Updates Exception raised when ddtrace.patch(....) is used with an unsupported integration.

Checklist

• PR author has checked that all the criteria below are met
• The PR description includes an overview of the change
• The PR description articulates the motivation for the change
• The change includes tests OR the PR description describes a testing strategy
• The PR description notes risks associated with the change, if any
• Newly-added code is easy to change
• The change follows the library release note guidelines
• The change includes or references documentation updates if necessary
• Backport labels are set (if applicable)

Reviewer Checklist

• Reviewer has checked that all the criteria below are met
• Title is accurate
• All changes are related to the pull request's stated goal
• Avoids breaking API changes
• Testing strategy adequately addresses listed risks
• Newly-added code is easy to change
• Release note makes sense to a user of the library
• If necessary, author has acknowledged and discussed the performance implications of this PR as reported in the benchmarks PR comment
• Backport labels are set in a manner that is consistent with the release branch maintenance policy

[datadog-dd-trace-py-rkomorn]

Datadog Report

Branch report: backport-12354-to-3.0
Commit report: ca35441
Test service: dd-trace-py

✅ 0 Failed, 130 Passed, 1184 Skipped, 1m 34.75s Total Time

[pr-commenter]

Benchmarks

Benchmark execution time: 2025-02-20 18:27:09

Comparing candidate commit ca35441 in PR branch backport-12354-to-3.0 with baseline commit 439e36d in branch 3.0.

Found 0 performance improvements and 0 performance regressions! Performance is the same for 418 metrics, 2 unstable metrics.