Improvements to static-show

[kpamnany]

PR Description

The first commit backports JuliaLang#52799.

• Show strings with escaping, rather than trying to output the text unmodified.
• Show symbols with the same formatting as Strings
• Avoid accidentally defining a broken Core.show method for NamedTuple

The next four commits backport JuliaLang#58512.

Makes more types survive jl_static_show:

Symbols
    Symbols printed in the :var"foo" form use raw string escaping, fixing :var"a\b", :var"a\\", :var"$a", etc.
    Symbols that require parens use parens (:(=), ...)
Signed integers: Except for Int, signed integers print like Int8(1).
Floats: floats are printed in a naive but reversible (TODO: double check) way. Inf(16|32|) and NaN(16|32|) are printed, and Float16/Float32 print the type (Float32(1.5)). Float64s are printed with a trailing .0 if it is necessary to disambiguate from Int.

Checklist

Requirements for merging:

• I have opened an issue or PR upstream on JuliaLang/julia: see above.
• I have removed the port-to-* labels that don't apply.
• I have opened a PR on raicode to test these changes: https://github.com/RelationalAI/raicode/pull/24495