Add JacobsthalNumber Implementation

[Rosander0]

• I have read CONTRIBUTING.md.
• This pull request is all my own work -- I have not plagiarized it.
• All filenames are in PascalCase.
• All functions and variable names follow Java naming conventions.
• All new algorithms have a URL in their comments that points to Wikipedia or other similar explanations.
• All new algorithms include a corresponding test class that validates their functionality.
• All new code is formatted with clang-format -i --style=file path/to/your/file.java

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 79.86%. Comparing base (8e374d3) to head (e762c70).

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##             master    #7479      +/-   ##
============================================
+ Coverage     79.85%   79.86%   +0.01%     
- Complexity     7326     7330       +4     
============================================
  Files           806      807       +1     
  Lines         23803    23817      +14     
  Branches       4684     4687       +3     
============================================
+ Hits          19007    19021      +14     
  Misses         4036     4036              
  Partials        760      760              

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