Implement Hill Cipher with 2x2 Key Matrix in Ciphers Module

[chetanjangir0]

Description

This pull request introduces the Hill cipher algorithm to the ciphers module, specifically implementing it with a 2x2 key matrix. The Hill cipher is a polygraphic substitution cipher based on linear algebra, operating on blocks of letters and using matrix multiplication to encrypt and decrypt messages.

Implementation Details:

• Key Matrix: The cipher utilizes a 2x2 key matrix for the encryption and decryption processes. It's essential that the determinant of this matrix is coprime with 26 to ensure the matrix is invertible in modular arithmetic.

• Functionality: The implementation includes functions for both encryption and decryption, handling input text by dividing it into appropriate block sizes and applying the cipher accordingly.

• Testing: Comprehensive tests have been added to validate the correctness of the algorithm, ensuring accurate encryption and decryption operations.

Future Enhancements:

While this implementation focuses on a 2x2 key matrix, future updates could extend support to larger key matrices, such as 3x3, to accommodate more complex encryption schemes.

Type of change

• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)

Checklist:

• I ran the following commands using the latest version of rust nightly.
  • I ran cargo clippy --all -- -D warnings just before my last commit and fixed any issues that were found.
  • I ran cargo fmt just before my last commit.
  • I ran cargo test just before my last commit and all tests passed.
• I added my algorithm to the corresponding mod.rs file within its own folder, and in any parent folder(s).
• I added my algorithm to DIRECTORY.md with the correct link.
• I checked CONTRIBUTING.md and my code follows its guidelines.

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 98.92473% with 1 line in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 95.51%. Comparing base (b19c743) to head (c6f23ed).
Report is 1 commits behind head on master.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/ciphers/hill.rs	98.92%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master     #876      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   95.50%   95.51%   +0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         317      318       +1     
  Lines       22948    23041      +93     
==========================================
+ Hits        21916    22008      +92     
- Misses       1032     1033       +1     

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