[POC] feat(c/sedona-gdal): add sedona-gdal crate with runtime-loaded GDAL bindings

[Kontinuation]

Summary

• Add sedona-gdal crate (c/sedona-gdal) providing safe Rust wrappers over GDAL C API functions, loaded dynamically at runtime via libloading — following the same practice as the PROJ dynamic library binding introduced in refactor(c/sedona-proj): replace C dynamic loading with pure Rust using libloading #672.
• Expose gdal-sys feature flag from the sedona crate for downstream consumers.

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This PR introduces a new sedona-gdal crate that provides safe Rust wrappers over selected GDAL C APIs via runtime dynamic loading (libloading), and wires it into the workspace + sedona crate feature flags/CI.

Changes:

• Add c/sedona-gdal crate with runtime-loaded GDAL API table, core wrappers (dataset/driver/raster/vector/VSI/VRT), and tests (behind gdal-sys).
• Expose a gdal feature in the sedona crate to enable sedona-gdal/gdal-sys for downstream consumers.
• Update workspace/lockfile and Linux CI to install GDAL development headers.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 29 out of 30 changed files in this pull request and generated 7 comments.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
rust/sedona/Cargo.toml	Adds gdal feature and workspace dependency on sedona-gdal.
c/sedona-gdal/src/vsi.rs	Adds /vsimem file create/unlink/read helpers + tests.
c/sedona-gdal/src/vrt.rs	Adds VRT dataset/band wrappers and VRT source helpers + tests.
c/sedona-gdal/src/vector/mod.rs	Introduces vector module namespace + re-exports.
c/sedona-gdal/src/vector/layer.rs	Adds OGR layer wrapper + feature iteration.
c/sedona-gdal/src/vector/geometry.rs	Adds owned geometry wrapper with WKB/WKT helpers.
c/sedona-gdal/src/vector/feature.rs	Adds owned feature wrapper and field/geometry accessors.
c/sedona-gdal/src/spatial_ref.rs	Adds spatial reference wrapper and PROJJSON export + tests.
c/sedona-gdal/src/register.rs	Adds global GDAL API initialization + (optional) version check.
c/sedona-gdal/src/raster/types.rs	Adds raster type enums, buffer type, dataset options, resampling.
c/sedona-gdal/src/raster/rasterize_affine.rs	Adds fast affine transformer path for rasterize + tests.
c/sedona-gdal/src/raster/rasterize.rs	Adds GDALRasterizeGeometries wrapper + option builder + tests.
c/sedona-gdal/src/raster/rasterband.rs	Adds raster band wrapper with typed read/write + nodata helpers + tests.
c/sedona-gdal/src/raster/polygonize.rs	Adds GDALPolygonize wrapper + options + tests.
c/sedona-gdal/src/raster/mod.rs	Defines raster module exports.
c/sedona-gdal/src/mem.rs	Adds high-level MEM dataset builder for zero-copy band attachment + tests.
c/sedona-gdal/src/lib.rs	Declares crate modules and public re-exports.
c/sedona-gdal/src/geo_transform.rs	Adds pure-Rust geotransform apply/invert helpers + tests.
c/sedona-gdal/src/gdal_dyn_bindgen.rs	Adds bindgen-like GDAL/OGR handle/types/constants + API table struct.
c/sedona-gdal/src/gdal_api.rs	Adds GdalApi wrapper around function table + CPL error extraction.
c/sedona-gdal/src/errors.rs	Adds GdalError + init errors used across the crate.
c/sedona-gdal/src/dyn_load.rs	Adds libloading-based symbol resolver for GDAL + C++ mangling handling.
c/sedona-gdal/src/driver.rs	Adds driver wrapper/lookup and dataset creation helpers + tests.
c/sedona-gdal/src/dataset.rs	Adds dataset wrapper, open/create/copy/layer creation + band attachment helpers + tests.
c/sedona-gdal/src/cpl.rs	Adds pure-Rust CSL string list compatible with GDAL’s char** options.
c/sedona-gdal/src/config.rs	Adds thread-local config option setter wrapper.
c/sedona-gdal/Cargo.toml	Adds new crate manifest, gdal-sys feature, and dev-deps.
Cargo.toml	Registers c/sedona-gdal as a workspace member + workspace dependency.
Cargo.lock	Adds gdal-sys and sedona-gdal entries to the lockfile.
.github/workflows/rust.yml	Installs libgdal-dev on Linux CI to support gdal-sys builds/tests.

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[Kontinuation]

This PR is pretty large. I think we can split it into 2 PRs:

1. Dynamically loaded bindings exposing unsafe API
2. High level safe APIs