Active Storage Validations

If you are using active_storage gem and you want to add simple validations for it, like presence or content_type you need to write a custom validation method.

This gems doing it for you. Just use attached: true or content_type: 'image/png' validation.

What it can do

• validates if file(s) attached
• validates content type
• validates size of files
• validates total size of files
• validates dimension of images/videos
• validates number of uploaded files (min/max required)
• validates aspect ratio (if square, portrait, landscape, is_16_9, ...)
• validates if file can be processed by MiniMagick or Vips
• custom error messages
• allow procs for dynamic determination of values

Usage

For example you have a model like this and you want to add validation.

class User < ApplicationRecord
  has_one_attached :avatar
  has_many_attached :photos
  has_one_attached :image

  validates :name, presence: true

  validates :avatar, attached: true, content_type: 'image/png',
                                     dimension: { width: 200, height: 200 }
  validates :photos, attached: true, content_type: ['image/png', 'image/jpeg'],
                                     dimension: { width: { min: 800, max: 2400 },
                                                  height: { min: 600, max: 1800 }, message: 'is not given between dimension' }
  validates :image, attached: true,
                    processable_image: true,
                    content_type: ['image/png', 'image/jpeg'],
                    aspect_ratio: :landscape
end

or

class Project < ApplicationRecord
  has_one_attached :logo
  has_one_attached :preview
  has_one_attached :attachment
  has_many_attached :documents

  validates :title, presence: true

  validates :logo, attached: true, size: { less_than: 100.megabytes , message: 'is too large' }
  validates :preview, attached: true, size: { between: 1.kilobyte..100.megabytes , message: 'is not given between size' }
  validates :attachment, attached: true, content_type: { in: 'application/pdf', message: 'is not a PDF' }
  validates :documents, limit: { min: 1, max: 3 }, total_size: { less_than: 5.megabytes }
end

More examples

• Content type validation using symbols or regex.

class User < ApplicationRecord
  has_one_attached :avatar
  has_many_attached :photos

  validates :avatar, attached: true, content_type: :png
  # or
  validates :photos, attached: true, content_type: [:png, :jpg, :jpeg]
  # or
  validates :avatar, content_type: /\Aimage\/.*\z/
end

Please note that the symbol types must be registered by Marcel::EXTENSIONS that's used by this gem to infer the full content type. Example code for adding a new content type to Marcel:

# config/initializers/mime_types.rb
Marcel::MimeType.extend "application/ino", extensions: %w(ino), parents: "text/plain" # Registering arduino INO files

• Dimension validation with width, height and in.

class User < ApplicationRecord
  has_one_attached :avatar
  has_many_attached :photos

  validates :avatar, dimension: { width: { in: 80..100 }, message: 'is not given between dimension' }
  validates :photos, dimension: { height: { in: 600..1800 } }
end

• Dimension validation with min and max range for width and height:

class User < ApplicationRecord
  has_one_attached :avatar
  has_many_attached :photos

  validates :avatar, dimension: { min: 200..100 }
  # Equivalent to:
  # validates :avatar, dimension: { width: { min: 200 }, height: { min: 100  } }
  validates :photos, dimension: { min: 200..100, max: 400..200 }
  # Equivalent to:
  # validates :avatar, dimension: { width: { min: 200, max: 400 }, height: { min: 100, max: 200  } }
end

• Aspect ratio validation:

class User < ApplicationRecord
  has_one_attached :avatar
  has_one_attached :photo
  has_many_attached :photos

  validates :avatar, aspect_ratio: :square
  validates :photo, aspect_ratio: :landscape

  # you can also pass dynamic aspect ratio, like :is_4_3, :is_16_9, etc
  validates :photos, aspect_ratio: :is_4_3
end

• Proc Usage:

Procs can be used instead of values in all the above examples. They will be called on every validation.

class User < ApplicationRecord
  has_many_attached :proc_files

  validates :proc_files, limit: { max: -> (record) { record.admin? ? 100 : 10 } }
end

Internationalization (I18n)

Active Storage Validations uses I18n for error messages. For this, add these keys in your translation file:

en:
  errors:
    messages:
      content_type_invalid: "has an invalid content type"
      file_size_not_less_than: "file size must be less than %{max_size} (current size is %{file_size})"
      file_size_not_less_than_or_equal_to: "file size must be less than or equal to %{max_size} (current size is %{file_size})"
      file_size_not_greater_than: "file size must be greater than %{min_size} (current size is %{file_size})"
      file_size_not_greater_than_or_equal_to: "file size must be greater than or equal to %{min_size} (current size is %{file_size})"
      file_size_not_between: "file size must be between %{min_size} and %{max_size} (current size is %{file_size})"
      total_file_size_not_less_than: "total file size must be less than %{max_size} (current size is %{total_file_size})"
      total_file_size_not_less_than_or_equal_to: "total file size must be less than or equal to %{max_size} (current size is %{total_file_size})"
      total_file_size_not_greater_than: "total file size must be greater than %{min_size} (current size is %{total_file_size})"
      total_file_size_not_greater_than_or_equal_to: "total file size must be greater than or equal to %{min_size} (current size is %{total_file_size})"
      total_file_size_not_between: "total file size must be between %{min_size} and %{max_size} (current size is %{total_file_size})"
      limit_out_of_range: "total number is out of range"
      image_metadata_missing: "is not a valid image"
      dimension_min_inclusion: "must be greater than or equal to %{width} x %{height} pixel"
      dimension_max_inclusion: "must be less than or equal to %{width} x %{height} pixel"
      dimension_width_inclusion: "width is not included between %{min} and %{max} pixel"
      dimension_height_inclusion: "height is not included between %{min} and %{max} pixel"
      dimension_width_greater_than_or_equal_to: "width must be greater than or equal to %{length} pixel"
      dimension_height_greater_than_or_equal_to: "height must be greater than or equal to %{length} pixel"
      dimension_width_less_than_or_equal_to: "width must be less than or equal to %{length} pixel"
      dimension_height_less_than_or_equal_to: "height must be less than or equal to %{length} pixel"
      dimension_width_equal_to: "width must be equal to %{length} pixel"
      dimension_height_equal_to: "height must be equal to %{length} pixel"
      aspect_ratio_not_square: "must be a square image"
      aspect_ratio_not_portrait: "must be a portrait image"
      aspect_ratio_not_landscape: "must be a landscape image"
      aspect_ratio_is_not: "must have an aspect ratio of %{aspect_ratio}"
      aspect_ratio_unknown: "has an unknown aspect ratio"
      image_not_processable: "is not a valid image"

In several cases, Active Storage Validations provides variables to help you customize messages:

Aspect ratio

The keys starting with aspect_ratio_ support two variables that you can use:

• aspect_ratio containing the expected aspect ratio, especially useful for custom aspect ratio
• filename containing the current file name

For example :

aspect_ratio_is_not: "must be a %{aspect_ratio} image"

Content type

The content_type_invalid key has three variables that you can use:

• content_type containing the content type of the sent file
• authorized_types containing the list of authorized content types
• filename containing the current file name

For example :

content_type_invalid: "has an invalid content type : %{content_type}, authorized types are %{authorized_types}"

Dimension

The keys starting with dimension_ support six variables that you can use:

• min containing the minimum width or height allowed
• max containing the maximum width or height allowed
• width containing the minimum or maximum width allowed
• height containing the minimum or maximum width allowed
• length containing the exact width or height allowed
• filename containing the current file name

For example :

dimension_min_inclusion: "must be greater than or equal to %{width} x %{height} pixel."

File size

The keys starting with file_size_not_ support four variables that you can use:

• file_size containing the current file size
• min containing the minimum file size
• max containing the maximum file size
• filename containing the current file name

For example :

file_size_not_between: "file size must be between %{min_size} and %{max_size} (current size is %{file_size})"

Total file size

The keys starting with total_file_size_not_ support three variables that you can use:

• total_file_size containing the current total file size
• min containing the minimum file size
• max containing the maximum file size

For example :

total_file_size_not_between: "total file size must be between %{min_size} and %{max_size} (current size is %{total_file_size})"

Number of files

The limit_out_of_range key supports two variables that you can use:

• min containing the minimum number of files
• max containing the maximum number of files

For example :

limit_out_of_range: "total number is out of range. range: [%{min}, %{max}]"

Processable image

The image_not_processable key supports one variable that you can use:

• filename containing the current file name

For example :

image_not_processable: "is not a valid image (file: %{filename})"

Installation

Add this line to your application's Gemfile:

gem 'active_storage_validations'

# Optional, to use :dimension validator or :aspect_ratio validator
gem 'mini_magick', '>= 4.9.5'
# Or
gem 'ruby-vips', '>= 2.1.0'

And then execute:

$ bundle

Sample

Very simple example of validation with file attached, content type check and custom error message.

Test matchers

Provides RSpec-compatible and Minitest-compatible matchers for testing the validators. Only aspect_ratio, attached, content_type, dimension, size and total_size validators currently have their matcher developed.

RSpec

In spec_helper.rb, you'll need to require the matchers:

require 'active_storage_validations/matchers'

And include the module:

RSpec.configure do |config|
  config.include ActiveStorageValidations::Matchers
end

Matcher methods available:

describe User do
  # aspect_ratio:
  # #allowing, #rejecting
  it { is_expected.to validate_aspect_ratio_of(:avatar).allowing(:square) }
  it { is_expected.to validate_aspect_ratio_of(:avatar).rejecting(:portrait) }

  # attached
  it { is_expected.to validate_attached_of(:avatar) }

  # content_type:
  # #allowing, #rejecting
  it { is_expected.to validate_content_type_of(:avatar).allowing('image/png', 'image/gif') }
  it { is_expected.to validate_content_type_of(:avatar).rejecting('text/plain', 'text/xml') }

  # dimension:
  # #width, #height, #width_min, #height_min, #width_max, #height_max, #width_between, #height_between
  it { is_expected.to validate_dimensions_of(:avatar).width(250) }
  it { is_expected.to validate_dimensions_of(:avatar).height(200) }
  it { is_expected.to validate_dimensions_of(:avatar).width_min(200) }
  it { is_expected.to validate_dimensions_of(:avatar).height_min(100) }
  it { is_expected.to validate_dimensions_of(:avatar).width_max(500) }
  it { is_expected.to validate_dimensions_of(:avatar).height_max(300) }
  it { is_expected.to validate_dimensions_of(:avatar).width_between(200..500) }
  it { is_expected.to validate_dimensions_of(:avatar).height_between(100..300) }

  # size:
  # #less_than, #less_than_or_equal_to, #greater_than, #greater_than_or_equal_to, #between
  it { is_expected.to validate_size_of(:avatar).less_than(50.kilobytes) }
  it { is_expected.to validate_size_of(:avatar).less_than_or_equal_to(50.kilobytes) }
  it { is_expected.to validate_size_of(:avatar).greater_than(1.kilobyte) }
  it { is_expected.to validate_size_of(:avatar).greater_than_or_equal_to(1.kilobyte) }
  it { is_expected.to validate_size_of(:avatar).between(100..500.kilobytes) }

  # total_size:
  # #less_than, #less_than_or_equal_to, #greater_than, #greater_than_or_equal_to, #between
  it { is_expected.to validate_total_size_of(:avatar).less_than(50.kilobytes) }
  it { is_expected.to validate_total_size_of(:avatar).less_than_or_equal_to(50.kilobytes) }
  it { is_expected.to validate_total_size_of(:avatar).greater_than(1.kilobyte) }
  it { is_expected.to validate_total_size_of(:avatar).greater_than_or_equal_to(1.kilobyte) }
  it { is_expected.to validate_total_size_of(:avatar).between(100..500.kilobytes) }
end

(Note that matcher methods are chainable)

All matchers can currently be customized with Rails validation options:

describe User do
  # :allow_blank
  it { is_expected.to validate_attached_of(:avatar).allow_blank }

  # :on
  it { is_expected.to validate_attached_of(:avatar).on(:update) }
  it { is_expected.to validate_attached_of(:avatar).on(%i[update custom]) }

  # :message
  it { is_expected.to validate_dimensions_of(:avatar).width(250).with_message('Invalid dimensions.') }
end

Minitest

To use the matchers, make sure you have the shoulda-context gem up and running.

You need to require the matchers:

require 'active_storage_validations/matchers'

And extend the module:

class ActiveSupport::TestCase
  extend ActiveStorageValidations::Matchers
end

Then you can use the matchers with the syntax specified in the RSpec section, just use should validate_method instead of it { is_expected_to validate_method } as specified in the shoulda-context gem.

Todo

• verify with remote storages (s3, etc)
• verify how it works with direct upload
• add more translations

Tests & Contributing

To run tests in root folder of gem:

• BUNDLE_GEMFILE=gemfiles/rails_6_1_3_1.gemfile bundle exec rake test to run for Rails 6.1
• BUNDLE_GEMFILE=gemfiles/rails_7_0.gemfile bundle exec rake test to run for Rails 7.0
• BUNDLE_GEMFILE=gemfiles/rails_7_1.gemfile bundle exec rake test to run for Rails 7.0
• BUNDLE_GEMFILE=gemfiles/rails_next.gemfile bundle exec rake test to run for Rails main branch

Snippet to run in console:

BUNDLE_GEMFILE=gemfiles/rails_6_1_3_1.gemfile bundle
BUNDLE_GEMFILE=gemfiles/rails_7_0.gemfile bundle
BUNDLE_GEMFILE=gemfiles/rails_7_1.gemfile bundle
BUNDLE_GEMFILE=gemfiles/rails_next.gemfile bundle
BUNDLE_GEMFILE=gemfiles/rails_6_1_3_1.gemfile bundle exec rake test
BUNDLE_GEMFILE=gemfiles/rails_7_0.gemfile bundle exec rake test
BUNDLE_GEMFILE=gemfiles/rails_7_1.gemfile bundle exec rake test
BUNDLE_GEMFILE=gemfiles/rails_next.gemfile bundle exec rake test

Tips:

• To focus a specific test, use the focus class method provided by minitest-focus
• To focus a specific file, use the TEST option provided by minitest, e.g. to only run size_validator_test.rb file you will execute the following command: bundle exec rake test TEST=test/validators/size_validator_test.rb

Known issues

• There is an issue in Rails which it possible to get if you have added a validation and generating for example an image preview of attachments. It can be fixed with this:

  <% if @user.avatar.attached? && @user.avatar.attachment.blob.present? && @user.avatar.attachment.blob.persisted? %>
    <%= image_tag @user.avatar %>
  <% end %>

This is a Rails issue, and is fixed in Rails 6.

Contributing

You are welcome to contribute.

Contributors (BIG THANK YOU)

• https://github.com/schweigert
• https://github.com/tleneveu
• https://github.com/reckerswartz
• https://github.com/Uysim
• https://github.com/D-system
• https://github.com/ivanelrey
• https://github.com/phlegx
• https://github.com/rr-dev
• https://github.com/dsmalko
• https://github.com/danderozier
• https://github.com/cseelus
• https://github.com/vkinelev
• https://github.com/reed
• https://github.com/connorshea
• https://github.com/Atul9
• https://github.com/victorbueno
• https://github.com/UICJohn
• https://github.com/giovannibonetti
• https://github.com/dlepage
• https://github.com/StefSchenkelaars
• https://github.com/willnet
• https://github.com/mohanklein
• https://github.com/High5Apps
• https://github.com/mschnitzer
• https://github.com/sinankeskin
• https://github.com/alejandrodevs
• https://github.com/molfar
• https://github.com/connorshea
• https://github.com/yshmarov
• https://github.com/fongfan999
• https://github.com/cooperka
• https://github.com/dolarsrg
• https://github.com/jayshepherd
• https://github.com/ohbarye
• https://github.com/randsina
• https://github.com/vietqhoang
• https://github.com/kemenaran
• https://github.com/jrmhaig
• https://github.com/tagliala
• https://github.com/evedovelli
• https://github.com/JuanVqz
• https://github.com/luiseugenio
• https://github.com/equivalent
• https://github.com/NARKOZ
• https://github.com/stephensolis
• https://github.com/kwent
• https://github.com/Animesh-Ghosh
• https://github.com/gr8bit
• https://github.com/codegeek319
• https://github.com/clwy-cn
• https://github.com/kukicola
• https://github.com/sobrinho
• https://github.com/iainbeeston
• https://github.com/marckohlbrugge
• https://github.com/Mth0158
• https://github.com/technicalpickles
• https://github.com/ricsdeol
• https://github.com/Fonsan
• https://github.com/tagliala
• https://github.com/ocarreterom
• https://github.com/aditya-cherukuri

License

The gem is available as open source under the terms of the MIT License.