versions: add k8s 1.31, remove k8s 1.28

[burgerdev]

Context

Kubernetes v1.31.0 was released on 2024-08-13.

Proposed change(s)

• Add 1.31.1
• Drop 1.28
• Only use kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta4 for cluster config - it's supported since v1.28 and v1.31 defaults to using it.
• Pull OpenStack CCM images from registry.k8s.io, because they are not published to docker.io anymore.
• Pull k8s binaries from dl.k8s.io because they are not published to storage.googleapis.com anymore.

Additional info

• AB#4728
• Any additional information or context

Checklist

• Run the E2E tests that are relevant to this PR's changes
  • sonobuoy quick, azure-sev-snp, 1.31
  • sonobuoy quick, gcp-sev-snp, 1.31
  • sonobuoy quick, aws-sev-snp, 1.31
  • Upgrade to v1.31, gcp-sev-snp
  • Upgrade from v1.30 to v1.31,gcp-sev-snp
    • TODO fails and needs investigation
  • Upgrade azure-sev-snp
  • Manual STACKIT test successful, eventually
• Add labels (e.g., for changelog category)
• Is PR title adequate for changelog?
• Link to Milestone

[netlify]

✅ Deploy Preview for constellation-docs canceled.

Name	Link
🔨 Latest commit	91b6435
🔍 Latest deploy log	https://app.netlify.com/sites/constellation-docs/deploys/67127353fddfc20008530847

[3u13r]

gcp,1:2, to K8s 1.31.1 upgrade: https://github.com/edgelesssys/constellation/actions/runs/11252167053
EDIT:

Does that even work? I created #3397 so that we can test 1.30 -> 1.31.

Yeah, I missed that.

[burgerdev]

gcp,1:2, to K8s 1.31.1 upgrade: https://github.com/edgelesssys/constellation/actions/runs/11252167053

Does that even work? I created #3397 so that we can test 1.30 -> 1.31.

[github-actions]

Coverage report

Package	Old	New	Trend
internal/constellation/kubecmd	20.40%	24.30%	↗️
internal/versions	8.70%	8.70%	🚧

[elchead]

checked my files

[elchead]

owned files lgtm