[component][pid] Pid climate add set deadband parameters action

[ngolf]

What does this implement/fix?

Adds actions (climate.pid.set_deadband_control_parameters_multipliers, climate.pid.set_deadband_threshold_parameters) to allow tuning pid deadband multipliers at runtime.

Also adds sensors for PID multipliers and threshold parameters.

Types of changes

• Bugfix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected) — policy
• Developer breaking change (an API change that could break external components) — policy
• Undocumented C++ API change (removal or change of undocumented public methods that lambda users may depend on) — policy
• Code quality improvements to existing code or addition of tests
• Other

Related issue or feature (if applicable):

• fixes

Pull request in esphome-docs with documentation (if applicable):

• [pid] Document deadband multiplier action and sensor types esphome-docs#6268

Test Environment

• ESP32
• ESP32 IDF
• ESP8266
• RP2040/RP2350
• BK72xx
• RTL87xx
• LN882x
• nRF52840

Example entry for config.yaml:

  - platform: template
    id: pid_deadband_kp_multiplier_input
    (...)
    on_value:
      then:
        - climate.pid.set_deadband_control_parameters_multipliers:
            id: chamber_climate
            kp_multiplier: !lambda 'return x;'
            ki_multiplier: !lambda 'return id(pid_deadband_ki_multiplier_input).state;'
            kd_multiplier: !lambda 'return id(pid_deadband_kd_multiplier_input).state;'

Checklist:

• The code change is tested and works locally.
• Tests have been added to verify that the new code works (under tests/ folder).

If user exposed functionality or configuration variables are added/changed:

• Documentation added/updated in esphome-docs.

[github-actions]

To use the changes from this PR as an external component, add the following to your ESPHome configuration YAML file:

external_components:
  - source: github://pr#14730
    components: [pid]
    refresh: 1h

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(Added by the PR bot)

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 75.38%. Comparing base (af5b98c) to head (906c413).

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##              dev   #14730      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   75.36%   75.38%   +0.02%     
==========================================
  Files          55       55              
  Lines       12076    12076              
  Branches     1667     1667              
==========================================
+ Hits         9101     9104       +3     
+ Misses       2558     2556       -2     
+ Partials      417      416       -1     

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[github-actions]

👋 Hi there! I've automatically requested reviews from codeowners based on the files changed in this PR.

@OttoWinter - You've been requested to review this PR as codeowner(s) of 2 file(s) that were modified. Thanks for your time! 🙏

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

Adds runtime tuning and observability for PID deadband multipliers in the PID climate component.

Changes:

• Add a new automation action climate.pid.set_deadband_control_parameters_multipliers to set PID deadband KP/KI/KD multipliers at runtime.
• Add new PID sensor types to expose deadband KP/KI/KD multipliers.
• Extend PID component tests to cover the new action and sensor types.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 6 out of 6 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
tests/components/pid/common.yaml	Adds config coverage for the new deadband multiplier action and new PID sensor types.
esphome/components/pid/sensor/pid_climate_sensor.h	Extends the C++ enum with deadband multiplier sensor types.
esphome/components/pid/sensor/pid_climate_sensor.cpp	Publishes the new deadband multiplier sensor readings from the PIDClimate parent.
esphome/components/pid/sensor/init.py	Exposes the new sensor type strings mapped to the new enum values.
esphome/components/pid/pid_climate.h	Introduces the new automation action class that sets deadband multipliers on the PIDClimate instance.
esphome/components/pid/climate.py	Registers the new automation action and wires templatable config values into the C++ action.

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[github-actions]

Memory Impact Analysis

Components: pid
Platform: esp8266-ard

Metric	Target Branch	This PR	Change
RAM	29,648 bytes	30,128 bytes	📈 🚨 +480 bytes (+1.62%)
Flash	282,063 bytes	284,179 bytes	📈 🔸 +2,116 bytes (+0.75%)

📊 Component Memory Breakdown

Component	Target Flash	PR Flash	Change
[esphome]pid	7,593 bytes	8,268 bytes	📈 🚨 +675 bytes (+8.89%)
app_framework	2,634 bytes	3,268 bytes	📈 +634 bytes (+24.07%)
[esphome]core	6,670 bytes	7,104 bytes	📈 🚨 +434 bytes (+6.51%)
[esphome]sensor	704 bytes	749 bytes	📈 🚨 +45 bytes (+6.39%)
rom_functions	5,522 bytes	5,533 bytes	📈 +11 bytes (+0.20%)

🔍 Symbol-Level Changes (click to expand)

Changed Symbols

Symbol	Target Size	PR Size	Change
setup	933 bytes	1,567 bytes	📈 +634 bytes (+67.95%)
esphome::App	140 bytes	180 bytes	📈 +40 bytes (+28.57%)
esphome::entity_uom_lookup(unsigned char)	5 bytes	21 bytes	📈 +16 bytes (+320.00%)
esphome::EntityBase::configure_entity_(char const*, unsigned int, unsigned int)	165 bytes	177 bytes	📈 +12 bytes (+7.27%)
esphome::sensor::log_sensor(char const*, char const*, char const*, esphome::sensor::Sensor*)	176 bytes	184 bytes	📈 +8 bytes (+4.55%)
esphome::EntityBase::get_unit_of_measurement_ref() const	33 bytes	37 bytes	📈 +4 bytes (+12.12%)
esphome::Application::register_component_impl_(esphome::Component*, bool)	35 bytes	38 bytes	📈 +3 bytes (+8.57%)
esphome::sensor::Sensor::Sensor()	37 bytes	40 bytes	📈 +3 bytes (+8.11%)
setup::__pstr__	12 bytes	11 bytes	📉 -1 bytes (-8.33%)

New Symbols (top 15)

Symbol	Size
esphome::pid::PIDClimateSensor::update_from_parent_()	299 bytes
void std::vector<esphome::Callback<void ()>, std::allocator<esphome::Callback<void ()> > >::_M_re... void std::vector<esphome::Callback<void ()>, std::allocator<esphome::Callback<void ()> > >::_M_realloc_insert<esphome::Callback<void ()> const&>(__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<esphome::Callback<void ()>*, std::vector<esphome::Callback<void ()>, std::allocator<esphome::Callback<void ()> > > >, esphome::Callback<void ()> const&)	198 bytes
esphome::TemplatableValue<float>::operator=(esphome::TemplatableValue<float>&&) [$part$0]	85 bytes
esphome::pid::PIDClimateSensor::setup()	64 bytes
esphome::pid::PIDSetDeadbandControlParametersMultipliersAction<>::play()	60 bytes
esphome::log_entity_icon(char const*, char const*, esphome::EntityBase const&)	59 bytes
pid__pid_threshold_high__pstorage	52 bytes
pid__pid_kd_multiplier__pstorage	52 bytes
pid__pid_kp_multiplier__pstorage	52 bytes
pid__pid_ki_multiplier__pstorage	52 bytes
pid__pid_threshold_low__pstorage	52 bytes
esphome::pid::PIDClimateSensor::PIDClimateSensor()	49 bytes
vtable for esphome::pid::PIDClimateSensor	48 bytes
esphome::EntityBase::get_icon_to(std::span<char, 64u>) const	48 bytes
esphome::pid::PIDSetDeadbandThresholdParametersAction<>::play()	43 bytes
17 more new symbols...	Total: 1,529 bytes

Removed Symbols (top 15)

Symbol	Size
esphome::TemplatableValue<float>::operator=(esphome::TemplatableValue<float>&&) [$isra$0]	89 bytes

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Note: This analysis measures static RAM and Flash usage only (compile-time allocation).
Dynamic memory (heap) cannot be measured automatically.
⚠️ You must test this PR on a real device to measure free heap and ensure no runtime memory issues.

This analysis runs automatically when components change. Memory usage is measured from a representative test configuration.