[lis2dh12_base][lis2dh12_i2c] (PR 2/3) Add event detection, orientation, and automation triggers

[latonita]

PR1: Base I2C #14788
PR2: Triggers #14804
PR3: SPI #14805

What does this implement/fix?

Add event detection and orientation features to the LIS2DH12 accelerometer component (introduced in #14788):

• Binary sensors: tap, double-tap, freefall, activity detection with 500ms debounce
• Text sensor: 6D orientation (X/Y/Z Up/Down)
• Automation triggers: on_tap, on_double_tap, on_freefall, on_active, on_orientation

Note: This PR depends on #14788 and should be merged after it.

Types of changes

• Bugfix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected) — policy
• Developer breaking change (an API change that could break external components) — policy
• Undocumented C++ API change (removal or change of undocumented public methods that lambda users may depend on) — policy
• Code quality improvements to existing code or addition of tests
• Other

Related issue or feature (if applicable):

• Depends on [lis2dh12_base][lis2dh12_i2c] (PR 1/3) Add new component for ST LIS2DH12 accelerometer #14788

Pull request in esphome-docs with documentation (if applicable):

• [lis2dh12] [PR 2/3] Event detection and automation triggers documentation esphome-docs#6286

Test Environment

• ESP32
• ESP32 IDF
• ESP8266
• RP2040/RP2350
• BK72xx
• RTL87xx
• LN882x
• nRF52840

Example entry for config.yaml:

i2c:
  sda: GPIO21
  scl: GPIO22

lis2dh12_i2c:
  id: lis2dh12_accel
  range: 4G
  resolution: high
  output_data_rate: 100Hz
  update_interval: 10s
  on_tap:
    - logger.log: "Tapped"
  on_double_tap:
    - logger.log: "Double tapped"
  on_freefall:
    - logger.log: "Freefall detected"
  on_active:
    - logger.log: "Activity detected"
  on_orientation:
    - logger.log: "Orientation changed"

sensor:
  - platform: lis2dh12_base
    lis2dh12_id: lis2dh12_accel
    acceleration_x: "Accel X"
    acceleration_y: "Accel Y"
    acceleration_z: "Accel Z"

text_sensor:
  - platform: lis2dh12_base
    lis2dh12_id: lis2dh12_accel
    orientation: "Orientation"

binary_sensor:
  - platform: lis2dh12_base
    lis2dh12_id: lis2dh12_accel
    tap: "Single tap"
    double_tap: "Double tap"
    freefall: "Freefall"
    active:
      name: "Active"
      filters:
        - delayed_off: 5000ms

Checklist:

• The code change is tested and works locally.
• Tests have been added to verify that the new code works (under tests/ folder).

If user exposed functionality or configuration variables are added/changed:

• Documentation added/updated in esphome-docs.

[github-actions]

To use the changes from this PR as an external component, add the following to your ESPHome configuration YAML file:

external_components:
  - source: github://pr#14804
    components: [lis2dh12_base, lis2dh12_i2c]
    refresh: 1h

---

(Added by the PR bot)

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 75.34%. Comparing base (33f9ad9) to head (13fb02b).
⚠️ Report is 60 commits behind head on dev.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##              dev   #14804   +/-   ##
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  Coverage   75.34%   75.34%           
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  Files          55       55           
  Lines       12038    12038           
  Branches     1665     1665           
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  Hits         9070     9070           
  Misses       2543     2543           
  Partials      425      425           

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[Copilot]

Pull request overview

Adds a new LIS2DH12 accelerometer implementation split into a reusable lis2dh12_base core plus an lis2dh12_i2c bus variant, along with YAML build fixtures to exercise the new configuration on multiple targets. This enables exposing acceleration, event-style binary sensors, orientation text sensor, and automation triggers through the shared base.

Changes:

• Introduce lis2dh12_base core (C++ + Python schemas) with acceleration reading, event processing, and automation triggers.
• Add lis2dh12_i2c component wiring the base to ESPHome’s I2C device API (incl. multi-byte auto-increment behavior).
• Add component build-test YAMLs for ESP32 (Arduino/IDF), ESP8266, and RP2040 + update CODEOWNERS.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 15 out of 15 changed files in this pull request and generated 3 comments.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
tests/components/lis2dh12_i2c/test.rp2040-ard.yaml	Adds RP2040 Arduino build fixture including shared config.
tests/components/lis2dh12_i2c/test.esp8266-ard.yaml	Adds ESP8266 Arduino build fixture including shared config.
tests/components/lis2dh12_i2c/test.esp32-idf.yaml	Adds ESP32 IDF build fixture including shared config.
tests/components/lis2dh12_i2c/test.esp32-ard.yaml	Adds ESP32 Arduino build fixture including shared config.
tests/components/lis2dh12_i2c/common.yaml	Shared configuration covering component setup, sensors, text sensor, binary sensors, and automations.
esphome/components/lis2dh12_i2c/lis2dh12_i2c.h	Declares I2C variant implementing the base bus abstraction.
esphome/components/lis2dh12_i2c/lis2dh12_i2c.cpp	Implements dump_config() for the I2C variant.
esphome/components/lis2dh12_i2c/init.py	Python config schema + codegen for the I2C component.
esphome/components/lis2dh12_base/text_sensor.py	Adds orientation text sensor platform wiring into the base hub.
esphome/components/lis2dh12_base/sensor.py	Adds acceleration sensor platform wiring into the base hub.
esphome/components/lis2dh12_base/binary_sensor.py	Adds event binary sensor platform wiring (tap/double/freefall/active).
esphome/components/lis2dh12_base/init.py	Defines shared schema, enums, and builds automations for triggers.
esphome/components/lis2dh12_base/lis2dh12_base.h	Declares the base component, register map, state, and triggers.
esphome/components/lis2dh12_base/lis2dh12_base.cpp	Implements setup, register configuration, acceleration reads, and event/orientation processing.
CODEOWNERS	Adds ownership entries for the new LIS2DH12 component directories.