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fix(core): StreamString performance improvements with large buffers (positional index instead of memory move) #11232

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@mathieucarbou mathieucarbou commented Apr 8, 2025

Using StreamString on large buffers causes large movements of memory data when reading which can cause the TWDT to trigger, heap fragmentation or crash due to allocation failures.

StreamString is definitely slower than cbuf.h for large buffers.

Explanation of the issue with a small MRE: ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer#148 (comment)

This issue was discovered in the OpenDTU project : tbnobody/OpenDTU#2535

Note: the code is not tested yet: this is a proposal meant to open a discussion on a solution.

Sadly it does not solve the issue fully but aims at being backward compatible. It avoids at least to do a memory move for each byte read.

This implementation version (unlike #11229) aims at avoiding any memory move when reading, so that the reading can be really fast. Heap consumption stays the same since the String is not manipulated. As such, the backing String, if accessed through the API, will not change, which is a difference in behaviour, so this implementation is not really backward compatible.

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@mathieucarbou mathieucarbou changed the title fix(core): StreamString performance improvements fix(core): StreamString performance improvements (positional index instead of memory move) Apr 8, 2025
@mathieucarbou mathieucarbou changed the title fix(core): StreamString performance improvements (positional index instead of memory move) fix(core): StreamString performance improvements with large buffers (positional index instead of memory move) Apr 8, 2025
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Test Results

 76 files   76 suites   12m 48s ⏱️
 38 tests  38 ✅ 0 💤 0 ❌
241 runs  241 ✅ 0 💤 0 ❌

Results for commit b1b6615.

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Memory usage test (comparing PR against master branch)

The table below shows the summary of memory usage change (decrease - increase) in bytes and percentage for each target.

MemoryFLASH [bytes]FLASH [%]RAM [bytes]RAM [%]
TargetDECINCDECINCDECINCDECINC
ESP32P4💚 -132⚠️ +26💚 -0.020.00000.000.00
ESP32S3💚 -100⚠️ +16💚 -0.020.00000.000.00
ESP32S2💚 -100⚠️ +16💚 -0.030.00000.000.00
ESP32C3💚 -134⚠️ +26💚 -0.010.00000.000.00
ESP32C6💚 -134⚠️ +28💚 -0.010.00000.000.00
ESP32H20⚠️ +280.000.00000.000.00
ESP32💚 -84⚠️ +20💚 -0.010.00000.000.00
Click to expand the detailed deltas report [usage change in BYTES]
TargetESP32P4ESP32S3ESP32S2ESP32C3ESP32C6ESP32H2ESP32
ExampleFLASHRAMFLASHRAMFLASHRAMFLASHRAMFLASHRAMFLASHRAMFLASHRAM
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USB/examples/Gamepad00💚 -880💚 -880--------
USB/examples/HIDVendor00💚 -880💚 -880--------
USB/examples/Keyboard/KeyboardLogout00💚 -880💚 -880--------
USB/examples/Keyboard/KeyboardMessage00💚 -880💚 -880--------
USB/examples/Keyboard/KeyboardReprogram00💚 -880💚 -880--------
USB/examples/Keyboard/KeyboardSerial00💚 -880💚 -880--------
USB/examples/KeyboardAndMouseControl00💚 -880💚 -880--------
USB/examples/MIDI/MidiController00💚 -880💚 -880--------
USB/examples/MIDI/MidiInterface00💚 -880💚 -880--------
USB/examples/MIDI/MidiMusicBox00💚 -880💚 -880--------
USB/examples/MIDI/ReceiveMidi00💚 -880💚 -880--------
USB/examples/Mouse/ButtonMouseControl00💚 -880💚 -880--------
USB/examples/SystemControl00💚 -880💚 -880--------
USB/examples/USBMSC00💚 -880💚 -880--------
USB/examples/USBSerial00💚 -880💚 -880--------
USB/examples/USBVendor00💚 -880💚 -880--------
Update/examples/AWS_S3_OTA_Update0000000000--00
Update/examples/HTTPS_OTA_Update0000000000--00
Update/examples/HTTP_Client_AES_OTA_Update⚠️ +220⚠️ +12000⚠️ +220⚠️ +220--⚠️ +120
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Update/examples/OTAWebUpdater💚 -1320💚 -880💚 -880💚 -1320💚 -1320--💚 -760
Update/examples/SD_Update00000000000000
WebServer/examples/AdvancedWebServer0000000000--00
WebServer/examples/FSBrowser0000000000--00
WebServer/examples/Filters0000000000--00
WebServer/examples/HelloServer0000000000--00
WebServer/examples/HttpAdvancedAuth0000000000--00
WebServer/examples/HttpAuthCallback0000000000--00
WebServer/examples/HttpAuthCallbackInline0000000000--00
WebServer/examples/HttpBasicAuth0000000000--00
WebServer/examples/HttpBasicAuthSHA10000000000--00
WebServer/examples/HttpBasicAuthSHA1orBearerToken0000000000--00
WebServer/examples/MultiHomedServers0000000000--00
WebServer/examples/PathArgServer0000000000--00
WebServer/examples/SDWebServer0000000000--00
WebServer/examples/SimpleAuthentification0000000000--00
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WiFi/examples/WiFiExtender0000000000--00
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WiFi/examples/WiFiMulti0000000000--00
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WiFi/examples/WiFiScanAsync0000000000--00
WiFi/examples/WiFiScanDualAntenna0000000000--00
WiFi/examples/WiFiScanTime0000000000--00
WiFi/examples/WiFiTelnetToSerial0000000000--00
WiFi/examples/WiFiUDPClient0000000000--⚠️ +160
Wire/examples/WireMaster00000000000000
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Wire/examples/WireSlave00000000000000
BLE/examples/BLE5_extended_scan--00--000000--
BLE/examples/BLE5_multi_advertising--00--000000--
BLE/examples/BLE5_periodic_advertising--00--000000--
BLE/examples/BLE5_periodic_sync--00--000000--
BLE/examples/Beacon_Scanner--00--00000000
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BLE/examples/EddystoneTLM_Beacon--00--00000000
BLE/examples/EddystoneURL_Beacon--00--00000000
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BLE/examples/iBeacon--00--00000000
ESP32/examples/Camera/CameraWebServer (1)--0000------00
ESP32/examples/Camera/CameraWebServer (2)--0000------00
ESP32/examples/Camera/CameraWebServer (3)--00----------
ESP32/examples/DeepSleep/ExternalWakeUp--0000------00
ESP_NOW/examples/ESP_NOW_Broadcast_Master--00000000--00
ESP_NOW/examples/ESP_NOW_Broadcast_Slave--00000000--00
ESP_NOW/examples/ESP_NOW_Network--00000000--00
ESP_NOW/examples/ESP_NOW_Serial--00000000--00
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Insights/examples/DiagnosticsSmokeTest--00000000--00
Insights/examples/MinimalDiagnostics--00000000--00
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OpenThread/examples/SimpleCLI--------0000--
OpenThread/examples/SimpleNode--------⚠️ +280⚠️ +280--
OpenThread/examples/SimpleThreadNetwork/ExtendedRouterNode--------⚠️ +260⚠️ +280--
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Zigbee/examples/Zigbee_Illuminance_Sensor--------0000--
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Zigbee/examples/Zigbee_On_Off_Light--------0000--
Zigbee/examples/Zigbee_PM25_Sensor--------0000--
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Zigbee/examples/Zigbee_Temp_Hum_Sensor_Sleepy--------0000--
Zigbee/examples/Zigbee_Temperature_Sensor--------0000--
Zigbee/examples/Zigbee_Vibration_Sensor--------0000--
Zigbee/examples/Zigbee_Wind_Speed_Sensor--------0000--
Zigbee/examples/Zigbee_Window_Covering--------0000--
BluetoothSerial/examples/DiscoverConnect------------00
BluetoothSerial/examples/GetLocalMAC------------00
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BluetoothSerial/examples/SerialToSerialBTM------------00
BluetoothSerial/examples/SerialToSerialBT_Legacy------------00
BluetoothSerial/examples/SerialToSerialBT_SSP------------00
BluetoothSerial/examples/bt_classic_device_discovery------------00
BluetoothSerial/examples/bt_remove_paired_devices------------00
ESP32/examples/DeepSleep/SmoothBlink_ULP_Code------------00
Ethernet/examples/ETH_LAN8720------------00

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SuGlider commented Apr 9, 2025

Question about this PR: if there are 2 tasks (producer/consumer), one writes data to the StreamString and the other reads data from the same StreamString, wouldn't its String Buffer grow for ever?

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SuGlider commented Apr 9, 2025

For the issue with buffers, I'd suggest using some other structure, such as this one:
https://github.com/arduino/ArduinoCore-samd/blob/master/libraries/I2S/src/utility/I2SDoubleBuffer.cpp
It implements all necessary functions, but it has a fixed size buffer.
An extension to this implementation could be a linked list of "buffers" (String pointers) that could grow as necessary.
It can use a positional index within the String that is being read at that moment.
The linked list can grow or shrink as necessary by creating/destroying Strings and adding/removing it pointers in a linked list.
As data is read, whenever a memory block is fully read, memory can be deleted, returning to the heap.

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