feat: use raise ... from ... idiom

firebase_admin/__init__.py

@@ -175,11 +175,13 @@ def _load_from_environment(self):
                 with open(config_file, 'r') as json_file:
                     json_str = json_file.read()
             except Exception as err:
-                raise ValueError('Unable to read file {}. {}'.format(config_file, err))
+                raise ValueError('Unable to read file {}. {}'.format(config_file, err)) from err
         try:
             json_data = json.loads(json_str)
         except Exception as err:
-            raise ValueError('JSON string "{0}" is not valid json. {1}'.format(json_str, err))
+            raise ValueError(
+                'JSON string "{0}" is not valid json. {1}'.format(json_str, err)
+            ) from err
         return {k: v for k, v in json_data.items() if k in _CONFIG_VALID_KEYS}
 
 

firebase_admin/_auth_providers.py

@@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ def _make_request(self, method, path, **kwargs):
         try:
             return self.http_client.body(method, url, **kwargs)
         except requests.exceptions.RequestException as error:
-            raise _auth_utils.handle_auth_backend_error(error)
+            raise _auth_utils.handle_auth_backend_error(error) from error
 
 
 def _validate_oidc_provider_id(provider_id):

firebase_admin/_token_gen.py

@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ def signing_provider(self):
                     'Failed to determine service account: {0}. Make sure to initialize the SDK '
                     'with service account credentials or specify a service account ID with '
                     'iam.serviceAccounts.signBlob permission. Please refer to {1} for more '
-                    'details on creating custom tokens.'.format(error, url))
+                    'details on creating custom tokens.'.format(error, url)) from error
         return self._signing_provider
 
     def create_custom_token(self, uid, developer_claims=None, tenant_id=None):
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ def create_custom_token(self, uid, developer_claims=None, tenant_id=None):
             return jwt.encode(signing_provider.signer, payload, header=header)
         except google.auth.exceptions.TransportError as error:
             msg = 'Failed to sign custom token. {0}'.format(error)
-            raise TokenSignError(msg, error)
+            raise TokenSignError(msg, error) from error
 
 
     def create_session_cookie(self, id_token, expires_in):
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ def create_session_cookie(self, id_token, expires_in):
         try:
             body, http_resp = self.http_client.body_and_response('post', url, json=payload)
         except requests.exceptions.RequestException as error:
-            raise _auth_utils.handle_auth_backend_error(error)
+            raise _auth_utils.handle_auth_backend_error(error) from error
         else:
             if not body or not body.get('sessionCookie'):
                 raise _auth_utils.UnexpectedResponseError(
@@ -397,19 +397,19 @@ def verify(self, token, request):
             verified_claims['uid'] = verified_claims['sub']
             return verified_claims
         except google.auth.exceptions.TransportError as error:
-            raise CertificateFetchError(str(error), cause=error)
+            raise CertificateFetchError(str(error), cause=error) from error
         except ValueError as error:
             if 'Token expired' in str(error):
-                raise self._expired_token_error(str(error), cause=error)
-            raise self._invalid_token_error(str(error), cause=error)
+                raise self._expired_token_error(str(error), cause=error) from error
+            raise self._invalid_token_error(str(error), cause=error) from error
 
     def _decode_unverified(self, token):
         try:
             header = jwt.decode_header(token)
             payload = jwt.decode(token, verify=False)
             return header, payload
         except ValueError as error:
-            raise self._invalid_token_error(str(error), cause=error)
+            raise self._invalid_token_error(str(error), cause=error) from error
 
 
 class TokenSignError(exceptions.UnknownError):

firebase_admin/_user_mgt.py

@@ -841,7 +841,7 @@ def _make_request(self, method, path, **kwargs):
         try:
             return self.http_client.body_and_response(method, url, **kwargs)
         except requests.exceptions.RequestException as error:
-            raise _auth_utils.handle_auth_backend_error(error)
+            raise _auth_utils.handle_auth_backend_error(error) from error
 
 
 class _UserIterator(_auth_utils.PageIterator):

firebase_admin/app_check.py

@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ def _decode_and_verify(self, token: str, signing_key: str):
         except InvalidTokenError as exception:
             raise ValueError(
                 f'Decoding App Check token failed. Error: {exception}'
-                )
+                ) from exception
 
         audience = payload.get('aud')
         if not isinstance(audience, list) or self._scoped_project_id not in audience:

firebase_admin/credentials.py

@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ def __init__(self, cert):
                 json_data, scopes=_scopes)
         except ValueError as error:
             raise ValueError('Failed to initialize a certificate credential. '
-                             'Caused by: "{0}"'.format(error))
+                             'Caused by: "{0}"'.format(error)) from error
 
     @property
     def project_id(self):

firebase_admin/db.py

@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ def set_if_unchanged(self, expected_etag, value):
                 snapshot = http_response.json()
                 return False, snapshot, etag
 
-            raise error
+            raise
 
     def push(self, value=''):
         """Creates a new child node.
@@ -470,7 +470,7 @@ def _listen_with_session(self, callback, session=None):
             sse = _sseclient.SSEClient(url, session)
             return ListenerRegistration(callback, sse)
         except requests.exceptions.RequestException as error:
-            raise _Client.handle_rtdb_error(error)
+            raise _Client.handle_rtdb_error(error) from error
 
 
 class Query:
@@ -928,7 +928,7 @@ def request(self, method, url, **kwargs):
         try:
             return super(_Client, self).request(method, url, **kwargs)
         except requests.exceptions.RequestException as error:
-            raise _Client.handle_rtdb_error(error)
+            raise _Client.handle_rtdb_error(error) from error
 
     def create_listener_session(self):
         return _sseclient.KeepAuthSession(self.credential)

firebase_admin/instance_id.py

@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ def delete_instance_id(self, instance_id):
             self._client.request('delete', path)
         except requests.exceptions.RequestException as error:
             msg = self._extract_message(instance_id, error)
-            raise _utils.handle_requests_error(error, msg)
+            raise _utils.handle_requests_error(error, msg) from error
 
     def _extract_message(self, instance_id, error):
         if error.response is None:

firebase_admin/messaging.py

@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ def send(self, message, dry_run=False):
                 json=data
             )
         except requests.exceptions.RequestException as error:
-            raise self._handle_fcm_error(error)
+            raise self._handle_fcm_error(error) from error
         else:
             return resp['name']
 
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ def batch_callback(_, response, error):
         try:
             batch.execute()
         except Exception as error:
-            raise self._handle_batch_error(error)
+            raise self._handle_batch_error(error) from error
         else:
             return BatchResponse(responses)
 
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ def make_topic_management_request(self, tokens, topic, operation):
                 headers=_MessagingService.IID_HEADERS
             )
         except requests.exceptions.RequestException as error:
-            raise self._handle_iid_error(error)
+            raise self._handle_iid_error(error) from error
         else:
             return TopicManagementResponse(resp)
 

firebase_admin/ml.py

@@ -855,7 +855,7 @@ def get_operation(self, op_name):
         try:
             return self._operation_client.body('get', url=op_name)
         except requests.exceptions.RequestException as error:
-            raise _utils.handle_platform_error_from_requests(error)
+            raise _utils.handle_platform_error_from_requests(error) from error
 
     def _exponential_backoff(self, current_attempt, stop_time):
         """Sleeps for the appropriate amount of time. Or throws deadline exceeded."""
@@ -932,7 +932,7 @@ def create_model(self, model):
             return self.handle_operation(
                 self._client.body('post', url='models', json=model.as_dict(for_upload=True)))
         except requests.exceptions.RequestException as error:
-            raise _utils.handle_platform_error_from_requests(error)
+            raise _utils.handle_platform_error_from_requests(error) from error
 
     def update_model(self, model, update_mask=None):
         _validate_model(model, update_mask)
@@ -943,7 +943,7 @@ def update_model(self, model, update_mask=None):
             return self.handle_operation(
                 self._client.body('patch', url=path, json=model.as_dict(for_upload=True)))
         except requests.exceptions.RequestException as error:
-            raise _utils.handle_platform_error_from_requests(error)
+            raise _utils.handle_platform_error_from_requests(error) from error
 
     def set_published(self, model_id, publish):
         _validate_model_id(model_id)
@@ -961,7 +961,7 @@ def get_model(self, model_id):
         try:
             return self._client.body('get', url='models/{0}'.format(model_id))
         except requests.exceptions.RequestException as error:
-            raise _utils.handle_platform_error_from_requests(error)
+            raise _utils.handle_platform_error_from_requests(error) from error
 
     def list_models(self, list_filter, page_size, page_token):
         """ lists Firebase ML models."""
@@ -982,11 +982,11 @@ def list_models(self, list_filter, page_size, page_token):
         try:
             return self._client.body('get', url=path)
         except requests.exceptions.RequestException as error:
-            raise _utils.handle_platform_error_from_requests(error)
+            raise _utils.handle_platform_error_from_requests(error) from error
 
     def delete_model(self, model_id):
         _validate_model_id(model_id)
         try:
             self._client.body('delete', url='models/{0}'.format(model_id))
         except requests.exceptions.RequestException as error:
-            raise _utils.handle_platform_error_from_requests(error)
+            raise _utils.handle_platform_error_from_requests(error) from error

firebase_admin/project_management.py

@@ -661,4 +661,4 @@ def _body_and_response(self, method, url, json=None):
         try:
             return self._client.body_and_response(method=method, url=url, json=json)
         except requests.exceptions.RequestException as error:
-            raise _utils.handle_platform_error_from_requests(error)
+            raise _utils.handle_platform_error_from_requests(error) from error

firebase_admin/tenant_mgt.py

@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ def get_tenant(self, tenant_id):
         try:
             body = self.client.body('get', '/tenants/{0}'.format(tenant_id))
         except requests.exceptions.RequestException as error:
-            raise _auth_utils.handle_auth_backend_error(error)
+            raise _auth_utils.handle_auth_backend_error(error) from error
         else:
             return Tenant(body)
 
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ def create_tenant(
         try:
             body = self.client.body('post', '/tenants', json=payload)
         except requests.exceptions.RequestException as error:
-            raise _auth_utils.handle_auth_backend_error(error)
+            raise _auth_utils.handle_auth_backend_error(error) from error
         else:
             return Tenant(body)
 
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ def update_tenant(
         try:
             body = self.client.body('patch', url, json=payload, params=params)
         except requests.exceptions.RequestException as error:
-            raise _auth_utils.handle_auth_backend_error(error)
+            raise _auth_utils.handle_auth_backend_error(error) from error
         else:
             return Tenant(body)
 
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ def delete_tenant(self, tenant_id):
         try:
             self.client.request('delete', '/tenants/{0}'.format(tenant_id))
         except requests.exceptions.RequestException as error:
-            raise _auth_utils.handle_auth_backend_error(error)
+            raise _auth_utils.handle_auth_backend_error(error) from error
 
     def list_tenants(self, page_token=None, max_results=_MAX_LIST_TENANTS_RESULTS):
         """Retrieves a batch of tenants."""
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ def list_tenants(self, page_token=None, max_results=_MAX_LIST_TENANTS_RESULTS):
         try:
             return self.client.body('get', '/tenants', params=payload)
         except requests.exceptions.RequestException as error:
-            raise _auth_utils.handle_auth_backend_error(error)
+            raise _auth_utils.handle_auth_backend_error(error) from error
 
 
 class ListTenantsPage: