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# 4.6 全局负载均衡 | ||
# 4.6 全局负载均衡设计 | ||
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未来的负载均衡系统会越来越将单个负载均衡器看做通用组件。 | ||
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图 13 展示了全局负载均衡系统的一个例子。这个例子包含如下内容: | ||
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- 每个边车代理(Sidecar Proxy)同时和位于三个 zone 的后端通信; | ||
- 根据图,可以看到 90% 的流量到了 zone C,zone A 和 B 各只有 5%; | ||
- 边车代理和后端定期向全局负载均衡器汇报状态。这使得全局负载均衡器可以基于延迟、负载、请求失败率等参数做出决策; | ||
- 全局负载均衡器定期配置每个 sidecar 的路由信息。 | ||
- 边车代理和后端定期向全局负载均衡器汇报状态。全局负载均衡器根据延迟、负载、请求失败率等参数做出最合适的决策; | ||
- 全局负载均衡器向边车代理下发决策。根据图,可以看到 90% 的流量到了 zone C,zone A 和 B 各只有 5%。 | ||
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:::center | ||
<br/> | ||
<br/> | ||
图 4-10 全局负载均衡器 | ||
::: | ||
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全局负载均衡器可以做越来越复杂、单个负载均衡器无法完成的事情。例如: | ||
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- 在多个 Zone 间实现自动故障转移(failover),在特定区域出现中断或高负载时,将流量切换到其他可用区域。 | ||
- 应用全局安全和路由策略 | ||
- 在多个 Zone 间实现自动故障转移:特定区域出现中断或高负载时,将流量切换到其他可用区域。 | ||
- 使用机器学习和神经网络技术检测和缓解流量异常,包括 DDoS 攻击 | ||
- 应用全局安全和路由策略,确保整个系统配置的一致性 | ||
- 提供可视化运维平台,帮助工程师直观地理解和维护整个分布式系统。 | ||
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全局负载均衡器在服务网格领域称为控制平面(control plane)。控制平面专注于决策生成、管理和下发,数据平面专注于高效地执行这些决策。二者相辅相成的分离式设计是现代网络架构的核心设计原则。 | ||
现代软件发展的主流趋势是分离式设计。全局负载均衡器在服务网格领域称为控制平面(control plane)。控制平面专注决策生成、管理和下发,数据平面专注地执行这些决策。 |
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