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# 6.7 小结 | ||
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作为分布式系统的入口,负载均衡领域竞争激烈,技术创新层出不穷。但从处理请求的网络层次划分,所有的负载均衡器可分为两类,四层负载均衡和七层负载均衡。 | ||
负载均衡作为分布式系统的入口,直接影响整个系统的行为。因此,这一领域的竞争异常激烈,技术创新不断涌现。 | ||
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- 四层负载均衡器处理传输层连接,功能相对简单,主要依赖 IP 地址和端口信息进行流量分发。随着技术的不断演进,传统负载均衡设备(如 F5)逐渐被通用服务器加上专用软件(如 IPVS、DPDK、fd.io)的方案取代。例如,一台普通物理主机,基于 DPDK 开发的流量转发或数据包处理场景下,能轻松达突破百万到数千万的 PPS(Packets Per Second,每秒处理的数据包数量)指标。 | ||
- 七层负载均衡器处理应用层流量,职责更广、功能丰富。如处理 HTTP 请求、SSL 卸载、URL 路由、Cookie 路由等。这几年,源于微服务架构的快速发展,七层负载均衡领域十分活跃,像传统代理软件(如 NGINX、HAProxy),逐渐被更适应动态微服务架构后来者(如 Envoy、Traefik...)替代。 | ||
总体来看,传统的硬件负载均衡设备(如 F5)正逐步被基于通用服务器和专用软件(如 IPVS、DPDK、fd.io)的解决方案所取代。例如,基于 DPDK 的流量转发和数据包处理技术,在普通物理主机上即可轻松突破百万至数千万的每秒数据包处理能力(PPS)。在七层负载均衡领域,随着微服务架构的快速发展,传统代理软件(如 NGINX、HAProxy)逐渐被更适应动态微服务环境的解决方案(如 Envoy、Traefik)所取代。 | ||
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总体而言,随着技术架构逐步向云厂商主导的 IaaS、CaaS 和 FaaS 模式演进,未来工程师将很少需要关注物理网络的工作原理,隐藏在 XaaS 模式之下的各类网络技术,正逐渐演变为“黑科技”。 | ||
随着技术架构逐步向云厂商主导的 IaaS、CaaS 和 FaaS 模式演进,未来工程师将很少需要关注物理网络的工作原理,隐藏在 XaaS 模式之下的各类网络技术,正逐渐演变为“黑科技”。 |
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