Add QUERY route method support

[Afcyy]

This PR adds first-class routing support for the HTTP QUERY method.

Laravel already supports custom methods through Route::match() and Router::addRoute(), but there is no native Route::query() helper like there is for get, post, put, patch, delete, and options.

With this change, applications can define QUERY routes directly:

Route::query('/search', function () {
    return request()->input('filter');
});

QUERY is also included in Route::any(), exposed through the route registrar and facade docs, and treated as a read request by PreventRequestForgery.

That last part is important because QUERY is defined as a safe HTTP method, so it should behave like GET, HEAD, and OPTIONS for CSRF purposes.

Tests cover direct router dispatching, route registrar usage, framework integration, cached routes, and CSRF middleware behavior.

[taylorotwell]

Since you're updating a contract this would need to go to master branch. Thanks!

[Afcyy]

Thanks, I'll retarget this to master.

[Afcyy]

I opened a new PR targeting master with the same change, rebased cleanly: #60655