[13.x] Add Http::query() method to the HTTP client

[shanerbaner82]

The HTTP QUERY method was recently published as RFC 10008 on the IETF Standards Track: a safe, cacheable method that carries its query in the request body, enabling expressive queries without the URL-length and cacheability trade-offs of GET vs. POST.

Support for QUERY is landing across the ecosystem — Symfony chose its HTTP client as the first component to support it — and it is arriving in Laravel via #60655 (routing, master) and #60662 (testing helpers, 13.x). This PR completes the story for the consuming side: Laravel's HTTP client has a method per verb (get, head, post, put, patch, delete) but no way to issue a QUERY request without dropping down to Http::send('QUERY', ...).

$response = Http::query('https://api.example.com/search', [
    'filter' => ['status' => 'active'],
]);

The method mirrors post() exactly: data is sent in the request body using the pending request's body format (JSON by default, form-urlencoded via asForm(), etc.), which matches RFC 10008's body-carried query semantics. withQueryParameters() and the $query argument to get() are unaffected and continue to control the query string.

Fully backward compatible — purely additive, no contracts changed, and PendingRequest had no existing query() method. Tests cover the default JSON body format and asForm(), asserting the method and body placement through Http::fake().

Related: #60655, #60662, discussion #60564

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

[Vectorial1024]

Concept first mentioned by issue #60564, in case we want extra discussion.