Update autoinstrumentation image builds to support all supported Python versions

[tammy-baylis-swi]

Component(s)

auto-instrumentation

Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.

Python autoinstrumentation is built using Python 3.11 with musl support. The build pre-installs Otel Python packages. This becomes an issue when dependencies-of-dependencies, etc drop support for certain Python versions.

For example (at time of writing): the Python OTLP HTTP exporter depends on requests ~= 2.7 and that depends on "urllib3>=1.21.1,<3". urllib 2.3.0 is the latest and drops support of Python 3.8. If image is built in Python 3.11 then urllib3 2.3.0 will be installed. This does not work when image is used under Python 3.8.

Describe the solution you'd like

Update autoinstrumentation image builds to support all supported Python versions. One option: create CI so that image builds happen per Python version.

Describe alternatives you've considered

No response

Additional context

#3616

[emdneto]

One concern will be the image size. I did a PoC; the docker image size was ~350 MB. Would that be a problem?