Update Java SDK Configuration page

[jaydeluca]

Closes #4578

Follows up on additional feedback from #4377

• Describe properties in a way that makes it clear that they can be used outside the otel java agent
• Update system property -> env var example to use a relevant property
• Provide context on what the autoconfigure module is and add links
• Move text about configuration priority inside the signal configuration alert.
• Update text about reusable_data to incorporate all signals
• Fix footnote links
• Remove section about configuring service name
• Move resource section above exporters
• Update language around customizing the sdk, resource names, and ResourceProvider
• Add new column in table with context for where each artifact lives (tracecontext etc)
• Mention artifact coordinates in each place where we describe configuration that requires a particular artifact to be included to work

[jaydeluca]

/fix:format

[opentelemetrybot]

You triggered fix:format action run at https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry.io/actions/runs/9340120977

[cartermp]

Some basic copy-edits -- largely looks good from a narrative/structuring standpoint.

[theletterf]

Brilliant! Just some nits.

[svrnm]

@open-telemetry/java-approvers @open-telemetry/java-instrumentation-approvers PTAL

[cartermp]

Thank you @jaydeluca