Introduce gRPC Interceptor Chain for transport-grpc

[aparajita31pandey]

Description

This change introduces a gRPC Interceptor Chain into the transport-grpc module. The chain allows multiple interceptors to be applied in a defined order for every gRPC request. It lays the foundation for future needs (e.g., profiling, observability, logging), where ServerInterceptor provides a convenient hook.

Each interceptor can perform logic such as authentication, logging, or metrics collection before the request reaches the actual service. Interceptors are discovered using a provider interface and validated to ensure no duplicate order values.

If all interceptors succeed, the request proceeds to the service.
If any interceptor throws an exception, the chain logs the error, closes the call with an INTERNAL status, and stops further processing. This ensures a strict fail-fast model where faulty interceptors cannot be bypassed.This design makes gRPC extension points in OpenSearch opensearch-project/security#5379.

Related Issues

Resolves #5379

Test Plan

The changes are covered with unit tests to check interceptor ordering, duplicate detection, and error handling. Example scenarios include:

1. Verifying that interceptors execute in the correct sequence.
2. Ensuring that a failing interceptor stops the request when failures are not ignored.
3. Confirming that ignored failures allow the request to proceed to the next interceptor and service.
4. Checking that the system behaves the same when no interceptors are present.
5. Tested end to end with plugin having transport-grpc extension using gRPCInterceptor

Check List

• Functionality includes testing.

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[aparajita31pandey]

@cwperks @karenyrx Have addressed all review feedback:

1. Changed SPI dependencies to implementation
2. Made OrderedGrpcInterceptor a nested interface
3. Updated README with build.gradle extension examples
   All tests passing.