Prevent Sync Failure When App is in the Background

[qiarie]

On Android 12+ (API 31+), calling setForeground() while the app is in the background throws ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException. Previously, this call was grouped with the sync logic, causing the entire worker to fail and stop progressing if the periodic sync triggered while the app was not in the foreground.

Changes:

• Isolated setForeground() in an independent runCatching block to ensure sync proceeds even if the foreground notification cannot be started.
• Refactored doWork() to use a try-catch block for more robust exception handling and proper result propagation.

IMPORTANT: Where possible all PRs must be linked to a Github issue

Fixes [link to issue]

Engineer Checklist

• I have written Unit tests for any new feature(s) and edge cases for bug fixes
• I have added any strings visible on UI components to the strings.xml file
• I have updated the CHANGELOG.md file for any notable changes to the codebase
• I have run ./gradlew spotlessApply and ./gradlew spotlessCheck to check my code follows the project's style guide
• I have built and run the FHIRCore app to verify my change fixes the issue and/or does not break the app
• I have checked that this PR does NOT introduce breaking changes that require an update to Content and/or Configs? If it does add a sample here or a link to exactly what changes need to be made to the content.

Code Reviewer Checklist

• I have verified Unit tests have been written for any new feature(s) and edge cases
• I have verified any strings visible on UI components are in the strings.xml file
• I have verifed the CHANGELOG.md file has any notable changes to the codebase
• I have verified the solution has been implemented in a configurable and generic way for reuseable components
• I have built and run the FHIRCore app to verify the change fixes the issue and/or does not break the app